SECTION 8.

2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

|||| 8.2

1.

3.

5.

7.

9.

11.

13.

15.

||||

y sin
y

2

S Click here for solutions.

Evaluate the integral.

y sin

2.

x dx
x cos 3 x dx

sin 2 3x dx

y cos

y x sin x
3

y sin
y sin

4.

6.

8.

t dt

y 1  sin 2x

dx

 dx
4

2x cos 2x dx

x cos 4 x dx

cos (sx )
dx
sx

10.

12.

14.

16.

17.

Trigonometric Integrals

A Click here for answers.

136

18.

y sin

y cos
y

2

19.

y tan x sec

21.

y sec

23.

25.

y tan

27.

29.

y cot

31.

33.

35.

x sec 6 x dx

y tan

22.

24.

26.

28.

y cot

30.

ye

32.

y sin

y cos 3x cos 4x dx

34.

y sin 3x sin 6x dx

y sin x cos 5x dx

36.

y cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx

x cos 4 x dx

20.

x dx

x sin 5 x dx

 4

x dx

tan 4 t sec 2 t dt

y sin  x dx

x sec 3 x dx

4

cos 2 x dx
3

4

sec 6 x dx

tan 2 x sec 4 x dx

3

tan 5 x sec x dx

 


y sin

y cos
y sin
y


6

sec 2 x
dx
cot x

cos  d

x dx

x csc 4 x dx

cos 2 x
dx
sin x

w csc 4 w dw

cos 7e x  dx

dx
4

x dx

cos 3 x
dx
ssin x
dx

y 1  sin x

SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Answers
S Click here for solutions.

E Click here for exercises.

3
1. cos x + 13 cos x + C
7
5
2. 17 cos x 15 cos x + C
5
7
3. 15 sin x 17 sin x + C
1
4. 10
sin10 x 14 sin8 x + 16 sin6 x + C

5.
4

6.
4

1
7. 38 t + 14 sin 2t + 32
sin 4t + C
5
1
3
1
8. 16
x 4
sin 2x + 64
sin 4x + 48
sin3 2x + C

9. 32 x + cos 2x 18 sin 4x + C

10. 83 cos 2 + 14 + 18 sin 2 + C

11. 12 cos x

1
6


cos3 x2 + C




3
12. 18 52 x + 2 sin 2x + 38 sin 4x 16 sin 2x + C
13. 12

1
9

cos9 2x

2
7

cos7 2x +

1
5


cos5 2x + C

5
3
14. 15 cos x + 23 cos x cos x + C
3
1
1
15. 128
x 128
sin 4x + 1024
sin 8x + C


2
16. 2 1 15 sin x
17.

x+

1
2

sin x + C

sin (2 x) + C

18. tan x + sec x + C

6
2
4
6
19. 16 sec x + C or 12 tan x + 12 tan x + 12 tan x + C
8
6
20. 18 sec x 16 sec x + C or
1
8

tan2 x +

1
3

tan6 x +

1
4

tan4 x + C

3
21. 13 tan x + tan x + C

22. 28
15

23. 15

8
24. 15

5
3
25. 15 sec x 13 sec x + C

26. 38
15
2
27. 12 tan x + C
3
5
28. 13 cot w 15 cot w + C
6
4
29. 16 cot x 14 cot x + C
x

30. sin e sin e + 35 sin e 17 sin e + C

31. ln |csc x cot x| + cos x + C
3

32. 13 cot x cot x + C

1
33. 12 sin x + 14
sin 7x + C
1
34. 16 sin 3x 18
sin 9x + C
1
35. 18 cos 4x 12
cos 6x + C
1
1
36. 14 x + 18 sin 2x + 16
sin 4x + 24
sin 6x + C

SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

Solutions
A Click here for answers.

E Click here for exercises.

1.


1 cos2 x sin x dx


= sin x dx + cos2 x ( sin x) dx

sin3 x dx =



9.

(1 sin 2x)2 dx =
=

1
3

= cos x + cos x + C
by the substitution u = cos x in the second integral.
du = sin x dx. Then





sin3 x cos4 x dx = cos4 x 1 cos2 x sin x dx






6
= u4 1 u2 (du) =
u u4 du

=
=

2. Let u = cos x

= 17 u7 15 u5 + C =

1
7

cos7 x

1
5

10.


sin + 6 cos d

cos5 x + C

du = cos x dx. Then





sin x cos x dx = sin4 x 1 sin2 x cos x dx


4
=
u u6 du = 15 u5 17 u7 + C
4

sin x

1
7

sin x + C

11. Let u = x

4. Let u = sin x

du = cos x dx. Then





2
cos5 x sin5 x dx = u5 1 u2 du






5
= u5 1 2u2 + u4 du =
u 2u7 + u9 du
=

1 10
u
10

14 u8 + 16 u6 + C
10

1
= 10
sin x 14 sin8 x + 16 sin6 x + C
Or: Let v = cos x, dv = sin x dx. Then




2
cos5 x sin5 x dx = v 5 1 v 2 (dv)


5
1 10
=
v + 2v 7 v 9 dv = 10
v + 14 v 8 16 v 6 + C
1
= 10
cos10 x + 14 cos8 x 16 cos6 x + C
 /2
 /2 2
5. 0
sin 3x dx = 0 12 (1 cos 6x) dx

/2
1
= 12 x 12
sin 6x 0 = 4
 /2
 /2
6. 0
cos2 x dx = 0 21 (1 + cos 2x) dx

/2
= 12 x + 14 sin 2x 0 = 4
 1
2

7.
(1 + cos 2t) dt
cos4 t dt =
2



= 14
1 + 2 cos 2t + cos2 2t dt

= 14 t + 14 sin 2t + 14 12 (1 + cos 4t) dt


= 14 t + sin 2t + 12 t + 18 sin 4t + C
1
= 38 t + 14 sin 2t + 32
sin 4t + C


2 3
6
sin x dx =
8.
sin x dx
3
 1
=
(1 cos 2x) dx
2



= 18
1 3 cos 2x + 3 cos2 2x cos3 2x dx

= 18
1 3 cos 2x + 32 (1 + cos 4x)




1 sin2 2x cos 2x dx


5
= 18
4 cos 2x + 32 cos 4x + sin2 2x cos 2x dx
2


4
3
1
= 18 52 x 2
sin 2x + 8
sin 4x + 32
sin3 2x + C

5
x
16

1
4

sin 2x +

3
64

sin 4x +

1
48

sin3 2x + C

12.

1
(1 cos 4x)
2

 3
1
2 sin 2x 2 cos 4x dx
2
3
x + cos 2x 18 sin 4x + C
2

1 2 sin 2x +

dx



1
5




1 2 sin 2x + sin2 2x dx

sin 23 + cos 12 cos d



= 43 sin 2 d + 14 (1 + cos 2) d
=

3. Let u = sin x



x sin

3
8

cos 2 + 14 +

1
8

sin 2 + C

du = 2x dx. Then

dx =
sin3 u 12 du



= 12 cos u + 13 cos3 u + C




= 12 cos x2 + 16 cos3 x2 + C

3
 1
(1 + cos 2x) dx
cos6 x dx =
2




= 18
1 + 3 cos 2x + 3 cos2 2x + cos3 2x dx

1 + 3 cos 2x +
= 18




+ 32 (1 + cos 4x) + 1 sin2 2x cos x dx


5
= 18
+ 4 cos 2x + 32 cos 4x sin2 2x cos 2x dx
2



= 18 52 x + 2 sin 2x + 38 sin 4x 16 sin3 2x + C

13. Let u = cos 2x

du = 2 sin 2x dx. Then




2
sin 2x cos 2x dx = cos4 2x 1 cos2 2x sin 2x dx



2
1 

4

= u4 1 u2
2 du = 12
u 2u6 + u8 du



= 12 19 u9 27 u7 + 15 u5 + C



= 12 19 cos9 2x 27 cos7 2x + 15 cos5 2x + C
5

14. Let u = cos x

du = sin x dx. Then

2


1 cos2 x sin x dx
sin x dx =




2

1 + 2u2 u4 du
=
1 u2 (du) =
5

= 15 u5 + 23 u3 u + C
= 15 cos5 x +
15.

2
3

cos3 x cos x + C

4

1
sin4 x cos4 x dx =
sin 2x dx
2
2

 1
1
1
(1 cos 4x) dx
= 16
sin4 2x dx = 16
2



1
= 64
1 2 cos 4x + cos2 4x dx




1
1
x 12 sin 4x + 128
= 64
(1 + cos 8x) dx






1
1
1
= 64 x 2 sin 4x + 128 x + 18 sin 8x + C
=

3
x
128

1
128

sin 4x +

1
1024

sin 8x + C

SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

16. Let u = sin x

du = cos x dx. Then





3
1 u2 du
cos x

dx =
u1/2
sin x

  1/2
=
u3/2 du
u
1/2

21.

22.



2
tan x + 1 sec2 x dx
sec4 x dx =


= tan2 x sec2 x dx + sec2 x dx = 13 tan3 x + tan x + C


sec6 x dx =
=

+C



1 2
1 5u + C
= 2u



= 2 1 15 sin2 x sin x + C

x so that x = u2 and dx = 2u du. Then


cos2 u
cos2 x

dx =
2u du = 2 cos2 u du
u
x

=
(1 + cos 2u) du

17. Let u =

= u + 12 sin 2u + C



=
x + 12 sin 2 x + C

1 + sin x
dx =
1 sin2 x

sec2 x dx

tan4 x sec2 x dx + 2 tan2 x sec2 x dx

+ sec2 x dx

1
5

2
3

 /4

du = sec2 t dt. Then


1
1
tan t sec t dt = 0 u4 du = 15 u5 0 = 15 .

du = sec2 x dx. Then

1


tan2 x sec4 x dx = 0 u2 u2 + 1 du

1

= 0 u4 + u2 du

1
= 15 u5 + 13 u3 0

24. Let u = tan x

 /4
0

= tan x + sec x + C
25. Let u = sec x

19. Let u = sec x

du = sec x tan x dx. Then



6
sec5 x sec x tan x dx
tan x sec x dx =
 5
=
u du = 16 u6 + C
=

1
6

1
2

tan2 x +

1
2

tan4 x +

1
2

tan6 x + C

du = sec x tan x dx. Then



2
sec x 1 sec5 x sec x tan x dx
tan x sec x dx =


7

2

u u5 du
=
u 1 u5 du =
3

=
=


Or:

1 8
u
8
1
8

16 u6 + C

sec8 x

1
6

1 8
v
8

1
8

1
3

1
3

8
15

du = sec x tan x dx. Then

sec2 x tan2 x sec x tan x dx




4
 2
2
=
u u 1 du =
u u2 du
=

1 5
u
5

1
5

sec6 x + C

tan6 x +

13 u3 + C

sec5 x

1
3

sec3 x + C

26. Let u = sec x du = sec x tan x dx. Then

2
 /3
2
 /3
tan5 x sec x dx = 0
sec x 1 sec x tan x dx
0
2
2

= 1 u2 1 du

2

= 1 u4 2u2 + 1 du
2

= 15 u5 23 u3 + u 1





= 32
16
+ 2 15 23 + 1
5
3

+ 13 v 6 + 14 v4 + C1

tan2 x +

tan x sec x dx =

38
15

du = sec2 x dx. Then



sec x
dx =
tan x sec2 x dx = u du
cot x

1
4

tan4 x + C1

1
5

27. Let u = tan x

2
tan3 x tan2 x + 1 sec2 x dx
2
 3
2
=
v v + 1 dv (where v = tan x)


7
=
v + 2v 5 + v 3 dv

tan3 x sec6 x dx =

sec x + C

20. Let u = sec x

Or: Let u = tan x, du = sec2 x. Then

2


tan x sec6 x dx =
tan x 1 + tan2 x sec2 x dx


=
tan x sec2 x dx + 2 tan3 x sec2 x dx

+ tan5 x sec2 x dx
=

28
15

+1=

23. Let u = tan t

1 + sin x
dx
cos2 x


2
=
sec x + sec x tan x dx

dx
=
1 sin x

2

tan2 x + 1

= 15 tan5 x + 23 tan3 x + tan x + C

(Set u = tan x in the first two integrals.) Thus

/4
 /4
sec6 x dx = 15 tan5 x + 23 tan3 x + tan x 0
0

1/2

2 5/2
u
5

= 2u

18.



28.

1 2
u
2

+C =

1
2

tan2 x + C


cot2 w csc4 w dw = cot2 w csc2 w csc2 w dw




= cot2 w 1 + cot2 w csc2 w dw




= u2 1 + u2 (du) [u = cot w, du = csc2 w dw]



= u2 + u4 du = 13 u3 15 u5 + C
= 13 cot3 w

1
5

cot5 w + C

SECTION 8.2 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

du = csc2 x dx. Then





cot3 x csc4 x dx =
cot3 x cot2 x + 1 csc2 x dx

 3
2
=
u u + 1 (du)

29. Let u = cot x

= 16 u6 14 u4 + C
= 16 cot6 x 14 cot4 x + C

 x
30.
e cos7 (ex ) dx = cos7 u du [u = ex , du = ex dx]
3

2 3


=
cos u cos u du =
1 sin2 u cos u du


3
=
1 v 2 dv [v = sin u, dv = cos u du]



=
1 3v 2 + 3v 4 v 6 dv
= v v 3 + 35 v 5 17 v 7 + C
= sin u sin3 u +

31.

32.

33.

= 13 u3 u + C = 13 cot3 x cot x + C
cos 3x cos 4x dx

=
sin 3x sin 6x dx
=

35.

=
sin x cos 5x dx =
=

36.

sin7 u + C


2


dx
cot x + 1 csc2 x dx
= csc4 x dx =
4
sin x

2

=
u + 1 (du) (where u = cot x)

1
7

= ln |csc x cot x| + cos x + C

34.

sin5 u

= sin ex sin3 ex + 35 sin5 ex 17 sin7 ex + C

1 sin2 x
cos2 x
dx =
dx = (csc x sin x) dx
sin x
sin x

3
5

1
2


1
2
1
2

1
2

1
14

1
2

sin 7x + C

[cos (3x 6x) cos (3x + 6x)] dx

(cos 3x cos 9x) dx

sin 3x


1
2
1
8

(cos x + cos 7x) dx

sin x +


1
2
1
6

[cos (3x 4x) + cos (3x + 4x)] dx

1
18

sin 9x + C

[sin (x 5x) + sin (x + 5x)] dx

( sin 4x + sin 6x) dx

cos 4x

1
12

cos 6x + C

cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx


= cos x 12 [cos (2x 3x) + cos (2x + 3x)] dx


= 12 cos2 x dx + 12 cos x cos 5x dx

= 14 (1 + cos 2x) dx

+ 12 12 [cos (x 5x) + cos (x + 5x)] dx

= 14 x + 18 sin 2x + 14 (cos 4x + cos 6x) dx
= 14 x +

1
8

sin 2x +

1
16

sin 4x +

1
24

sin 6x + C