Works Cited (Denley Wiles)

Primary Sources
Cavallo, Maria. Interview. 5 Oct. 2016. Mrs.Cavallo is the middle school principal at American
Heritage. I thought she would be a great resource because Horace Mann was an educator
and so is Mrs.Cavallo. At one point Mrs.Cavallo was a teacher which helped a lot. I
learned that,America is like a melting pot we have different religious even when we do
the pledge of Allegiance it about god and in every religion theres a god but its not
always meant in the same way. I also learned that youre required to go to school all the
way up to 12th grade. I always thought when you 16 you could drop out.
Fuller, Walker. Life and Works of Horace Mann, Volume 2. Edited by Mary Mann, 2nd ed., 1867.
I learned from this book that Horace Mann was an activists to reform the deficiencies in
the school system. Many of these same defiencies and conditions exist in schools today.
This is a primary source because Horace Mann wrote it. This is important to my research
because, it helped me understand what positions he took on each aspect of education.
Gazette of the United States. The Tablet, 9 Jan. 1790. I chose to research periodicals before
1837. In 1837 Horace Mann first started to impact a change in American education. In
1838, he founded and edited The Common School Journal in which he targeted the
public school and its problems. To best understand the cause and effect that Horace Mann
made, I felt it best to research what education was like before he made an impact. This
article was well before Horace Mann and tells us what education was like.
Harris, Sonia. Series on School House Pioneers Only a teacher. Series on School House
Pioneers Only a teacher, edited by Claudia Levin, webpage here Www.pbs.org/

onlyateacher/horace.html. Accessed 10 Oct. 2016. This piece was important to my

research because it taught me the basic facts of how Horace Mann rose to his influential
position in education reform. This article highlights his determination to create a system
of effective, secular, universal education in the U.S. This information is good to compare
to the current research pieces I have found. Horace Mann had a strong believe that
political stability and social harmony depended on education.
A Joint Platform for Education Reform. A Joint Platform for Education Reform, 2007.
Accessed 10 Oct. 2016. In comparison to the reforms Horace Mann suggested, this
government group also believes in improving teacher quality, with better teacher
preparation programs. They also believe in good working conditions, improving teachers
pay, and the creations on non-traditional teaching paths. In this proposal they have laid
out ways to increase innovation, collect better data and adopt sound management
principles. This proposal is a good way to compare current trends in education with those
back in the 1800s.
Rose, Mike. School Reform Fails the Test. The American Scholar, 10 Dec. 2014. Aft A Union
of Professionals, Www.aft.org/sites/default/files/ah-summer2016.pdf. The author did a
very good job of traveling the U.S. and reporting on the current public school education.
The subtitle of this article is How can our schools get better when weve made our
teachers the problem and not the solution. To support this subtitle, the author explains
how the teachers at each school provide encouragement and culture to the students but he
criticizes standardized testing. The author explained the pros and cons of standardized

testing and provided insight to why that could be a negative in the school system instead
of the positive influence the teachers provide.

Secondary Sources
A & E Television Network. Horace Mann Biography. Horace Mann Biography, A & E
Television Network, www.biography.com/people/horace-mann-9397522. Accessed 1 Oct.
2016. This is a good research piece because it provides a nice summary of his total life.
It restates who he was, what he did and why it was important to education reform even
today. Even though I had read about his 6 principles in an earlier resource, it was easier to
understand the 6 principles in this article.
Carson, Be. Videoconference interview. Dr.Ben Carson is a huge support of building strong
public schools. He feels one of the important things to do this is to reward good teachers.
He talked about utilizing computers and virtual teaching to reach more kids and help
identify students problem areas.
Dublin, Jennifer. Mountains to Climb A Union-Led Partnership to Revitalize Education in
McDowell County, West Virginia. American Educator, Www.aft.org/sites/default/files/
ah-summer2016.pdf. I learned that even with todays technology and modern society,
there are students in the United States whose parents income has seriously affected their
ability to get to a good school. The particular example in this article was of a student in
West Virginia who earned straight As but due to her location and parents income, she
wasnt able to get any extra educational or travel opportunities.The teachers union AFT
took on the project of connecting communities like hers that are isolated from the

schools. This is why its important because it showed how the teacher unions are making
educational forms . Like those of Horace Mann.
Florida 2016 Hispanic Heritage Month. Florida 2016 Hispanic Heritage Month, State of
Florida, floridahispanicheritage.com/. Accessed 22 Sept. 2016. This is important because
it has something to do with the topic and it focuses on Florida which is nice because I can
learn more about where I live. I learned about the heritage of this website and about
Florida. I also learned fact about Governor Rick Scott.
National Intelligencer. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser [Washington], 6 July
1804. As mentioned before to establish the cause and effect of Horace Mann required and
article from before his influence. This article stated exactly how the government was
treating education at the time. This discussed that education was becoming more
important to the government. The government was planning to raise tax money to put
towards education.

Works Cited (Lucas Winkel)

Primary Sources
Downs, Robert E. Horace Mann. New York City, Twayne Publishers, 1974. This book was
important to my research as it gave a detailed generalization of everything about Horace
Mann. This book talked about who Horace Mann was, what his occupations were before
becoming a reformer, why he became a reformer, and what he reformed. This is book is a
primary as the author has primary knowledge of the subject.
Linden, Grace M. "A Tribute to Horace Mann." The Call [San Fransisco], 4 May 1912,
chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1912-05-04/ed-1/. Accessed 12 Sept. 2016.
This periodical went in to a little depth about what type of person Horace Mann was and
how his thirst for knowledge would soon lead him onto the path for fighting for a proper
education. Every person Horace Mann taught or instructed fell in love with him and his
personality. This newspaper article was important to my research as it gives a semi brief
introduction to the making of who Horace Mann would become.
Mann, Mary. Thoughts for a Young Man. H.B Fuller and Company, 1867, books.google.ca/
books?id=KmpJAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:
%22Horace+Mann%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDha3izarPAhUr4oMKHSZeBH
UQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Accessed 4 Sept. 2016. This book was very
similar to Life of Horace Mann as the author being his wife wrote both of them. This
taught me about his childhood what his early interests were. She also talked about the
struggles he had in his early childhood.

Peabody, Mary Tyler, and Marry Mann. Life of Horace Mann. Walker, Fuller, And Company,
1865, archive.org/details/lifeofhoracemann01mann. Accessed 4 Sept. 2016. This book is
basically like the bible of Horace Mann. This book contains the whole life of Horace
Mann viewed from his wife, who was with him for a good portion of his life. This book
talks about where he came from, what his challenges were, etc.
Ravitch, Diane. Interview. By Dennis Bernstein. www.readersupportednews.org, Reader
Supported News, readersupportednews.org/opinion2/277-75/35914-focus-so-manychildren-left-behind-an-interview-with-educational-reformer-diane-ravitch. Accessed 6
Oct. 2016. This interview was important to my research as it talked about what the
education system is like today. Even though Horace Mann did an excellent job to help
reform the education system, to this day it still needs reforming. This a primary source
because the woman being interviewed (Diane Ravitch) is an education reformer, which
means she's involved in the education system.
Updike, Angela. Interview. By Lucas Winkel. 8 Oct. 2016. Angela Updike was a Montessori
teacher, who has been teaching for 16 years. I chose Ms. Updike to be my interviewee so
I could compare what the education system is like and what teachers are like to today
versus what the education system and teacher were when Horace Mann helped reform the
education system.

Secondary Sources
Biography.com. "Horace Mann." Biography.com, A&E Television Networks. Accessed 27 Sept.
2016. This website explains everything you need to know about who Horace Mann was

and what he fought for. It also talks about the education system before and after Horace
Mann started fighting for what he believed in. This is why this website is important to my
research.
Chapman, Caroline. "Horace to Horace." History Today, 5 May 2014. Accessed 9 Oct. 2016. In
this magazine I learned how Horace Mann became a diplomat of England. Horace lacked
two skills for becoming a diplomat, but he two other traits that made up for it, his loving
attitude and meticulous attention to detail. Not only was he a diplomat but best friends
with Prime Ministers son.
Choi, Kwang. Education Reformation. www.paulinehawkins.com, Pauline Hawkins,
paulinehawkins.com/2012/06/25/education-reformation-the-never-give-up-initiative/.
Accessed 27 Oct. 2916. This is important to my project as it illustrate the different people
over a period of time who have made an impact on the reformation of education. Some of
the people illustrated in this illustration are Galileo and Horace Mann. This is a secondary
source
"Discussed Life and Work of Horace Mann, Famous American Educator." Grand Forks Herald,
1 Dec. 1921, chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042414/1921-12-01/ed-1/seq-10/.
Accessed 12 Sept. 2016. This newspaper was very informative on the dedication Mr.
Mann had towards his belief in a proper education. I learned that even though he was
criticized by his fellow piers who practiced law, he still fought for what he believed in.
This was important to me research as not only does it teach me about Horace Mann and
his beliefs and what he did to make those beliefs come true, but also correlates to the
theme for history day.

Horton, Thomas B. "Horace Mann (17961859) - Education and Training, Career and
Contribution." State University, Net Industries, education.stateuniversity.com/pages/
2197/Mann-Horace-1796-1859.html. Accessed 27 Sept. 201). The website really goes in
depth about Horace Manns education. It's also talks about how his contributed to the
education system. This is why this was important to my research.
Taylor, Bob Pepperman. Horace Mann's Troubling Legacy. Lawrence, Kansas, UP of Kansas,
2010. This book was important to my research as it went in depth about Horace Manns
beliefs for a better education system. It also speeches he had given over the lifetime he
spent promoting education. This is a secondary source as this book was written many
years after Horace Mann had passed on, and there are no sign of any primary source
material.