VIRTUAL RETINAL DISPLAY

A virtual retinal display (VRD) is a head-mounted display

system that projects an image directly onto the human
retina with low-energy lasers or LCDs. VRDs can give the
user the illusion of viewing a typical screen-sized display
hovering in the air several feet away. In principle the
technology can provide full-color, high-resolution dynamic
displays, but in practice the components necessary to
achieve the full potential of the technology are either highly
expensive or simply not built yet. Although the technology
was invented by the University of Washington in the
Human Interface Technology Lab (HIT) in 1991,
development did not begin until 1993; the technology still
needs much refinement and has only been commercialized
in specialized sectors of the display market such as
automobile repair and some parts of the military.

Micro-electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

micrometers to millimeters. These systems can sense, control and actuate on the micro
scale, and function individually or in arrays to generate effects on the macro scale.
 The satellite industry could experience its biggest
revolution since it joined the ranks of commerce, thanks to
some of the smallest machines in existence. Researchers
are performing experiments designed to convince the
aerospace industry that microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) could open the door to low-cost, high-reliability,
mass-produced satellites.MEMS combine conventional
semiconductor electronics with beams, gears, levers,
switches, accelerometers, diaphragms, microfluidic
thrusters, and heat controllers, all of them microscopic in
size.
"We can do a whole new array of things with MEMS that
cannot be done any other way," said Henry Helvajian, a
senior scientist with Aerospace Corp., a nonprofit
aerospace research and development organization in El
Segundo, Calif.

Microelectromechanical Systems, or MEMS, are integrated

micro devices or systems combining electrical and
mechanical components. They are fabricated using
integrated circuit (IC) batch processing techniques and can
range in size from micrometers to millimeters. These
systems can sense, control and actuate on the micro scale,
and function individually or in arrays to generate effects on
the macro scale.

PLASMA ANTENNA
The concept is to use plasma discharge tubes as the antenna
elements. When the tubes are energized, they become
conductors, and can transmit and receive radio signals.
When they are de-energised, they revert to non-conducting
elements and do not reflect probing radio signals. Plasma
antenna can be "Steered" electronically. Another feature of
the plasma antenna is that it can be turned off rapidly,
reducing ringing on pulse transmission.On earth we live
upon an island of "ordinary" matter. The different states of
matter generally found on earth are solid, liquid, and gas.
Sir William Crookes, an English physicist identified a
fourth state of matter, now called plasma, in 1879. Plasma
is by far the most common form of matter. Plasma in the
stars and in the tenuous space between them makes up over
99% of the visible universe and perhaps most of that which
is not visible. Important to ASI's technology, plasmas are
conductive assemblies of charged and neutral particles and
fields that exhibit collective effects. Plasmas carry
electrical currents and generate magnetic fields.

When the Plasma Antenna Research Laboratory at ANU

investigated the feasibility of plasma antennas as low radar
cross-section radiating elements, Redcentre established a
network between DSTO ANU researchers, CEA
Technologies, Cantec Australasia and Neolite Neon for
further development and future commercialization of this
technology.

SATRACK
According to the dictionary guidance is the 'process of
guiding the path of an object towards a given point, which
in general may be moving'. The process of guidance is
 based on the position and velocity if the target relative to
the guided object. The present day ballistic missiles are all
guided using the global positioning system or GPS.GPS
uses satellites as instruments for sending signals to the
missile during flight and to guide it to the target.

SATRACK is a system that was developed to provide an

evaluation methodology for the guidance system of the
ballistic missiles. This was developed as a comprehensive
test and evaluation program to validate the integrated
weapons system design for nuclear powered submarines
launched ballistic missiles.this is based on the tracking
signals received at the missile from the GPS satellites.
SATRACK has the ability to receive record, rebroadcast
and track the satellite signals.

SATRACK facility also has the great advantage that the

whole data obtained from the test flights can be used to
obtain a guidance error model. The recorded data along
with the simulation data from the models can produce a
comprehensive guidance error model. This will result in the
solution that is the best flight path for the missile.