For other uses, see Kahlil Gibran (disambiguation).

"Gebran" and "Gibran" redirect here. For other uses, see Gebran (disambiguation).

Kahlil Gibran

Kahlil Gibran, April 1913

Born

Jubran Khalil Jubran

January 6, 1883
Bsharri, Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Ottoman Syria

Died

April 10, 1931 (aged 48)

New York City, United States

Occupation

Poet, painter, writer, philosopher, theologian, visual

artist

Nationality

Lebanese and American

Genre

Poetry, parable, short story

Literary movement

Mahjar, New York Pen League

Notable works

The Prophet, Broken Wings

Kahlil Gibran (/dbrn/;[1] Full Arabic name Gibran Khalil Gibran, sometimes spelled Kahlil;[a] Arabic:
/ ALA-LC: Jubrn Khall Jubrn or Jibrn Khall Jibrn) (January 6, 1883 April 10, 1931) was
a Lebanese-American artist, poet, and writer of the New York Pen League.

Gibran was born in the town of Bsharri[7] in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Ottoman Empire (north of modernday Lebanon), to Khalil Gibran and Kamila Gibran (Rahmeh). As a young man Gibran immigrated with his family
to the United States, where he studied art and began his literary career, writing in both English and Arabic. In the
Arab world, Gibran is regarded as a literary and political rebel. His romantic style was at the heart of a
renaissance in modern Arabic literature, especially prose poetry, breaking away from the classical school. In
Lebanon, he is still celebrated as a literary hero.[8]
He is chiefly known in the English-speaking world for his 1923 book The Prophet, an early example
of inspirational fiction including a series of philosophical essays written in poetic English prose. The book sold
well despite a cool critical reception, gaining popularity in the 1930s and again especially in the 1960s
counterculture.[8][9] Gibran is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind Shakespeare and Laozi.[9]
Contents
[hide]

1Life
o

1.1Early years

1.2Debuts, growing fame, and personal life

1.3Death

2Writings
o

2.1Style and recurring themes

2.2Reception and influence

3Visual art

4Religious views

5Political thought

6Works

7Memorials and honors

8Notes

9References

9.1Citations

9.2Sources
10External links

Life[edit]
Early years[edit]
Gibran was born into a Maronite Catholic family from the historical town of Bsharri in northern Mount Lebanon,
then a semi-autonomous part of the Ottoman Empire.[10] His mother, Kamila, daughter of a priest, was thirty when
he was born; his father, Khalil, was her third husband.[11][12] As a result of his family's poverty, Gibran received no
formal schooling during his youth in Lebanon.[13] However, priests visited him regularly and taught him about the
Bible and the Arabic language (Lebanese Arabic).

Gibran's home in Bsharri.

Gibran's father initially worked in an apothecary, but with gambling debts he was unable to pay, he went to work
for a local Ottoman-appointed administrator.[14][15] Around 1891, extensive complaints by angry subjects led to the
administrator being removed and his staff being investigated.[16] Gibran's father was imprisoned for
embezzlement,[9] and his family's property was confiscated by the authorities. Kamila Gibran decided to follow her
brother to the United States. Although Gibran's father was released in 1894, Kamila remained resolved and left
for New York on June 25, 1895, taking Khalil, his younger sisters Mariana and Sultana, and his elder half-brother
Peter (in Arabic, Butrus).[14]

Kahlil Gibran, photograph by Fred Holland Day, c. 1898.

The Gibrans settled in Boston's South End, at the time the second-largest Syrian-Lebanese-American
community[17] in the United States. Due to a mistake at school, he was registered as "Kahlil Gibran".[2] His mother
began working as a seamstress[16] peddler, selling lace and linens that she carried from door to door. Gibran
started school on September 30, 1895. School officials placed him in a special class for immigrants to learn
English. Gibran also enrolled in an art school at Denison House, a nearby settlement house. Through his
teachers there, he was introduced to the avant-garde Boston artist, photographer, and publisher Fred Holland
Day,[9] who encouraged and supported Gibran in his creative endeavors. A publisher used some of Gibran's
drawings for book covers in 1898.
Gibran's mother, along with his elder brother Peter, wanted him to absorb more of his own heritage rather than
just the Western aesthetic culture he was attracted to.[16] Thus, at the age of fifteen, Gibran returned to his
homeland to study at a Maronite-run preparatory school and higher-education institute in Beirut, called "al-Hikma"
(The Wisdom). He started a student literary magazine with a classmate and was elected "college poet". He
stayed there for several years before returning to Boston in 1902, coming through Ellis Island (a second time) on
May 10.[18] Two weeks before he returned to Boston, his sister Sultana died of tuberculosis at the age of 14. The
year after, Peter died of the same disease and his mother died of cancer. His sister Mariana supported Gibran
and herself by working at a dressmaker's shop.[9]

Debuts, growing fame, and personal life[edit]

Gibran was an accomplished artist, especially in drawing and watercolor, having attended the Acadmie
Julian [19]art school in Paris from 1908 to 1910, pursuing a symbolist and romantic style over the then up-andcoming realism.[citation needed] Gibran held his first art exhibition of his drawings in 1904 in Boston, at Day's studio.
[9]
During this exhibition, Gibran met Mary Elizabeth Haskell, a respected headmistress ten years his senior. The

two formed an important friendship that lasted the rest of Gibran's life. The nature of their romantic relationship
remains obscure; while some biographers assert the two were lovers[20] but never married because Haskell's
family objected,[8] other evidence suggests that their relationship never was physically consummated.[9] Haskell
later married another man, but then she continued to support Gibran financially and to use her influence to
advance his career.[21] She became his editor, and introduced him to Charlotte Teller, a journalist, and Emilie
Michel (Micheline), a French teacher, who accepted to pose for him as a model and became close friends.[22] In
1908, Gibran went to study art in Paris for two years. While there he met his art study partner and lifelong
friend Youssef Howayek.[23] While most of Gibran's early writings were in Arabic, most of his work published after
1918 was in English. His first book for the publishing company Alfred A. Knopf, in 1918, was The Madman, a slim
volume of aphorisms and parables written in biblical cadence somewhere between poetry and prose. Gibran also
took part in the New York Pen League, also known as the "immigrant poets" (al-mahjar), alongside important
Lebanese-American authors such as Ameen Rihani, Elia Abu Madi, and Mikhail Naimy, a close friend and
distinguished master of Arabic literature, whose descendants Gibran declared to be his own children, and whose
nephew, Samir, is a godson of Gibran's.

Death[edit]

Kahlil Gibran memorial in

Washington, D.C.

Kahlil Gibran memorial

in Boston, Massachusetts.
Gibran died in New York City on April 10, 1931, at the age of 48. The causes were cirrhosis of the liver
and tuberculosis. Gibran expressed the wish that he be buried in Lebanon. This wish was fulfilled in 1932, when
Mary Haskell and his sister Mariana purchased the Mar Sarkis Monastery in Lebanon, which has since become
the Gibran Museum. Written next to Gibran's grave are the words "a word I want to see written on my grave: I am
alive like you, and I am standing beside you. Close your eyes and look around, you will see me in front of you."[24]
Gibran willed the contents of his studio to Mary Haskell. There she discovered her letters to him spanning twentythree years. She initially agreed to burn them because of their intimacy, but recognizing their historical value she
saved them. She gave them, along with his letters to her which she had also saved, to the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill Library before she died in 1964. Excerpts of the over six hundred letters were published in
"Beloved Prophet" in 1972.

The Gibran Museum and Gibran's final resting place, in Bsharri.

Mary Haskell Minis (she wed Jacob Florance Minis in 1923) donated her personal collection of nearly one
hundred original works of art by Gibran to the Telfair Museum of Art in Savannah, Georgia in 1950. Haskell had
been thinking of placing her collection at the Telfair as early as 1914. In a letter to Gibran, she wrote "I am
thinking of other museums ... the unique little Telfair Gallery in Savannah, Ga., that Gari Melchers chooses
pictures for. There when I was a visiting child, form burst upon my astonished little soul." Haskell's gift to the
Telfair is the largest public collection of Gibran's visual art in the country, consisting of five oils and numerous
works on paper rendered in the artist's lyrical style, which reflects the influence of symbolism. The future
American royalties to his books were willed to his hometown of Bsharri, to be "used for good causes".

Writings[edit]
Style and recurring themes[edit]
Gibran was a great admirer of poet and writer Francis Marrash,[25][26] whose works he had studied at alHikma school in Beirut.[27] According to orientalist Shmuel Moreh, Gibran's own works echo Marrash's style, many
of his ideas, and at times even the structure of some of his works;[28] Suheil Bushrui and Joe Jenkins have
mentioned Marrash's concept of universal love, in particular, in having left a "profound impression" on Gibran.
[27]
The poetry of Gibran often uses formal language and spiritual terms; as one of his poems reveals: "But let
there be spaces in your togetherness and let the winds of the heavens dance between you. Love one another but
make not a bond of love: let it rather be a moving sea between the shores of your souls." [29]
Many of Gibran's writings deal with Christianity, especially on the topic of spiritual love. But his mysticism is a
convergence of several different influences: Christianity, Islam, Judaism and theosophy. He wrote: "You are my
brother and I love you. I love you when you prostrate yourself in your mosque, and kneel in your church and pray
in your synagogue. You and I are sons of one faiththe Spirit."[30]

Reception and influence[edit]

Gibran's best-known work is The Prophet, a book composed of twenty-six poetic essays. Its popularity grew
markedly during the 1960s with the American counterculture and then with the flowering of the New
Age movements. It has remained popular with these and with the wider population to this day. Since it was first
published in 1923, The Prophet has never been out of print. Having been translated into more than forty
languages,[31] it was one of the bestselling books of the twentieth century in the United States.
Elvis Presley was deeply affected by Gibran's The Prophet after receiving his first copy in 1956. He reportedly
read passages to his mother and over the years gave away copies of "The Prophet" to friends and colleagues.
Photographs of his handwritten notes under certain passages throughout his copy are archived on various
Museum websites. One of his most notable lines of poetry is from "Sand and Foam" (1926), which reads: "Half of
what I say is meaningless, but I say it so that the other half may reach you". This line was used by John
Lennon and placed, though in a slightly altered form, into the song "Julia" from The Beatles' 1968 album The
Beatles (aka "The White Album").[32] Johnny Cash recorded Gibran's "The Eye of the Prophet" as an audio
cassette book, and Cash can be heard talking about Gibran's work on a track called "Book Review"
on Unearthed. David Bowie mentions Gibran in the song "The Width Of a Circle" from Bowie's 1970 album The
Man Who Sold the World. Bowie used Gibran as a "hip reference",[33] because Gibran's work "A Tear and a Smile"
became popular in the hippy counterculture of the 1960s. In 2016 Gibran's fable On Death was composed in
Hebrew by Gilad Hochman to the unique setting of soprano, theorbo and percussion and premiered in France
under the title River of Silence.[34]

Visual art[edit]

Selfportrait, ca 1911

His more than seven hundred images include portraits of his friends WB Yeats, Carl Jung and Auguste Rodin.[8] A
possible Gibran painting was the subject of a September 2008 episode of the PBS TV series History Detectives.
His drawings collected by Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art in Doha.

Religious views[edit]
Gibran was born into a Maronite Christian family and raised in Maronite schools. He was influenced not only by
his own religion but also by Islam, and especially by the mysticism of the Sufis. His knowledge of Lebanon's
bloody history, with its destructive factional struggles, strengthened his belief in the fundamental unity of religions,
which his parents exemplified by welcoming people of various religions in their home.[27] Themes of influence in
his work were Islamic/Arabic art, European Classicism and Romanticism (William Blake and Auguste Rodin,) preRaphaelite Brotherhood, and more modern symbolism and surrealism.[35] Major personal influences on Gibran
include Fred Holland Day, Josephine Preston Peabody[36] who called Gibran himself a "prophet", and Mary
Haskell who was his patron. Gibran also worked with St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery on a number of
occasions[37] both in terms of art like his drawings and readings of his work,[38][39] and in religious matters.[40]
Gibran had a number of strong connections to the Bah' Faith. One of Gibran's acquaintances later in life, Juliet
Thompson, reported several anecdotes relating to Gibran. She recalled Gibran had met 'Abdu'l-Bah, the leader
of the religion at the time of his visit to the United States, circa 1911[14]1912.[41] Gibran was unable to sleep the
night before meeting him in person to draw his portrait.[27][42] Thompson reported Gibran later saying that all the
way through writing Jesus, the Son of Man, he thought of `Abdu'l-Bah. Years later, after the death of `Abdu'lBah, Gibran gave a talk on religion with Bah's[40] and at another event with a viewing of a movie of `Abdu'lBah, Gibran rose to talk and proclaimed in tears an exalted station of `Abdu'l-Bah and left the event weeping.
[41]
A noted scholar on Gibran is Suheil Bushrui from Gibran's native Lebanon, also a Bah',[43] published more
than one volume about him[27][44] and served as the Kahlil Gibran Chair for Values and Peace at the University of
Maryland[8][45] and winner of the Juliet Hollister Awards from the Temple of Understanding.[46]

Political thought[edit]
Gibran was by no means a politician. He used to say : "I am not a politician, nor do I wish to become one" and
"Spare me the political events and power struggles, as the whole earth is my homeland and all men are my fellow
countrymen."[47]
Nevertheless, Gibran called for the adoption of Arabic as a national language of Syria, considered from a
geographic point of view, not as a political entity.[48] When Gibran met 'Abdu'l-Bah in 191112, who traveled to
the United States partly to promote peace, Gibran admired the teachings on peace but argued that "young
nations like his own" be freed from Ottoman control.[14] Gibran also wrote the famous "Pity The Nation" poem
during these years, posthumously published in The Garden of The Prophet.[49]
When the Ottomans were eventually driven out of Syria during World War I, Gibran sketched a euphoric drawing
"Free Syria" which was then printed on the special edition cover of the Lebanese paper al-Sa'ih; and in a draft of
a play, Gibran expressed his desire for Lebanese independence and progress.[50] This play, according to Khalil
Hawi, "defines Gibran's belief in Syrian nationalism with great clarity, distinguishing it from
both Lebanese and Arab nationalism, and showing us that nationalism lived in his mind, even at this late stage,
side by side with internationalism."[51]

Works[edit]
In Arabic:

Nubthah fi Fan Al-Musiqa (Music, 1905)

Ara'is al-Muruj (Nymphs of the Valley, also translated as Spirit Brides and Brides of the Prairie, 1906)

Al-Arwah al-Mutamarrida (Rebellious Spirits, 1908)

Al-Ajniha al-Mutakassira (Broken Wings, 1912)

Dam'a wa Ibtisama (A Tear and A Smile, 1914)

Al-Mawakib (The Processions, 1919)

Al-'Awsif (The Tempests, 1920)

Al-Bada'i' waal-Tara'if (The New and the Marvellous, 1923)

In English, prior to his death:

Illustration from The madman, his parables and poems

The Madman (1918) (transcriptions: wikisource, gutenberg)

Twenty Drawings (1919)

The Forerunner (1920)

The Prophet, (1923)

Sand and Foam (1926)

Kingdom of the Imagination (1927)

Jesus, The Son of Man (1928)

The Earth Gods (1931)

Posthumous, in English:

The Wanderer (1932)

The Garden of The Prophet (1933, completed by Barbara Young)

Lazarus and his Beloved (Play, 1933)

Collections:

Prose Poems (1934)

Secrets of the Heart (1947)

A Treasury of Kahlil Gibran (1951)

A Self-Portrait (1959)

Thoughts and Meditations (1960)

A Second Treasury of Kahlil Gibran (1962)

Spiritual Sayings (1962)

Voice of the Master (1963)

Mirrors of the Soul (1965)

Between Night & Morn (1972)

A Third Treasury of Kahlil Gibran (1975)

The Storm (1994)

The Beloved (1994)

The Vision (1994)

Eye of the Prophet (1995)

The Treasured Writings of Kahlil Gibran (1995)

Other:

Beloved Prophet, The love letters of Khalil Gibran and Mary Haskell, and her private journal (1972,
edited by Virginia Hilu)

Memorials and honors[edit]

Bust of Gibran in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (left) and Yerevan, Armenia (right).

Lebanese Ministry of Post and Telecommunications published a stamp in his honor in 1971.

Gibran Museum in Bsharri, Lebanon

Gibran Khalil Gibran Garden, Beirut, Lebanon

Gibran Khalil Gibran collection, Museo Soumaya, Mexico.

Kahlil Gibran Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada inaugurated on September 27, 2008 on occasion of the
125th anniversary of his birth.

Gibran Kahlil Gibran Skiing Piste, The Cedars Ski Resort, Lebanon

Kahlil Gibran Memorial Garden in Washington, D.C.,[52] dedicated in 1990

Elmaz Abinader, Children of Al-Mahjar: Arab American Literature Spans a Century[53]

Gibran Memorial Plaque in Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts see Kahlil Gibran (sculptor).

Khalil Gibran International Academy, a public high school in Brooklyn, NY, opened in September 2007

Kahlil Gibran, Bust, Yerevan, Armenia (2005)[54][55]

Khalil Gibran School Rabat, Moroccan and British international school in Rabat, Morocco

Pavilion K. Gibran at cole Pasteur in Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Khalil Gibran Park (Parcul Khalil Gibran) in Bucharest, Romania

Gibran Kalil Gibran sculpture on a marble pedestal indoors at Arab Memorial building at Curitiba,
Paran, Brazil
Gibran Khalil Gibran Memorial, in front of Plaza de las Naciones, Buenos Aires.

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bust (see photo on right)

Gibran Khalil Gibran Cultural Space in northern Caracas, Venezuela.

Notes[edit]
1.

Jump up^ Due to a mistake at a school in the United States, he was registered as Kahlil Gibran, the
spelling he used thenceforth.,[2] Other sources use Khalil Gibran, reflecting the typical English spelling of the
forename Khalil. In academic contexts, his name is sometimes spelled Jubrn Khall Jubrn,[3][4] Jibrn Khall Jibrn,[3]
[5]
or more rarely Jibrn Xall Jibrn.[6]

References[edit]
Citations[edit]
1.

Jump up^ "Gibran". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

2.

^ Jump up to:a b Gibran 1998: 29

3.

^ Jump up to:a b Starkey, Paul (2006). Modern Arabic Literature. The New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 217. ISBN 0-7486-1291-2.

4.

Jump up^ Allen, Roger (2000). An Introduction to Arabic Literature. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge
University Press. p. 255. ISBN 0-521-77230-3.

5.

Jump up^ Badawi, M. M., ed. (1992). Modern Arabic Literature. The Cambridge History of Arabic
Literature. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-521-33197-5.

6.

Jump up^ Cachia, Pierre (2002). Arabic LiteratureAn Overview. Culture and Civilization in the Middle
East. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 189. ISBN 0-7007-1725-0.

7.

Jump up^ Freeth, Becky (27 April 2015). "Salma Hayek is sophisticated in florals as she visits Lebanon
museum". Daily Mail Online.

8.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet: Why is it so loved?, BBC News, May 12, 2012, Retrieved
May 12, 2012.

9.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Acocella, Joan (January 7, 2008). "Prophet Motive". The New Yorker. Retrieved
March 9, 2009.

10.
11.

12.

Jump up^ Jagadisan, S."Called by Life", The Hindu, January 5, 2003, accessed July 11, 2007
Jump up^ "Khalil Gibran (18831931)", biography at Cornell University library on-line site, retrieved
February 4, 2008
Jump up^ "Gibran - Birth and Childhood". leb.net.

13.

Jump up^ "Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931)". Middle East & Islamic Studies. Cornell University Library.
Retrieved 10 November 2015.

14.

^ Jump up to:a b c d Cole, Juan. "Chronology of his Life". Juan Cole's Khalil Gibran Page Writings,
Paintings, Hotlinks, New Translations. Professor Juan R.I. Cole. Retrieved January 2, 2009.

15.

Jump up^ Walbridge, John. "Gibran, his Aesthetic, and his Moral Universe". Juan Cole's Kahlil Gibran
Page Writings, Paintings, Hotlinks, New Translations. Professor Juan R.I. Cole. Retrieved January 2, 2009.

16.

^ Jump up to:a b c Mcharek, Sana (March 3, 2006). "Khalil Gibran and other Arab American Prophets" (PDF).
approved thesis. Florida State University. Retrieved January 2, 2009.

17.

Jump up^ "Khalil Gibran". Cornell University Library.

18.

Jump up^ "Passenger Record". Records of Ellis Island. The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc.
Retrieved January 2, 2009.

19.

Jump up^ Robin Waterfield, Prophet: The Life and Times of Kahlil Gibran

20.

Jump up^ Salem Otto, Annie, The Love letters of Kahlil Gibran and Mary Haskell, Houston, 1964

21.

Jump up^ Alexandre Najjar, Kahlil Gibran, a biography, Saqi, 2008, chapter 7 (p.79), "Beloved Mary"

22.

Jump up^ Najjar, op.cit, p.59

23.

Jump up^ Yusuf Huwayyik, Gibran in Paris, New York : Popular Library, 1976

24.

Jump up^ Waterfield, Robin (1998). Prophet: The Life and Times of Kahlil Gibran. St. Martin's Press.
pp. 281282.

25.

Jump up^ Moreh, Shmuel (1976). Modern Arabic Poetry 18001970: the Development of its Forms and
Themes under the Influence of Western Literature. Brill. p. 45. ISBN 978-9004047952.

26.

Jump up^ Jayyusi, Salma Khadra (1977). Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry. Volume I. Brill.
p. 23. ISBN 978-9004049208.

27.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e Bushrui, Suheil B.; Jenkins, Joe (1998). Kahlil Gibran, Man and Poet: a New
Biography. Oneworld Publications. p. 55. ISBN 978-1851682676.

28.

Jump up^ Moreh, Shmuel (1988). Studies in Modern Arabic Prose and Poetry. Brill. p. 95. ISBN 9789004083592.

29.

Jump up^ "But let there be spaces in... at BrainyQuote". Brainyquote.com. April 10, 1931.
Retrieved December 22, 2012.

30.

Jump up^ Alexandre Najjar, Kahlil Gibran, a biography, Saqi, 2008, p.150

31.

Jump up^ "Alwehar.com". Alhewar.com. December 3, 1995. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

32.

Jump up^ "BBC World Service: The Man Behind the Prophet". Bbc.co.uk. May 7, 2012.
Retrieved December 22, 2012.

33.

Jump up^ "Pushing Ahead of the Dame". Retrieved January 25, 2016.

34.

Jump up^ "River of Silence". YouTube. April 10, 2016.

35.

Jump up^ Curriculum Guide For the Film, Kahlil Gibrans The Prophet, by Journeys in Film, 2015

36.

Jump up^ "Peabody, Josephine Preston, 1874-1922". Harvard.

37.

Jump up^ Kimberly Nichols (April 16, 2013). "The Brothers Guthrie: Pagan Christianity of the Early 20th
Century". Newtopia Magazine. Archived from the original on Dec 17, 2014. Retrieved Apr 5, 2016.

38.

Jump up^ "The Rev. Dr. William Norman Guthrie". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. Oct
24, 1931. p. 11. Retrieved Mar 25, 2016.

39.

Jump up^ "St. Mark's-in-the-Bouwerie". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. Nov 8, 1919.
p. 16. Retrieved Mar 25, 2016.

40.

^ Jump up to:a b "Do we need a new world religion to unite the old religions?". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle.
Brooklyn, New York. Mar 26, 1921. p. 7. Retrieved Mar 25, 2016.

41.

^ Jump up to:a b Thompson, Juliet (1978). "Juliet Remembers Gibran as told to Marzieh Gail". World
Order. 12 (4). pp. 2931.

42.

Jump up^ Kahlil Gibran; Barbara Young (1986). This Man from Lebanon: A Study of Kahlil Gibran. Knopf.

43.

Jump up^ Lebanon: Situation of Baha'is, Government of Canada, 2004-04-16

44.

Jump up^ Gibran, Khalil (1983). Blue Flame: The Love Letters of Khalil Gibran to May Ziadah. edited and
translated by Suheil Bushrui and Salma Kuzbari. Harlow, England: Longman. ISBN 0-582-78078-0.

45.

Jump up^ "The Kahlil Gibran Chair for Values and Peace at the Center for Heritage Resource Studies
The University of Maryland". Heritage.umd.edu. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

46.

Jump up^ "Professor Suheil Bushrui Receives Juliet Hollister Award". Steinergraphics.com. August 20,
2003. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

47.

Jump up^ Alexandre Najjar, Kahlil Gibran, a biography, Saqi, 2008, p.110.

48.

Jump up^ Najjar, op.cit., p.27, note 2

49.

Jump up^ ""Pity The Nation..." by Khalil Gibran". Artsyhands.com. November 6, 2009.
Retrieved December 22, 2012.

50.

Jump up^ Adel Beshara (27 April 2012). The Origins of Syrian Nationhood: Histories, Pioneers and
Identity. Taylor & Francis. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-136-72450-3.

51.

Jump up^ Hawi, Khalil Gibran: His Background, Character and Works, 1972, p219

52.

Jump up^ "Gibran Memorial in Washington, DC". Dcmemorials.com. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

53.

Jump up^ U.S. Society & Values; February 2000[dead link]

54.

Jump up^ "Monument To Lebanese Poet Gibran Erected In Yerevan". Lebanonwire. 26 November 2005.

55.

Jump up^ "` ". Aravot (in Armenian). 23 November 2005.

Sources[edit]

Gibran, Jean; Kahlil Gibran (1998) [1981]. Kahlil Gibran: His Life and World. Salma Khadra Jayyusi (foreword). New
York: Interlink Books. ISBN 1-56656-249-X.

Waterfield, Robin (1998). Prophet: The Life and Times of Kahlil Gibran. St. Martin's Press.

Najjar, Alexandre, "Kahlil Gibran, a biography", Saqi, 2008.

Khalil Gibran and Ameen Rihani: Prophets of Lebanese-American Literature. Ed. by Naji B. Oueijan, et al. Louaize:
Notre Dame Press, 1999.

Poeti arabi a New York. Il circolo di Gibran, introduzione e traduzione di F. Medici, prefazione di A. Salem, Palomar,
Bari 2009. ISBN 978-88-7600-340-0.

Daniel S. Larang, Potique de la fable chez Khalil Gibran (18831931): Les avatars d'un genre littraire et musical:
le maqam, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2005.

External links[edit]
Wikiquote has
quotations related
to: Khalil Gibran
Wikisource has original
works written by or
about:

Kahlil Gibran
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media related to Khalil
Gibran.

Khalil Gibran Museum, Bsharri, Lebanon

Works by Kahlil Gibran at Project Gutenberg

Works by or about Kahlil Gibran at Internet Archive

Works by Kahlil Gibran at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

Online copies of texts by Gibran

Works by Khalil Gibran

BBC World Service: The Man Behind the Prophet

The New Yorker: Prophet Motive

The World According to http://www.kahlilgibran.com

Khalil Gibran in the New York Times Archives

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Kahlil Gibran
Broken Wings (1912)
Novels

The Prophet (1923)

The Garden of The Prophet (1933)

Adaptations

The Prophet (2014)

"Blackbird" (1968)

Inspirations

thority control

"Broken Wings" (1985)

WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 88896061
LCCN: n79095627
GND: 118680935
SELIBR: 55874
SUDOC: 026890453

BNF: cb11904838q (data)

BIBSYS: 90211842
ULAN: 500053530
MusicBrainz: d8d798d4-995d-43e9-b504-71bc3223495d
NLA: 35122483
NDL: 00440851
NKC: jn19981001339
ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\009825
BNE: XX1154018
RKD: 426859