ETEC 2301 Programmable Logic Devices

Chapter 3
Logic Gates

Shawnee State University

Department of Industrial and Engineering Technologies
Copyright 2007 by Janna B. Gallaher

The Inverter
Input

Output

Logic Symbol

Truth Table
Timing Diagram

Inverter Operation

Logic Expression

The AND Gate

Logic Symbol

Truth Table

Timing Diagram

0*0=0
0*1=0
1*0=0
1*1=1
Boolean Expression

Logic
Expression

The OR Gate

Logic Symbol

Truth Table

Timing Diagram

0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=1
Boolean Expression

Logic
Expression

The NAND Gate

Logic Symbol

0
Timing Diagram

Truth Table

Equivalent Operation

AB = X

0*0=0=1

0*1=0=1

1*0=0=1

1*1=1=0

The NOR Gate

Logic Symbol

0
Timing Diagram

Truth Table

Equivalent Operation

A+B = X

0+0=0=1

0+1=1=0

1+0=1=0

1+1=1=0

The Exclusive-OR and Exclusive-NOR Gates

Logic Symbols

ExOR & ExNOR Truth Tables

Timing Diagram

A ExOR B = X

A ExNOR B = X

0 x 0=0

0 x 0=0=1

0 x 1=1

0 x 1=1=0

1 x 0=1

1 x 0=1=0

1 x 1=0

1 x 1=0=1

Programmable Logic

Large scale integrated circuit with programmable logic

blocks to implement high level logic functions.
Usually based on a Basic AND Array:

Older styles were one-time programmable, newer

technology uses flash memory.

Programmable Logic (continued)

Different vendors use different technologies:

Fuse Technology

Antifuse Technology

Similar to programmable read-only memories

Also one-time programmable

EEPROM Technology

Creates a conductive path where none exists

Also one-time programmable

EPROM Technology

Metal fuse that was one-time programmable

Similar to programmable read-only memories

Can be re-programmed

SRAM Technology

Uses static ram style storage

Volitile memory looses information when powered-down

Programmable Logic (continued)

Device Programming

Production environments use dedicated programming devices

Development environments use development boards

Designers use Integrated Development Software along with programmers

and development boards

Fixed-Function Logic

Integrated Circuit Logic Device Families

Each family contains basic logic operations (NOT, AND, OR, NAND,
NOR, EXOR, and EXNOR)

Two major families use different semiconductor technology:

TTL series uses binary junction transistors

CMOS series uses MOS transistors

CMOS

74XX and 54XX series of standard fixed-function logic (74 series =

commercial grade, 54 series = military grade)
Voltages: 5, 3.3, 2.5, and 1.8 volt
5 Volt logic: HC & HCT = High Speed, AC & ACT = Advanced
3.3 volt logic: LV & LVC = Low Voltage, ALVC = Advanced
BiCMOS technology: hybrid CMOS and TTL logic family
74BCTXX, 74ABTXX, 74LVTXX, and 74ALBXX series

Fixed-Function Logic (continued)

Integrated Circuit Logic Device Families (continued)

TTL

5 volt supply only

74XX and 54XX series devices available (74 series = commercial
grade, 54 series = military grade)
Several variations for speeds and power
74
74S Schottky TTL higher speed
74AS Advanced Schottky TTL
74LS Low-power Schottky TTL
74ALS Advanced Low-power Schottky TTL
74F Fast TTL

Types of Fixed-Function Logic Gates

Standard Numbering System:

Quad 2-input NAND

00

Dual 4-input NAND

20

Quad 2-input NOR

02

Dual 2-input AND - 21

21

HEX inverter

04

Triple 3-input NOR

27

Quad 2-input AND

08

Single 8-input NAND

30

Triple 3-input NAND

10

Quad 2 input OR

32

Triple 3-input AND

11

Quad XOR

86

Quad XNOR

266

Performance Characteristics and Parameters

Propagation Delay Time (tp)

DC Supply Voltage (Vcc)

Power Dissipation (PD)

Input and Output Logic Levels

Product of supply voltage and average current

VIH = High Level Input Voltage, VIL = Low Level Input Voltage

Speed-Power Product (SPP)

Measure of the performance of a logic circuit

It is the product of the Power Dissipation and the Propagation Delay time

Fan-Out and Loading

Maximum number of inputs to other gates that can be connected with

reliable results.