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Inverter - Fault Current Contribution PDF
Inverter - Fault Current Contribution PDF
Inverter - Fault Current Contribution PDF
1. INTRODUCTION
The short circuit current in power systems is still dominated
by classical synchronous generators of conventional large
scale coal or nuclear power plants. As a result of the everincreasing share of renewable energy sources the short circuit
current in the future will differ from the status quo. The fast
control of the power electronics in wind and photovoltaic
power conversion systems has the capability to control the
current injection during balanced as well as unbalanced grid
faults.
The past few years saw the publication of grid codes spelling
out new requirements for generation units in many countries.
The German grid code distinguishes between conventional
generation units with directly connected synchronous
generators and renewable energy units like wind power, PV
or biomass. The regulations contain requirements concerning
the active and reactive power control, the power quality, the
protective/security functions and the behaviour during grid
disturbances. In this chapter the focus is on the requirements
regarding the dynamic behaviour during grid disturbances.
The grid code stipulates that generation units should stay
connected to the power system during disturbances.
Additionally, the reactive current control of the generation
unit can be used to support the grid voltage in case of short
term voltage drop or increase.
0.75
No Tripping
0.5
0.25
900
0 150
1500
Time / ms
-- = Transmission
Code 2007
0.5
capacitive
d
u
=
L
g,L2
ig,L2 + uLSC,L2
d
t
u
i u
g,L3
g,L3 LSC,L3
Voltage drop
or increase U +
I Q
Gain: k =
U
1
k = 0 10 p.u.
(1)
inductive
(2)
u g,+ = l
d 0
0
i g,+ + u LSC,+
dt
(3)
g = arctan g,,+
u
g,,+
(4)
ucur,+
1
1 + Ts
j g
(5)
ug,d,+g = l
ug,q,+g = l
dig,d,+g
dt
u
dig,q,+g
dt
(6)
(7)
g
0l ig,q,+g + uLSC,d,+
g
+ 0l ig,d,+g + uLSC,q,+
u
u
uLSC,d,+
= ug,d,+g K P 1 + (ig,d_ref,+
ig,d,+g ) + 0l ig,q,+g
Ts
(8)
1 ug
ug
u
u
u
uLSC,q,+
= ug,q,+g K P 1 + (ig,q_ref,+
ig,q,+g ) 0l ig,d,+g
Ts
(9)
ug,d,+
ig,d_ref,+
ig,d,+
K P 1 +
Ts
uLSC,d,+
(10)
* 0
*u
* 0
*u
g
u LSC = u LSC,+ + u g,- = u LSC,+
e j(0t +u ) + u g,- g e - j(0t +u )
ig,q,+
uLSC,q,+
ug,q,+
uLSC,d,+
uLSC,q,+
uLSC,,+
uLSC,,+
j
g
e g
uLSC,
uLSC,
(12)
ug,,ug,,
(11)
0l
1
K P 1 +
Ts
ig,q_ref,+
ig,q_ref_sta,+
0l
ig,q_ref,+
ig,q_ref_dyn,+
ucur,+
u+
uref,+
j q
ug
j 0
jl i g
ug
u LSC
ug
ig
j ig,q g
0
ug,
0
ug,
ig,d g
5. SIMULATION RESULTS
5 x 100 kW
5 x 100 kW
5 x 100 kW
5 x 100 kW
5 x 100 kW
MV Power System
with directly grounded
Dyy Transformer
neutral point
PV Power Plant
U nom = 20 kV U p / U s / U t = 20 / 0.27 / 0.27 kV
U nom = 0.27 kV
''
S ps = S pt = 625 kVA
S k = 120 MVA
PTerminal = 5 x 100 kW
zps = zpt = 12%
X /R=3
Ptotal = 6 x 500 kW = 3 MW
10
Voltage / kV
10
0
-10
-20
-0.1
Current / A
Line-To-Ground Voltage M V
20
0.1
0.2
0.3
Currents M V
0.4
200
100
100
0
-100
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Voltage M V
Voltage / p.u.
Voltage / p.u.
U-
0.5
U0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Voltage LV
Voltage / p.u.
Voltage / p.u.
U-
0.5
U0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Current M V
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Voltage M V
0.5
U+
U-
0.5
U0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Voltage LV
0.5
U+
U-
0.5
U0
0
-0.5
-0.1
0.5
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Current M V
0.5
0.5
Current / p.u.
I+
I-
-0.5
I0
-1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive Sequence Active & Reactive Current M V
I+
I-
-0.5
I0
-1
-1.5
-0.1
0.5
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive Sequence Active & Reactive Current M V
0.5
0.5
Current / p.u.
IP+
IQ+
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-0.1
0.4
1.5
U+
-1.5
-0.1
0.2
0.3
Currents M V
-100
-0.5
-0.1
0.5
1.5
-0.5
-0.1
0.1
1.5
U+
-0.5
-0.1
-200
-0.1
0.5
1.5
Current / p.u.
-10
200
-200
-0.1
Current / p.u.
-20
-0.1
0.5
Current / A
Voltage / kV
Line-To-Ground Voltage M V
20
0.1
0.2
Time / s
0.3
0.4
0.5
IP+
IQ+
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-0.1
0.1
0.2
Time / s
0.3
0.4
0.5
6. CONCLUSIONS
Line-To-Ground Voltage M V
Voltage / kV
20
10
0
-10
-20
-0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
Currents M V
0.4
0.5
Current / A
200
100
0
-100
-200
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Voltage M V
0.5
Voltage / p.u.
1.5
U+
U-
0.5
REFERENCES
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Voltage LV
0.5
Voltage / p.u.
1.5
U+
U-
0.5
U0
0
-0.5
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive, Negative & Zero Sequence Current M V
0.5
Current / p.u.
0.5
I+
I-
-0.5
I0
-1
-1.5
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Positive Sequence Active & Reactive Current LV
0.5
Current / p.u.
1
0.5
IP+
IQ+
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-0.1
U0
0
-0.5
-0.1
0.1
0.2
Time / s
0.3
0.4
0.5