:

Holistic View:

Stream of Education

PICHET PINIT

- (RE-SEARCH) - (RE-LEARN)

Bruce Britton

Learning is a developmental process that integrates thinking and doing. It provides a link between the past and the future,
requiring us to look for meaning in our actions and giving purpose to our thoughts. Learning enriches what we do as individuals and
collectively, and is central to organizational effectiveness, to developing the quality of our work and to organizational adaptability,
innovation and sustainability. (Britton, 2005)

:
:
:

1. :

...?

(holistic approach) (Nadler & Chandon, 2004)

(problem solving)
?
?

(reductionist approach)
(single
loop learning - SLL) (Hargrove, 2008) ( 1)

1 (triple loop learning)

(Huntjens, et al., 2011)

1


()
/
? (DLL)

/
? (TLL)


?
?

2

1 2

(symptom of problem)

(how)
SLL

SSL

Chandon (2004) (foundation

questions)
1) How can we treat every problem
initially as unique? (UNIQUE)
2) What purposeful information do we
need to create living solution?
(PURPOSEFUL INFORMATION)
3) How can a systems view ensure the
solution we are creating will work?
(SYSTEM)

SSL

Albert
Einstein No problem can be solved from the
same level of consciousness that create it.

2
(Khanom, 2014)

DLL
TLL
Nadler

2. :


( 3)
,
,

SLL

( )

(surface question) :

?

?
? (
)

?


(bargain)?
(deep question) :

?
?

(constructive alignment)

?
(holistic question) :
(PLO)
?
/
?







( , 2002)

2 SLL
1
1 SLL

()

()

()

? ()
?



1

1)
2)

15 ?

Marzano (2006) (principles)

(generalization)

()

Nadler Chandon (2004)

(jump to the
conclusion)

3

(outcomes) SLL
DLL
TLL

3
(Ballentyne , 2012)

3. :


(educational Objective - O)
(Learning experience - L)
(Evaluation - E) OLE
(assessment)

OLE

(outcomes)
(what students know and be able to do)
(declarative
knowledge)
(procedural knowledge) (Marzano, 2009)

(evaluation)

(sorting)
(ranking/grading) (Wiggins, 1993)

(norm-referenced
grading)

(criteria-referenced
grading)

Marzano (2000) (2010)

(class ranking)
(grading
on the normal curve)
(self-referenced
grading)
(criteriabased grading)

10

Wiggins
(1993)


(next level)
(current level)

(omnibus grade) (Marzano, 2010)

4



?



C B

DLL

OLE

SLL

DLL
TLL

11

4
9
(McCarthy, 2010)

(
)



(
)

OLE

12

(Outcome-based Education - OBE)

O
New approaches to learning

21
L

4.

Vatterott (2015)

5
(Vatterott, 2015)

(academic rigor)

(content
coverage)
(situation complexity)

Guskey (2011)
(

(single
grade)

1:

13

(talent)

/
?

2:
/

(intervene)

3:

14

C 3 5

4:

5:

15

5.
4

?
OLE

DLL TLL

OLE
?

OLE

?

(professionalism)
(integrity)

16

6
?

SSL





60

4-5

4-5

2 DLL
Involves
(thinking outside the box)
/
(adapting the mental models or existing
installed system)
( improved rules and procedures)
/ (improved systems and
strategies)
Nadler Chandon (2004)

(creating living solutions)

(focus purpose)

17

?
(
)

6 KMUTT Competence Palette

(TQF)
.

(c4ed, 2016)

OLE

?

(

Code of Conduct
)

18

6.

()


?

7.
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:
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:
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. (2002). .
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