:

:
.
.1
.2 .
.3 .
:

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.4 :
.

: ()

. . . : ( )
.
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9

( ) 60 .
( ) 24 .
.

( ) 3 .
( ) 60 .

 :
( ) 3-1 ::

-1 pH C6H5COONa
2 M C6H5COOH = ( Ka
) .6.4 x 105
5.25
5.4
6.4
8.75

-2

............. .

0.83
0.83
zero
0.4

-3 Ksp = 3.9 x 10-11 CaF2 25

] [ F-1 CaF2 25 ..................

3.4 x 10-4
6.8 x 10-4
2.1 x 10-4
4.3 x 10-4

 (: )5 - 4
) (C4H10O

-4 .:
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-5 .:
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 ( :)7- 6

-6
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-7
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 ( )10 - 8
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-8
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-9
.
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-10 CnH2n
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-11

( )

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 -12
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(: )14-13
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-13
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-14 .
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 ()17 -15
-:

-15 ( III )
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-16 .
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-17
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 ()20-18
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-18

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-19 .
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-20
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 ()23-21
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-21 .
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-22 .
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-23

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 (:)26 -24

::

B
A
250

150
200

-24

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-25

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-26
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10

 ()29-27
::
-27 ........
II
II
III
III

-28

.............

-29 ( 3 2 1 ) ..................

11

 ()31 -30

-30

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-31

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()34-32
:
-32 .
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-33
.
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-34 .
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12

 (:)37 -35
Ka ( 1.8 10-5 0.2 = C ) :
: ::
-35 .
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-36

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-37 pOH
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13

 ()40 -38
:

-38 1 , 2
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-39

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-40

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14

 -41 .
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(:)43 -42
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-42
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15

 (:)46 -44
: : :
-44 .
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-45 .
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-46 .
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16

 (:)49 -47

: :
-47
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-48
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-49

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17

 ()51-50
( ) :
-50 II
.
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-51

.
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() 54 -52
: :
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-52

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-53
.

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-54

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18

 ()56 -55
: :
-55

(PNH3)2
(PN2) . (PH2)3

= Kp

...........................................................................................................
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-56

][ CH3COO-] [ H3O+
= Kc
] [ CH3COOH

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()58 -57
:
-57

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-58

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19

 (:)60-59

: .
: : II :
.I 0.073 g :
] [Cu=63.5
-59

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-60

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20

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21

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