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, -

4.

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,

5. (Versatility) :-

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1.4

3,000 :

(Abacus)

(Charlcs Babbage)

1980

(Punch card)

1940

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(IBM)

.. 1942 :

ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and

computer)

ENIAC

..

(Stored Program

Concept)

1949 EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage

Automatic Calculator)

(EDVAC, Electronic Discrete Variable

Automatic Computer)

1951 -I(UNIVAC, Universal Automatic Computer)

10

1.4.1

1940

(1940-1955)

(Vaccum Tube)

(CRT)

1946 ENIAC 18,000

:-

(1)
(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(1955-1964)

(Transistor)

:-

(1)

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11

core)
(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)

(6)

(964-1975) -

1964 1975

(IC)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1975-1989)

(LSI)

(LSI)

1971 (Ted Haff)

(1)
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12

(3)
(1989-)

1989

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Integrated Circuit)

(Artificial

intelligence)

(Robot)

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(Param)

1.4.2

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15

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18

(1)
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19

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21

2. -

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4.

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1.

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................................................................................................................

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................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

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................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

4. ?

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

1.9

, ,

1.10

)CPU)

22

 )Control Unit(

)ALU)

)Memory Unit(
)Hardware)

) Software)

1.11
1. . .
2004

2. V. Rajaraman : Fundamentals of computers, PHI publication, 2006

3. , .. : ,

, 1996

4. P.K Sinha : Computer Fundamental, BPB Publications 2002

1.12
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

23

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4

2.3

2.4

2.2.5

2.3.1

2.4.1

2.3.1.1
2.3.1.2

2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2

2.4.2

2.4.1.3

2.4.2.1

2.4.2.2
2.4.2.3
2.4.2.4
2.4.2.5 -
2.5

2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

2.4.2.6

2.5.1
2.5.2

24

2.0

1.
2.

(CPU) (ALU)

( )

3. ( )
4.

2.1

( )

( )

1.
2.

(Personal computer)

()

( ) -

3.

4.
25

5.
6.

()
()

2.2

1.
2.
3.

: -

: -

: -

4. : -
5.

: -

( )

2.2.1

(Input)

( )

2.2.2

(Storage)

26

2.2.3

(Processing)

()

:
2.2.4

(Output)

:

2.2.5

(Controlling)

2.3

( )

2.3.1

(Central Processing Unit)

1. (ALU)
27

2.

(CU)

2.3.1.1 (Arithmetic Logic unit)

, , ,

(Control Unit)

2.3.1.2

2.4

(1) (Primary Memory)

(2)

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, ,

28

 0 1,
,

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(KB)

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MB, 1GB

29

2.4.1.1 (RAM)
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,
, ( ) ,

1.

2. -
,

2.4.1.2

(ROM)

(Read Only

Memory)

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3. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only

Memory)

2.4.1.2.1

(PROM)

(PROM- Programmable Read Only Memory)

30

2.4.1.2.2

(EPROM)

(Ultra- violet

rays)
2.4.1.2.3

(EEPROM)

2.4.1.2.3

(Cache Memory)
(Access time)

(Cache)

2.4.2

(Secondary or External Memory)

2.4.2.1 (Magnetic tape)

31

12.5mm 25mm 500 1200

mm-
10
2400 ,

800-6200

18

2.4.2.2 (Magnetic Disk)

(Random Access

Storage)

,

2.4.2.3

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5.25

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MB 3.5 1.44 MB
32

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/ '

:
3600-7200

1 ., 20..,

4 .., 80.., 16..

.
. . (File Allocation Table)

33

2.4.2.5 - (CD-ROM)
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,

- (Reflective)

- 650
-

2.4.2.6

(Pen Drive)

16 MB, 64 MB, 128

MB,256MB,512 MB 1,GB 2

(USB)

34

2.5

(Peripheral)

2.5.1

(Input Device)
(0 )

2.5.1.1 (Keyboard)

(Command) , (Alphabets keys),

(numeric Keys),

(Arrow keys),

(Special keys) (functional)

101 104

35

2.5.1.2 (Mouse)

(Cursor)

2.5.1.3 (Scanner)

(Text)

(MICR),

(OMR) (OCR)

(MICR)
:

(OMR)

36

(OCR)

OMR

.

2.5.1.4

(games)

,
, , ,

2.5.1.5

2.5.1.6 (Light Pen)

(Photosensitive) (Tip)

37

( )

2.5.2

(Output Devices)

(1) (Soft Copy)

(Monitor)

(2) (Hard copy)

2.5.2.1

(Visual Display Unit Or Monitor)

(Diagonal)

9 , 12 , 14, 15, 17,19, 21

-

2.5.2.2 (Printer)

( )

38

(1) (Impact Printer)

(2) - (Non- Impact Printer)

, ,

2.5.2.3 (Plotters)

- -

()

(1)

(2)
(3) -
(4) -

1.

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

39

2. ?

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

3. .

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

2.6

2.7

(Bit)-

0 1

(Byte)-

(Cell)- ' (Intersection)

(Data)-

(organize)

(Input- output)-

(Process)

(User)-

(VDU)- I/O( / )

2.8

1. P.K Sinha : Computer Fundamental , BPB Publication 2002

2. V. Rajaraman : Fundamentals of Computer ,PHI Publication , 2006

40

3. : , , , 2000

4. : . . , ,
2004

2.9

1.
2.

(In Put-Output Devices)

3.

41

4.
5.

- 3

3.0

3.1
3.2
3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2
3.3.3
3.4

3.5

3.6

3.3.4 ,

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.5.1
3.5.2

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.6.3
3.7

3.8

3.6.4

3.7.1
3.7.2

3.9

3.11

3.10

3.0

42

( .)

3.1

, ,

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3.2

- TFT LCD
CRT

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43

,
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,

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44

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3.3.2

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, 20

3.3.3

45

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3.3.4

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46

3.4.1

(DTH)

3.4.2

' ' ' '

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47

- 1

1. ' (. . .)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. ?

......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3.5

3.5.1

48

3.5.2

3.6

3.6.1

' ' ''

, ,

49

3.6.2

3.6.3

, ,

(FCP), ,

3.6.4

50

(ENPS)

- 2

1. . .

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

2. -

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3.7

3.7.1

51

( , )

, ,

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3.7.2

, ' '

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3.8

52

3.9

-
''

- - -

. .. -

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-
,

, ,

53

3.10
1. Ahrens Frank, ABC encouraged by Internet TV Trial. June 2006,
Washington.

2. Securing Converged IP Networks, Tyson Macaulay, Auerbach

2006.

3. New Communication Technology by John Hyden, 2002.

4. Dynamics of Modern Communication by Patrice Flichy, Sage

Pub,1955.

5. Encyclopedia

of

New

Media

an

esssntial

reference

communication and technology by steve Jones, Sage Pub.

to

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/
7. Indiantelevision.com
8. Thehoot.org

3.11

1.
2.

3.
4.

5. - ?
6.

7. -

8.

'

54

-4

4.0

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6

4.7

4.9

4.8

4.10

4.1
4.2

4.11

4.12

4.0

4.1

55

'

, text

.
-

1.
2.

1965- , ,
Exploding Plastic Inevitable
-

1970- - -

1990-

? '

56

(storage space)

CD-ROM Disc

CD-ROM Drive ,

1990 Compression

4.2

, ,

4.3

(Processing)

, - ,

, -
,
- , www.apunkabollywood.com ,

www.bbc.co.uk

., ,
, -

1. :

, ,

- .

57

2. - :

, - , , -
' ' , , ,

' ' '

- , -

, ,

' , -

() ( ) ' '

(sound, text, video, photos)

,
( ) (- )

' ' , , '

'' ' '

, ''

-
- -

1. - (Video,
TV, Internet, CD Player, Telephone, Fax, Printer, Print Media)
-

58

Application

Convergence - (Content)
,

Product Convergence IP TV(Interactive

Protocol TV) .,

, ,

2. - -
-

.

..

- Multi-tasking (

: . -

-
-
(content)

4.4

, ,

59

4.5

) :

1.

2.
3. , ,

multimedia kit CD-driver, sound card, speakers

head phone, mikes ,

multimedia computer
multimedia kit

4.6

1.

2.
3.

4.
5.

6.

7. ...
60

8.

9.

10.

: 15 inch
monitor

curved monitor flat screen

picture

curved screen borders picture

- Monitor,

Cinema scope picture Screen resolution adjust

CDs resolution

inbuilt speaker digital monitor

:

Multimedia CD

24x,48x, 52x CD drive

52x CD 24x Pictures frame

CD drive monitor X represent picture

movie - frames 24x

picture - 52x picture

52 frames picture
frames CD 52x CD Drive

. -
CD-drive
: fcuk sound card

, sound signals

process speaker circuit slot

, sound card mother board

record , , voicemails , internet

sound card

: recording device

Mike recording

Speakers; Multimedia 83 noise-level speaker

musical

- speaker

: Processor

61

(i) Speed of CPU

(ii) RAM Random Access Memory

P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4

700

MHz 700 Million

P-3 Category processors
P-4

(1 GHz or 1000 MHz)

,

(Random Access Memory)

RAM

RAM

, RAM ( )

RAM 128 megabytes

- - 64MB, 128MB, 512MB, 1GB

RAM

52X 512MB

(52x) RAM

RAM

- :

- -

(Secondary)

( )

- 20 GB, 40 GB, 80

GB, 160 GB, etc.

3 MB
1 GB 80 GB

62

 Coral Draw HDD 700 MB

1 GB

2 CDs 3-4

; CD-ROM; Audio- Compact Disc

Binary-Digital

CD-ROM 700

text, graphics, audio Video

, catalogues, manuals games

Standard CD ROM 240 1170

r.p.m , data standard

data gigabytes data

CDs

double-sided disc

Compact Disc : 12c.M/4.5 - digital information storing

Disc playing time

CD, plastic coating

metal disc, microscopic disc

digital code , playback

. 1996 2

2-layers 16
. 1983

( , , , )

' -

63

1.

2.

3.

'

(16000 32000

, ,

, - , , ,
15

(i) ; format (

(ii) .. . ;

format digital format

(iii) Codec Compression :

format

format Code

(iv) .... (Moving Picture Experts Group) format:

compressed format

CD-ROM MPEG - MPEG 1.5

Megabites CD-ROM

(v) ... ;

(vi) ... (Flash Video) format :

, - -

(vii) .-. ; (Windows Media Video) format :

- .

64

4.7

: , , , ,
,

: -, ,

: , , , ,

4.8

, , ,

, (information processing)

( , ., ) :

( ) , ,

65

, ,

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( )

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- .
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Software Defined Radio (SDR)

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,
-

.. ,

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66

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Non-linear editing (NLE)

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67

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.

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68

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69

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70

......................................................................................................................

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4.9

4.10

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71

';

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WYSISYG: , ,

4.11
www.digitalfilms.com

www.3dtextmaker.com

www.wikipedia.org/wiki/multimedia
www.animationfactory.com

4.12

1. - ?
2. -
3.

4.
5.

72

-5

5.0

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

5.5

5.7

5.6
5.8

. ..

5.8.1
5.8.2

5.8.3

5.8.3

5.9

5.10

5.11
5.12
5.13

5.8.4

5.14

5.0

. ..,

73

5.1

80

90

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2.

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1. P-111 , 32 MB RAM
2.
3.

4. V.G.A

17'' 20 GB HDD

5. CD Drive/CD , ,

5.4

1. -
2.
3.

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4. -
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5.
6. ...

5.5

75

, ,

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,

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1.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................

76

......................................................................................................................

5.6

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1.
2.

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3. - ,

4. - , ,

77

5.6.3

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2
3

5.8

5.8.1

78

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

7.
8.

9.

10.

11.

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81

5.8.2

+N

+S

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( )

82

83

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5.8.3

84

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85

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OK

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86

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OK

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OK

87

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-

88

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Ctrl+U

89

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90

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2.

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5.
6.

5.9

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91

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2.

3.

4. ,

5. , - ()

5.10

92

, , ,

1.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. -

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

5.11

,

5.12

, , ,
93

5.13
1. Alan B, Albarran and Donald H, Gaff (2003) : Understanding the
Web, Surjeet Publication, New Delhi.

2. Panda, KC and Goutam, JN (1994) : Info Technology (IT) on the

Cross Road: From Abecu to Internet, Y.K Publisher, Agra.

3. (2006) :

, ,

4. : ,

5.

6.

5.14

, ,
,

1.

2.
3.

4.
5. ''

''

6. . ( )
7.

: -

1.
2.

3.

4.

94

-6
- ,

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.1

6.3.1
6.3.2
?

6.4

6.5

6.7

6.6
6.8
6.9

6.10
6.11

6.11.1
6.11.2

6.12
6.13

6.11.3

6.13.1
6.13.2

6.13.3

6.13.4

6.13.5
6.13.6
6.14
6.16
6.17

6.13.7

95

6.0

6.1

-
,

-
( )

6.2

1.

2.

3.

96

6.3

, (

, ,

, . ... (HTML)

(HTTP Protocol)

(Web server)

(Web

browser) (online)

(WWW)

(Home page)

1.

- (Front-end) -

2. - (back-end) -

97

6.3.1

:-

, - ,

6.3.2

98

6.4

, ,

, , ,
,

, ,

, ,

, , -

,
,

()

, ,

( ) , ,

, -
,

6.5

, , , ,

( )

2002 -

-
,

99

, , .

, , -
-
-

, ,

6.6

,

,
,

( )

, ,
,

, ,
,

6.7

'

100

- ,

( ) ,
, , ,

, , -

6.8

- ' , ,
,

101

, ,

1.

, , ,

2.

3.

4.
, ,

6.9

1970- 1980
,

1980 ,

1981

1983

(AT & T)

, ,

1998 50 40000

, ,

1994

450

102

1998 4700

6.10


,

, ,

1990

' ' , 1995

1998 48

, , ,

, ' ', ' ' ' '

6.11

(1)
(2)

(3)
6.11.1

(i) (Static website)

(ii) (Dynamic website)

(i) (Static website) : ,

- (Hrad

103

Coded) (on-line brochure)

(ii) (Dynamic website) :

(database) ''

''

- ,

-
(database web server)

6.11.2

(i)

(Personal website)

(ii) (Commercial website)

(iii) (Government website)

(iv) (Selfhelp groups website)

(i)

(Personal website) : ,

, , ,
-

. ...

(ii) (Commercial website) : ,

- amazon.com

(iii) (Government website) :

rpsc.gov.in

(iv) (Selfhelp groups website) -

- ,

6.11.3

(i) (Search engine website) :- ,

google.com

(ii) (Employment site) :-

naukari.com

104

(iii)

(Education website) -

indiaresult.com, oxford,edu

(iv) (Download website) - ,

, -

hindilyrix.com

(v) (Geodomain website) :- ,

Richmond.com

(vi) (Game website) :- ''''

, msn games,

Pogo.com

(vii)

(News website) :- ,

ddnews,gov.in

(viii) (Rating website) :-

(ix)

businessstandard.com

(Directory site) - -

- -

105

yahoo.com

(x) (Hyumer site) - , -

santabanta.com

(xi) (Mirror computer site) :

(xii) (Political site) -

bjp.com,congress.com

(xiii) (Grip site) -

, ,

greatman.com

6.12

(Visitor)

-

1.

, ,

2. 3D- -

3.

106

4. -

- '
' '

5.

6. (Background)

7. (Homepage) ,
,

8.
-

(Text)

(Graphics)

(Audio)

(Vedio)

(Database)

, : :-

- . ... (HTML),
(J.S.P)

page)

(Java Script), ..,

- (Front page), (Active server

- (Microsoft Explorer),

(Netscape Communication)

- . .. (File Transfer Protocol) . . .. (Hyper text

Transmission Protocol)

- .. (MS-Access), (SQL Server)

107

6.13
: :

6.13.1 (Web Server) :

1. ...(Common Gateway Interface)

(External Mini Programs)

2. (Configural)
,

6.13.2 (Web page) :

. ... (
,

, :

108

 :-

html

: .htm

, ,

:-

, (ADO) (ODBC)
, (HTML)

, (ASP) (JSP)

6.13.3 (Home page) :

(contents) (hyperlink)
(click)

6.13.4 . (HTTP) :

. . .. (HTTP) '

, .

. ..(HTTP)

6.13.5 (World wide web or www)

1989

(European Particle

Research)

(Text based

prototype) 1991 1991 91

, (USA)

109

 , , ,
,

(access) ,

(client programs)

, ,

- , (address) ,

6.13.6 (Web browser) :

(lynx)

, 1992

(Netscape Navigator)

(Internet Explorer)

1.

:-

... (Uniform Resource Locator or URL)

2. (FTP) (Gopher)
, (Usenet news) -

6.13.7 ... (URL)

,

? -

URL - http://www.rediffmail.com
(:)

: - . ..(FTP)

(Gopher) URL

(//)

110

, (.html)

- (case-sensitive) ,
- (upper case) (lower case)

(symboles)

1.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

3. ?

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4. - ?

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

6.14
-
,

10- 15

111

6.15
1. (Address Bar)-

2. (Access Time)-
3.

(Clint)-

(request)

4. (Server)-

5. (URL)-

... ,

6.

(Hyper Text)-

, ,

7. (Hyper Link)-

8. (HTML)-

, ,

9. (Internet)-

10. (Home page)-

11. (Web page)- /

12. (Website) - ,

112

13. (WWW) -

6.16
1. Dr. Ranjit Singh and Ajeet Singh Poonia : Technology, CBS, 2005.

2. : , ... , ,
2005.

3. K.L James: The Internet a users Guide, PHI, 2003

4. C.Xavier : Web Technology and Design, New age International

publication,2005.

6.17
1.

? ?

2. ? ?
3. ?

4. ?

5. ?

113

-7
: ,

7.0

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8

7.9

7.0

7.1

-,

- ,
,

114

20-25
, 21

- --

-- (

) -
,

24
,

- ,

-
-

( )

115

: -

1957

( )

1958

ARPA)

)ARPA (

1962
-

1965 '

1972 ARPANET
1974

1984

' ' '

1990
-

--

1992

1998 . .
)ISP (

1999 )ISTF (

2000 . ) (

12

116

7.2

:
1945 ,

- -

' , ,

'

,
2007
2008 11
- 25.20 5.3

1.3 (17

) - (31.2%)

(4.5

) 29.42

(15.7%)

(8.7%) (7.4%)

(5%), (5%), (4%) (2.9%)

7.3

: ,

- ,

-

1. : -

, ,

2. : ,
-

' , ,

3.

117

. :

- , ,

4. : -
,

2 ..

, , .,

5. :
,

6. (VSAT) :

7. (WIMAX) : '
, , , ,

,
,

118

7.4

, , , .. ,

- -
-

21 '

1. :

2.

: ,

3. :

119

4.

5. - :

6. :
-

, , -, ,

, , ,

,
, ,

-

- ,

- -

, ,
,

-

-

, -

, -

120

 2000
-

7.5

,


( )

, , ,

Virtual syndrom
,

121

120 ../

, -

,

99

99

122

( )
,

- -, ,

... --

'Third Wave'
,

, ,

-
(- )
,

- ,
-

9 5
,

123

..

1.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4.

......................................................................................................................
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7.6

' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

,
,

7.7

,
, -

: ,

- -

124

, - .

- ,

: , -
,

:
,
, ,

: - ,
www.wikipedia.org ,

: -
-

- :

, - -

- , ,

- ,

, - , ,
, -

: ,

ISDN :
, , ,

125

Search Engine : ,

a9.com,ask.com,goole.com

Cracking :
-

- -

Browser : ,
,

Server :

Hacking :

Bandwidth :

URL :
( ) : www.timesofindia ...

Cyberspace :

Webpage :

Blog :
, , ,

- www.blogger.com

Broad Band :

2004

7.8

2 MB

www.goole.com : , -

www.blogger.com :

126

www.samachar.com :

www.agencyfaqs.com :

www.freetranslation.com :

www.wikipedia.com :

www.sourceaid.com :

www.scholar.goole.com :

--

7.9

1.

2. 15

3. ?
4.

127

-8
:

8.0

8.1

8.2
8.3
8.4

8.5

8.6
8.7

8.8
8.9

8.10

8.0

8.1

, ,

128

8.2

-, , , ,

, , ,

8.3

1962

(DARPA : Defence

Advance Research Project Agency)

1969

(ARPANET : Advance Research Project Network)

1970

/ (Transmission

Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

1973 110

1983 562

129

0 1
0 1

1984 -

( -) ,

, ,

8.4

1984 ,

. ,

. 8
32 64

- 36

130

, ,

( )

2.4, 4.8, 9.6

- 14.4,28.8,33.6 56

8.5

1978

(ERNET)

(VSNL)

1990

131

- ,

...,

1984

, ,

-

, , ,

- -

8.6

- - , - , -

132

1.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

2.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

4. ?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

8.7

,
,

133

8.8

- 3

8.9

1. (2003) : : ,
, ,

2. (1998) : ,

3. (2003) : , ,

4. Om Gupta and Ajay S.Jasra (2002) : Internet Journalism in India

5. Arnold, John (2007) : E-mail Marketing for Dummies

8.10

1.

2.

3.
134

4.

135

- 9

9.0

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

9.10

9.11

9.12

9.0

9.1

136

2000 -

-
(CD)

700
(DVD)

4.5

20

- -

(CRT)

(LCD Panel) ,

2.1, 5.1

9.2

1991

(www)
1993
1994

137

(HTTP)

1995

1991

(ERNET)

1995 1998

1995

-
95

- 1996

1999

' '

-
2000

9.3

, , ,

, ,

( )

138

, ,

( ) :

- 1

1.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3. ?

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

9.4

(Dual Core/Core 2 Duo), (1GB

/ 2GB)

(Windows xp/Linux)

(512kbps)

? Kbps

Bit Bit Byte

,
-

139

' '

(BBC), (CNN)

, (AOL), (VOA)

- ' ' ' ' -

9.5

1993

WXYC

1994

1994

Net F.M.net

140

'

13 ,

1998 Vinyl Lounge

1994

(RTHK)
1996

Guy W. Giuliaon

1997

25 , 1998

2006

9.6

ABC

CU-Seeme

1998
1999
IPTV

(DSL)

2006 IPTV

IPTV

2006

AT&T U-Verse IPTV

300

IPTV

(DTH)
IPTV
-

141

- 2

1.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. (I.P.T.V)

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3. ?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

9.7

, , ,

,
, , , , , -,
,

, , ,

- ,

' '

IPTV

142

9.8

(TRAI) 256 Kbps

2Mbps

(STB)

-
-

9.9

, ,

143

9.10

' '

, , ,

MPEG2

)Linear (

, ,

144

IPOD

9.11
1. Ahrens Frank, ABC encouraged by Internet TV Trial. June 2006,
Washington.

2. Securing Converged IP Networks, Tyson Macaulay, Auerbach 2006

3. New communication technology by Jhon Hyden,2002

4. Dynamics of Modern Communication by Patrice Fliichy, 1995, Sage

Publication

5. Encyclopedia

of

New

Media

An

essential

reference

to

communication and technology by Steve Jones,Sage Publication

6. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radio
7. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_radio

8. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web-television
9. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTV

10. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_media

9.12
1.

2.

3.
4.

145

?
?

5.

146

- 10

10.0

10.1
10.2

10.2.1
10.2.2

10.3

10.2.3

10.3.1
10.3.2

10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9

10.3.3

10.10

10.0
-

147

10.1

10.2

10.2.1

8087

8088 ,

148

-
-

10.2.2

149

10.2.3


-
- - -

,
,

10.3

-
-

10.3.1

150

, ,

24

, ,

10.3.2

, , ,

, ,

, ,

151

10.3.3

, , ,

( ),

10.4

152



, ,

, ,

, ,

, , , , ,

10.5

, ,

153

10.6

1. - ?

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

2.

......................................................................................................................

3.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

10.7

154

, , -

10.8

10.9
1. (2003) : : ,
, ,

2. (1998) : ,

3. (2003) : , ,

4. Om Gupta and Ajay S.Jasra (2002) : Internet Journalism in india,

Kanishka Publisher, NewDelhi

5. (2006) :

10.10

, , ,

1.
2.

3.

155

- 11
- -

11.0

11.1

11.2

11.2.1 -

11.2.2 -
11.3

11.2.3 -
-

11.3.1
11.3.2

11.4

11.5
11.6

11.3.3
-
-

11.7
11.8
11.9

11.10

11.0

- -

11.1

- ?

1984

...

156

 ,

,

..

11.2 -

11.2.1 -

--

-

157

11.2.2 -
-

, - , -

- -

- ,

- -

11.2.3 -
- -

'

1995 - -

,
, , ,

2 , 1996

-
, , -

158

- 1

1. -

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

2. -

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

3. -

......................................................................................................................

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4. -

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......................................................................................................................

11.3 -

, ,

- ( )

159

11.3.1

, ,

160

 - -

11.3.2

-
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11.3.3

1984 -

-)

161

, ,

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11.4 -

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, ,

-
-

162

- ,

11.5 -

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-
-

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163

1. -

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......................................................................................................................

2. -

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

3. -

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

4. -

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

11.6

- -

11.7

- -

? -

11.8

164

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11.9
1. (2003) : ,
, , , 2003

2. : , , 1998

3. : , , ,
4.

2003

. . :
, , 2008

5. Om Gupta and Ajay S.Jasra : Internet Journalism in India,

Kanishka Publisher, New Delhi, 2002

11.10

1. -

2. - - ?
3. -
4. -
5.

: -

1. -

2.

3. -
4.

165

166