286 I 8 y s t e m

f LIn ear E qua t ion s

ex ., Alpha Mathematics

-1

"il

an d
M a tr

j x1

71

! "n; Yi 1 \I, 'j.f, 'Yf s y s t em o f Lin ear

qua t ion s an d M a tr i x I 287

ex ,., Alpha Ma hematics

(Cofactor)

1t3J\\l,
, af,Ja 3J1 n'YJntil1
'

=.,11

-10

A = [a n

...
I+J
.d
,
.... . 1
a aii fUINiltlm"1la (.,1) Ltil::' M

g(A')
2 fl1lJ7::nalJ712J\ntl1"11

L;jr.J'j.f,U'YI\l,f,r1tl7::naui12JL"tI1"11a a'J fi1[J C,J(A)

'

I
+
'\l'lnlJ'YI'j.f,V13J "il::1'1'"
Lfl11 CIJ(A) =(-1) IMII(A)
A

ri1 w'11\f A =

21

[1 J
2

"il Vl1i1tl7::naui13JLfltl1"11a W3J1:an'YIni1"11a A

t.ft3JL'j.f,afYl 1LLd'1"il1ri i1ath Yl 19

-1

-1

-1
6

=
5

M,,(A) =

I:

tl

-1

1+1
= (-1) M11(A) = 4

1+2
= (-1) M12(A)::: -3
2+1
= (- 1 )
M21(A) =-2
2+2
= (-1) M22 (A)::: 1

=-4

=-57
22 ri1 'j.f,fll A

[: ;]
1

= 21

"il

1i1tl7::nflu'h3JL"r.J1"11a W3J1:an'YJni1"11a A
.

t.ft3JL\I,afYl 1LLd'1"il1n i1f1th Yl 20

=44

=-37

= 23

= 27

1+1
C11(A) = (-1) M11(A)
1+ 2
CdA) = (-1) M 1 A)
1 +3

C13(A) = (-1) M13(A)

2+ 1

C21(A) =(-1) M21(A)

2+2
C22(A) = ( -1) M 22(A)
2+3
C2 3(A) = (-1) M23(A)
3+1
C3 1(A) ::: (-1) M31 (A)
3+2
= (-1) MdA)
3 +3
= (-1) M33(A)

=-11
=10

=-4

=57

=21

=-44

=-37
=-23
=27

L 'ntfifimhti''W'YfLLiI::fl113J 3J1rJ"1I a fi1ti''W'YI' 1i LLft1 Gi fI ttl"il::t\flJ'YIii.r.J12J h'YI afnu\I,\I, "1I a

'II

mil-&ilmliii n Xn L f1
L A = [a'J]n

2 tfitl ii

'"

x n

L3Ja n

>
_

2 flL'YIa73JLL'j.f,\l,fn"1la A fla
""

II'A

II'

a11C11(A) + a12C12(A) + ...

...

a1nC1n(A)

2881 S y ste m

0"

Linear

Mat r i x 1

quat ions and

11

. 9Sl i 1 ::: 1r 1UU 'f Sys te m

fil

....... 0

det(A) = 811CdA)

812C12(A)

(5)(-11)

-55 - 10 - 24

813C13(A)

(-1)(10) + (6)(-4)

= -89

e1'uuh"fI 2 'Iil-il'lll1&it't1 Eliiiuuu<i"1J El-ilUJ't17n'li' A =

...... 0

'l6't11

C11(A)

= M11(A)
1+2

(-1)

1+3

(-1)

823

a32

a..

--

a..

= 822833 - 832a23

a21

823

a'1

a ..

= -(821833 - 8318d

M1S(A)

= M13(A)

det(A)

a22

a32

M12(A)

= -M12(A)
C13(A) =

[: : :: ::]
a'l

'1 +1
= (- 1)
M11(A)

C12(A) =

quat ions' and

Mat r i'x

I 289

C
(X'- Alph 8 Mathemais

c
(X - A lpha M8thematis

'Ui't11

0 fLinear

= 811CdA)

812C12(A)

a21

a22

a 'l

a32

813C13(A)

= 821832 - 822831

=831823 -

290 I S y s t e m

0f

Linear

E, qua

t i 0 ns and

Ma t r i x '1 "q fij

tll 1i' 7::

1i

1 U U 'ti's y s t e m

f Linear E qua t ions and

a -;Alpha Mathematics

Mat r i'x .1;291

a - Alpha Mathematics
3
-1
1

'VI1fhiiL't1El'f3jLmU

tJm:: 1t11il1aJum

det(A) = a31C31(A)
= (-1)C31(A)

-1

1,

-3

-1

::l<ft

+ a32C32(A) + a33C33(A) + a34Ca4(A)

+ (-3)C32(A) + (8)Caa(A) + (O)C34(A)

= (-1)(1)M31(A) + (-3)(-1)Ma2(A) + (8)(1)M33(A)

5

-1

-3 8

-1

.......

'16f11

det(A) =

=
=

-1

(-1)(1)

4 + (-3)(-1) 3

+ (8)(1) 3

-1

-1

-1

(-1)(1)(35) + (-3)(-1)(33) + (8){1)(-8)

=0

allCll(A) + a12C12(A) + a13C13(A) + a14C14(A)

= (1)C11(A) + (-1)C12(A) + (5)C13(A) -+- (2)C14(A)

= (1)(1)Ml1(A) + (-1)(-1)M12(A)
1

(1)(1)3
1

(5)(1)M13(A) + (2)(-1)M14(A)
2

+ (-1)(-1).1 ,8

0 + (5)(1)1

-3

+ (2)(-1) 1

-1

-1

=(1)(1)(-70) + (-1)(-1)(-66) + (5)(1)(16) + (2)(-1)(-28)

=0

1mJ't1Utl1aJnTj'\lniiL't1Elf3juuu "li1-'l U LLlun17'vl1iiL't1Elf3juuu

1

L'Yh,ru U L"j1W1aJ1"jt1'V11 L't1flfnLmU

m:::'<illt1lillaJLLm

1nm7m::'<il1 1il1aJLL

1nm7m:::'<illt11il13JbLm'VI1fl'l-Hrnhdn<ft lahhL

LWaJElltJ
d

m:: ltJlill:JJum't1 i
det(A)=

aI1Cil(A) + aI2Ci2{A) +

..

. + alnC'n(A) 'Y.ln i = 1, 2, . . , n
.

m:::'<illt1(j]1:JJ'VIan't1 j
det(A)=a1JClj(A)+

a2jC2j(A) + ... + anjCnj(A)

'Y.ln j

= 1, 2

. . .

"'.... .... ,UfI'J

(Min) (Elementary row (column) operation)

1 S LlJmaJ't1
' 7n'lf
1.

til S l<ft 1nm"jflmwaJl

n't1ni11uuml
um'VIit-'l (ivl1fl'VIinl 'VIin'VIit-'l)"lJEl-'l
'II
q

c L"lfU m c n'lJwaJl n'Y.lmhlubLm i (Lb't1U<ft1t1HqJim!tmcR,) bLi>f1 det(S)=

1t1fh

det(A)

2. til S l<ft'<il1nm7wi'lmm 2 bLm (mEl'VIin 2 'VIin)"lJO-'l A L"lfU wi'lJfl waJl nluumfl i

j (bL't1UmtlwtlIan'l:!tm RI)U
1 det(S)= -det(A)
J
IV

3.

Q"o

Q,J

ft

'"

til S l '<illnm"jbellfi1f1-'li1 c flmLLml

mm'VIit-'l {'VI1o'VIinl 'VIin'VIit-'l)ui1':i1'tJ'lJ1n
'II

nlJamLm ('VIin)'VIit-'l"lJfl.-'lL:JJfl7n'lf A L"lfU ,h c mbLm j U1'j.t1'tJ'lJ11wjJ1n'lJumfl i (LL't1U<ft1t1

tl'm!tmR I

cRj) bL 1 det(S)= det(A)

292 I S y s t e

\Jl'unh"yf

f L in e ar Eq

a ti 0 n s

28 ,;).:IVt1 L'Ylt)'f3jLLUU""JIl.:lL:lJ'YI'in-n B
,

an

Ma t r i x

l A =

1 1 Wi j-

::: li

li l' ::: li

..

1 U U 'Yl S Y s t e m

2
o 232

2
2
o 232

-2
-1

4.

lJihh

det(A) =

4
7

23

[ 23
]
5

10

12

1.5

1 utr11J1nnULLCl1 2
'it1 -4 flnULCl1
..

18

tr

Lmil,;)1nn1''it1 3 mLLCl1!Y1 2 ij.:lLL'YlW111f.JIUliIn'l!tm 3R2

-,J

Q,#

Q,,;

Vifil1 m1 a31 ,;):::LlI'14 0 t n1,Ln'\t1

" .t
R :t:
....
( L91,q)l.(lTl1'Y1.(lLLCl1
..l
..1

3)'
1 1I1111nm.lLLCl1'Y1
lIt1LLCl1'Yl
flO
...

1.0

-15
-

-35

-40

30 Ln,(11'l1nnT '\t1 5

25

20

-1

1,2 LLIiI::: 3

mLLrn

Vi 1 m1

-50

a41

.(l,fu det(B) = (-5)(-5)(-5) det(A)= (-5)(-5)(-5)(-3)= 3 75

...

[1 23]
7

10'

(i

Lnflfil1nnT.itrua1l1 nLLCl1 2 LLIiI::: 3 ij.(lLL'YlU 1mtqJtrn'l!tnt

... :t:

4.

..

UJmn'll' B =
A

..

..

...
aqJliln'l!tm

-6

10

(LLq)q)O.(lTl1'Y1.(lL fI'l

... It:

fI.(lUU det(B) = det(A) = -3

"

fII

.
..1
...
..I 2 'lI'.(lLL
..!
mfl 1nU1 -4 mLLCl1:t1 1 Lun'U1nn'ULLCl1'Yl
..

<II

det(A) = (-1)

1+1

(1)

-1

.(l{}? .(l,"1 2 ,mntJ

,
...
...
..I 1 LLIiI11.11nnULLCl1'Y1
...
..I 3)
lIt1 2 t}mnmLCl1'Y1

.f

-1

-1

=0
R2 - 4R1

:t:

.R

fI.(lUU det(B) = det(A) = 3

[1
-23 3]

';)::allu 0 'iIi1L 1'\t1 2 1I1U1n

-1

-10

-5

2
2oo 32 3

-2
2
2023
oo -3 3
-3

3-3
-3

-1

3. LlI'n'ino! B

fI.(lUU det(B) = 3 det(A) = 3(-3) = 9

2. LlI'Y11n"lf B =

-1

... It:

Mathematics

= 3

1. LlI'Y11n-n B =

-1

B=

det(A) =

-50

-40

r i x I 293

-1

2. B =

Mat

-1

-15

-10

f L i'n ear E qua t ion s an d

-1

10

ex Alpha

[: : :]
[
-3:
o
-25 ]
[: 3 ]
:

..

1UU

a11

1..n 2 nOuLL tr1

'

294lSyste m

o,f

Linear

i'i :; Ii 11.1, 1.1,'" 5 Y stem

Equa t ions and

0f

Linear

E qua t i 0n,s an d

, a, - Alpl1aMathematics

M a tr ix 1295

a,o. Alptla'Mathematic

3
3
o

:jilt" det(A)

-2

Q,.I
#:f
'VIflnm'iLn;J:;'VI1
L't10'iALLUU !TLC;UJ m:: 1rJWi1 .
.

. L'111il:.yht

fl 1;jntU'VIafl

Q.I

1 rJm1U all Lilli,

-2

Q"i

fiB .yhl

a21 a31> a41

0 L Bt 'VI1 Lfl

Q"i

,d

-2

'iinn 10m 'YltLfl1 det(A) = -42

3 I
det(-2A A )

1il1'im1 a31 ;J:Lilu

'vi -2 riB,"LbI.r1

'vit11L'i1'1.i1

-2

11J1n a31

1J1nn1J a31 (LLc;iqjEm11'tfLLm 'fiB 'l.i1

3

det(A)

-4

-1

-2

1+1

(1)(-1)
-42

-2

mn1J al1

1 LL a11J1nn1JLLm 3)

flmn1JLLm
'II

'l.i1

-4

-1

-2

3 I
4
(-2) det(A A )
3
4
I
(-2) det(A ) det(A )
3
4
(_2) [det(A)] det(A)
3
4
(-2) (-42) (-42)
4

84

1il{J'VI1fl1"l1B{J det(-2A

IV

-2

a:h;bLilil. 2 vi -i,"

'\IIfln'Yl 1

A)

{J,"U

3081Sys t em

.hpi 1 'U'U nSys t em ,of Li

of Li

a - Al

a - Alpha

pha Mathematc
i
33

...

..J

!jJ.,'l'VI1 det( A), adj(A), Aadj( A), adj(A) A b3Je)rh'VI'U

t A tU'UnX n t3J'Ylill
..

A LU'Ut3J'YIinethhall!1'U (non-singular
_

..

t'"
'VI A b.U'U n X n b3Jmll

..

d,

b3Ja n

..

t3Jmll

..

-2

C'2(A)

C"IAl

= -8

C.IAl

ud](A) - C2,(A) C22(A) C23(A)

..

ll 'U (adjoin

C3,(A)

b3J'Ylin [C1j( A)]

C32(A)

i...un.h"fl 32 !jJ..1'V11 det( A), adj( A), Aadj( A), adj( A) A L m'h'VI'U

det( A) =

adj( A) A=

_C

-b

'

C33(A)

-2

[:-1
-1,,]'

[
17 10 -1--1J

[:
,

-1

-5

= -

-5

-c

10

-5

-c

[: :]

[ ]
[: 7]
[ ] [ -b] [
[
-b] [ ] [
la l

-15

28

_I CI

C22(A)

A adj( A)=

=ad-bc

C12(A)

10 - 0

1
1

7
1 _I:
2
1
-1
-1 1

I:

'I
I:
:1

10
-1
1
-1

1
-1 1
1 I: 11

-2

adj( A)

A=

0 - 15 - 2

nWlla..1 A cA'1t1 adj( A)

L.!JltJ'UU'Yl'Ub3J'Ylill

0 -1 1 0
-1
-1

..J

A bU 'Ub3Jmll Lall!1'U ( singular

=leth

nea r Equa t i

b
d

A ad)( A)=

ad-bc

ab-ab

cd- cd

ad-bc

ad-be

bd-bd

a c -a c

ad-be

'

= det( A) 13

= det( A) 13

=ad-bc
.

[: :]

= det( A) I,

310 I S y ste m

of Lin ear' E q u a t ion s an d

..

M a tr i x 1 '119ii t '1:: li 1 'U 'Un

..

li'1 :.: li 1 'U 'U '11 S Y stern

(l - Alpha Mathematics

35

'M".t,; A =

0f

Lin ear Eq

[: , }

M' A (mn)

f'1

. '"

t'VI A LlJ'ULlI'I1'm"lJ

..

"

n X n

..

'"

LlIfI'm"lJ LlIB n ;;::: 2

""

(1) A adj(A) = adj(A) A = det(A) In

-1

i-nnh,,;i
"" ... 0

'l6f11

det(A)

34 ri1'V1'U"ht A

'VI1 det(A)

36 ri1'V1'U"llt A =

ll\l'VI1 A-1 (n13j)

-1 \1 "'''' . '"
I$'
A
ad - be L3JfI''m''lJ A 1l:::'VI 1 A b"n9lBLlIB ad - be
.J

adj(A)

-5

[: :]
[
-b]

1l1n 911BEJ1\1'Y! 32 adj(A) =

...

1 [,17 10
-1-1]

7
-1
['-1
1
-7J'
det A)

=.1. -28
5

adj(A)

-5

(2) A 3ji1 nr.r'Um'1 mn BLrlB A dj'ULlI'Yiin.fl3JUlnfl'U l'Umm det(A) *' 0 ti11

A

[ 17
: =:-1]

-5

1
A

-c

det(A)

adj(A)

..Iof-

ll\l'VI1 A- (n13j)

-2

LrtO\l1l1n det(A) = -1 ::tf'U A 3ji1 nr.r'U

1
A-

1
7
1
_1
-1
-17 1 1
1 1 1
0
-1-177
1 .-7
/-1
-7"/
1
1

-[-1 7J
-[
:]

[:
"]
2

= ..:!.-

-2

'

-2

-4

-2

-1

-2

-4

-3

-8

-3

-5

-2

tI 0 n s an d

M a tr i x J 311

(l,,- Alpha Mathematics

-;'1n i1Bth\lotf 33 det(A) = -15 Ufl:: adj(A) =

flq'Jt!lUfI

ua

3121S y s terri b f Lin ear E qua ti 0 n s an d

Ma tr i x

':I ".i

..fI
WI

19ii

...
If ".i ::: If

..

1 'U 'U 't1 S Y s te m

C1>;; Alpha Mathematics

'"

L'Ul{J'iil1 n det(A)

[2

=,

-1

.,

Qd

-17

11

-1

11

-7

Q.I

<aI

iI

...

0,,;

4i1 Lit'Um".iG11:IJUfI1:IJ1",1i1 Nn um".itlm'lll{J L:IJ't17nef

1.

[A II] flm.!JItl'UUJ'Y17nef A lii lvl1t1L:lJfl7nefLelnantim 5j

whmm7neUl",li\'U".itl
'II

ij9i"lU){J L:lJfl7nef A
2.

LtI tI'UL:lJfl7nef [A II] v1':1t1m".i4i1Lit'Um".iG11:IJLLfI1'iil'Um:::rt{JL:IJ'Y17n,n"'3.h) \'U t1 L:IJ

Lelnantim liielvl1t1L:IJ't17nef 0 fia [II OJ

l{J A fia 0
a{JUJ't17nef'll
3. Gi1Nn 'Um".ifltlt'll
'
'II

"' ...

11
1
0

11

-7
0

17
--

11
1

-7

11

11

17

3
1
5 5

1,

'0

..!.R
1

17

-1

iI.:::'U'U A llGmmN'U

tjtfmnf1cR7NnNum7AOI/1IE1"",ln7nWf"lIm7';1,aum7"1aJUIl7
.,

'iil{J",1 A (mll)

11

'Ul n'iil1 nn1".i",1 G11 N nN'Un1".itl tit'lll{J L :IJ't1".in"lJ'iil 1 n1lf'll1 {J G1'ULL 1 l".i1 tI{J 81 :lJ1".ifl
0,,;

M a tr i x I313

a - Alpha Mathematics

-17

[A Ila]

Lin ear E qua t ion s an d

-2J

[:
2 -22 2
:]

2
-2
-[: 2 2 2
:]
2 -22 2

2 2
2
2

2
2 2

'''fI 37 m",'U \", A

0

-2

5
3
5

11

5
3
5

5
R2

17

5
3
5

-5

11

17

5
3

R2+ R1

17

Rl + "2R2' Ra - 3R2

-5

-5Ra

3141

s y s te m

of

Li near

E qua t ion s

and

M a t r ix

1 11 9ii

i 1 ::

11' 1 "

,oj

11'

..

1 :: 11' 1 '\.I, '\.I, 'YI S Y s

te m

0f

Linear

a - Alpha Mathematics

..I
(A'UltI1"f1 38
I

'J6f11

1 '"

nTV\'\.I,Glb'VI A

b'\.l,El.:J"1n det(A)

o
-2

-1

-1

o
o

-1

_ Q"j

Q"j

1 0

0 0

1 0 0 1

1 0

-2

1 0

2
1

3
2

1
3

-1

-1

-2

-2
1

2
5
0 -2

2
3
-2

o
o

5
0 -2

0 0 1.

-2

0 0 0

-2

-..!. _.t

-1

-..!.
2

1
2

0 0
0 0 0
o

o
o

o
2

3
-2
2

.!. 1

2 2

0
o

2
--

R3

.!.
3

13

2
3
5

o
o

3
1
3
-1

2
o
3
-5 3

0
3
-1

0 0-4

-5

-6

-1

-1

0 0 0

-1

-1

-4

-5

-6

-1

-1

-1

-1

0 0

-5

1
3

0 0 -1

-1

0 0 0

1.
1

-2
0

2
2

1
2

3
-2

3
-2

0 0 1

- 1
3

0 1

0 0 0

0 0 0

'0

2 2

o 0 0 0

0 0 0

1
3

0 0 0

3JGl1 m.j'\.l,

O'

-1
o

2 2

-1

o 0 0 0

-2

1 1

-1

.t
1 \1,::'\.1,'\.1, A

4
A

and

M a t r i x 1 315

a - Alpha Mathematics
2

....

E qua t ion s

-5

3361 s ysta m

f Linaa r E qua nonsan d

M a t r i x .. ., 1

i ., :: ll' 1 U U '1'1 s yste m

<X. - Alpha Mathematics

...
.
.,j
f1'JUJ1""

f Lin ear

x+2y = 4

2x+?y=7

-1
1
0
0
11 5 5 1 1 1
-5 5 :1

39 ,;).JLLrl"::1J1J 3Jm.,

-2

A=

=2

qua t ions'a
(l- Alpha Mathematics

3
-5

-2
-5

[1 ]
1[ 1 ] [ 1 ]
[: :][:] [:]
[ 7][: ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[1 01] [x] [ 1 ] [4],
2

..

';)::tCil dat(A) = 1

A1 =-

-2

-2

-2

-2

,
, ,

-2

[:] [ ]

-2

7,

itufia ti1Cila1J"1Il.J"::1Jm 3Jm., n1V1UCilfia (x. 'yo z) = (1. -1. 2)

i'

I! ...
111""

x-2y+3z

......

'J6"1

2x+ y - z+2t =-16

=9

-x+3y

=-4

2x - 5y+ 5z

= 17

[ 1 11 [: ]
[ 1 - 5 :1

3x+ 4y+ t

...

5x+2y- z-t

-2

-2

A=

=3

14 -10 1 x -16
15 -1 -1
14 -10
6
5 -1 -1
2

-5

.1

=1 '

x+ 5y+2z+6t= -3

"' 1'1
..In1V1UCil L"1IlIU
''
';)1m::1J1J 3Jm.,'t1
3Jm"L3J't1"'l1 LCilLlJU

.,

41 ,;).JLLm::1JlJ 3Jm.,

3
'

5 "

..'. det(A) =2

A=

-3
3

li

338ISyste m of Linear Equa tions and riIIa triX11"1t'ii i1::1l'1

t ., t Ii 1 " " 't1Sy s te m of L i,near Equa t ions an d M a t r, i x 1339

(l Alpha Mathematics

<X- Alpha Mathematics

1 A- lfltl1inT1fhd:twl1lJlJ.m

[A 111

1 -1

2 1 0 0 0

10

60 0 1 0

2 -1 -10 0 0 1

0 0

60 0

1 0

1 -1

2 -1 -10 0 0 1

0 0 0

60 0

-3

0 -2

o ,-23 -11 -31 0 0 -5

o -11
o

-9

-6

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-170
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60

0 -23 -11 -310

o
o
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11

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11

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o

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71

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71
71

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33

13

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43

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17

11

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9

11

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71

784

71

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if n11f1m "@lfHl
AI

141

71

..

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71 -50 -49

''

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=1..

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11

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11

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--

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11

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71 -50 -49

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11
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71
71
71

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71
71

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312

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3401$ystem of

l ha
CX- Ap

CX -Alpha
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M a tr:ix'l11

nl}!JEl"FJ71&IJElf
Q"oio

mm1t1f1 fl1'UJEl1 (Gabr

r

jill(

;1:\

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-2

4
2 2
Z = .1.--__--'-

det(A)

'YI1)>>UUYI (n{l'llEl.:lfl11L2Jof)
..J...

.!"I
. 1 1 tI AX =B LlJ'Uft"3Jm1UJ
, LLfI:::: n ....1LLlJ1
.1 ... nft"3Jm1'
., l3J
..
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L3JElI
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b,
b

LLI:: B = r

x+y+z

=0

2y-z +t

=4

y-2z-2t

=3

'

n1 det(A)

det(AJ
det(A2)
det(A,)
X2 - det(A) ' , Xn - det(A)
det(A)'
B 'YIn
fiE! L3J'YI1n'[ li"1nm1LL'YI'U'VIan j 'lIE!-1 A 1tJVlan'1lE1-1
.
.
X1

LilEl

A=

-1

-2

-2

-1

'
-2

3x+y-2z

=5

2x+2y+z

=4

A=

y=

x=

-1

-2

-2

-2

-1

-2

-2

-2

.,-1

-2

det(A)
1

-2

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-2

det{A)

-28
-7

21

- -7

=4

y=

-1

-2

-2

-2

-1

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9
0

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0
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.

..,..2

-2

.-1

-2

-2

-2

-2

=-3

\li tf'U l tln!]'lI,E!.;JflnL3JE!f ,,::li"h

det(A)

-3

=9

-2

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x=

X=

-1

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-2

[: : l [J [:']
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LttE!.;J';l1n det(A)

ih;,
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, X=

= -2

x- 3z

-1

-2

-2

-2

-1

-2

det(A)

-1

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-2

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=-1

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1, 2, ...,

3421 S y s te m

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f Li n ear E q 1.1 a t ion s an d

'0

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a - Alpha Mathematics

z=

t=
U.\.j,flfJ
.t. ..

fI

M a tr i x 1 343

a Alpha Mathematics
..

-2

-2

-2

"'1LI1Io'UrJ'l "'IfR11JlUI 'J

del(A)

rl aU\l:flnl!t1't1ql!t 1lfJ tiW";\11m1 tl1fJ ti1-3m1LLn1:1J1JR1I n11.L'i.,'l U'U.LLfI:::n11cii1, it""m1";1J

4
3

-2

-2

-2

R3J1'inflsi3Jl.h:::i't1ha-31:1J1JR3Jn11L'i.,'lbftu.LLfI:::'VIanll!ill'i1uflafi.1fl.:Jtl1tU. :::1J1JR m1

=-4

-1

-1

-2

-2

-1

-2

-1

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del(A)

fI

45 \l.:JLLn1:1J1JR1Im1
x+y+2z
2y - 7z

=2

,9

:; -17
=0

3x+6y- 5z

.,In 1'V1Wilfll
.. (X, Y. z t) = (5 -1
, -4.2)
,
191l1JllfJ,\m:1J1JRlI m1't1
.

1:1J1JR1Im1L'i.,'lLftu.
x+y+2z

i'Jef.h,,

A!!

44 ';l-3u.n1:1J1JR tl11

2y - 7z

x+2y+z

=5

X+3y+2z

x+4y+3z

=11

.,I

3x + 6y - 5z

"

'"

<II

'"

Lu.l-3';l1n det(A)

=1

1li'Y1

..(1)

=-17

..,,(2)

.. (3)

th'lR3Jn11 (1) LLI:::1l1LL9il:i1.,'l1ll.,'lR3Jn11'Umnn1J

mni1UNI m1ll.,'l r3 ";1J
=9

...(1)

2y- 7z

=-17

...(2)

3y - 11z

=-27

.. ,(3)

.r
""
:'1
nD1lfJ-3flTlL1Il.. u.'VI1n
det(A) lIfl1LlJU.

R3Jm1 (2)

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<II

x+y+2z

1i ';l:1il'flmfi9il1t1 L11';l:'t1'n1J11 tu.1J1.,'lmm det(A) Lilu. o. LLa1L1101\l\l:Vl1ti191fl1J1l0.:J

R1In111iLilU\l:nfl191l1J1lS-3R1In11111n1l1U

3y

- 2Z
..

11z

=9
=

, .. (1)
17
2

=-27

... (2)

... (3)

Liltl'lh

(3)

LLCl1't1 3 mnil1UNlflm1l
l.,'l
'II

(1)

"f,.,'l1:1J1JR3Jm1t'VI3.lLYlstii3JU1:i't1f1ll.,'l

Lilu.

(3)

.,I

<II

[: :

2 '

-7

=0

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.... .,I

d'1\I1:1J1JR3Jm1t'VI3.lLYlfJtii3Jlh:i't1hfJ.,'l X tu.R3Jm1
(3)

f'1
AX = B L1Il
'JD't11 \l1m::1JmUlmnm1'V1u.il l1ltJu.R1Im1L1I't11n".ll LilLlJU.
0

tu.R3Jm1

(2)

9
-17

-3

'

'Uflm11u.1u...f'.,'l
'II
.,I

'

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Lilu.

LilU1l1

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em
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st

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a. Alpha Math

(3) bilu 0 1 El\t1 3 '11

=> ftTl.:J7::UUfl3Jn17'1.'jJUJL l'l. i3J117:ifl{'iIl.:J y 'I.Ufl3Jn17

fll.:J-n1 'iI'l 3Jn17 (2)

'
"

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...

x+y+2z
7

y. "2z
2

..

. (1)

...(2)

... (3)

=> ftTl.:J7::UUfl3Jn17'1.l'IliLl4a'I. i3J117::i'Ylf.nl.:J z h/'fl3Jn17

ftl.:J-n1.:J"lIl.:Jft3Jn17 (3)

..I

..

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=9

- t
17 "
-2
"2
( ')

.t

... (3)

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A

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...

a 21 X1 +a22 X2 + ... +a2n Xn

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.
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A

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a.2

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fli

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A,

!ila'l1d'

yj1ttl'l1fh au'i 1Elni1LLfil::fl3J1 n'ill.:J

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1 U7::UUft3Jn17L"ll'.:J
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3, Ll1 tlULLm

17
2

a. Alpha Mathematics

1 , ft UflLLCl1fl I LLfil:: J 'iII.:J

(3) Lilu 1 1 tI'Il1

L71-;)::'"h 7::UUfl3Jn17L .:JLftU ii1l'1U

1.y =2,

LLCl1'Yl 3 flmmtl
2
'\I

ft3Jn17'Yl (3) fJm 1t1 2

x =

Equa t

X n UJfl7n.u

opr
e

..I,

'"

'

=9

=-

.1z

'I.i A Lilu m

LLCl1fl 3 1I1n 1t1\l.jl m'ila.:J -3 LLCl1fl2

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t cs

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of

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of Linear Equa t ions and M a t rix111<ru lhtlr1

a - Alpha

Mat hemat ics

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of Linear Equa t ions a nd M a t rix 1347

l
v e
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cnm11 ijL:IJ't1;n<J1d'LiI'U.L:IJ't17nclLL

L
:IJn ::fl1t 'VI1fi191ElU"lJEl 1::UUft':IJn11t'U.i'U.91El'U.W, 9In1tI

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lJl'1UU1\1f1 46 ,mm::UUft':lJm1

1}6fh

2x- y + 3z

=-2

-x+ y+ z

=-0

3x- 2y

=0

l TVI'U.9I L#.UV'U.L:IJ't17n<J1LL L9i:IJLLt'l::l1Ym1fi1Lit'U.m!9I13JLLm' i ii

l1m::uuft':lJm'Jilri

[-12-1 -[. 2 -1
-200 -200
- [ : = : : ' :]
-[-: :':]
]
2
:
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:[ 0 -
1

III1UlR'(i},n'l

-1

Q,::'U.'U. z = -1,

12

Ra

=-2
=-1

Y =-2- 5z = 3, x = Y + z = 2

= 10

x- 3y- z- 2t

= -2

3x- 2y+3z+4t

,,"4

2x+ y+ z+3t

= 6.

1m::UUft'3Jn11 rh'VI,"9I L;jV'U.L:IJ't');ncll.1ti\lLii3JLLfiI::11Yn11 1Lit'U.m!9113JLLm'tii\ld'

--

=0

y+5z

2x + y- z- 3t

--11-2-2
44

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L:IJ't17n<J1ft'9In1t1LiJ

x- y- z

...

!JEln

47 ';l\lLLn1::UUft3Jn1!

UElnfi191ElU

ft3Jn11tti't1,.,n LLt'l::fi191Bud'nLiI'U.fi1 f)U"lJB 1::UU ri1'V1'U.9I Q,:: 'U. 1'U.mmL"li'U.L11B1 UBn'

11" fi191BU"lJB 1::UUft'3Jn11 ri1'V1'U.9I'ijfl1L'Yh t9l1il !J'1I f)\I ;jtI'U.1::UUft3Jn11 1m:IJ't11ncl '1l'U.

L:IJ't1;ncl 9In1vLiI'U.L:IJ't1;n<J1LLti L :IJ"lJEl.n::uUft3Jn11 fiEl x = 2, y = 3, z = -1

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Lit a 1nfh91 au"lJB 1::UU W3Jn11d'L i1'U.fi191 aU 9I Lil v1nu fi191au"lJa 7::U UW:IJn17
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12
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22

44
10 -1-21
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7

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1
14

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3x + 5y

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i

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1 -1

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1

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x+z

2x - 3y + 5z

1 -1

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6

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6

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4

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a - Alpha Mathematics

a - Alpha Mathematics

51 -;J,mn,.::lJlJft3Jm,.

=2

4x + 4y + 2z + t=4

-x + 2y + 8z

=4

x + 2y + 3z + 4t= 2

2x + 5y + 20z

= 10

3x

-+

Y + 4z

,2x - 4z - 7t

=-1

2x + 8y + 32z = 16

ih;, ;l1n1::lJlJl.nm1,. rhVlu L:ntlUL3Jfl1n4uti{JLi13JLL ::H'm"'ihLitum" 13JLLm'tl {Jd'

3

4
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4

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32
16

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R4

-8 -4

R3 - R2 R4 - R2

'il::n9i x =a LLil!: y + 4z =2

i{J ,ru L"lJ fi1 alJ".IJa,m:lJlJft3Jm,. n1V1u

-15 '- 4

-8 -4

a {(x. y, z)1 x =a LLa:: y + 4z = 2}

={(a, 2 -4 c, c)1 c E R}

-1