P N- THI TT NGHIP 2010-2013

NM 2010
thi
Cu I: (2,0 im):

i cng v khng sinh nhm penicilin:

- Ngun gc
- c im cu trc chung ca nhm
- Phn loi
- C ch tc dng.
Cu II: (3,5 im): Amoxicilin:
- Ngun gc, tnh cht l hc v ha hc
- Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
- Ph khng khun, c im dc ng hc
- Ch nh iu tr.
Cu III: (2,0 im)
1) L bt pha hn dch amoxicilin c cng thc sau:
Amoxicilin trihydrat
1,7 g
Gm Arabic
0,5 g
Aerosil
0,05 g
Natri benzoat
0,06 g
Aspartam
0,05 g
ng trng
15 g
Lactose
12 g
Cht mu
va u
Cht thm
va u
ng l c vch 60 ml.
- Phn tch vai tr cc thnh phn trong cng thc
- Trnh by qui trnh bo ch bt pha hn dch trn.
2) Trnh by nhng ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn ca l bt pha hn dch
amoxicilin trn.
Cu IV: (2,5 im) Cy Thuc phin:
- H, tn latinh ca cy thuc

- Tnh hnh phn b, trng trt thuc phin Vit Nam v trn th gii
- B phn dng
- K tn mt s thnh phn ho hc chnh
- Cng dng, cch dng
- Cc ch phm thng g p.

P N:
p n
Cu I: i cng v cc khng sinh nhm penicilin

im
2,0

(ghi chu: chp nhn vit penicillin)

- Ngun gc: Ch yu tng hp bng phng php vi sinh (sinh tng hp)
hoc bn tng hp t A6AP (6APA)

0,25

- c im cu truc chung: Thuc nhm khng sinh -lactam. Cu trc c

vng -lactam lin hp vi vng 5 cnh (thiazolidin)

0,25

- Phn loi: chia thnh cc nhm sau

+ Nhm cc penicilin t nhin (thng gi l nhm 1): penicilin G,
penicilin V v dn cht trc tip ca hai khng sinh ny (nh penicillin G
benzathin, penicillin G procain)

0,25

+ Nhm cc penicilin bn tng hp khng penicilinase (hay gi l nhm

M): nh methicilin, cc isoxazolylpenicilin (cloxacilin, dicloxacilin ..), nafcilin

0,25

+ Nhm cc penicillin ph rng aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicilin,

amoxicilin)
+ Nhm cc penicillin khng trc khun m xanh (P. aeruginosa): VD cc
carboxy benzylpenicilin (carbenicilin, ticarcilin), ureidobenzylpenicilin (piperacilin,
mezlocillin, azlocillin, ...)
- C ch tc dng:
+ Peptidoglycan l thnh phn c bn to nn tnh vng chc ca vch t

0,25

bo vi khun. Qu trnh tng hp peptidoglycan c thc hin nh enzym Dalanin transpeptidase

+ Cc khng sinh nhm penicilin c kh nng acyl ha cc D-alanin
transpeptidase, lm cho qu trnh tng hp peptidoglycan khng thc hin
c. Sinh tng hp vch t bo b ngng li

0,5

+ Mt khc cc penicilin cn hot ha enzym t phn gii murein

hydroxylase lm tng phn hy vch t bo vi khun. Kt qu l vi khun b
tiu dit
+ Cc vi khun Gram m do vch t bo t peptidoglycan nn t nhy cm
vi cc penicilin. Hn na cc vi khun Gram m c lp v phospholipid bao
ph bn ngoi lm cc penicilin kh thm qua, v vy ni chung cc penicilin
t tc dng trn vi khun Gram m. Tuy nhin mt s penicilin ph rng nh
amoxicilin a nc nn c th i qua cc knh porin trn mng t bo vi khun
Gram m v ni rng ph trn cc vi khun ny

0,25

Cu II: Amoxicillin

3,5

- Ngun gc: Bn tng hp t A6AP (acyl ha A6AP bng D(-)-2-(phydroxyphenyl)glycin

0,25

- Tnh cht l hc
+ Bt kt tinh (tinh th) mu trng, v ng, kh tan trong nc, kh tan
trong cc dung mi hu c (ether, cloroform), tan trong cc dung dch acid
hoc kim long.
+ Hp th UV, IR

0,25

0,25

+ C gc quay cc ring
- Tnh cht ha hc (vit c 2 cho im ti a)
+ C tnh acid
+ D b m vng -lactam bi cc tc nhn kim, -lactamase, cc tc
nhn i nhn
(bn vi acid dch v d dy)

0,50

+ Phn ng ca aminoacid vi TT Ninhydrin hoc TT Fehling

+ Phn ng mu vi tc nhn oxi ha nh H2SO4, TT Marki (HCHO/
H2SO4)
- Phng php nh tnh (vit c 2 cho im ti a)
+ o ph hng ngoi (IR), so snh vi ph ca cht chun
+ Sc k lp mng (so snh vi cht chun i chiu)

0,50

+ Phn ng mu vi TT: H2SO4 m c hoc TT Marki (HCHO/ H2SO4)

+ Phn ng vi hydroxylamin to dn cht acid hydroxamic, sau to
phc mu vi ion kim loi ha tr II, III
- Phng php nh lng: (vit c 1 cho im ti a)
+ PP o iod hoc PP o thy ngn

0,25

+ PP o quang hoc HPLC

- Ph khng khun: Amoxicilin c tc dng vi c vi khun Gram dng v
Gram m
+ Vi vi khun Gram dng:
- Tc dng trn lin cu (Streptococcus), t cu (Staphylococcus), ph cu
(Pneumococcus)

0,25

- B mt hot tnh bi beta lactamase nn hu nh khng c tc dng i

vi cc vi khun tit penicilinase
+ Vi vi khun Gram m:
- Tc dng trn cc chng a kh v k kh Gram m nh Escherichia
coli, Enterococci, Salmonella, Shigella
- Cc chng vi khun khng amoxicilin: Pseudomonas, Klebsiella,
Serratia, Acinetobacter, Bacteroid v cc Proteus indol (+)
- Dc ng hc:
+ Amoxicilin bn vng vi acid dch v nn c th dng qua ng tiu

0,25

ha.
+ Amoxicilin hp thu qua ng tiu ha nhanh v hon ton hn
ampicilin (khi ung cng lng, nng nh trong huyt tng ca
amoxicilin cao gp 2 ln so vi ampicilin). Do c tnh hp thu ny, mc d
amoxicilin v ampicilin c hot ph tng t nhau nhng khi s dng ng
ung nn la chn amoxicilin
+ Thuc phn b nhanh vo cc m v dch c th. Thuc qua c nhau
thai v sa m, vo dch no ty km tr khi mng no b vim

0,25

0,25

+ Thi tr ch yu qua thn

- Ch nh:
+ Cc nhim khun h hp trn do vi khun nhy cm: vim xoang, vim
tai gia, vim ph qun cp v mn, vim np thanh qun

0,25

+ Nhim khun ng tit niu khng bin chng do E.coli

+ Phi hp trong phc iu tr H. pylori

0,25

+ Cc nhim khun khc: nhim khun tiu ha

Cu III
1. L bt pha hn dch amoxicilin
1.1. Vai tr cc thnh phn trong cng thc:
- Gm Arabic: cht gy thm, tng nht ca hn dch.
- Aerosil: Cht chng kt t, tng n nh ca hn dch sau khi pha
- Natri benzoat: cht bo qun
- Aspartam: cht iu v
- Cht mu: kim tra ng nht ca bt trong pha ch, tng hp dn
ca ch phm
- Cht lm thm: iu hng
- ng trng, lactose: t dc n, iu v
1.2. Trnh by qui trnh bo ch:
- Nghin, ry cc t dc qua c ry thch hp (180 hoc 250 )
- Tr n cc b t t dc v dc cht theo nguyn tc ng lng.
Amoxicilin v cht lm thm nn tr n sau cng
- Ry qua ry 250. Ly mu kim tra bn thnh phm.
* Ghi chu: SV khng cn phi ghi chnh xc c ry

2,0

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25

- ng l, dn nhn ng qui nh.

2. Ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn ca l bt pha hn dch amoxicilin
- Tn thuc: tn bit dc, tn gc hoc tn chung quc t
+ Tn thuc phi c ghi m nt, ni bt

0,25

+ Nu ghi tn bit dc th phi c tn gc ho c tn chung quc t km

theo
- Hot cht, hm lng, th tch hoc khi lng:
+ Ghi hot cht v hm lng cho mt n v chia liu nh nht( 5ml).
+ Tn hot cht ghi theo tn gc hoc tn chung quc t

0,25

+ n v o lng c vit tt (ml, mg)

+ Thuc bt ghi khi lng tnh, khi pha thnh dng lng ghi th tch
thc
- S l sn xut, hn dng:
+ Cu trc s l sn xut do c s sn xut qui nh.
+ Hn dng: ghi theo th t ngy, thng, nm ca nm dng lch. Mi
s ch ngy, ch thng, ch nm ghi bng hai ch s, c php ghi s ch nm
bng bn ch s. S ch ngy, thng, nm ca mt mc thi gian phi ghi cng
mt dng

0,25

+ Hn dng trn nhn c ghi y hoc vit tt l HD

- Tn c s sn xut: Tn c s sn xut c th vit tt nhng phi m bo
nhn din c tn c s sn xut. Nu ghi y th phi ghi theo tn ghi
trong cc vn bn php l lin quan n vic thnh lp c s sn xut

0,25

Cu IV

2,50

Cy Thuc phin

1- H, tn latinh cua cy thuc:

Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae
2- Tnh hnh phn b, trng trt thuc phin Vit Nam v trn th gii:

0,25

- Trc y thuc phi n c trng Vi t Nam v nhiu nc trn th gii.

Hi n nay Vi t Nam v nhiu nc cm trng.

0,25

3- B phn dng:
- Nha, v qu: chit alcaloid

0,25

- Ht: p du, s dng trong thc phm

0,25

4- K tn thnh phn ho hc chnh:

- Nha, v qu cha alcaloid:
- Morphin

0,25

- Papaverin
- Codein
- Ht cha du bo

0,25

5- Cng dng, cch dng

- Lm thuc gim au, thuc ng, cha ho, i ngoi. Dng dng cao, cn thuc
phi n

0,25

- V qu rch nha dng trong y hc c truyn lm thuc cha ho, gim

au.

0,25

- Morphin hydroclorid dng tim di da, tim bp

0,25

- Codein dng dng b t, siro, vin

0,25

LN 2-2010
Cu I: (2,5 im)
i cng v nhm thuc gim au, h st, chng vim:
- Phn loi,
- Tc dng, c ch tc dng gim au, h st, chng vim,
- Tc dng khng mong mun.
Cu II: (3,0 im)
Paracetamol:
- Tn khoa hc,
- Phng php iu ch,
- Tnh cht l, ha hc,
- Phng php nh lng,
- Dc ng hc,
- Tc dng, ch nh,
- Chng ch nh.
Cu III: (2,0 im)
1) Cho cng thc vin nn (1 vin):
Paracetamol

500 mg

Tinh bt m

90 mg

Avicel (cellulose vi tinh th)

75 mg

H tinh bt 10%

va u

Natri croscarmellose

25 mg

Magnesi stearat

4 mg

Talc

6 mg

- Nu vai tr cc t dc trong cng thc,

- Trnh by qui trnh bo ch vin nn trn.
2) Trnh by nhng ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn ca v thuc cha 10 vin nn
paracetamol 500 mg.
Cu IV: (2,5 im)
Cy C c dc:
- Tn, h latinh ca cy thuc,
- Phn b,
- B phn dng,
- K tn mt s thnh phn ha hc chnh,
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu dng.

P N _ LN 2_ 2010
p n

im

Cu I: Trnh by i cng v nhm thuc gim au h st chng

vim:

2,5

Phn loi (vit c 5 nhm cho im ti a)

0,25

- Dn cht Acid salicylic

- Dn cht Pyrazolon
- Dn cht Indol
- Dn cht Oxicam
- Dn cht Acid propionic
- Dn cht Acid phenylacetic
- Dn cht Acid fenamic
- Nhm Coxib
- Nhm Aminophenol (dn cht Anilin)
- Dn cht Acid floctafenic

Tc dng v c ch tc dng:
- Tc dng h st
+ C ch h st: cht gy st ngoi lai kch thch bch cu sn xut cht
gy st ni ti, hot ha prostaglandin synthetase lm tng tng hp PGE 1 v
PGE2 t acid arachidonic vng di i gy mt cn bng c ch iu nhit
gy nn st. Thuc c ch prostaglandin synthetase, lm gim tng hp PGE 1
v PGE2, c ch qu trnh sinh nhit, tng cng qu trnh thi nhit, lm h
st.

0,25

+ Tc dng h st: thuc h st do bt k nguyn nhn no v ch c tc

dng iu tr triu chng, khng h thn nhit ngi khng st

0,25

- Tc dng gim au
+ C ch gim au: thuc gim tng hp PGF 2, lm gim tnh cm th
ca ngn dy thn kinh cm gic vi cc cht gy au ca phn ng vim nh
bradykinin, serotonin

0,25

+ Tc dng gim au: gim au t nh n va, gim au ngoi vi, tc

dng tt vi cc loi au do vim. Khc vi nhm opiat, thuc nhm ny
khng c tc dng gim au mnh, khng gim au su trong ni tng, khng
gy c ch h hp, khng gy l thuc thuc khi dng ko di

0,25

- Tc dng chng vim

+ C ch chng vim: thuc c ch enzym cyclooxygenase (COX), ngn
cn tng hp prostaglandin l cht trung gian ha hc gy vim, lm gim qu
trnh vim.
+ C 2 loi COX: COX-1 cn cho tc dng sinh l ca mt s c quan (d
dy, tiu cu, thn); COX-2 c vai tr to PG gy vim. Mt s thuc c ch
chn lc COX-2 t nh hng ti chc nng sinh l bnh thng, gim tc
dng khng mong mun.
Tc dng khng mong mun
- Trn tiu ha: kch ng, au thng v, nng hn l lot d dy t trng,
xut huyt tiu ha
- Trn mu: ko di thi gian ng mu, mt mu khng nhn thy qua phn, tng nguy c chy mu
- Trn thn: gim lu lng qua thn, gim sc lc cu thn, nguy c
nc, tng kali mu v vim thn k
- Trn h hp: gy cn hen gi trn ngi khng b hen hoc lm tng cn

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25

hen ngi hen ph qun

- Cc tc dng khng mong mun khc: mn cm, c vi gan, d tt thai
nhi (nu dng thuc trong 3 thng u), ko di thi k mang thai v chuyn
d, xut huyt khi sinh
Cu II: Paracetamol

3,0

Tn khoa hc:
4-

0,25

- V s ng hoc m t ng: Kh ha p-aminophenol sau acetyl

ha bng anhydrid acetic trong dung mi acid acetic

0,25

- N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)
hydroxyacetanilid

acetamid

hay

p-hydroxyacetanilid

hay

Phng php iu ch

Tnh cht l, ha hc (mi cho 0,25 im, ti a 1,25 im)

- Bt kt tinh trng, khng mi, v ng nh, hi tan trong nc, tan nhiu
hn trong nc si, rt kh tan trong cloroform, ether, tan trong ethanol v cc
dung dch kim. Dung dch bo ho trong nc c pH khong 5,3-5,6;
pKa=9,51.
- Nhn thm hp th nh sng t ngoi, c th ng dng nh tnh v
nh lng
- Ho tnh ca paracetamol l do nhm OH phenolic, nhm chc acetamid
v tnh cht ca nhn thm

1,25

- Nhm OH phenol tc dng vi dung dch mui st III cho mu tm

- Thy phn bng dung dch HCl, thm TT kalibicromat c mu tm
- Thy phn bng dung dch HCl, dch thy phn cho phn ng to phm
mu nit
- un nng vi acid sulfuric c mi acid acetic
Phng php nh lng (vit c 1 cho im ti a)
- Phng php o nit: V c ho, gii phng nit di dng NH 3, cho cht

0,25

ny tc dng vi H2SO4 0,1 N d v nh lng acid d bng NaOH 0,1 N.

- Thu phn bng acid ri nh lng p.aminophenol bng php o nitrit
hoc nh bng ceri IV.
- Bng o ph t ngoi trong mi trng methanol hoc mi trng kim.
Dc ng hc
- Hp thu nhanh, gn nh hon ton qua ng tiu ha, t nng ti a sau
30-60 pht
- Phn b nhanh ti hu ht cc m trong c th. Lin kt vi protein huyt
tng 25%.

0,25

- Chuyn ha gan (oxy ha bi CYP450, lin hp glutathion)

- Thi tr qua nc tiu dng chuyn ha
Tc dng
- Gim au, h st, khng c tc dng chng vim

0,25

Ch nh
- Gim au do cc cn au ngoi vi t nh n trung bnh: au u, rng, au
bng kinh

0,25

- H st do mi nguyn nhn
Chng ch nh
- Qu mn vi paracetamol
- Thiu men G6PD

0,25

- Bnh gan
Cu III

2,0

1. Vin nn paracetamol
Vai tr cc t dc trong cng thc:
- Tinh bt m: t dc n, r.
- Avicel: t dc r, n, c kh nng chu nn tt.

0,25

- H tinh bt: t dc dnh lng, t nh hng n thi gian r ca vin

- Natri croscarmellose: t dc siu r
- Magnesi stearat, talc: t dc trn
Trnh by qui trnh bo ch:
Vin c bo ch bng phng php xt ht t
- Nghin, ry dc cht cc t dc n qua c ry thch hp ( 250 ).
- Tr n dc cht vi tinh bt, Avicel theo nguyn tc ng lng.
- Cho t t h tinh bt vo khi bt kp trn, nho thnh khi m.
- Xt ht qua c ry thch hp. C th xt ht 2 ln.
- Sy ht nhit 60- 70oC ti m t yu cu (2- 4%).
- Sa ht, trn ht kh vi natri croscarmellose, magnesi stearat, talc (t
dc trn nghin v ry qua ry 180).
- Dp vin vi b chy ci ph hp, iu chnh khi lng trung bnh
vin v cng vin t yu cu
- ng gi, dn nhn ng qui nh
2. Ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn ca v thuc cha 10 vin nn
paracetamol
- Tn c s sn xut: C th vit tt,nhng phi nhn din c tn nh
sn xut, khng dng tn giao dch. i vi thuc xut nhp khu phi ghi tn
nc sn xut
- Tn thuc: Tn gc hay tn INN, km theo hm lng( paracetamol 0,5
mg)

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

- S l sn xut: Do c s sn xut qui nh

- Hn dng: Ghi thng v nm ht hn s dng, thng c th ghi bng ch
hoc s, nm c ghi bng 2 s cui ca nm

0,25

Cu IV

2,50

Cy C c dc

H, tn latinh ca cy thuc: Datura metel , h C (Solanaceae)

0,5

Phn b:
- Cy mc hoang v c trng khp ni Vit nam, Cambodia, Lo, n
, Malaysia, Trung quc, lm cnh v lm thuc.
- nc ta c nhiu Vnh Phc, Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Thi Bnh, Ninh
Thun,

0,25

B phn dng:
- L phi hay sy kh.
- Hoa phi hay sy kh

0,50

- Ht phi hay sy kh
K tn thnh phn ho hc chnh:
- Hu ht cc b phn u cha alcaloid, trong alcaloid chnh l L Scopolamin (Hyoscin)
- Ngoi ra cn c Hyoscyamin, Atropin, Norhyoscyamin.

0,25
0,25

Cng dng:
- C c dc c dng cha ho, hen suyn, lm thuc gim au
trong cc trng hp vim lot d dy hnh t trng, au qun rut hay cc
cn au tht khc, lm thuc chng say sng, mun nn khi i tu xe, my
bay.
- Y hc c truyn dng c c dc cha au c, t thp, cc kh. Dng
ngoi p vo mn nht gim au nhc..

0,25
0,25

Cch dng, liu dng

- Bt l : Ngi ln 0,1g/ln ; 0,2 - 0,3g/ngy
- Cao lng 1/1 : 0,1g/ln ; 0,2 - 0,3g/ngy
- Cao mm : 0,01g/ln ; 0,03g/ngy
- Cn 1/10 : 0,5g/ln ; 1 - 2g/ngy
- Hoa hoc l c c dc c thi nh, phi kh cun vo giy ht nh
thuc l. Ngy ht 1 - 1,5g trc khi ln cn hen.

0,25

 THI TT NGHIP DC S I HC
NM 2011

TRNG I HC
DC H NI

( CHNH THC)

Mn thi:

L THUYT TNG HP

Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp

)
H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Cu I (2,0 im) i cng v cc vitamin:

- Trnh by nh ngha, 4 vai tr ca cc vitamin trong c th
- Phn loi theo tan, nu c im chung v tn cc vitamin trong mi
loi.
Cu II (3,5 im) Vitamin C:
Trnh by cc ni dung sau:
-

Ngun gc
Tnh cht l, ha hc chnh
Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
Dc ng hc
Tc dng v c ch tc dng
Ch nh iu tr
Tc dng khng mong mun
Cc dng bo ch thng gp.

Cu III (2,0 im):

1) Trnh by quy trnh bo ch thuc tim sau (ng 2ml):

Acid ascorbic
50,00 g
Natri hydrocarbonat
23,65 g
Natri metabisulfit
1,00 g
Dinatri edetat
0,20 g
Nc ct pha tim va u
1000 ml
2) Trnh by nhng ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn ng thuc tim. Thit
k nhn ca ng thuc tim Vitamin C trn.
Cu IV (2,5 im) Cy Bch B:
Trnh by cc ni dung sau:
- Tn khoa hc, phn b
- B phn dng, thu hi, s ch
- M t dc liu
- Thnh phn ha hc (k tn mt s cht chnh)
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu dng.

P N-2011
p n

im

Cu I: i cng v cc vitamin (2,0 im)

- nh nghia: cht hu c, c th hu nh khng tng hp c m phi a
t ngoi vo, vi mt lng rt nh c tc dng duy tr cc qu trnh chuyn
ha m bo s sinh trng v hot ng bnh thng ca c th

0,25

- Bn vai tr trong c th: (vit c 3 cho u im)

+ Tham gia cu to enzym xc tc cho phn ng chuyn ha ca c th
+ Tng sc khng, chng oxy ha, bo v cc t bo thn kinh qua
tham gia bo v c th
+ C vai tr tc ng qua li vi cc hormon
+ Cc vitamin c tc ng qua li vi nhau, khi tha thiu m t vitamin s

0,50

ko theo tha ho c thiu cc vitamin khc v gy b nh cho c th

- Phn loi: da vo tan chia lm 2 loi tan trong du v tan trong nc
(mi loi ghi c 3 tn, nu ch k tn nhm c na s im)

0,25

+ Vitamin tan trong du: A, K E, D

+ Vitamin tan trong nc: C, P, B1, B2, PP
- c im chung:
Vitamin tan trong du (nu c 3 cho u im)

0,50

+ Hp thu cng cc cht m vo vng tun hon chung, c th khng hp

thu c m th khng hp thu c vitamin
+ Cn acid m t nhu ha trong qu trnh hp thu, do v y nn ung trong
ho c sau ba n
+ Dng liu cao ko di s tch luy gan v m m, gy c
+ Tri u chng thiu xut hi n ch m, do v y khng cn b sung hng
ngy di dng thuc
+ Tng i bn vng vi nhi t, khng mt i trong qu trnh nu nng
Vitamin tan trong nc (nu c 3 cho u im)

0,50

+ Hp thu trc tip qua thnh ru t vo mu, khng cn cht nhu ha

+ Khi tha c thi tr qua th n
+ It c do khng tch luy
+ Khng bn nn d thiu, phi b sung hng ngy
Cu II: Acid ascorbic (3,5 im)
- Ngun gc:
+ T nhin: trong thc n ngun gc thc vt, ng vt. C nhiu trong
hoa qu ti (chanh, cam, qut, qu du, da hu, rau xanh nh bp ci, x
lch, rau mung; c chua, khoai ty).
+ Tng hp: t D-glucose

0,25

- Tnh cht l hc:

+ Tinh th hoc bt kt tinh trng hoc hi ng vng, tip xc vi nh
sng b vng dn. Dng kh kh bn vng vi khng kh; dng dung dch
nhanh b oxi ho khi c khng kh, c bit trong mi trng kim. D tan
trong nc v ethanol; khng tan trong cloroform, ether v benzen

0,25

+ C kh nng hp th UV v quay mt phng nh sng phn cc.

- Tnh cht ha hc (vit c 2 trong 3 sau cho u im)
+ Quan trng l tnh acid v tnh kh, do nhm endiol to ra
+ Tnh acid do nhm hydroxy v tr s 3 tr nn rt linh ng v vitamin
C c tnh acid kh mnh. V vy, vitamin C d tan trong cc dung dch
hydroxyd v carbonat kim loi kim; tc dng vi mui to mui mi, Tc
dng vi ion st (II) hoc st (III) cho mui c mu tm.
+ Tnh kh: dung dch trong nc d b oxi ha khi tip xc vi khng
kh. vng bn ca acid ascorbic trong dung dich tng theo s gim pH v
s tng nng . nh sng, nhit , kim v 1 s kim loi, c bit l ng,
st v cc enzym xc tc s oxi ha vitamin C

0,50

- Phng php nh tnh

+ Tc dng vi ion st (II) hoc st (III) cho mui c mu tm

0,25

(vit c 2 trong 3 sau cho u im)

+ Phn ng lm mt mu xanh ca 2,6-diclorophenol indophenol, lm mt
mu dung dch iod, dung dich KMnO4;
+ Tc dng vi dung dch bc nitrat to ta mu en;

0,50

+ Tc dng vi thuc th Fehling to ta mu .

- Phng php nh lng: (vit c 1 trong 2 sau cho u im)
+ nh lng bng phng php o iod; bng
indophenol

2,6-diclorophenol

+ nh lng bng phng php o kim, ch th phenolphtalein, dung

0,25

mi l nc
- Dc ng hc: (vit c 2 cho u im)
- D hp thu qua nim mc ru t non
0,25
- Phn b ti hu ht cc m c bi t l tuyn yn, thng th n, no v
bch cu
- Thi tr ch yu qua nc tiu di dng chuyn ha l oxalat v
urat
- Tc dng v c ch (vit c 3 cho u im)
+ Tham gia to collagen v m t s thnh phn khc to nn m lin kt
xng, rng, mch mu

0,50

+ Tham gia cc qu trnh chuyn ha lipid, glucid, protid

+ Tham gia tng hp m t s cht nh catecholamin, hormon v thng
th n
+ Xc tc chuyn Fe+++ thnh Fe++, gip hp thu st t trng
+ Tng to interferon, lm gim nhy cm ca c th vi histamin, chng
stress, gip tng cng sc khng cho c th
+ Chng oxy ha bng cch trung ha cc gc t do sn sinh t cc phn
ng chuyn ha, gip bo v tnh ton vn ca mng t bo.
- Ch nh (vit c 2 cho u im)
+ Phng v iu tr thiu vitamin C (b nh scorbut)

0,25

+ Tng sc khng khi nhim khun, nhim c

+ Thiu mu
+ Phi hp cc thuc chng d ng
- Tc dng khng mong mun (vit c 2 cho u im)
Dng liu cao ko di c th gy
+ Lot d dy, t trng, vim bng quang v tiu chy
+ Tng to si th n v gy b nh gt do thuc (thi nhiu oxalat v urat

0,25

qua th n)
+ Gy hi n tng b t li: dng thng xuyn, ngng cung cp t
ng t d g p hi n tng thiu
+ Tim tnh mch liu cao gy tan mu, gim bn hng cu (nht l
ngi thiu G6PD) v c th gy sc phn v
- Dng bo ch thng g p (nu u dng bo ch cho u im)
+ Vin nn, vin si (50,100, 200, 500, 1000 mg), vin ng m

0,25

+ Dung dch tim (5% v 10%, ng 1ml, 2ml, 5ml)

Cu III:
1. Qui trnh bo ch thuc tim vitamin C (1,25 im)
Ha tan natri clorid, dinatri edetat trong nc ct pha tim.
Thm acid ascorbic vo dung dch trn, khuy cho tan hon ton
Ha tan t t natri hydrocarbonat vo dung dch trn.
Ha tan tip natri metabisulfit.
Kim tra pH, iu chnh pH nu cn.
B sung nc ct pha tim va
Lc qua mng lc 0,2m, kim tra trong
ng ng thy tinh 2ml, kt hp sc kh N2 trong qu trnh ng v hn
ng.

0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

Tit khun 100 C, 15 pht.

Chu : Nguyn liu, ng tim t yu cu pha tim; iu kin pha ch v
khun
2. Nhn ng thuc tim (0,75 im)
- Nhng ni dung bt buc trn nhn ng thuc tim
+ Tn thuc: Vit m nt, ni bt

0,25

Thuc n cht th phi ghi tn gc hoc tn chung quc t ngay

sau tn bit dc
+ Hot cht, hm lng: Thuc dng phi hp c t hn hoc bng 3
hot cht th phi ghi hot cht, hm lng ca tng hot cht. Tn hot
cht ghi theo tn gc hoc tn chung quc t
+ Th tch hoc khi lng: Ghi th tch thc, khi lng tnh

0,25

+ ng dng: Tim tnh mch, tim bp, tim di da ( c th vit

tt)
+ S l sn xut, hn dng: Cu trc ca s l sn xut do cc nh sn
xut t qui nh. Hn dng ghi theo th t ngy, thng, nm dng lch

0,25

+ Tn c s sn xut: C th vit tt
- Thit k nhn trn ng thuc tim Vitamin C
Cu IV: Cy Bch b (2,50 im)

0,25

- Tn khoa hc: Stemona tuberosa, Stemonaceae.

0,25

- Phn b: mc hoang nhiu vng rng ni nc ta

0,25

- B phn dng: r c

0,25

- Thu hi, s ch: ma thu ng, o c ra sch nguyn c hoc b i

em phi sy kh

0,25

- M t dc liu: c cong queo, di 5-10cm, mt ngoi vng nu c nhiu np

nhn, v ng

0,25

- Thnh phn ha hc:

+ Alcaloid

0,25

+Tuberostemonin

0,25

- Cng dng, cch dng, liu dng

+ Cha ho: ung 6-12g, nc sc
+ Tr giun ua: ung 7-10g nc sc, dng 5 ngy lin bui sng lc i,
sau dng thuc ty
+ Tr giun kim: 20g/ngy, thuc tht, dng 10-12 ngy

0,25
0,25
0,25

TRNG I HC
DC H NI

THI TT NGHIP DC S I HC
NM 2011
( CHNH THC)

Mn thi:

L THUYT TNG HP ln 2

Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp

)
H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Cu I (2,0 im) i cng v cc khng sinh nhm macrolid:

- Ngun gc, phn loi
- c im cu trc v l ha tnh chung
- C ch tc dng.
Cu II (3,5 im) Erythromycin:
Trnh by cc ni dung sau:
-

Ngun gc
c im cu to
Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
Ph tc dng
Dc ng hc
Ch nh iu tr
Tng tc thuc.

Cu III (2,0 im):

1) Cho cng thc cm pha hn dch (1 gi):
Erythromycin ethylsuccinat
tng ng erythromycin

250 mg

Natri citrat dihydrat

250 mg

Natri croscarmelose

250 mg

Vanilin

5 mg

ng trng (bt)

1500 mg

Polysorbat 80

10 mg

Ethanol 70%

va u

- Nu vai tr cc thnh phn trong cng thc.

- Trnh by qui trnh bo ch thuc cm trn.
2) Trnh by nhng ni dung bt buc phi c trn bao b trc tip c kch
thc nh. Thit k nhn ca gi thuc cm erythromycin 250mg nh trn.
Cu IV (2,5 im) Cy M :
Trnh by cc ni dung sau:
- Tn cy thuc (Tn, h Vit Nam, tn khoa hc)
- Phn b
- B phn dng
- K tn cc thnh phn ha hc chnh
- Phng php s ch, bo qun
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu lng.

P N _LN 2_2011

p n
Cu I: i cng v cc khng sinh nhm macrolid

im
2,00

- Ngun gc:
+ thin nhin: chit sut t mi trng nui cy mt s chng
Streptomyces.
+ bn tng hp: thu c bng cch bin i mt vi chi tit cu trc ca
macrolid thin nhin, t c mc tiu khc phc nhng nhc im ca
cht khng sinh m

0,25

(ghi chu: vit c 1 cho u im)

- c im cu truc chung:
+ L glycosid thn lipid (lipophilic) c m hnh Genin-O-Ose.
- Phn genin: L vng lacton ln, vi s nguyn t t 12 n 17. Cc
nhm th trn vng lacton l alkyl v -OH; nhm th aldehyd c trng cho
macrolid 16 nguyn t; nhm th ceton c trng macrolid 14 nguyn t.

0,25

- Phn ng (Ose): Gm ng trung tnh v ng th amin.

(ghi chu: vit c 1 cho u im)
- Phn loi:
+ Khng sinh thin nhin: c phn genin vi s nguyn t t 12, 14, 15,
16, 17.
+ Khng sinh bn tng hp: c phn genin vi s nguyn t t 14
(roxithromycin, clarithromycin), 15 (azithromycin), 16.

0,25

(ghi chu: vit c 1 cho u im)

- c im l ha chung: (ghi chu: vit c 3 cho u im)
+ Dng base khng thn nc; d tan trong nhiu dung mi hu c, thun
li khi chit sut macrolid t mi trng nui cy vi sinh nh chit mt
alcaloid.
Mui vi cc acid tan trong nc nhng dung dch khng bn, d kt ta

0,75

li dng base.
Tt c cc ch phm macrolid thng l bt mu trng, v rt ng.
+ Hp th UV: Macrolid vi vng lacton c nhiu dy ni s hp th
nh sng UV cng cao, thun li phn tch bng quang ph UV.
+ Vng lacton ln d b m trong mi trng pH kim hoc acid.
+ Macrolid to mu vi mt s thuc th: acid HCl, H 2SO4 m c,
xanthydrol, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyd. Nhng phn ng mu ny c
dng nh tnh, nhn bit s b macrolid.
- C ch tc dng:
+ Khng sinh nhm macrolid c tc dng km khun
+ Thuc gn vo tiu phn 50S ca ribosom, do c ch tng hp
protein ca t bo vi khun
Cu II: Erythromycin
- Ngun gc: chit t mi trng nui cy Streptomyces erythreus v mt s
chng Streptomyces khc
- c im cu to:
+L hn hp 3 cht gn nhau: Erythromycin A, B v C, trong ch yu
l erythromycin A

0,25
0,25
3,50
0,25

0,25

+ Phn genin c 14 nguyn t, ng l D-desosamin.

(ghi chu: vit c 1 cho u im)
- Phng php nh tnh (ghi chu: vit c 2 cho u im)

0,50

+ Ha 5 mg cht th vo dung dch xanthydrol 0,02% pha trong hn hp

acid hydrocloric- acid acetic (1:9), un trn cch thy: xut hin mu .
+ Ha 10mg vo 5 ml HCl c, yn 10 pht: xut hin mu vng.
+ Sc k bn mng, so vi erythromycin chun
- Phng php nh lng: (vit c 1 cho u im)

0,25

Bng HPLC hoc phng php vi sinh

- Ph tc dng:
+ Erythromycin c ph tc dng trung bnh, ch yu tc dng trn vi
khun Gram dng nh lin cu (Streptococcus), t cu (Staphylococcus),
Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Listeria monocytogenes.
Erythromycin ch c tc dng trn mt s t vi khun Gram m tng t
penicilin

0,25

+ Erythromycin c tc dng vi vi khun ni bo nh Mycoplasma,

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Brucella, Legionella,

0,25

- Dc ng hc:
+ Hp thu: Erythromycin dng base b mt hot tnh bi acid dch v,
khng tan trong nc v rt ng, v vy thng c dng di dng mui v
ester (nh erythromycin stearat, erythromycin ethylsuccinat) hoc di dng
vin bao tan trong rut. Sinh kh dng ng ung dao ng t 30 60% ty
theo dng bo ch.

0,25

+ Phn b: thuc phn b rng khp cc m v dch c th, nhng khng

vo c dch no ty

0,25

+ Thuc chuyn ha qua gan v thi tr ch yu qua phn

- Ch nh
iu tr cc bnh nhim khun gy ra do vi khun nhy cm bao gm:

0,25
0,25

+ Cc nhim khun h hp, da, m mm, h tit niu-sinh dc

+ D phng thp khp cp (thay th penicilin)

0,25

- Tng tc thuc
+ Erythromycin c ch enzym chuyn ha thuc microsom gan
(Cytochrom P450), lm tng nng v tng c tnh ca thuc phi hp nh
ergotamin, theophylin, simvastatin
+ Nu phi hp vi cc macrolid khc hoc lincosamid s gim tc dng
khng khun do c cnh tranh ti v tr tc dng
Cu III
1) Thuc cm erythromycin

0,25

0,25
2,0

 Vai tr cc thnh phn trong cng thc:

- Natri citrat: iu chnh pH.
- Natri croscarmelose: t dc siu r, gip phn tn cm thnh hn dch.
- ng: t dc n, iu v.
- Polysorbat 80: cht gy thm, gip phn tn cm thnh hn dch.
- Vanilin: lm thm.
- Ethanol 70%: dung mi to ht.
(Ghi chu: c nu vai tr 3 t dc, cho 0,25)
Trnh by qui trnh bo ch
- Nghin ng trng thnh bt, ry qua ry 250. Cn cc nguyn liu theo
cng thc.
- Trn bt kp ln lt: natri citrat, natri croscarmellose, erythromycin, ng
theo nguyn tc ng lng.
- Trn hn hp bt vi polysorbat 80, thm dn dn ethanol 70% vo nho va
m.

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

- Xt ht qua ry 600.
- Sy ht nhit di 50oC ti hm m 2-3%.
- Sa cm qua ry 800, trn cm vi vanilin.

0,25

- ng gi, dn nhn ng qui nh.

2)
-

Ni dung bt buc trn bao b trc tip c kch thc nh:

Tn thuc
Hot cht, hm lng ( thuc dng phi hp c t hn hoc bng 3 hot
cht th phi ghi hot cht, hm lng ca tng hot cht)
Th tch hoc khi lng
S l sn xut, hn dng
Tn c s sn xut ( tn c s sn xut c th c vit tt nhng phi m
bo nhn din c).
Thit k nhn ca gi thuc cm Erythromycin 250 mg.
Cu IV:

Cy M

- Tn cy thuc: M (Plantago major), H M (Plantaginaceae)

0,50

0,25
2,50
0,50

(Ch cn vit ung chi, loi c th ghi spp.)

- Phn b: khp ni nc ta

0,25

- B phn dng: l (xa tin tho), ht (xa tin t)

0,25

- Cc thnh phn ha hc chnh: cht nhy, iridoid, flavonoid, acid hu c,

tanin

0,50

(Vit 4 cho u im)

- Phng php s ch, bo qun:
+ L: thu hi, phi sy kh

0,25

+ Ht: ct bng gi, phi kh, tch ly ht

- Cng dng:
+ L: p cha mn nht
Li tiu, cha ho
+ Ht: nhun trng, li tiu
- Liu: 10-12g

0,25
0,25
0,25

TRNG I HC DC
H NI

THI TT NGHIP DC S I HC
NM 2012
( CHNH THC)
Mn thi:

L THUYT TNG HP

Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp

)
H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Cu I: i cng v nhm thuc gim au, h st, chng vim

im)

(2,5

Trnh by cc ni dung sau:

- Phn loi
- Tc dng, c ch tc dng gim au, h st, chng vim
- Tc dng khng mong mun.
Cu II: Diclofenac natri
Trnh by cc ni dung sau:
- Tnh cht l, ha hc
- Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
- Dc ng hc
- Tc dng
- Ch nh iu tr

(2,5 im)

- Cc dng bo ch thng gp.

Cu III:

(2,5 im)

1) Cho cng thc 1 vin bao Diclofenac:

Cng thc vin nn:
Cng thc bao:
Diclofenac natri
75 mg
Eudragit L100
Avicel PH101
34 mg
Dibutyl phtalat
Tinh bt bin tnh
25 mg
Talc
Natri croscarmelose
12 mg
Titan dioxyd
PVP K-30
6 mg
Tween 80
Ethanol 96%
0,06 ml
Ethanol 96%
Talc
5 mg
Magnesi stearat
2 mg
Aerosil 200
1 mg
- Nu ngha ca vic bao vin trn
- Trnh by vai tr cc t dc trong cng thc.
2) K tn cc hnh thc thng tin gii thiu thuc Diclofenac trn.

7,5 mg
1,5 mg
1,5 mg
0,5 mg
0,5 mg
va u

Nu cc ni dung trong ti liu thng tin thuc Diclofenac cho cn b y t.

Cu IV: Cy Hong lin

(2,5 im)

Trnh by cc ni dung sau:

- Tn cy thuc (Tn, h Vit Nam, tn khoa hc)
- Phn b
- B phn dng
- K tn cc thnh phn ha hc chnh
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu lng.

P N 2012
p n
Cu I: Trnh by i cng v nhm thuc gim au h st chng
vim:
Phn loi (vit c 5 nhm cho im ti a)

im
2,5
0,25

- Dn cht acid salicylic

- Dn cht pyrazolon
- Dn cht indol
- Dn cht oxicam
- Dn cht acid propionic
- Dn cht acid phenylacetic
- Dn cht acid fenamic
- Nhm coxib
- Nhm aminophenol (dn cht anilin)
- Dn cht acid floctafenic
Tc dng v c ch tc dng:
- Tc dng h st
+ C ch h st: Thuc c ch prostaglandin synthetase, lm gim tng
hp PGE1 v PGE2, c ch qu trnh sinh nhit, tng cng qu trnh thi
nhit, lm h st.

0,25

+ Tc dng h st: thuc h st do bt k nguyn nhn no v ch c tc

dng iu tr triu chng, khng h thn nhit ngi khng st

0,25

- Tc dng gim au
+ C ch gim au: thuc gim tng hp PGF 2, lm gim tnh cm th
ca ngn dy thn kinh cm gic vi cc cht gy au ca phn ng vim
nh bradykinin, serotonin

0,25

+ Tc dng gim au: gim au t nh n va, gim au ngoi vi, tc

dng tt vi cc loi au do vim.

0,25

- Tc dng chng vim

+ C ch chng vim: thuc c ch enzym cyclooxygenase (COX),
ngn cn tng hp prostaglandin l cht trung gian ha hc gy vim, lm
gim qu trnh vim.

0,25

+ C 2 loi COX: COX-1 cn cho tc dng sinh l ca mt s c quan

(d dy, tiu cu, thn); COX-2 c vai tr to PG gy vim. Mt s thuc
c ch chn lc COX-2 t nh hng ti chc nng sinh l bnh thng,
gim tc dng khng mong mun.
Tc dng khng mong mun

0,25

- Trn tiu ha: kch ng, au thng v, nng hn l lot d dy t trng,

xut huyt tiu ha
- Trn mu: ko di thi gian ng mu, tng nguy c chy mu
- Trn thn: gim lu lng qua thn, gim sc lc cu thn, nguy c
nc, tng kali mu v vim thn k
- Trn h hp: gy cn hen gi trn ngi khng b hen hoc lm tng
cn hen ngi hen ph qun
- Cc tc dng khng mong mun khc: mn cm, c vi gan, ko di
thi k mang thai v chuyn d, xut huyt khi sinh

0,25
0,25

0,25

Cu II: Diclofenac natri

2,5

Tnh cht l, ha hc (mi 0,25 , u 4 t im ti a 1,0)

1,0

- Bt kt tinh trng hay hi vng nht, hi ht m. Tan trong nc (v

dung mi phn cc nh methanol, ethanol); t tan trong dung mi hu
c khc (aceton, ether, dicloromethan).

(0,25)

- Nhn thm hp th nh sng t ngoi; c ph hng ngoi c trng

(0,25)

- Dung dch trong methanol, thm acid nitric c s c mu nu

(tc dng vi HNO3 cho mu nu)

(0,25)

- Dung dch ch phm trong cn cho phn ng vi cc dung dch

kalifericyanid, st III clorid v acid hydrocloric s cho mu xanh v c
ta
(tc dng vi TT kalifericyanid v FeCl 3, mi trng acid cho mu
xanh c tua)

(0,25)

- Cho phn ng ca ion natri: Phn ng vi TT Streng cho ta vng

(0,25)

Phng php nh tnh

- Dng sc k lp mng, o ph UV hoc ph hng ngoi
- Dng cc phn ng mu/to ta mu trn (Ghi chu: nu SV trnh by
cc tnh cht l, ha trn v c ghi c th ng dng trong nh tnh

0,25

th vn cho im phn ny)

Phng php nh lng (vit c 1 cho u im)
- nh lng bng pp o quang hoc HPLC (c bit vi ch phm)
- nh lng bng acid percloric trong dung mi l acid acetic khan, xc
nh im kt thc bng o th. (hoc: nh lng bng pp o acid/mt
khan).

0,25

- Chuyn v dng acid, nh lng bng pp trung ha (hoc nh lng

bng dd KOH trong methanol trong mi trng l cloroform).
Dc ng hc (vit c 2 cho u im)
- Hp thu tt qua ng tiu ho, thc n lm chm hp thu thuc.
- t nng ti a trong mu sau khi ung 2- 3 gi.
- Lin kt vi protein huyt tng cao (99%) v c hiu ng qua gan ln
u nn sinh kh dng qua ng ung ~ 50%.
- Thuc thi tr qua nc tiu (65%).
Tc dng

0,25

0,25

Gim au, h st, chng vim.

Ch nh

0,25

- iu tr cc cn au cp: au do vim xng khp, au bng kinh, au

u, au dy thn kinh
- iu tr vim khp, thoi ho khp cp v mn
Dng bo ch (vit c 3 cho im ti a)
- Dng vin bao tan trong rut
- Dng vin gii phng ko di
- Vin n

0,25

- ng tim
- Dng gel
- Thuc nh mt.
Cu III
1. Vin bao diclofenac natri

2,5
1,5

1.1. nghia cua bao vin:

Mng bao tan rut trnh dc cht kch ng d dy
Ngoi ra cn bo v dc cht trnh m, nh sng, che du mi v
1.2. Vai tr cc t dc cua vin nn:
- Avicel: t dc n, r, dnh kh
- Tinh bt bin tnh, natri croscarmelose: t dc r, siu r
- PVP K-30: t dc dnh, ethanol 96%: dung mi ha tan PVP nho
m

0,25

0,25

0,25

- Talc, magnesi stearat, Aerosil: t dc trn

Vai tr cc t dc bao:
- Eudragit L100: polyme bao tan trong rut
- Dibutyl phtalat: cht ha do mng bao
- Talc, titan dioxyd: chng dnh, cn quang
- Tween 80: cht gy thm, gip phn tn hn dch bao
- Ethanol 96%: dung mi ha tan v phn tn cc t dc bao film
2.1. K tn cc hnh thc thng tin gii thiu thuc Diclofenac

0,25
0,25

0,25
0,25

- Thng qua Ngi gii thiu thuc

- Pht hnh ti liu thng tin thuc cho cn b y t
- T chc hi tho thuc cho cn b y t
- Trng by, gii thiu thuc ti cc hi ngh, hi tho chuyn ngnh Y t
2.2. Nu cc ni dung trong ti liu thng tin thuc Diclofenac cho cn b
y t
- Tn thuc
- Thnh phn hot cht
- Dng bo ch

0,75
0,25

- Cng dng, ch nh
- Liu dng
- Cch dng

0,25

- Tc dng ph v phn ng c hi
- Chng ch nh v thn trng
- Tng tc thuc
- Tn, a ch ca c s sn xut v phn phi chnh

0,25

- Nhng thng tin mi dng tham kho v nhng ti liu chng minh
ngun gc ca nhng thng tin
- Danh mc nhng ti liu dng trch dn
Cu IV:

Cy Hong lin

2,5

- Tn cy thuc
+ Mt s loi thuc chi Coptis hoc Coptis spp., hoc tn chi, loi y
ca mt loi Coptis chinensis, C. teeta, C. teetoides, C. deltoidea, C.
quinquesecta.

0,25

+ H Mao lng (Ranunculaceae) hoc H Hong lin

(Berberidaceae).

0,25

- Phn b: Vit Nam, Trung Quc.

0,25

- B phn dng: Thn r

0,25

- Thnh phn ha hc chnh: Alcaloid, berberin, panmatin

- Cng dng, liu dng (Trnh by c 1 cng dng 0,25 im, km
liu, cch dng 0,25 im, trnh by u 4 t im ti a 1,0)
+ Cha l amip, a chy do nhim khun.

0,5
1,0
(0,25)

+ Ngy 3-6g dng thuc sc, dng 7-15 ngy.

(0,25)

+ Cha vim d dy, rut.

(0,25)

+ Ngy 3-6g dng thuc sc, cao lng.

(0,25)

+ au mt , vim tai gia c m.

(0,25)

+ Dng dung dch, nc sc nh mt, tai.

(0,25)

 THI TT NGHIP DC S I HC
NM 2012

TRNG I HC DC
H NI

( CHNH THC)
Mn thi:

L THUYT TNG HP (Ln 2)

Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp

)
H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Cu I: i cng v nhm thuc gim au trung ng

im)

(1,0

Trnh by cc ni dung sau:

- Phn loi (theo c ch tc dng), cho v d tn thuc i din trong mi
loi
- Tc dng v c ch tc dng chung.
Cu II: Morphin hydroclorid
Trnh by cc ni dung sau:
- Ngun gc v phng php iu ch
- Tnh cht l, ha hc
- Phng php nh lng
- Dc ng hc
- Ch nh iu tr

(4,0 im)

- Chng ch nh v thn trng

- Tc dng khng mong mun thng gp.
Cu III:

(2,5 im)

1) Cho cng thc vin nang cng:

Morphin sulfat

30 mg

Cellulose vi tinh th (Avicel)

30 mg

Tinh bt m

20 mg

Natri croscarmelose

4 mg

Magnesi stearat

1 mg

Aerosil
0,5 mg
V nang s 2
1 v
- Nu vai tr ca cc t dc trong cng thc
- Vit vn tt trnh t bo ch vin nang trn.
2) Trnh by cc quy nh v duyt d tr i vi thuc vin Morphin trn.
Cu IV: Cy M tin

(2,5 im)

Trnh by cc ni dung sau:

- Tn cy thuc (Tn, h Vit Nam, tn khoa hc)
- Phn b
- B phn dng
- K tn cc thnh phn ha hc chnh
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu lng.
Trng H Dc H Ni

p n thi tt nghip dc s i hc nm 2012

Mn : l thuyt tng hp ln 2
p n

Cu I: Trnh by i cng v nhm thuc gim au trung ng

T/im
1,0

Phn loi (da vo c ch tc dng), cho v d tn thuc i din cho mi loi

(Vit c tn 3 phn nhm: 0,25; v d c 1 tn thuc i din cho mi phn
nhm: 0,25)
- Thuc ch vn trn receptor opioid:
Opioid t nhin. V d: morphin, codein
Opioid tng hp. V d: pethidin, methadon
- Thuc ch vn, i khng hn hp v ch vn tng phn trn receptor opioid
V d: pentazocin, nalorphin, nalbuphin, butorphanol
- Thuc i khng n thun trn receptor opioid
V d: naloxon, naltrexon
Tc dng v c ch tc dng chung:

0,5

0,5

Tc dng (vit c 3 cho u im)

- Tc dng gim au mnh, chn lc v su ni tng
- C tc dng an thn, gy ng

0,25

- Gy c ch h hp
- Lm gim nhu ng rut
- Gy sng khoi v gy nghin
C ch tc dng
Tc dng c hiu trn receptor opioid (, k, )
Cu II: Morphin hydroclorid

0,25
4,0

Ngun gc v phng php iu ch (vit c 1 cho u im)

- Ngun gc: l alcaloid ca cy thuc phin
- PP iu ch: chit xut t nha qu thuc phin theo pp acid-base
Tnh cht l hc (vit c 2 cho u im, mi 0,25 im)
- Bt kt tinh trng, d bin mu do b oxy ho, thng hoa ngoi khng kh kh.
Tan trong nc, dung dch kim mnh, kh tan trong ethanol 96%, thc t
khng tan trong ether.
- Hp th t ngoi: dd trong nc cho cc i hp th 285 nm
- C gc quay cc ring (-1100 n -1150 dung dch 0,5 g trong 25 ml nc).
(ghi ch: SV khng nh cc gi tr trn vn cho im)
Tnh cht ha hc (vit c 4 cho u im, mi 0,25 im)
- Tnh base ca khung morphinan. Cho phn ng c trng vi cc thuc th

0,25

0,50

1,00

ca alcaloid
- Nhm phenol cho phn ng to mu tm vi dung dch FeCl3
- Tc dng vi mui diazoni cho mu
- Morphin d b oxy ho. Tc dng ca kalifericyanid to dehydrodimorphin
(oxydimorphin). Thm dung dch st III clorid th s c mu xanh lam ph.
- Phn ng ca ion clorid: TD vi AgNO3
- Tc dng vi kali iodat gii phng iod
- un nng vi acid phosphoric c to apomorphin, thm HNO 3 to mu
mu
Phng php nh lng (vit c 1 cho u im)
- Phng php o acid trong mi trng khan: Bng acid percloric 0,1 N trong
mi trng acid acetic khan, ch th tm tinh th
- nh lng HCl kt hp bng phng php o bc (pp Folagrd)
Dc ng hc
- Hp thu: s dng ng ung thuc chuyn ha qua gan ln u ln, sinh kh
dng ng ung thp.
- Phn b: thuc qua c hng ro mu no, nhau thai v sa m, lin kt vi
protein huyt tng khong 30%
- Chuyn ha: chuyn ha gan ch yu lin hp vi acid glucuronic
Thi tr: ch yu qua nc tiu, mt phn thi qua phn (c chu k gan-rut),
thi gian bn thi ngn (khong 2-3 gi)

0,25

0,25
0,25

0,25

Ch nh iu tr
- au nng hoc au khng p ng vi cc thuc gim au khc
- Ph phi cp th nh v va
- Tin m
Chng ch nh v thn trng (vit c 5 cho u im)
- Suy h hp, hen ph qun
- Chn thng no hoc tng p lc s no
- Trng thi co git

0,25
0,25
0,5

- Nhim c ru cp
- ang dng IMAO
- Tr em di 30 thng tui
- Suy gan nng
- au bng cp khng r nguyn nhn
- Thn trng vi ngi cao tui v ph n c thai
Tc dng khng mong mun thng gp
Bun nn, nn, to bn, c ch h hp, co ng t, tng p lc ng mt, b
tiu...
Cu III
1. Vin nang Morphin
1.1. Vai tr cc t dc trong cng thc:
- Avicel; Tinh bt m: t dc n, r

0,25
2,5
1,5
0,25

- Natri croscarmelose: T dc siu r

0,25

- Magnesi stearat, Aerosil: T dc trn

0,25

1.2. Trnh by qui trnh bo ch

- Nghin dc cht, t dc, ry qua ry 250; Ring t dc trn ry qua ry 180.
Cn cc nguyn liu theo cng thc.
- Trn bt kp theo nguyn tc ng lng, t dc trn trn sau.

0,25
0,25

- ng nang theo nguyn tc: m v, ng thuc, y np nang.

C th s dng thit b ng nang th cng, t ng hoc bn t ng theo nguyn tc
phn liu khc nhau.

0,25

- ng gi, dn nhn ng qui nh.

2. Trnh by cc quy nh v duyt d tr i vi vin nn Morphin trn
2.1. B Y t (Cc Qun l dc):
- Duyt d tr nguyn liu cho c s sn xut thuc, c s y t, c s nghin cu,
c s o to chuyn ngnh Y- dc
- Duyt d tr thuc thnh phm gy nghin cho: cng ty Dc phm Trung ng

1,0
0,25

1,2,3; cng ty Dc Si Gn; cng ty c phn xut nhp khu y t thnh ph H Ch

Minh ; cng ty c phn Dc - Thit b y t H Ni
- Duyt d tr thuc gy nghin cho c s khng thuc ngnh y t qun l
nghin cu khoa hc. C s phi gi km theo cng vn gii thch l do v c
ngi ng u c quan cp V, Cc tr ln c chc nng qun l trc tip xc
nhn

0,25

- Duyt d tr thuc thnh phm gy nghin cho Cc Qun y - B Quc phng.

2.2. S Y t tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng:
- Duyt d tr thuc thnh phm cho c s bn bun, bn l thuc, c s y t, c s
nghin cu, c s o to chuyn ngnh Y-dc, trung tm cai nghin trn a bn

0,25

- S Y t c th phn cp, y quyn cho Phng y t qun, huyn, th x hoc Trung

tm Y t qun, huyn, th x (nu c cn b chuyn mn dc) duyt d tr thuc
thnh phm gy nghin cho trm y t x, phng, th trn.
2.3. Cc Qun y - B Quc phng:
Duyt d tr thuc thnh phm gy nghin cho cc bnh vin, n v trc thuc B
Quc phng.
2.4. Trng khoa iu tr, trng phng khm:

0,25

- K duyt Phiu lnh thuc gy nghin cho khoa phng mnh (theo mu)
- Trng khoa dc k duyt Phiu lnh thuc gy nghin cho ca trc ca khoa
dc.
Cu IV:

Cy M tin

2,5

Tn cy thuc (Tn, h Vit Nam, tn khoa hc): Strychnos nux-vomica

H M tin (Loganiaceae)

0,25
0,25

Phn b: Cc tnh min Nam nc ta

0,25

B phn dng: Ht

0,25

Thnh phn ha hc chnh: - Cc alcaloid (strychnin, brucin)

0,25

- Cht bo

0,25

Cng dng, cch dng, liu lng: - Nguyn liu chit xut strychnin

0,25

- Cha thp khp, nhc mi tay chn

0,25

- M tin cha ch bin dng ngoi dng cn xoa

0,25

- M tin ch liu dng ti a 0,1g/ln, 0,3g/24h

0,25

bp

TRNG I HC DC
H NI

THI TT NGHIP DC S I HC
NM 2013
( CHNH THC)
Mn thi: L THUYT TNG HP Ln 2
Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp
)

H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Cu I: i cng v nhm thuc gim au, h st, chng vim:

im)

(2,5

- Phn loi
- Tc dng, c ch tc dng gim au, h st, chng vim
- Tc dng khng mong mun.
Cu II: Paracetamol:

(3,0 im)

- Tn khc
- Phng php iu ch chnh
- Tnh cht l, ha hc
- Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
- Dc ng hc
- Tc dng, ch nh
- Chng ch nh.
Cu III:

(2,0 im)

1) Trnh by k thut bo ch elixir paracetamol c cng thc nh sau:

Paracetamol
2,4 g
Ethanol 96%

10,0 ml

Propylen glycol

10,0 ml

Cn cloroform 5%

2,0 ml

Siro n

27,5 ml

Cht mu

va

Cht thm

va

Glycerin va

100 ml

2) Trnh by cc ni dung qung co l thuc trn (phng tin qung co: i

pht thanh, truyn hnh)
Cu IV: Cy Bch ch
(2,5 im)
- Tn cy thuc (tn, h Vit Nam, tn khoa hc)
- Phn b

- B phn dng
- K tn cc thnh phn ha hc chnh
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu lng.
B Y t

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

Trng i hc dc h ni

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
p n v thang im

Chm thi tt nghip Dc s i hc nm 2013

Mn: L thuyt tng hp
p n
Cu I: Trnh by i cng v thuc li tiu

im
1,25

Khi nim
Thuc li niu l thuc lm tng khi lng nc tiu ch yu bng cch
lm tng thi tr Na+ v nc dch ngoi bo.

0,25

Phn loi (vit c 2 cho 0,25 im)

0,50

- c ch carbonic anhydrase (CA): acetazolamid, diclophenamid,

methazolamid
- Thiazid v cc cht tng t: chlorothiazid, hydroclorothiazid
- Li tiu quai: furosemid, acid ethacrynic v bumetanid.
- Khng aldosteron: spironolacton
- Li niu thm thu: manitol
C ch tc dng (vit c 2 cho 0,25 im)
- c ch carbonic anhydrase: c ch enzym CA ng ln gn lm gim
ti hp thu Na+.

0,50

- Thiazid
+ c ch c ch ng vn chuyn 1Na + , 1 Cl- ng ln xa lm tng
thi Na+ v Cl+ Liu cao c ch CA nhng km acetazolamid.
- Li tiu quai: c ch c ch ng vn chuyn 1Na+, 1K+, 2Cl nhnh
ln ca quai Henle.
- Khng aldosteron: c ch cnh tranh vi aldosteron ti ng ln xa
lm tng thi Na+.
- Thuc li niu thm thu: lm tng p lc thm thu ng thn nn ko
nc vo lng ng, gy li tiu.
Cu II: Hydroclorothiazid

3,75

Tnh cht l, ha hc
Tnh cht l hc:

0,25

- Bt kt tinh trng hoc hu nh trng, khng mi. It tan trong nc, tan
tt trong mt s dung mi hu c (aceton, dicloromethan...), tan trong
0,25
dung dch kim long.
- Nhn thm hp th nh sng t ngoi, ph hng ngoi c trng
Tnh cht ha hc: (ti a 1,00 )
- C tnh acid yu, tnh base yu, d b thu phn

1,00
0,25

- Tan trong cc dung dch kim, sau tc dng vi 1 s mui, to mui

mi kt ta hoc c mu. (VD: AgNO 3 to ta trng, Cu(SO4)2 to mui 0,25
c mu)
- Cho phn ng vi TT alcaloid (ha vo acid hydrocloric, dung dch ny,
0,25
n to mui kt ta vi 1 s thuc th chung ca alcaloid)
- Thy phn bng kim gii phng amoniac lm xanh giy qu

0,25

- Thy phn bng acid gii phng amin thm bc 1, cho phn ng to
0,25
phm mu nito
- V c ha trong s c mt ca cht oxi ha to ion sulfat
Phng php nh tnh

0,25
0,25

- Dng sc k lp mng, o ph UV, xc nh hp th ring hoc o

ph hng ngoi
- Dng cc phn ng mu/to ta mu trn
(Ghi chu: nu SV khi trnh by cc tnh cht l, ha trn v c ghi c
th ng dng trong nh tnh th vn cho im phn ny (cho thm 0,25
))
Phng php nh lng (vit c 1 phng php cho u im)

0,25

- nh lng bng pp o quang hoc HPLC (c bit vi ch phm)

- nh lng bng phng php o kim trong mi trng khan, dung mi
dimethylsulfoxyd; cht chun tetrabutylamoni hydroxyd, ch th o th.
Dc ng hc (vit c 2 cho im ti a)
- Hp thu tt qua ng ung, c tc dng sau ung 1 gi. Tc dng ko
di 6- 12 gi.
- Thuc qua c rau thai v sa m.
- Thi tr qua thn

0,25

Tc dng - c ch

1,00

- Thiazid c ch c ch ng vn chuyn 1Na +, 1Cl- lm tng thi Na+ v

Cl-. Liu cao c ch CA
- Tc dng li tiu trung bnh. Tc dng c mi trng acid v base
- Tng thi tr K+ theo hai c ch:
+ c ch CA, gim thi tr H+, nn K+ tng thi (do tranh chp vi H+).
+ c ch ti hp thu Na+ nn nng Na+ tng cao ng ln xa, gy phn
ng b tr tng thi K+ ko Na+ li.
- Dng lu lm gim Ca++ niu, tng thi tr Mg++, do gy gim Mg++
huyt.
- Lm h huyt p trn nhng bnh nhn tng huyt p, v ngoi tc dng
thi mui, thuc cn c ch ti ch tc dng ca cht co mch nh
vasopressin, nor- adrenalin.
Ch nh (vit c 2 cho im ti a)

0,25

0,25
0,25
0,25
0,50

- Ph do cc loi bnh v tim, gan, thn.

- Tng huyt p: thng phi hp vi cc thuc h huyt p khc.
- Trng hp tng Ca++ niu.
Tc dng khng mong mun (vit c 2 cho im ti a)

0,25

- Ri lon in gii: dng lu gy gim Na+, gim K+, gim Mg++ v tng
Ca++ mu dn n mt mi, nhc u, bun nn, chut rt. Nhim base
chuyn ho.
- Ri lon chuyn ho: tng acid uric mu gy bnh gt; tng glucose mu
lm nng thm bnh i ng; tng cholesterol mu.
- Gy d ng.
Cu III
1) Vin nn hydroclorothiazid
Dc cht rt t tan trong nc, m bo sinh kh dng vin cn s dng
cc t dc tng r v ha tan
- Avicel: t dc n, r, dnh kh
Lactose: t dc n
- Natri croscarmelose: t dc r, siu r theo c ch trng n
- PVP K-30: t dc dnh thn nc, tan trong nc v ethanol,
Nc tinh khit: dung mi ha tan PVP nho m

2,5
1,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

- Talc, magnesi stearat, Aerosil: t dc trn, chng dnh, iu ha s chy

0,25

- Natri laurylsulfat: t dc trn, cht din hot tng tnh thm t, ci thin
ha tan cho dc cht

0,25

2) Trnh by nhn ca l thuc cha 500 g bt hydroclorothiazid (nhn

nguyn liu):

1,0

Nhng ni dung bt buc cn phi c trn nhn: (0,25 im tng ng

vi 3 )
- Tn nguyn liu
- Hm lng hoc nng (nu c)
- Tiu chun ca nguyn liu
- Khi lng tnh hoc th tch
- S l sn xut, ngy sn xut
- Hn dng, iu kin bo qun
- S ng k(nu c)
- Tn, a ch c s sn xut, xut x ca thuc
- Tn, a ch c s nhp khu (i vi nguyn liu nhp khu)
V nhn ca l thuc

0,75

0,25

Cu IV:
Cy Kim ngn
- Tn cy thuc:
Mt s loi Kim ngn Lonicera japonica, L. dasystyla, L. confuse

2,5
0,5

H Kim ngn (Caprifoliaceae)

(Ghi ung 1 loi c im ti a)
- Phn b: Mc hoang, trng nhiu a phng khp nc ta

0,25

- B phn dng: Hoa, cnh l

0,25

- Thnh phn ha hc: (Vit 2 cho u im)

0,5

flavonoid
saponin
iridoid, carotenoid
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu dng: (ti a 1,00 )
iu tr vim nhim ng h hp trn hoc,

1,0
0,5

Vim amidan, vim hng, vim thanh qun

iu tr vim da, mn nht, d ng, sng v

0,5

Sc ung hoc dng ngoi

0,25

Hoa 6-15g, cnh l 10-30g

0,25

TRNG I HC DC
H NI

THI TT NGHIP DC S I HC
NM 2013
( CHNH THC)
Mn thi: L THUYT TNG HP Ln 2
Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp
)

H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Cu I: i cng v nhm thuc gim au, h st, chng vim

im)

(2,5

- Phn loi
- Tc dng, c ch tc dng gim au, h st, chng vim
- Tc dng khng mong mun.
Cu II: Paracetamol
- Tn khc
- Phng php iu ch chnh
- Tnh cht l, ha hc
- Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
- Dc ng hc
- Tc dng
- Ch nh

(3,0 im)

- Chng ch nh.
Cu III:

(2,0 im)

1) Trnh by k thut bo ch elixir paracetamol c cng thc nh sau:

Paracetamol
2,4 g
Ethanol 96%

10,0 ml

Propylen glycol

10,0 ml

Cn cloroform 5%

2,0 ml

Siro n

27,5 ml

Dung dch Amaranth (BP80)

0,2 ml

Dch chit qu mm xi (BP80)

2,5 ml

Glycerin va

100 ml

2) Trnh by cc ni dung qung co l thuc trn vi phng tin qung co l

i pht thanh, truyn hnh.
Cu IV: Cy Bch ch
(2,5 im)
- Tn cy thuc (tn, h Vit Nam, tn khoa hc)
- Phn b
- B phn dng
- K tn cc thnh phn ha hc chnh
- Cng dng, cch dng, liu lng.
B Y t
Trng i hc dc h ni

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
p n v thang im

Chm thi tt nghip Dc s i hc nm 2013

Mn: L thuyt tng hp Ln 2
p n

im

Cu I: Trnh by i cng v nhm thuc gim au h st chng

vim:

2,5

Phn loi (vit c 5 nhm cho im ti a)

0,25

- Dn cht Acid salicylic

- Dn cht Pyrazolon
- Dn cht Indol
- Dn cht Oxicam
- Dn cht Acid propionic
- Dn cht Acid phenylacetic
- Dn cht Acid fenamic
- Nhm Coxib
- Nhm Aminophenol (dn cht Anilin)
- Dn cht Acid floctafenic
Tc dng v c ch tc dng:
- Tc dng h st
+ Thuc c ch prostaglandin synthetase, lm gim tng hp PGE 1 v
PGE2, c ch qu trnh sinh nhit, tng cng qu trnh thi nhit, lm h st.

0,25

+ Tc dng h st: thuc h st do bt k nguyn nhn no v ch c tc

dng iu tr triu chng, khng h thn nhit ngi khng st

0,25

- Tc dng gim au
+ C ch gim au: thuc gim tng hp PGF 2, lm gim tnh cm th
ca ngn dy thn kinh cm gic vi cc cht gy au ca phn ng vim nh
bradykinin, serotonin

0,25

+ Tc dng gim au: gim au t nh n va, gim au ngoi vi, tc

dng tt vi cc loi au do vim.

0,25

- Tc dng chng vim

+ C ch chng vim: thuc c ch enzym cyclooxygenase (COX), ngn
cn tng hp prostaglandin l cht trung gian ha hc gy vim, lm gim qu
trnh vim.

0,25

Tc dng khng mong mun

- Trn tiu ha: kch ng, au thng v, nng hn l lot d dy t trng,
xut huyt tiu ha
- Trn mu: ko di thi gian ng mu, tng nguy c chy mu
- Trn thn: gim lu lng qua thn, gim sc lc cu thn, nguy c
nc, tng kali mu v vim thn k
- Trn h hp: gy cn hen gi trn ngi khng b hen hoc lm tng cn
hen ngi hen ph qun
- Cc tc dng khng mong mun khc: mn cm, c vi gan, d tt thai
nhi (nu dng thuc trong 3 thng u), ko di thi k mang thai v chuyn
d, xut huyt khi sinh
Cu II: Paracetamol
Tn khc:
Acetaminophen

0,25
0,25
0,25

0,25

3,0
0,25

Phng php iu ch chnh hin nay

- V s ng hoc m t ng: Kh ha p-aminophenol sau acetyl
ha bng anhydrid acetic trong dung mi acid acetic
Tnh cht l, ha hc v phng php nh tnh (mi cho 0,25 im, ti a
1,00 im)
- Bt kt tinh trng, khng mi, v ng nh, hi tan trong nc, tan nhiu
hn trong nc si, rt kh tan trong cloroform, ether, tan trong ethanol v cc
dung dch kim. Dung dch bo ho trong nc c pH khong 5,3-5,6;
pKa=9,51.
- Nhn thm hp th nh sng t ngoi ng dng trong nh tnh
- Nhm OH phenol tc dng vi dung dch mui st III cho mu tm ng
dng trong nh tnh
- Thy phn bng dung dch HCl, thm TT kalibicromat c mu tm ng
dng trong nh tnh
- Thy phn bng dung dch HCl, dch thy phn cho phn ng to phm

0,25

1,00

mu nit ng dng trong nh tnh

- un nng vi acid sulfuric c mi acid acetic ng dng trong nh tnh
Phng php nh lng (vit c 1 cho u im)

0,25

- Phng php o nit: V c ho, gii phng nit di dng NH 3, cho cht
ny tc dng vi H2SO4 0,1 N d v nh lng acid d bng NaOH 0,1 N.
- Thu phn bng acid ri nh lng p. aminophenol bng php o nitrit
hoc nh lng bng php o ceri IV.
- Bng o ph t ngoi trong mi trng methanol hoc mi trng kim.
Dc ng hc (vit c 2 cho u im)

0,25

- Hp thu nhanh, gn nh hon ton qua ng tiu ha, t nng ti a sau

30-60 pht
- Phn b nhanh ti hu ht cc m trong c th. Lin kt vi protein huyt
tng 25%.
- Chuyn ha gan (oxy ha bi CYP450, lin hp glutathion)
- Thi tr qua nc tiu dng chuyn ha
Tc dng
- Gim au, h st, khng c tc dng chng vim

0,25

- C tc dng h st khi c th b st do bt k nguyn nhn no. Thuc

khng gy h thn nhit ngi bnh thng

0,25

Ch nh

0,25

- Gim au do cc cn au ngoi vi t nh n trung bnh: au u, rng, au

bng kinh
- H st do mi nguyn nhn
Chng ch nh (vit c hai cho u im)
- Qu mn vi paracetamol

0,25

- Thiu men G6PD

- Bnh gan
Cu III
1) K thut bo ch elixir paracetamol
- ong ethanol 96%, propylen glycol, cn cloroform cho vo dng c thch
hp, khuy u
- Cn paracetamol ri ha tan hon ton vo hn hp dung mi trn
- ong siro n, trn u vi dung dch trn
- Thm ln lt dung dch Amaranth, dch chit qu mm xi vo, khuy
u

1,0
0,25
0,25

0,25

- Thm glycerin va th tch, khuy u

- Lc qua mng lc c kch thc l lc 5 m
- ng chai, dn nhn ng quy ch.
2) Trnh by cc ni dung qung co l thuc trn vi phng tin qung co
l i pht thanh, truyn hnh
- Tn thuc

0,25
1,0
0,25

- Thnh phn hot cht

- Ch nh
- Chng ch nh v/hoc nhng khuyn co cho cc i tng c bit nh
ph n c thai, ngi ang cho con b, tr em

0,25

- Tn, a ch ca c s sn xut thuc (c th thm tn, a ch ca nh

phn phi)

0,25

- Li dn c k hng dn s dng trc khi dng

Cu IV:
Cy Bch ch
- Tn cy thuc (vit ng mt tn khoa hc):
Angelica dahurica hoc Angelica anomala

0,25
2,5
0,5

H Cn (Apiaceae)
- Phn b: Cy thuc c ngun gc Trung Quc, c trng nhiu ni Vit

0,25

Nam
- B phn dng: R

0,25

- Thnh phn ha hc chnh:

0,5

Tinh du
Coumarin
Tinh bt
- Cng dng, liu dng:
+ Cha cm cm, nhc u, c th au mi
Ngy 4-12g dng bt, hon tn, thuc sc, dng ring hay kt hp vi cc
v thuc khc

0,25
0,25

+ Cha au xng khp, t mi

0,25

Ngy 6-12g dng thuc sc, dng kt hp vi cc v thuc khc.

0,25

 THI TT NGHIP CAO NG NM 2013

TRNG I HC DC
H NI
( CHNH THC)
Mn thi: L THUYT TNG HP
Thi gian: 150 phut (Khng k thi gian pht/chp
)
H v tn sinh vin:

M sinh vin:

Anh (ch) hy trnh by cc n i dung sau:

Cu I (2,0 im): i cng v nhm thuc gim au, h st, chng vim
- Phn loi
- Tc dng chung
- Tc dng khng mong mun.
Cu II (3,0 im): Aspirin
- Tn khc
- Tnh cht l hc
- Phng php nh tnh, nh lng
- Tc dng
- Ch nh
- Chng ch nh.

Cu III (2,5 im):

1) Cho cng thc 1 vin nn bao tan trong rut sau:
Aspirin
100 mg
Avicel PH101

45 mg

Tinh bt bin tnh

25 mg

PVP K-30

4 mg

Ethanol 96%

0,04 ml

Talc

5 mg

Acid stearic

2 mg

T dc bao

va

- Nu vai tr cc t dc trong cng thc vin nn

- Trnh by cc bc bo ch vin nn trn (khng cn trnh by phn bao
vin).
2) Trnh by cc ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn v thuc Aspirin trn.
Cu IV (2,5 im): Cy He
- Tn cy thuc (tn, h Vit Nam; tn, h La tinh)
- Phn b
- B phn dng
- Tn cc thnh phn ha hc chnh
- Cng dng, cch dng.
B Y t
Trng i hc dc h ni

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

p n v thang im
Chm thi tt nghip Cao ng nm 2013
Mn: L thuyt tng hp
p n

im

Cu I: Trnh by i cng v nhm thuc gim au h st chng

vim:

2,0

Phn loi (vit c 5 nhm cho im ti a)

0,5

- Dn cht Acid salicylic

- Dn cht Pyrazolon
- Dn cht Indol
- Dn cht Oxicam
- Dn cht Acid propionic
- Dn cht Acid phenylacetic
- Dn cht Acid fenamic
- Nhm Coxib
- Nhm Aminophenol (dn cht Anilin)
- Dn cht Acid floctafenic
Tc dng:
- Tc dng h st
+ Thuc c ch prostaglandin synthetase, c ch qu trnh sinh nhit,
tng cng qu trnh thi nhit, lm h st.

0,25

+ Thuc h st do bt k nguyn nhn no v ch c tc dng iu tr

triu chng, khng h thn nhit ngi khng st
- Tc dng gim au
Tc dng gim au t nh n va, gim au ngoi vi, tc dng tt vi cc
loi au do vim.
- Tc dng chng vim
+ Thuc c ch enzym cyclooxygenase (COX), ngn cn tng hp
prostaglandin l cht trung gian ha hc gy vim, lm gim qu trnh vim.
Tc dng khng mong mun
- Trn tiu ha: kch ng, au thng v, nng hn l lot d dy t trng, xut
huyt tiu ha

0,25

0,25

0,25

- Trn mu: ko di thi gian ng mu, tng nguy c chy mu.

- Trn thn: gim lu lng qua thn, gim sc lc cu thn, nguy c nc,
tng kali mu v vim thn k
- Trn h hp: gy cn hen gi trn ngi khng b hen hoc lm tng cn hen
ngi hen ph qun
- Cc tc dng khng mong mun khc: mn cm, c vi gan, ko di thi k
mang thai v chuyn d, xut huyt khi sinh

0,25

0,25

Cu II: Aspirin

3,0

Tn khc: Acid acetylsalicylic

0,25

Tnh cht l hc
- Tinh th khng mu hay bt kt tinh trng.
- Kh tan trong nc, d tan trong ethanol 96%; tan trong cc dung dch kim
long.
- Nhn thm hp th nh sng t ngoi, c ph hng ngoi c trng.
Phng php nh tnh

0,25

Thu phn chc ester bng cch un vi dung dch NaOH. Sau khi
ngui, acid ho dung dch s c ta acid salicylic. Lc tch ta v dch lc:
+ Phn ta ra sch cho mu tm vi thuc th st III clorid
+ Phn dch lc em trung tnh ho bng CaCO 3 (lc nu cn) sau thm
thuc th st III clorid th s c mu hng

0,25
0,25

Phng php nh lng

- Phng php trung ha: trung ho nhm chc acid bng dung dch NaOH
0,1 N vi ch th phenolphthalein, trong mi trng ethanol.

0,25

- Phng php tha tr: Cho ch phm tc dng vi mt lng kim d

thu phn chc ester sau nh lng kim d bng acid chun.

0,25

Tc dng
- Gim au, h st, chng vim.
- Chng ngng kt tiu cu
Ch nh

0,25
0,25

- iu tr cc cn au cp: au do vim xng khp, au bng kinh, au u...

- iu tr vim : thp khp, vim khp dng thp cp v mn
- H st : do cc nguyn nhn (tr st xut huyt)

0,25

- Phng chng vim tc tnh mch huyt khi, nhi mu c tim, t qu.

0,25

Chng ch nh (vit c 3 cho u im)

- Vim lot d dy t trng tin trin
- Ngi c thi gian ng mu ko di hoc d chy mu: gim tiu cu, st
xut huyt
- Suy gan, thn nng
- Hen ph qun
- Ngi mang thai v thi k cho con b
- Ngi mn cm thuc
Cu III:
1) Vin nn aspirin
- Avicel: t dc n, r
- Tinh bt bin tnh: t dc r

0,50

2,5
0,25

- PVP K-30: t dc dnh. Ethanol 96%: dung mi ha tan PVP

0,25

- Talc, acid stearic: t dc trn

0,25

K thut bo ch
- Nghin v ry nguyn liu
- Trn bt kp dc cht vi Avicel, tnh bt bin tnh

0,25

- Thm dung dch PVP vo khi bt nho m, xt ht, sy ht

0,25

- Trn t dc trn. Dp vin vi b chy ci c kch thc ph hp, kim tra

khi lng v cng vin.

0,25

2) Trnh by cc ni dung bt buc phi c trn nhn v thuc Aspirin trn

- Tn thuc
- Hot cht, hm lng
- S l sn xut, hn dng
- Tn c s sn xut: Tn c s sn xut c th vit tt nhng phi bo m
nhn din c tn c s sn xut

0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

Cu IV: Cy He
Tn cy thuc

2,5

- Tn, h Vit Nam: Cy he, h u

0,25

- Tn, h La tinh: Trnh by c 1 trong 2 tn sau:

Sophora japonica, Fabaceae

0,5

Styphnolobium japonicum, Fabaceae

Phn b
- Trn th gii: Trung Quc, Triu Tin, Nht Bn
- Vit Nam: Trng nhiu mt s tnh, nhiu nht Thi Bnh
B phn dng: N hoa

0,25
0,25

Cc thnh phn ha hc chnh

- K c tn mt trong cc thnh phn sau: flavonoid, rutin, quercetin

0,5

Cng dng, cch dng

- N he sao vng:
+ Dng trong cc bnh huyt p cao, au tht ng mch vnh, au mt ,
au u.

0,25

+ Dc liu sao vng, sc ung, c th phi hp thm vi mt s dc liu

khc
- N he sao en:
+ Dng trong cc trng hp chy mu cam, l, tr, chy mu, ph n bng
huyt, i tiu tin ra mu

0,25

+ Dc liu sao en sc ung, c th phi hp thm vi mt s dc liu

khc.
- N he: Trnh by c 1 trong 2 sau:
+ N he l ngun nguyn liu chit xut rutin
+ Rutin: c hot tnh vitamin P, lm bn v gim tnh thm ca thnh mch.
Dng phng nhng bin c ca bnh x va ng mch, iu tr cc
trng hp suy yu tnh mch, xut huyt.

0,25

Vin nn 0,02g, c th c dng phi hp vi vitamin C hoc vi mt s hot

cht khc