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March Madness

How March Madness Athletes Help Fund

Country Club Sports
Lauren Silva Laughlin

Updated: Apr 02, 2016 1:38 PM PDT

The financial contributions of star NCAA basketball players to universities are welldocumented. According to a recent report from the National College Players Association, the
fair market value of a Louisville basketball player in the 2011-2012 season was more than $1.6
million. Syracuse, Duke, and UNC players were all worth nearly $1 million each.
But these lucrative players contribute much more than just to the bottom line. Its common
belief in many athletic circles that, if it werent for revenue-generating sports like basketball,
others like swimming, lacrosse, and tennis, wouldnt be funded. Colleges dole out scholarship
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money fairly between sports to give these amateur athletesthe ones who major in
something other than their sport, as the NCAA commercial proudly statesan education.
But if this is true, it brings up another inequity. Students from lower socioeconomic standing
often fill out rosters on basketball teams. In practice, less-privileged athletes are supporting
the scholarships of students who play country club sports that favor athletes who come from
affluent families. In the debate about fairness in sport, it gives athletes of Olympic sports very
little ground to stand on.

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Because of legal restrictions, researchers have a hard time

pinning down the socioeconomic breakdown of individuals in
NCAA athletics. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy
Act (FERPA) restricts people from obtaining certain personal
financial information at universities. It makes it difficult to
find out and indentify which athletes that may come from
privilege and which come from low socioeconomic
backgrounds, says Richard Southall, Director at the College
Sport Research Institute at the University of South Carolina.
Nevertheless, there are ways to piece together the
socioeconomic disparity between various sports. For
example, the NCAA publishes an annual report card that
breaks down race in every sport. Though race doesnt
absolutely speak to socioeconomic standing, it can say
something about it if you assume the NCAAs population
reflects society over all.
In the 2014-2015 school year, for example, 2.2% of the male
athletes who swim at Division 1 schools are black, while more

than 80% were white. In lacrosse, 85% of players on the teams, on average, are white. In golf,
71% were white while only 3% were black. Meanwhile, in basketball, only a quarter of the male
players are white.

Now consider the average median income per race in the US. African American households,
according to the most recent US census data, make around $35,000 a year, about 35% less
than the average white household.

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When looking at research that shows the socioeconomic breakdown in youth sports, this
disparity becomes more drastic. For example, 56% of athletes that play lacrosse come from
families that make more than $100,000 a year, according to the Aspen Institute. Only about
4% of the athletes in the sport come from families below the poverty line.
The most affluent category accounts for 43% of the athletes in swimming. About 8% of the
athletes who swim are from families that live below the poverty line. In basketball, however,
16% of the athletes who play the sport come from families below the poverty line. Only about a
quarter of the young athletes who play the game are from families who make more than
$100,000 a year.
Now lets go back to the example of the Louisville players, for illustrative purposes. If one
player is worth $1.6 million to the university, and the cost of tuition at the school is roughly
$31,000, a single star basketball player could fund the scholarships of nearly the entire
lacrosse team at the average NCAA Division 1 school. Meanwhile only 6% of those lacrosse

athletes should be receiving need-based grants, according to financial aid statistics released by
the National Center for Education Statistics, if the Aspen Institute household incomes data
hold steady through college.
If fairness were a concern, scholarships of sports like swimming and lacrosse should

disappear. The trouble with fixing this disparity is two-fold, says Southall. First,
disproportionately across athletes, their grant is greater than their market value. So if an
athlete plays tennis, for example, "you are going to be quiet because it is a good deal."
Parents dont help. "Parents love to talk about their child who is a division 1 scholarship as
opposed to be a walk-on," he says.
Second, players of the revenue generating sports have a hard time speaking out against their
program. "They say to themselves I better stay quiet and the program will take care of me,"
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Southall says.
But there is another misnomer, according to Ramogi Huma, president of the National College
Players Association. Does it take football and basketball to sustain sports? If so, how does
Division 2 and 3 exist? Its a myth that you need football and basketball to sustain other
sports, he says. Universities like to use this as an excuse to pit athletes against each other. But
at universities that have less athletic prominence, they give hired coaches a full schedule and
travel. In other words, people would probably swim anyway.
LaurenSilvaLaughlinisafreelancerforFortune.Shewasawardedafullscholarshiptothe
UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillforswimming.

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