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2017113

>

Fulltext:China'sPoliciesonAsiaPacificSecurityCooperation
www.scio.gov.cn20170111ChinaSCIO

China'sStateCouncilInformationOfficeonJan.11issuedawhitepaperonChina'spoliciesonAsiaPacific
securitycooperation.

TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeonJan.11issuedawhitepaperonpoliciesrelatedtoAsiaPacificsecurity
cooperation.
[WuXiaoshan/ChinaSCIO]
Followingisthefulltext:
China'sPoliciesonAsiaPacificSecurityCooperation
TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofChina
January2017
FirstEdition2017
Contents
Preface

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I.China'sPoliciesandPositionsonAsiaPacificSecurityCooperation
II.China'sSecurityVisionfortheAsiaPacificRegion
III.China'sRelationswithOtherMajorAsiaPacificCountries
IV.China'sPositionsandViewsonRegionalHotspotIssues
V.China'sParticipationinMajorMultilateralMechanismsintheAsiaPacificRegion
VI.China'sParticipationinRegionalNonTraditionalSecurityCooperation
Conclusion
Preface
TheAsiaPacificregioncoversavastareawithnumerouscountriesand60percentoftheworld'spopulation.Its
economicandtradevolumestakeupnearly60percentandhalfoftheworld'stotal,respectively.Ithasan
importantstrategicpositionintheworld.Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentoftheAsiaPacificregionhas
increasinglycaughtpeople'sattention.Ithasbecomethemostdynamicregionwiththestrongestpotentialinthe
world.Allpartiesareattachinggreaterimportancetoandinvestingmoreinthisregion.Withtheprofound
adjustmentofthepatternofinternationalrelations,theregionalsituationoftheAsiaPacificareaisalso
undergoingprofoundchanges.
Chinaiscommittedtopromotingpeaceandstabilityinthisregion.Itfollowsthepathofpeacefuldevelopment
andthemutuallybeneficialstrategyofopeningup,andpursuesfriendlycooperationwithallcountriesonthe
basisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence.Ithasparticipatedinregionalcooperationinanallround
wayandtakenactivestepsinresponsetobothtraditionalandnontraditionalsecuritychallenges,contributingto
lastingpeaceandcommonprosperityintheAsiaPacificregion.
I.China'sPoliciesandPositionsonAsiaPacificSecurityCooperation
Currently,thesituationintheAsiaPacificregionisstableonthewhole,withastrongmomentumforpeaceand
development.TheAsiaPacificregionisastablepartofthegloballandscape.Topromotepeaceandseekstability
anddevelopmentisthestrategicgoalandcommonaspirationofmostcountriesintheregion.Politicalmutualtrust
amongcountrieshasbeenstrengthened,andmajorcountrieshavefrequentlyinteractedandcooperatedwithone
another.Toaddressdifferencesanddisputesthroughnegotiationandconsultationisthemajorpolicyofcountries
intheregion.Regionalhotspotissuesanddisputesarebasicallyundercontrol.Theregionhassecuredsteadyand
relativelyfastgrowth,continuingtoleadtheworldinthisrespect.Regionalintegrationhasgatheredpace,with
boomingsubregionalcooperation.Freetradearrangementsinvariousformshavemadesteadyprogress,anda
newphasehasemergedfordynamicconnectivitybuilding.However,theAsiaPacificregionstillfacesmultiple
destabilizinganduncertainfactors.ThenuclearissueontheKoreanPeninsulaiscomplexandsensitivethe
reconciliationprocessinAfghanistanremainsslowanddisputesoverterritorialsovereigntyandmaritimerights
andinterestscontinuetounfold.Somecountriesareincreasingtheirmilitarydeploymentintheregion,certain
countryseekstoshakeoffmilitaryconstraints,andsomecountriesareundergoingcomplexpoliticalandsocial
transformations.Nontraditionalsecuritythreatssuchasterrorism,naturaldisastersandtransnationalcrimeshave
becomemoreprominent.Asia'seconomystillfacessignificantdownwardpressureasaresultofitsstructural
problemsaswellasexternaleconomicandfinancialrisks.
AsanimportantmemberoftheAsiaPacificfamily,Chinaisfullyawarethatitspeacefuldevelopmentisclosely
linkedwiththefutureoftheregion.Chinahasallalongtakentheadvancementofregionalprosperityandstability
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asitsownresponsibility.Chinaisreadytopursuesecuritythroughdialogueandcooperationinthespiritof
workingtogetherformutuallybeneficialresults,andsafeguardpeaceandstabilityjointlywithothercountriesin
theregion.
First,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentandlayasolideconomicfoundationforpeaceandstabilityinthe
AsiaPacificregion.Toenhancetheconvergenceofeconomicinterestsisanimportantbasisforsoundstateto
staterelations.Commondevelopmentprovidesafundamentalsafeguardforpeaceandstability,andholdsthekey
tovarioussecurityissues.Considerableachievementshavebeenmadeineconomiccooperation.Onthisbasis,we
shouldacceleratetheprocessofeconomicintegrationandcontinuetoadvancethebuildingoffreetradeareasand
connectivityaswellascomprehensiveeconomicandsocialdevelopment.WeshouldimplementtheUnited
Nations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandnarrowthedevelopmentalgapintheregion,sothatall
countriesandpeopleofallsocialstratawillenjoythedividendsofdevelopment,andtheinterestsofcountrieswill
bemorecloselyintertwined.
Focusingoncommondevelopment,ChinahasputforwardandactivelypromotedtheBeltandRoadInitiativeand
initiatedtheestablishmentoftheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBankandtheSilkRoadFund.Wewelcome
continuedparticipationbyallcountriesformutuallybeneficialoutcomes.
Second,weshouldpromotethebuildingofpartnershipsandstrengthenthepoliticalfoundationforpeaceand
stabilityintheAsiaPacificregion.AsiaPacificcountrieshaveuniquediversities.Countriesmaybecomepartners
whentheyhavethesamevaluesandideals,buttheycanalsobepartnersiftheyseekcommongroundwhile
reservingdifferences.Thekeyistoremaincommittedtotreatingeachotherasequalsandcarryingoutmutually
beneficialcooperation.HowmajorcountriesintheAsiaPacificregiongetalongwitheachotheriscriticalfor
maintainingregionalpeaceanddevelopment.Majorcountriesshouldtreatthestrategicintentionsofothersinan
objectiveandrationalmanner,rejecttheColdWarmentality,respectothers'legitimateinterestsandconcerns,
strengthenpositiveinteractionsandrespondtochallengeswithconcertedefforts.Smallandmediumsized
countriesneednotandshouldnottakesidesamongbigcountries.Allcountriesshouldmakejointeffortsto
pursueanewpathofdialogueinsteadofconfrontationandpursuepartnershipsratherthanalliances,andbuildan
AsiaPacificpartnershipfeaturingmutualtrust,inclusivenessandmutuallybeneficialcooperation.
Chinacallsforthebuildingofanewmodelofinternationalrelationscenteredonmutuallybeneficialcooperation.
Chinaiscommittedtobuildingpartnershipsindifferentformswithallcountriesandregionalorganizations.China
hascommitteditselftoworkingwiththeUnitedStatestobuildanewmodelofmajorcountryrelationsfeaturing
nonconflict,nonconfrontation,mutualrespect,andmutuallybeneficialcooperation.Chinaiscommittedto
deepeningitscomprehensivestrategicpartnershipofcoordinationwithRussiaandestablishingacloser
partnershipwithIndia.ItisalsopushingfortheimprovementofitsrelationswithJapan.Chineseleadershave
repeatedlyelaboratedontheconceptofacommunityofsharedfutureonmanydifferentoccasions.Chinais
workingtoconstructacommunityofsharedfutureforcountriesalongtheLancangMekongRiverandbetween
ChinaandtheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)aswellasinAsiaandtheAsiaPacificareaasa
whole.
Third,weshouldimprovetheexistingregionalmultilateralmechanismsandstrengthentheframeworkfor
supportingpeaceandstabilityintheAsiaPacificregion.Allpartiesconcernedshouldadheretomultilateralism,
opposeunilateralism,furthersupportthedevelopmentofregionalmultilateralsecuritymechanisms,pushforclose
coordinationbetweenrelevantmechanisms,andplayabiggerroleinenhancingmutualunderstandingandtrust,
andexpandingexchangesandcooperationinthefieldofsecuritydialogues.
Committedtopushingforwardthebuildingofregionalsecuritymechanisms,Chinainitiatedwithrelevant
countriestheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO),SixPartyTalks,XiangshanForum,ChinaASEAN
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MinisterialDialogueonLawEnforcementandSecurityCooperation,andCenterforComprehensiveLaw
EnforcementandSecurityCooperationintheLancangMekongSubRegion.Chinahasactivelysupportedthe
ConferenceonInteractionandConfidenceBuildingMeasuresinAsia(CICA)initscapacityandinstitution
building,andparticipatedintheASEANledmultilateralsecuritydialoguesandcooperationmechanisms.Within
variousregionalmechanisms,Chinahasmadealargenumberofcooperationproposalsinthefieldofnon
traditionalsecurity,whichhavestronglypromotedrelevantexchangesandcooperation.Chinawillshoulder
greaterresponsibilitiesforregionalandglobalsecurity,andprovidemorepublicsecurityservicestotheAsia
Pacificregionandtheworldatlarge.
Fourth,weshouldpromotetherulesettingandimprovetheinstitutionalsafeguardsforpeaceandstabilityinthe
AsiaPacificregion.Tolivetogetherinpeace,countriesshouldfollowthespiritoftheruleoflaw,the
internationalnormsbasedonthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations,andthewidely
recognizedrulesoffairnessandjustice.Internationalandregionalrulesshouldbediscussed,formulatedand
observedbyallcountriesconcerned,ratherthanbeingdictatedbyanyparticularcountry.Rulesofindividual
countriesshouldnotautomaticallybecome"internationalrules,"stilllessshouldindividualcountriesbeallowed
toviolatethelawfulrightsandinterestsofothersunderthepretextof"ruleoflaw."
Chinahasfirmlyupheldandactivelycontributedtointernationallaw,andregionalrulesandnorms.Topractice
theruleoflawininternationalrelations,China,togetherwithIndiaandMyanmar,initiatedtheFivePrinciplesof
PeacefulCoexistencein1954.Chinahasaccededtoalmostallintergovernmentalinternationalorganizationsand
morethan400internationalmultilateraltreatiessofar.Chinaiscommittedtoupholdingregionalmaritime
securityandorder,andenhancingthebuildingofinstitutionsandrules.In2014Chinapresidedovertheadoption
oftheupdatedCodeforUnplannedEncountersatSeaattheWesternPacificNavalSymposiumheldinChina.
ChinaandASEANcountrieswillcontinuetofullyandeffectivelyimplementtheDeclarationontheConductof
PartiesintheSouthChinaSea(DOC)andstrivefortheearlyconclusionofaCodeofConduct(COC)onthebasis
ofconsensusintheframeworkoftheDOC.Inaddition,Chinahastakenanactivepartinconsultationsonsetting
rulesinnewareassuchascyberspaceandouterspace,soastocontributetotheformulationofwidelyaccepted
fairandequitableinternationalrules.
Fifth,weshouldintensifymilitaryexchangesandcooperationtooffermoreguaranteesforpeaceandstabilityin
theAsiaPacificregion.Chinafacesdiverseandcomplexsecuritythreatsandchallenges,aswellasthearduous
taskofsafeguardingnationalunityandterritorialintegrity.Buildingstrongnationaldefenceandarmedforcesthat
arecommensuratewithChina'sinternationalstandinganditssecurityanddevelopmentinterestsisastrategictask
inChina'smodernizationdrive,andprovidesastrongguaranteeforitspeacefuldevelopment.China'sarmed
forcesprovidesecurityandstrategicsupportforthecountry'sdevelopmentandalsomakepositivecontributionsto
themaintenanceofworldpeaceandregionalstability.
China'sarmedforceshavecalledfor,facilitated,andparticipatedininternationalsecuritycooperation.Chinahas
followedtheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,conductedallroundmilitaryexchangeswithother
countries,anddevelopednonalignedandnonconfrontationalmilitarycooperationnottargettinganythirdparty.
Ithasworkedtopromotetheestablishmentofjustandeffectivecollectivesecuritymechanismsandmilitary
confidencebuildingmechanisms.Onthebasisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit,andmutually
beneficialcooperation,Chinahasincreasedinteractionsandcooperationwiththearmedforcesofothercountries,
andintensifiedcooperationonconfidencebuildingmeasuresinborderareas.Chinahaspromoteddialogueand
cooperationonmaritimesecurity,participatedinUnitedNationspeacekeepingmissions,internationalcounter
terrorismcooperation,escortmissionsanddisasterreliefoperations,andconductedrelevantjointexercisesand
trainingwithothercountries.
Sixth,weshouldproperlyresolvedifferencesanddisputes,andmaintainasoundenvironmentofpeaceand
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stabilityintheAsiaPacificregion.Mostofthehotspotandsensitiveissuesinthisregionhavebeenleftoverfrom
history.Tohandlethem,thecountriesintheregionshouldfollowthetraditionofmutualrespect,seekingcommon
groundwhilereservingdifferences,andpeacefulcoexistence,andworktosolvedisputesproperlyandpeacefully
throughdirectnegotiationandconsultation.Weshouldnotallowoldproblemstohamperregionaldevelopment
andcooperation,andunderminemutualtrust.Fordisputesoverterritoriesandmaritimerightsandinterests,the
sovereignstatesdirectlyinvolvedshouldrespecthistoricalfactsandseekapeacefulsolutionthroughnegotiation
andconsultationinaccordancewiththefundamentalprinciplesandlegalproceduresdefinedbyuniversally
recognizedinternationallawandmodernmaritimelaw,includingtheUNConventionontheLawoftheSea
(UNCLOS).Pendingasatisfactorysolutiontodisputes,thepartiesconcernedshouldengageindialogueto
promotecooperation,manageeachsituationappropriatelyandpreventconflictsfromescalating,soastojointly
safeguardpeaceandstabilityintheregion.
ChinaiscommittedtoupholdingpeaceandstabilityintheSouthChinaSea,andworkingforpeacefulsolutionsto
thedisputesoverterritoriesandmaritimerightsandinterestswiththecountriesdirectlyinvolvedthroughfriendly
negotiationandconsultation.Thiscommitmentremainsunchanged.Chinahasactivelypushedforpeaceful
solutionstohotspotissuessuchasthenuclearissueontheKoreanPeninsulaandtheAfghanistanissue,and
playeditsdueroleasaresponsiblemajorcountry.
II.China'sSecurityVisionfortheAsiaPacificRegion
Visionsguideactions,andtosolvenewproblemsnewvisionsarerequired.Oldsecurityconceptsbasedonthe
ColdWarmentality,zerosumgame,andstressonforceareoutdatedgiventhedynamicdevelopmentofregional
integration.Inthenewcircumstances,allcountriesshouldkeepupwiththetimes,strengthensolidarityand
cooperationwithopennessandinclusiveness,makesecurityvisioninnovations,worktoimproveregionalsecurity
systemsandexploreanewpathforAsiansecurity.
1.ConceptofCommon,Comprehensive,CooperativeandSustainableSecurity
AttheFourthSummitoftheConferenceonInteractionandConfidenceBuildingMeasuresinAsia(CICA)held
inMay2014,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcalledforaconceptofcommon,comprehensive,cooperativeand
sustainablesecurity,andapathofsecurityfeaturingwideconsultation,jointcontributionandsharedbenefitsin
theAsiaPacificregion.
Commonsecuritymeansrespectingandensuringthesecurityofeachandeverycountryinvolved.Wecannotjust
havethesecurityofoneorsomecountrieswhileleavingtherestinsecure,stilllessshouldweseek"absolute
security"ofoneselfattheexpenseofthesecurityofothers.Weshouldrespectandaccommodatethelegitimate
securityconcernsofallparties.Tobeefupamilitaryalliancetargetedatathirdpartyisnotconduciveto
maintainingcommonsecurity.
Comprehensivesecuritymeansupholdingsecurityinbothtraditionalandnontraditionalfields.Weshouldtake
intofullaccountthehistoricalbackgroundandrealityconcerningregionalsecurity,adoptamultiprongedand
holisticapproach,andenhanceregionalsecuritygovernanceinacoordinatedway.Whiletacklingtheimmediate
securitychallengesfacingtheregion,weshouldalsomakeplansforaddressingpotentialsecuritythreats.
Cooperativesecuritymeanspromotingthesecurityofbothindividualcountriesandtheregionasawholethrough
dialogueandcooperation.Thecountriesinvolvedshouldengageinsincereandindepthdialogueand
communicationtoincreasestrategicmutualtrust,reducemutualmisgivings,seekcommongroundwhileresolving
differencesandliveinharmonywithoneanother.Weshouldbearinmindthecommonchallengesandactively
fostertheawarenessofmeetingsecuritychallengesthroughcooperation.Andweshouldexpandthescopeofand
explorenewwaysforcooperation,andpromotepeaceandsecuritythroughcooperation.
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Sustainablesecuritymeansthatthecountriesinvolvedneedtofocusonbothdevelopmentandsecuritytorealize
durablesecurity.Allthepartiesshouldfocusondevelopment,activelyimprovepeople'slivesandnarrowthe
wealthgapsoastocementthefoundationofsecurity.Weshouldadvancecommondevelopmentandregional
integration,andpushforsoundinteractionsandthesynchronizedprogressofregionaleconomicandsecurity
cooperationinordertopromotesustainablesecuritythroughsustainabledevelopment.
Thissecurityconceptisintunewithglobalizationandthehistoricaltrendofthetimesfeaturingpeace,
development,andmutuallybeneficialcooperation.Rootedinregionalintegration,ithasgatheredthewisdomand
consensusofthecountriesintheregion,reflectstheurgentneedofallpartiestocopewithsecuritychallenges
throughcooperation,andopenedbroadprospectsforregionalsecuritycooperation.
2.ImprovingtheRegionalSecurityFramework
ThekeytomaintainingthelongtermstabilityoftheAsiaPacificregionistobuildasecurityframeworkwhichis
orientedtothefuture,accordswithregionalrealitiesandmeetsallparties'needs.
First,thefutureregionalsecurityframeworkshouldbemultilayered,comprehensiveanddiversified.Countriesin
theAsiaPacificregiondifferintheirhistoricaltraditions,politicalsystems,levelsofdevelopmentandsecurity
concerns.InthisregionthereareASEANledsecuritycooperationmechanismsandplatformssuchastheSCO
andCICA,aswellasmilitaryalliancesformedinhistory.Givensuchadiversity,aconsistentsecurityframework
inthisregionisnotforeseeableinthenearfuture,anditwillbenormaltoseemultiplemechanismsadvancing
togetherintheevolutionofaregionalsecurityframework.Allthecountriesinvolvedshouldplaytheirrespective
rolesinsafeguardingregionalpeaceandstability.Chinapromotesthebuildingofasecurityframeworkinthe
AsiaPacificregion,whichdoesnotmeanstartingalloveragain,butimprovingandupgradingtheexisting
mechanisms.
Second,buildingthefuturesecurityframeworkshouldbeadoptedasacommoncausebyallthecountriesinthe
region.Asmultipolarityisbecomingaglobaltrend,regionalsecurityaffairsshouldbedecidedbyallthe
countriesintheregionthroughequalparticipation.Thedevelopmentofaregionalsecurityframeworkinvolves
thecommoninterestsofallthecountriesintheregion,andrequirestheactiveparticipationandcontributionofall
parties.TheAsiaPacificareaisaregionwheremajorpowerscomeintofrequentcontactandwheretheirinterests
areconcentrated.Themajorpowersshouldjointlypromotearegionalsecurityframework,soastoeffectively
dealwiththeincreasinglycomplexsecuritychallengesintheregion.Relevantbilateralmilitaryalliancesshould
bemademoretransparentandavoidconfrontation,soastoplayaconstructiveroleinthesphereofregionalpeace
andstability.
Third,thefutureregionalsecurityframeworkshouldbebasedonconsensus.Itwillbealongandgradualprocess
toputinplacesuchaframework,whichcannotbecompletedovernight.Allpartiesshouldcontinuetostrengthen
dialogueandcooperation,andsteadilyadvancethedevelopmentofaregionalsecurityframeworkonthebasisof
buildingconsensus.Atthecurrentstage,thepartiesshouldcontinuetofocusonnontraditionalsecurity
cooperation,andstartfromtheeasiertasksbeforemovingontomoredifficultones,soastobuildtrustandlaya
solidfoundationfortheframework.
Fourth,thedevelopmentofaregionalsecurityframeworkshouldbeadvancedinparallelwiththedevelopmentof
aregionaleconomicframework.Securityanddevelopmentarecloselylinkedandmutuallycomplementary.Equal
considerationshouldbegiventobothasecurityframeworkandaneconomicframeworkthemaincomponents
oftheentireregionalstructuretoensuretheirparalleldevelopment.Ontheonehand,theimprovementofthe
securityframeworkwillhelpensureapeacefulandstableenvironmentforeconomicdevelopmentontheother,
fasterregionaleconomicintegrationwillprovidesolideconomicandsocialsupportforthedevelopmentofthe
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securityframework.
III.China'sRelationswithOtherMajorAsiaPacificCountries
1.ChinaUSRelations
Since2015theoverallrelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshasremainedstableandevenmadenew
progress.Thetwocountrieshavemaintainedclosecontactsattheleadershipandotherlevels.PresidentXiJinping
paidastatevisittotheUSattheinvitationofPresidentBarackObamainSeptember2015,andmethimagain
duringtheUNClimateChangeConferenceinParisinNovemberofthesameyear.InlateMarch2016thetwo
presidentshadasuccessfulmeetingduringtheNuclearSecuritySummitinWashington.InSeptembertheymet
againduringtheG20HangzhouSummit,andcommittedthemselvestobuildinganewmodelofamajorcountry
relationship.PremierLiKeqiangmetPresidentObamawhenattendinghighlevelmeetingsofthe71stSessionof
theUNGeneralAssembly.InJunethesameyeartheEighthRoundoftheChinaUSStrategicandEconomic
Dialogue,theSeventhChinaUSHighLevelConsultationonPeopletoPeopleExchanges,andtheSecondChina
USHighLevelJointDialogueonCybercrimeandRelatedIssueswereheldinBeijing,andachievedfruitful
results.Inaddition,thetwocountrieshavemadesteadyprogressinpracticalcooperationinvariousfields,and
maintainedclosecommunicationandcoordinationonmajorregionalandglobalissueslikeclimatechange,the
KoreanandIraniannuclearissues,Syria,andAfghanistan.
ThetwocountrieshavemaintainedcommunicationandcoordinationinthefieldofAsiaPacificaffairsthrough
bilateralexchangesandrelevantmechanismsatalllevels,andagreedtobuildabilateralrelationshipofpositive
interactionandinclusivecooperationintheregion.Thetwocountrieshavestayedinastateofcommunicationand
cooperationonregionalandglobalaffairs,includingclimatechange,counterterrorism,marineenvironmental
protection,combatingwildlifesmuggling,anddisasterpreventionandreductionwithinmultilateralframeworks
suchasAPEC,EastAsiaSummit(EAS),andASEANRegionalForum(ARF).Moreover,thetwosideshave
smoothlycarriedouttrilateralpersonnelandagriculturetrainingcooperationprojectsinAfghanistanandTimor
Leste.
ChinaUSmilitaryrelationshavegenerallymaintainedamomentumofsteadyprogress.Since2015thetwo
militarieshavecontinuedtoimprovetheirtwomutualconfidencebuildingmechanisms:theMutualNotification
ofMajorMilitaryActivitiesandtheRulesofBehaviorfortheSafetyofAirandMaritimeEncounters.In2015
theyheldtheirJointHumanitarianAssistanceandDisasterReliefFieldExerciseandDisasterManagement
ExchangesinChinaandtheUS,respectively,andparticipatedinKhaanQuest2015multinationalpeacekeeping
militaryexerciseandExerciseKowari,aChinaUSAustraliatrilateralmilitaryexercise.InJanuary2016a
workingmeetingofofficialsfromthetwoministriesofdefencewasheldinBeijing,andinMayavideo
conferencewasheldbetweentheChineseChiefoftheDepartmentoftheJointChiefsofStaffoftheCentral
MilitaryCommissionandtheUSChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaff.FromlateJunetoearlyAugust2016,
ChineseNavyFleet153participatedinRIMPAC2016,ajointmilitaryexerciseinHawaii.InJulyandAugustthe
sameyear,theUSChiefofNavalOperationsandChiefofStaffoftheArmyeachmadeavisittoChina.
Chinaiswillingtopromotethesustainable,soundandstableadvanceofbilateralrelations,andworkwiththenew
USadministrationtofollowtheprinciplesofnoconflict,noconfrontation,mutualrespectandmutuallybeneficial
cooperation,increasecooperationinbilateral,regionalandglobalaffairs,manageandcontroldivergencesina
constructiveway,andfurtherbilateralrelationsfromanewstartingpoint,soastobringbenefitstothetwo
peoplesandotherpeoplesaroundtheworld.
2.ChinaRussiaRelations
ChinaandRussiaareeachother'sbiggestneighbor,andstrategicpartnerofcooperationandpriorityindiplomacy.
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Overtheyears,ChinaRussiarelationshavegainedhealthy,stableandfastdevelopment,andmadenew
achievementsthroughjointefforts.In2001thetwocountriessignedtheGoodNeighborlyTreatyofFriendship
andCooperation,whichestablishedtheideaofalastingfriendshipinlegalform.In2011thebilateralrelationship
wasupgradedtoacomprehensivestrategicpartnershipofcoordinationbasedonequality,mutualtrust,mutual
support,commonprosperityandlastingfriendship.In2014theChinaRussiacomprehensivestrategicpartnership
ofcoordinationenteredanewstage.
Thispartnershiphaspresentedamorepositivemomentumofdevelopmentatahighlevel.PresidentXiJinping
andRussianPresidentVladimirPutinhavemetfrequently.Duringthelatter'svisittoChinainJune2016thetwo
sidessignedthreejointstatements:theJointStatementbythePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheRussian
Federation,JointStatementbythePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheRussianFederationonStrengthening
GlobalStrategicStability,andJointStatementbythePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheRussianFederationon
CooperationinInformationCyberspaceDevelopment.InSeptemberthatyearthetwoheadsofstatemetforthe
thirdtime,duringtheG20HangzhouSummit,andagreedtoincreasetheirfirmmutualsupportonissues
concerningeachother'scoreinterests,energeticallypromotetheideaofalastingfriendshipestablishedinthe
GoodNeighborlyTreatyofFriendshipandCooperation,activelypromotetheirdevelopmentstrategiesandtheir
effortstopromotetheBeltandRoadInitiativeandEurasianEconomicUnion,holdaYearofMediaExchange,
andmaintainclosecoordinationandcooperationininternationalandregionalaffairs,soastoinjectstrongvigor
intobilateralrelations.
ChinaandRussiahavemaintainedgoodcooperationinAsiaPacificaffairs.Thetwosidescontinuetostrengthen
theircooperationwithinregionalmultilateralframeworks,safeguardthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharterof
theUnitedNationsanduniversallyrecognizednormsgoverninginternationalrelations,upholdtheachievements
ofWorldWarIIandinternationaljustice,advancetheprocessofapoliticalsolutiontoregionalhotspotissues,
andcontributemorepositiveenergytoregionalpeace,stability,developmentandprosperity.
ChinaRussiamilitaryrelationshavemadefurtherprogress.In2015thetwomilitariesjointlycommemoratedthe
70thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheWorldAntiFascistWar,andsenthighrankingofficersandteamstoeach
other'scommemorationactivitiesandmilitaryparades.Thetwomilitariessuccessfullyheldjointmaritimedrills
twiceinayearforthefirsttime.Chinaparticipatedinalleventsoftheinternationalmilitaryskillcompetition
hostedbyRussia,andthefirstChineseMilitaryCultureWeekwasheldinRussia.In2016thetwomilitaries
maintainedpositiveinteraction.TheFirstJointComputerEnabledAntiMissileDefenceExercisewasheld.China
participatedintheinternationalmilitarygamesinRussiaandKazakhstan.InSeptemberChinaandRussia
conductedtheMaritimeJointExercise2016.Thetwomilitarieshavealsomaintainedclosecoordinationwithin
thedefenceandsecuritycooperationframeworkoftheSCO.
3.ChinaIndiaRelations
Since2015theChinaIndiastrategicandcooperativepartnershipforpeaceandprosperityhasbeenfurther
deepened.Thetwocountrieshavesetthegoalofforgingacloserdevelopmentpartnership,madenewprogressin
exchangesandcooperationinvariousareasandstayedinclosecommunicationandcoordinationonregionaland
internationalissues.
Thetwocountrieshaveheldfrequentexchangesofhighlevelvisits,andenhancedpoliticalmutualtrust.President
XiJinpingmetIndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModionthesidelinesoftheSeventhBRICSSummitinUfain
July2015,the16thSCOSummitinTashkentinJune2016,theG20HangzhouSummitinSeptember2016,and
theEighthBRICSSummitinOctober2016.InNovember2015PremierLiKeqiangmetIndianPrimeMinister
Modiduringtheleaders'meetingsforEastAsiacooperationinMalaysia.IndianPresidentPranabMukherjee
visitedChinainMay2016,andPrimeMinisterNarendraModivisitedChinainMay2015.Practicalcooperation
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betweenthetwocountrieshasmadesolidprogressinvariousareas.Thetwocountrieshavemaintained
communicationandcoordinationoninternationalaffairsandenhancedcollaborationintheUN,BRICS,G20,
ChinaIndiaRussiaandothermechanisms.Theyhavecooperatedonclimatechange,theWTODohaRoundof
negotiations,energyandfoodsecurity,reformofinternationalfinancialandmonetaryinstitutions,andglobal
governance.SuchcooperationhashelpedsafeguardthecommoninterestsofChina,Indiaandotherdeveloping
countries.
TherelationsbetweentheChineseandIndianmilitariesremainhealthyandstableingeneral,withincreasingly
closecommunicationandexchanges,andpragmaticcooperationingreaterbreadthanddepth.Eightroundsof
defenceandsecurityconsultationandsixjointmilitaryantiterrorismtrainingexerciseshavebeenheldsofar.
Soundcooperationinpersonneltraining,professionalexchangesandotherfieldsisbeingcarriedout.Thetwo
sideshavealsoconductedborderdefencecooperation,whichplaysapositiveroleinmaintainingpeaceand
tranquillityintheborderareasbetweenChinaandIndia.Militaryleadersofthetwosidesvisitedeachotherin
2015and2016,andreachedanimportantconsensusonstrengtheningpragmaticcooperationbetweenthetwo
militariesandworkingtogethertomaintainpeaceandstabilityintheborderareas.
4.ChinaJapanRelations
Since2015ChinaJapanrelationshavemaintainedthemomentumofimprovementwhichstartedattheendof
2014.Uponinvitation,PresidentXiJinpingmetJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeonthemarginsoftheAPEC
EconomicLeaders'MeetingandtheAsianAfricanSummit.Heattendedandgaveanimportantspeechatthe
ChinaJapanFriendshipExchangeMeeting.PremierLiKeqiangmetPrimeMinisterAbeduringtheChinaJapan
ROKTrilateralSummitMeetingin2015andduringtheAsiaEuropeMeetingin2016.DuringtheG20Hangzhou
SummitinSeptember2016PresidentXiJinpinghadanothermeetingwithPrimeMinisterAbe.Thetwosides
resumedcontactsatgovernment,parliamentandpartylevelsinanorderlyway.Threeroundsofhighlevel
politicaldialoguewereheldandexchangesandcooperationinvariousareasweresteadilypushedforward.
However,complexandsensitivefactorsstillremaininbilateralrelations.InresponsetoJapan'snegativemoves
concerninghistoricalandmaritimeterritoryissues,ChinaurgesJapantoabidebythefourpoliticaldocumentsand
thefourpointprincipledagreementonbilateralrelations,properlymanageandcontroldisputesandconflicts,and
avoidcreatingobstaclestotheimprovementofbilateralrelations.
Sincetheendof2014defenceexchangesbetweenthetwocountrieshavegraduallyresumedanddeveloped.In
November2015theChineseandJapanesedefenceministersmetduringtheASEANDefenceMinisters'Meeting.
Thedefencechiefsofthetwocountrieshavemetseveraltimesonothermultilateraloccasions.In2016the
defenceministriesofthetwocountriesconductedworkinglevelexchanges.Since2015,defenceministriesofthe
twocountrieshaveheldtwoexpertpanelconsultationsontheestablishmentofairandmaritimecontact
mechanisms,withconsensusreachedonmostmatters.
5.ChinahascontinueddevelopingfriendlyandcooperativerelationswithothercountriesintheAsiaPacific
region,withenhancedpoliticalmutualtrust,strengthenedeconomicandtraderelations,closerpeopletopeople
andculturalexchanges,andenlargeddefencecooperation,soastojointlypromotepeace,stability,development
andprosperityintheAsiaPacificregion.
IV.China'sPositionsandViewsonRegionalHotspotIssues
1.NuclearIssueontheKoreanPeninsula
China'spositionontheKoreanPeninsulanuclearissueisconsistentandclearcut.Chinaiscommittedtothe
denuclearizationofthepeninsula,itspeaceandstability,andsettlementoftheissuethroughdialogueand
consultation.Overtheyears,Chinahasmadetremendouseffortstofacilitatetheprocessofdenuclearizationofthe
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peninsula,safeguardtheoverallpeaceandstabilitythere,andrealizeanearlyresumptionoftheSixPartyTalks.
InJanuaryandSeptemberthisyeartheDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea(DPRK)conductedtwonuclear
testsandlaunchedmissilesofvarioustypes,violatingUNSecurityCouncilresolutionsandrunningcountertothe
wishesoftheinternationalcommunity.Chinahasmadeclearitsoppositiontosuchactionsandsupportedthe
relevantSecurityCouncilresolutionstopreventtheDPRK'sfurtherpursuitofnuclearweapons.Chinawill
continuetoworkwiththeinternationalcommunityandstrivefordenuclearizationandlongtermpeaceand
stabilityofthepeninsulaandofNortheastAsiaasawhole.Atthesametime,otherpartiesconcernedshouldnot
giveuptheeffortstoresumetalksortheirresponsibilitiestosafeguardpeaceandstabilityonthepeninsula.
2.AntiBallisticMissileIssue
Theantiballisticmissileissueconcernsglobalstrategicstabilityandmutualtrustamongmajorcountries.China
alwaysholdstheviewthattheantiballisticmissileissueshouldbetreatedwithdiscretion.FormingColdWar
stylemilitaryalliancesandbuildingglobalandregionalantiballisticmissilesystemswillbedetrimentalto
strategicstabilityandmutualtrust,aswellastothedevelopmentofaninclusiveglobalandregionalsecurity
framework.Countriesshouldrespectothercountries'securityconcernswhilepursuingtheirownsecurity
interests,andfollowtheprincipleofmaintainingglobalstrategicstabilitywithoutcompromisingthesecurityof
anycountrysoastojointlycreateapeacefulandstableinternationalsecurityenvironmentfeaturingequality,
mutualtrustandmutuallybeneficialcooperation.
DespiteclearoppositionfromrelevantcountriesincludingChina,theUSandtheRepublicofKorea(ROK)
announcedthedecisiontostartandacceleratethedeploymentoftheTHAADantiballisticmissilesysteminthe
ROK.Suchanactwouldseriouslydamagetheregionalstrategicbalanceandthestrategicsecurityinterestsof
Chinaandothercountriesintheregion,andruncountertotheeffortsformaintainingpeaceandstabilityonthe
KoreanPeninsula.ChinafirmlyopposestheUSandROKdeploymentoftheTHAADantiballisticmissilesystem
intheROK,andstronglyurgestheUSandtheROKtostopthisprocess.
3.AfghanistanIssue
ChinasupportspeaceandreconstructioninAfghanistan,andhopestoseeanAfghanistanthatisunited,stable,
prosperousandatpeacewithitsneighboringcountries.Since2015ChinahasincreasedassistancetoAfghanistan
insupportofthatgovernment'scapacitybuilding.Inthewakeofa7.8magnitudeearthquakeinnorthern
AfghanistaninOctober2015Chinaprovidedassistancefordisasterreliefefforts.Chinabelievesthatonlyan
inclusivereconciliationprocessthatis"AfghanledandAfghanowned"canprovidetheultimatesolutiontothe
Afghanistanissue.Chinawillcontinuetoplayaconstructiveroleinadvancingthereconciliationprocessin
Afghanistan.
4.CounterTerrorismCooperation
Atpresent,thecounterterrorismsituationintheAsiaPacificregionisundergoingcomplexandprofound
changes.Theregionfacesseveresecurityandstabilitychallengesposedbyviolentandextremistideologies
spreadingataneverfasterpace,moreactiveterroristandextremistforces,risingthreatsfromcyberterrorism,and
frequentviolentterroristactivities,inparticulartheinfiltrationofinternationalterroristorganizationsandthe
inflowofforeignterroristfighters.
Terrorismisacommonscourgeoftheinternationalcommunityandhumanityasawhole.TheChinese
governmentopposesterrorisminallformsandcallsontheinternationalcommunitytocooperateinfighting
terrorismonthebasisofthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheUnitedNationsandotheruniversally
recognizednormsgoverninginternationalrelations.Chinabelievesthatdialogueamongdifferentcivilizations
shouldbeenhancedandaholisticapproachtakentoeliminatethebreedinggroundsofterrorismbyaddressing
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bothitssymptomsandrootcausesbypolitical,economicanddiplomaticmeans.Atthesametime,thereshouldbe
nodoublestandardinfightingterrorism,whichshouldnotbeassociatedwithanyparticularcountry,ethnicityor
religion.
5.MaritimeCooperation
Theoverallmaritimesituationremainsstableintheregion.Itisallparties'commoninterestandconsensusto
maintainmaritimepeace,securityandfreedomofnavigationandoverflight.However,nontraditionalmaritime
securitythreatsareontherise.Theecologicalenvironmentinmanymarineareashasbeendamaged.Marine
naturaldisastersoccurfrequently,andleaksofoilorhazardouschemicalshappenfromtimetotime.Inaddition,
thereareoftencasesofpiracy,smugglinganddrugtrafficking.Misunderstandingsandlackofmutualtrustamong
somecountriesabouttraditionalsecurityissuesalsoposeriskstomaritimesecurity.
Chinahascalledforevenhanded,practicalandmutuallybeneficialmaritimesecuritycooperation.Itadheresto
thepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations,thefundamentalprinciplesandlegalsystem
definedbyuniversallyrecognizedinternationallawsandmodernmaritimelaws,includingtheUNCLOSandthe
FivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,indealingwithregionalmaritimeissues,andiscommittedtocopingwith
traditionalandnontraditionalmaritimesecuritythreatsthroughcooperation.Maintainingmaritimepeaceand
securityisthesharedresponsibilityofallcountriesintheregion,andservesthecommoninterestsofallparties.
Chinaisdedicatedtostrengtheningcooperationandjointlytacklingchallengeswithallrelevantpartiessoasto
maintainmaritimepeaceandstability.
ChinahasindisputablesovereigntyovertheNanshaIslandsandtheiradjacentwaters.Chinahasalwaysbeen
committedtoresolvingdisputespeacefullythroughnegotiationandconsultation,managingdisputesbysetting
rulesandestablishingmechanisms,realizingmutuallybeneficialoutcomesthroughcooperationformutual
benefit,andupholdingpeaceandstabilityaswellasfreedomofnavigationandoverflightintheSouthChinaSea.
ChinaandtheASEANcountriesstayinclosecommunicationanddialogueontheSouthChinaSeaissue.When
fullyandeffectivelyimplementingtheDOC,thetwosideshavestrengthenedpragmaticmaritimecooperation,
steadilyadvancedtheconsultationsonCOCandmadepositiveprogress.Chinaresolutelyopposescertain
countries'provocationsofregionaldisputesfortheirselfishinterests.Chinaisforcedtomakenecessaryresponses
totheprovocativeactionswhichinfringeonChina'sterritorialsovereigntyandmaritimerightsandinterests,and
underminepeaceandstabilityintheSouthChinaSea.NoefforttointernationalizeandjudicializetheSouthChina
Seaissuewillbeofanyavailforitsresolutionitwillonlymakeithardertoresolvetheissue,andendanger
regionalpeaceandstability.
IssuesconcerningtheDiaoyuIslandsandmaritimedemarcationintheEastChinaSeaexistbetweenChinaand
Japan.TheDiaoyuIslandsareanintegralpartofChina'sterritory.China'ssovereigntyovertheDiaoyuIslands
hasasufficienthistoricalandlegalbasis.ChinaandJapanhavemaintaineddialoguesonissuesrelatedtotheEast
ChinaSeaandheldseveralroundsofhighlevelconsultations.Theyhavehadcommunicationandreached
consensusoncrisismanagementandcontrolintheairandwatersoftheEastChinaSea,maritimelaw
enforcement,oilandgasexploration,scientificresearch,fisheriesandotherissues.Chinaiswillingtoproperly
managethesituationandresolverelatedissuesthroughcontinueddialogueandconsultation.
ChinaandtheROKhaveextensiveandindepthexchangesofviewsonmaritimedemarcation,andlaunched
relevantnegotiationsinDecember2015.
V.China'sParticipationinMajorMultilateralMechanismsintheAsiaPacificRegion
1.ChinaASEANCooperation
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ChinaregardsASEANasapriorityinitsneighborhooddiplomacy,andfirmlysupportsASEAN'sintegrationand
communitybuildingaswellasitscentralityinregionalcooperation.Followingtheprinciplesofmutual
respect,equality,goodneighborlinessandmutuallybeneficialcooperation,ChinaandASEANhavefurther
strengthenedstrategicdialogue,enhancedpoliticalmutualtrust,anddeepenedpracticalcooperationineconomy
andtrade,connectivity,finance,security,maritimeaffairs,andculturalandpeopletopeopleexchanges,making
continuousprogressintheirrelations.DuringhisvisittoSoutheastAsiain2013PresidentXiJinpingannounced
thatChinawantstobuildacloserChinaASEANcommunityofsharedfuture.
In2015theChinaASEANDefenceMinisters'InformalMeetingwasheldinChinaforthefirsttime.Thetwo
sidesalsoheldtheTelecommunicationMinisters'Meeting,AEMMOFCOMConsultations,TransportMinisters'
Meeting,andProsecutorsGenerals'Conference.InNovemberofthesameyear,thetwosidessignedtheProtocol
toAmendtheFrameworkAgreementonComprehensiveEconomicCooperationandCertainAgreements
ThereunderBetweenChinaandASEAN,whichmarkedtheconclusionofthenegotiationsonanupgradedChina
ASEANFreeTradeArea.
Theyear2016seesthe25thanniversaryoftheChinaASEANDialogueandtheYearofChinaASEAN
EducationalExchanges.OnSeptember7the19thChinaASEANSummittoCommemoratethe25thAnniversary
ofChinaASEANDialoguewasheldinVientiane,Laos.PremierLiKeqiangattendedandreviewedwithASEAN
leaderstheprogressinbilateralrelations,summarizedexperiences,andoutlinedthedirectionforfuture
development.Thetwosideshavealsoheldmeetingsoftheirministersofforeignaffairs,economyandtrade,
qualitymanagementandinspection.Aseriesofcommemorationeventshavebeenhosted,includingtheReception
inCommemorationofthe25thAnniversaryofChinaASEANDialogueRelations,NinthChinaASEAN
EducationCooperationWeek,SecondChinaASEANGovernors/MayorsDialogue,InternationalConferenceto
Celebratethe25thAnniversaryofChinaASEANDialogueRelationsandChinaASEANWeek.
2.ASEANPlusThree(APT)Cooperation
ASEANPlusThree(APT)cooperationisthemainvehicleforEastAsiacooperation.Chinahascalleduponall
partiestoincreasetheirinputinimplementingtheReportoftheEastAsiaVisionGroupIIandASEANPlus
ThreeCooperationWorkPlan20132017,activelyadvancedtheChiangMaiInitiativeMultilateralization
(CMIM)process,andsupportedthegreaterreadinessandeffectivenessoftheCMIMandthecapacitybuildingof
theASEAN+3MacroeconomicResearchOfficeafteritsupgradingtoaninternationalorganization,soasto
contributetoEastAsia'seconomicandfinancialstability.Chinahasalsopushedforwardthenegotiationsontrade
ingoodsandservices,andthemodelofaccesstoinvestmentmarketsundertheRegionalComprehensive
EconomicPartnership(RCEP),andencouragedotherpartiestoissuetheJointStatementonRCEPNegotiations.
OnSeptember7,2016the19thASEANPlusThreeSummitwasheldinVientiane,Laos,duringwhichPremierLi
KeqiangmadesixproposalsonenhancingAPTcooperation:toreinforcefinancialsecuritycooperation,toexpand
tradeandinvestmentcooperation,topromoteagriculturalandpovertyreductioncooperation,toincreasethelevel
ofconnectivity,tocreatenewmodelsforindustrialcooperation,andtoexpandculturalandpeopletopeople
exchanges.
Since2015ChinahasvigorouslypromotedpracticalcooperationwithintheAPTframework,andheldaseriesof
events,includingtheSeventhEastAsiaBusinessForum,TrainingProgramonUnderstandingChina,Ninthand
TenthWorkshopsonCooperationforCulturalHumanResourceDevelopment,EastAsiaHighLevelInvestment
Forum,SixthRoundtableMeetingonFoodSecurity,SecondEastAsiaModernAgriculturalWorkshop,exchange
activitiesforyoungscientists,"ReturntoChina"ProjectCulturalEventSeries,FourthInternationalWorkshopon
ASEANPlusThreeConnectivityPartnership,ThirdandFourthASEANPlusThreeVillageLeadersExchange
Programs,and14thAsianArtsFestival.
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3.ChinaJapanROKCooperation
AsmajorcountriesinEastAsia,China,JapanandtheROKarethemaindriversofEastAsiaeconomic
integration.Strongertrilateralcooperationwillbeconducivenotonlytothedevelopmentofthethreecountries,
butalsotoregionalstabilityandprosperity.
In2015ChinaJapanandROKJapanrelationsimprovedtosomeextent,usheringinanewphaseofgreater
practicalcooperationamongthethreecountriesinvariousfields.TheSixthChinaJapanROKSummitwasheld
onNovember1inSeoul,theRepublicofKorea,whereleadersofthethreecountrieshadanindepthexchangeof
viewsontrilateralcooperationandinternationalandregionalissuesofcommoninterest,reiteratedtheimportance
theyplacedontrilateralcooperation,andagreedtoproperlyhandlerelevantissuesinthespiritof"facinghistory
squarelyandworkingtogetherforthefuture,"enhancingcooperationinpolitical,economic,trade,fiscal,financial
andculturalfieldsaswellasonsustainabledevelopment.ThemeetingissuedtheJointDeclarationforPeaceand
CooperationinNortheastAsiaandotherjointstatementsinagricultural,educational,andeconomicandtrade
sectors,whichfurtherenrichedthetrilateralcooperationandchartedacourseforfuturecooperation.
Since2015anumberofmeetings,forumsandeventsamongChina,JapanandtheROKhavebeenheld,including
theMinisterialMeetingsonForeignAffairs,Tourism,WaterResource,Environment,Finance,Economicand
Trade,Agriculture,Culture,HealthandDisasterManagement,CentralBankGovernors'Meeting,Meetingof
HeadsofPersonnelAuthorities,TrilateralPoliceAffairsConsultationandCounterTerrorismConsultation,
DirectorGenerals'MeetingonForestryCooperation,MeetingoftheCommitteeforPromotingExchangesand
CooperationAmongUniversities,NortheastAsiaTrilateralForum,TabletopExerciseonDisasterManagement,
WorkshoponMarineSciencesandInternationalForumforTrilateralCooperation,andseveralroundsof
negotiationsforaFreeTradeArea.
4.EastAsiaSummit(EAS)
TheEastAsiaSummit(EAS)isaleadersledstrategicforum.RemarkableprogresshasbeenmadeinEAS
cooperationsince2015.CalledforbyChina,theFifthEASForeignMinisters'Meetingdecidedtoextendthe
deadlineofimplementingthePlanofActiontoImplementthePhnomPenhDeclarationontheEASDevelopment
Initiativeto2017.
Atthe11thEASheldinVientiane,Laos,onSeptember8,2016,PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatcooperation
ineconomicdevelopmentandcooperationinpoliticalsecuritywerethetwoenginespropellingtheEAS,which
shouldcoordinateandsynchronizewitheachother.Oneconomicdevelopment,allpartiesshouldrenderstrong
supporttoregionalconnectivity,stepupconstructionoffreetradeareas,andstrengthencooperationinsocial
undertakingsandpeople'slivelihood.Onpoliticalsecurity,Chinaadvocatesthenewsecurityconceptfeaturing
common,comprehensive,cooperativeandsustainablesecurity,andsupportsallpartiestostrengthencooperation
onnontraditionalsecurity,discussthebuildingofaregionalsecurityframework,andproperlysettlehotspotand
sensitiveissues.
ChinaactivelypromotescooperationinvariousareasoftheEAS.Since2015ChinahashostedtheSecondEAS
NewEnergyForum,SecondEASCleanEnergyForum,EASWildlifeProtectionSymposium,EASTrackII
SeminaronMaritimeCooperationforSecurityintheIndianandPacificOceans,FifthEASWorkshopon
RegionalSecurityFramework,andtheFourthandFifthEASEarthquakeSearchandRescueExercises.
5.ASEANRegionalForum(ARF)
TheARFhasbecomeaninfluentialandinclusiveplatformforofficialmultilateralsecuritydialogueand
cooperationintheAsiaPacificregion.Allpartieshavebeenmakingconfidencebuildingmeasuresastheircore
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mission,promotingpreventivediplomacybasedonconsensus,andsteadilyenhancingcooperationinnon
traditionalsecurityfields.
OnJuly26,2016the23rdARFMinisterialMeetingwasheldinVientiane,Laos.TheChinesesidepointedout
thattheforumshouldfocusonconfidencebuildingmeasuresthroughoutthewholeprocess,andexplorea
preventivediplomacymodecompatiblewiththeregionalsituationstepbysteponthebasisofconsensus.All
sidesshouldfurtherstrengthendialogueandcooperation,enhanceunderstandingandmutualtrustamongregional
countries,worktogethertocopewithnontraditionalsecuritythreatsandotherchallenges,andenabletheforum
tomakegreatercontributionstoregionalpeaceandsecurity.
ChinahasactivelyledpracticalcooperationwithintheframeworkoftheARF.Since2015ithashostedthe
WorkshoponCyberSecurityCapacityBuilding,ThirdARFWorkshoponSpaceSecurity,ARFSeminaron
MaritimeRiskManagementandCooperation,ARFWorkshoponMarineOilSpillEmergencyResponseand
ManagementandDisposalCooperation,ARFWorkshoponStrengtheningManagementofCrossBorder
MovementofCriminals,ARFWorkshoponGreenShipping,andARFWorkshoponUrbanEmergencyRescue.
6.ASEANDefenceMinisters'MeetingPlus(ADMMPlus)
TheADMMPlusisthehighestlevelandlargestdefenceandsecuritydialogueandcooperationmechanisminthe
AsiaPacificregion.Ithasplayedavitalroleinenhancingmutualtrustandpromotingpragmaticcooperation
amongthedefenceministriesandarmedforcesofallparties.
OnNovember4,2015,attheThirdADMMPlusheldinKualaLumpur,Malaysia,theChinesesidepointedout
thatallpartiesshouldpushforthebuildingofanopen,inclusive,transparentandevenhandedregionalsecurity
cooperationframework,keepdeepeningpragmaticdefencecooperation,properlyhandledisputes,manageand
controlrisks,andjointlysafeguardregionalpeaceandstability.
In2016theChinesemilitaryhasparticipatedintheADMMPluspeacekeepinganddeminingjointexercisein
IndiaandthemaritimesecurityandcounterterrorismexercisesinBruneiandSingapore.From2017to2020
ChinaandThailandwillcochairtheADMMPlusExperts'WorkingGrouponCounterterrorism.
7.LancangMekongCooperation(LMC)
TheestablishmentoftheLancangMekongCooperation(LMC)frameworkwasanimportantinitiativeput
forwardbyPremierLiKeqiangatthe17thChinaASEANSummitinNovember2014.Thisinitiativeaimsto
enhancegoodneighborlinessandfriendshipamongthesixcountriesalongtheLancangMekongRiverthrough
pragmaticcooperation,promotesubregionaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,andforgeacommunityofshared
futureforsolidarity,mutualassistance,evenhandedconsultation,sharedbenefitsandmutuallybeneficial
cooperationinthesubregion.TheLMCframeworkhasChina,Cambodia,Laos,Myanmar,Thailandand
Vietnamasitsmembers.
TheLMChasregisteredencouragingprogress.Oneleaders'meeting,oneforeignministers'meetingandthree
seniorofficials'meetingshavebeenheldbyNovember2016.InNovember2015theFirstLMCForeignMinisters'
MeetingwasheldinJinghong,inChina'sYunnanProvince,atwhichtheforeignministersofthesixcountries
announcedthestartoftheLMCprocess,reachedbroadconsensusonthedirectionoffuturecooperationandthe
structureoftheLMC,andputforwardproposalsforanumberofcooperationprojects.
OnMarch23,2016theFirstLMCLeaders'MeetingwasheldinSanya,inChina'sHainanProvince,officially
launchingtheLMCframework.Leadersofthesixcountriesreviewedpastprogress,sharedtheirvisionforthe
futureoftheLMC,andagreedtocoordinatetheirstrategiesfordevelopment,makeoverallplanningoftheir
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cooperationresources,sharethebenefitsofdevelopment,andbuildacommunityofsharedfutureamongthe
LancangMekongcountries.Themeetingconfirmedthe"3+5"mechanismofcooperation:thethreecooperation
pillarsofpoliticalandsecurityissues,economicandsustainabledevelopment,andculturalandpeopletopeople
exchangesandthefivekeypriorityareasofconnectivity,productioncapacity,crossbordereconomic
cooperation,waterresources,andagricultureandpovertyreduction.ThemeetingissuedtheSanyaDeclarationof
theFirstLancangMekongCooperationLeaders'MeetingandtheJointStatementonProductionCapacity
CooperationAmongtheLancangMekongCountries,andadoptedajointlistofearlyharvestprogramsinareas
suchasconnectivity,waterresources,publichealthandpovertyreduction.
8.ShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO)
Since2015theShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO)hasmaintainedsoundandsteadydevelopment.
Progresshasbeenmadeinpolitical,security,economicandculturalcooperation,leadingtothefirmer
internationalstandingandgreaterinfluenceoftheSCO.
PresidentXiJinpingattendedthe15thMeetingoftheCounciloftheHeadsofStateoftheSCOmemberstateson
July910,2015inUfa,Russia,wheretheysignedtheUfaDeclarationoftheHeadsofStateofSCOMember
StatesandtheSCOMemberStatesAgreementonBorderDefenceCooperation,andapprovedimportant
documentsincludingtheShanghaiCooperationOrganization'sDevelopmentStrategyuntil2025andtheSCO
MemberStates20162018CooperationProgramonCombatingTerrorism,SeparatismandExtremism.
PremierLiKeqiangchairedthe14thMeetingoftheCounciloftheHeadsofGovernment(PrimeMinisters)ofthe
SCOmemberstatesheldinChinaonDecember1415,2015.Theleadersatthemeetinglaidoutplansfor
cooperationinvariousfieldsforthenextstage,issuedtheStatementoftheHeadsofGovemment(Prime
Ministers)ofSCOMemberStatesonRegionalEconomicCooperation,adoptedtheresolutiononPreparationfor
CreatingtheSCODevelopmentBankandtheSCODevelopmentFoundation(SpecializedAccount),and
witnessedthesigningoftheProgramofInteractionBetweentheCustomsAgenciesoftheSCOmemberstatesfor
20162021andtheMemorandumofUnderstandingbetweentheSecretariatoftheSCOandtheSecretariatofthe
UNEconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific.
OnJune2324,2016the16thMeetingoftheCounciloftheHeadsofStateoftheSCOmemberstateswasheldin
Tashkent,Uzbekistan.PresidentXiJinpingattendedthemeeting.Theheadsofthememberstatessignedthe
TashkentDeclarationonthe15thAnniversaryoftheSCO,approvedtheActionPlanfor20162020on
ImplementationoftheSCODevelopmentStrategyTowards2025,andadoptedtheMemorandumsofthe
ObligationsontheEntryoftheRepublicofIndiaandtheIslamicRepublicofPakistantotheSCO.
Since2015meetingsofheadsofvariousdepartmentsincludingsecuritycouncilsecretaries,foreignministers,
defenceministers,economicandtradeministers,cultureministersandheadsofemergencyresponseagencies
havebeenheld.Thesemeetingsdeepenedandexpandedcooperationinvariousfields,andincreasedtheSCO's
internationalinfluence.ChinahaspromotedandparticipatedinSCOcooperationacrosstheboard.China's
bilateralrelationswithotherSCOmemberstates,observerstatesanddialoguepartnershavecontinuedtogrow.
9.ConferenceonInteractionandConfidenceBuildingMeasuresinAsia(CICA)
OnApril2728,2016theFifthMeetingoftheMinistersofForeignAffairsoftheCICAmemberstateswasheld
inBeijing.PresidentXiJinpingattendedtheopeningceremonyanddeliveredanimportantspeech.Themeeting
issuedtheDeclarationonPromotingPeace,Security,StabilityandSustainableDevelopmentinAsiaThrough
Dialogueandadoptedthe20162018CooperationInitiativeoftheCICAMemberStatesforDrugControlandthe
20162018CICAInitiativefortheImplementationofConfidenceBuildingMeasuresfortheDevelopmentof
SmallandMediumEnterprises.
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ChinahasactivelyimplementedtheconfidencebuildingmeasuresofCICAinallfieldsandmadeinnovative
effortsinthecooperationplatformofCICA.Since2015ChinahashostedthefoundingconferenceoftheCICA
YouthCouncil,foundingassemblyofCICABusinessCouncil,FirstCICANonGovernmentalForumandThird
ThinkTankRoundtable,whichhavehelpedtoimplementtheconfidencebuildingmeasuresinculturaland
economicfields,andpromoteddialogueandexchangeamongyoungpeople,NGOsandthinktanks.
VI.China'sParticipationinRegionalNonTraditionalSecurityCooperation
1.DisasterRelief
Since2015theChinesegovernmenthasbeenactivelyinvolvedinandpromotedexchangesandcooperationon
disasterreliefintheAsiaPacificregion.ChinahostedtheEighthSCOMeetingofHeadsofEmergency
PreventionandReliefAgenciesandtheThirdChinaJapanROKTabletopExerciseonDisasterManagement,co
hostedwithMalaysiatheFourthARFDisasterReliefExercise,andparticipatedintheThirdUNWorld
ConferenceonDisasterRiskReduction,AsianMinisterialConferenceonDisasterRiskReduction,International
DrilloftheEmergencyPreventionandReliefAgenciesoftheSCOMemberStates,theNinthAPECSenior
DisasterManagementOfficials'ForumandInternationalSearchandRescueAdvisoryGroupAsiaPacific
RegionalEarthquakeResponseExercise.
InJanuaryandJuly2015andinMay2016,whenMalaysia,MyanmarandSriLankawerehitbydevastating
floods,Chinaimmediatelyprovidedreliefsuppliestothethreecountries.Inthewakeofsevereearthquakesin
NepalinApril2015Chinasentrescueandmedicalteamsandtransportationdetachmentstothecountryand
providedmobilefieldhospitalsinsupportofdisasterreliefefforts.
TheChinesegovernmentwillcontinuetoworkwithrelevantpartiestoimprovemutualvisitsofofficials,
informationsharing,personneltraining,technologicalexchanges,simulationexercises,scientificresearch
cooperation,materialreservesandemergencyaid,toenhancepracticalbilateralandmultilateralcooperationin
disasterrelief,andimprovedisastermitigationandreliefcapacityintheAsiaPacificarea.
2.CounterTerrorismCooperation
Since2015Chinahascooperatedwithanumberofneighboringcountriesincombatingterrorismrelatedhuman
smuggling,andarrestedanumberofterroristsuspectsandhumansmugglersactiveintheregion.Theseefforts
dealtaheavyblowtotheillegalhumansmugglingnetworksofthe"EasternTurkistanIslamicMovement"
(ETIM)andotherterroristorganizations,andeffectivelycounteredandpreventedtheinfiltrationeffortsofthe
ETIMandotherterroristorganizations.
ChinahasheldbilateralantiterrorismconsultationswiththeUS,Russia,Canada,theUnitedKingdom,India,
Pakistan,theROKandIndonesia,hostedthe13thARFInterSessionalMeetingonCounterterrorismand
TransnationalCrimes,andpromotedcooperationoncombatingInternetspreadviolentandterroristaudios/videos
andcrossborderterroristactivities.Inaddition,bytakinganactivepartintheAPECCounterterrorismWorking
Group,theGlobalCounterterrorismForumandtheASEANplusChinaMeetingonTransnationalCrimeat
ministeriallevel,Chinahasstrengthenedexchangesinantiterrorismcooperation.
China,Afghanistan,PakistanandTajikistanhaveestablishedacoordinationmechanismoncounterterrorism
cooperationamongthemilitaryforcesofthefourcountries,aimedatconductingcoordinationonsituation
analysis,verificationofclues,sharingofintelligence,capacitybuilding,jointtrainingandpersonneltraining,and
providingmutualassistance.
3.CooperationinCombatingTransnationalCrimes
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TheChinesegovernmentplaceshighimportanceoncombatingtransnationalcrimes,andiscommittedtofully
andearnestlyimplementingtheUnitedNationsConventionAgainstTransnationalOrganizedCrime(UNTOC).
Chinahasconcluded123judicialassistanceandextraditiontreatieswith70countries,andactivelypromotedthe
establishmentofbilateraljudicialandlawenforcementcooperationmechanismswiththeUSandCanada.These
effortshaveprovidedasolidlegalbasisandeffectiveplatformforChina'scooperationwithrelevantcountriesin
combatingtransnationalcrimeinallforms.
Chinaisactivelyinvolvedininternationalcooperationincombatingtransnationalorganizedcrimesandmaintains
soundcooperationwiththeUNandotherinternationalandregionalorganizations.Ithasfacilitatedlaw
enforcementandsecuritycooperationalongtheMekongRiverandconductedmultiplejointactionswith
SoutheastAsiancountriesincombatingtransnationalcrimes,andeffectivelyfoughtagainsthumantrafficking,
telecomfraud,economiccrimesanddrugrelatedcrimesthatareprevalentintheregion.InOctober2015China
hostedtheChinaASEANMinisterialDialogueonLawEnforcementandSecurityCooperationwiththetheme
"SecurityforProsperity"andtheMinisterialMeetingonLawEnforcementandSecurityCooperationalongthe
MekongRiver.IntheSecondSafeMekongJointOperationbyChina,Laos,MyanmarandThailand,over10,000
suspectswerearrested,morethan9,000drugrelatedcasesweresolved,andalargequantityofnarcoticswas
seized.
Chinastandsreadytoenhancejudicialandlawenforcementcooperationwithrelevantcountriesinajointeffortto
fighttransnationalcrimes,andcallsonallcountriestoenhancetheirpoliticalwillforinternationalcooperation,
overcomedifferencesinlegalsystems,promotecooperationwithintheframeworkoftheUNTOC,including
cooperationonextradition,providewidejudicialassistance,andcooperateintherecoveryanddisposalof
criminalproceeds.Chinaalsoencouragescountriesconcernedtonegotiateandconcludebilateralextraditionand
judicialassistancetreatiesformoreconcreteoutcomesincooperationtocombattransnationalcrimes.
4.CyberSecurity
Currently,cybersecurityisacquiringgreaterimportance.AsiaPacificcountriesareplacinghighimportanceon
cybersecurity,increasinginputandactivelyconductingdialogueandregionalcooperationonthisissue.Chinais
astaunchsupporterofandanactiveparticipantininternationaleffortstoensurecybersecurity.Itbelievesthat
cyberspaceshouldbeusedtopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopment,maintaininternationalpeaceand
stability,andimprovethewellbeingofmankind.Countriesshouldstrengthendialogueandcooperationonthe
basisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit,andbuildapeaceful,secure,openandcooperative
cyberspaceandamultilateral,democraticandtransparentinternationalInternetregime.Itisimperativethata
universallyacceptedinternationalcodeofconductisformulatedwithintheUNframework.
Since2015ChinahascontinuedtopromotecybersecuritywithintheUNframework,andbeendeeplyinvolvedin
theprocess.ChinaandotherSCOmemberstateshavejointlysubmittedanupdatedversionoftheInternational
CodeofConductforInformationSecuritytotheUNGeneralAssembly.Chinahascontributedtotheendeavorsto
formulateinternationalrulesgoverningcyberspacebytakinganactivepartinandfacilitatingtheeffortsofthe
UN'sGroupofGovernmentalExpertsonCyberSecuritytoproduceitsfinalreport,whichaffirmsthatthe
principlesenshrinedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations,includingsovereignequality,noninterferenceinothers'
internalaffairs,andnonuseofforce,alsoapplytocyberspace.Chinahasalsoplayedaconstructiveroleinthe
UNInternetGovernanceForumandtheHighLevelMeetingontheOverallReviewoftheImplementationofthe
OutcomesoftheWorldSummitontheInformationSociety.
Chinahascontinuouslystrengthenedbilateraldialoguesandpracticalcooperationoncybersecuritywithcountries
intheregion.ChinaandRussiahavesignedtheInformationSecurityCooperationAgreementandheldanew
roundofconsultationoncybersecurity.ChinaJapanROK,ChinaROKandChinaEUdialoguesoncyber
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securityhavebeenheld.ChinaandtheUSheldtheHighLevelJointDialogueonCybercrimeandRelatedIssues.
ChinaattachesgreatimportancetoandtakesanactivepartinregionalmechanismsundertheARF,BRICSand
SCOinordertopromotebalancedandinclusivedevelopmentofnetworksecuritycooperationintheregion.
ChinaisactivelyinvolvedintheBRICSExpertWorkingGrouponCyberSecurityandtheSCOExpertGroupon
InternationalInformationSecurity,andhasworkedontheAsianAfricanLegalConsultativeOrganizationto
establishaWorkingGrouponInternationalLegalIssuesConcerningCyberSpace.ChinaalsohostedtheSecond
WorldInternetConference.
5.CooperationonMaritimeSecurity
Theyear2015wastheyearofChinaASEANmaritimecooperation.Maritimecooperationisakeypartof
buildingthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad.ChinaandtheASEANcountriesconductedaseriesofexchanges
andcooperativeeventsonmaritimesecurity,scientificresearchandenvironmentalprotection.ChinaandThailand
conductedascientificexpeditionintheAndamanSea,andheldtheFourthJointCommitteeMeetingonMarine
Cooperation.ChinaandMalaysiasignedtheMemorandumofUnderstandingontheEstablishmentoftheChina
MalaysiaJointOceanographicResearchCenter.TheconstructionoftheChinaIndonesiaCenterfortheOceans
andClimate,andtheJointOceanicObservationStationproceededinanorderlyway.TheThirdChinaSoutheast
AsianCountriesMarineResearchandEnvironmentalProtectionCooperationForumwasalsoheld.
Chinahasactivelyparticipatedinandadvanceddialoguesandcooperationonmaritimesecurity.Since2015
ChinahashostedtheAsiaPacificHeadsofMaritimeAdministrationsConference,themultitaskexercise
"CooperationforLawEnforcement2015"oftheNorthPacificCoastGuardAgenciesForum,International
TrainingCourseforLighthouseManagementPersonnelintheAsiaPacificAreaandtheAsiaPacificMass
RescueOperationTrainingCourseandTabletopExercise.ChinahascontinueditscooperationwithAustraliaand
MalaysiainthesearchforMalaysianAirlinesFlightMH370,andprovided20millionAustraliandollarsfor
followupsearchandrescueeffortsinthisregard.
ChinahasvigorouslysupportedthecapacitybuildinganddevelopmentoftheInformationSharingCenter(ISC)
undertheRegionalCooperationAgreementonCombatingPiracyandArmedRobbery,andaccreditedmaritime
policeofficerstotheISC.InJune2016,asrequestedbyVietnam,Chinadispatchedvesselsandairplanestoassist
insearchingforandrescuingVietnameseairplaneswhichhadcrashed,alongwiththeircrewmembers.From
December2008toJanuary2016ChinesefleetssenttotheGulfofAdenandSomaliwatersasescortsconducted
909missions,escorting6,112Chineseandforeigncivilianvessels.
6.CooperationinNonProliferationandDisarmament
Chinasupportsandtakesanactivepartininternationalarmscontrol,disarmamentandnonproliferationefforts,
andstandsforthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofnuclearweapons.Chinahasearnestly
implementedtheoutcomesofallthereviewconferencesoftheTreatyontheNonProliferationofNuclear
Weapons(NPT),andplayedaconstructiveroleintheNinthNPTreviewconferenceandtheP5Conferenceon
ImplementingtheNPT.Chinastandsreadytoworkwithallpartiesthroughunremittingeffortstoachievethe
threeNPTgoalsof"nuclearnonproliferationanddisarmament,andpeacefuluseofnuclearpower."
ChinaholdsthatestablishingaSoutheastAsiaNuclearWeaponsFreeZoneisofgreatsignificanceforpromoting
regionalandglobalpeaceandstability.ChinasupportstheeffortsofASEANcountriestoestablishaSoutheast
AsiaNuclearWeaponsFreeZone,andstandsfortheearlysigningandgoingintoeffectoftheprotocoltothe
TreatyontheSoutheastAsiaNuclearWeaponsFreeZone.Chinahassolvedalltheremainingissuesconcerning
theprotocolwithASEAN,andlooksforwardtothesigningoftheprotocolatanearlydate.Chinawillcontinueto
participateconstructivelyinconsultationbetweenASEANandthefivenuclearcountries,andfacilitate
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consultationbetweenASEANandtheotherfournuclearcountriestoresolvetheirdifferencessothattheprotocol
canbesignedandcomeintoeffectatanearlydate.
Chinastandsforthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofallweaponsofmassdestruction,including
chemicalweapons,opposesthedevelopment,stockpilinganduseofchemicalweaponsbyanyone,andsupports
thepurposesandgoalsoftheConventionontheProhibitionoftheDevelopment,Production,StockpilingandUse
ofChemicalWeaponsandonTheirDestruction,andtheworkoftheOrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemical
Weapons(OPCW).ChinaisearnestinfulfillingitsobligationsundertheChemicalWeaponsConventioninits
entirety,andattachesgreatimportancetoandsupportsinternationalexchangesandcooperationunderthe
convention.
In2015Chinaheldthe13thRegionalMeetingofNationalAuthoritiesofAsianStatePartiestotheConventionon
theProhibitionoftheDevelopment,Production,StockpilingandUseofChemicalWeaponsandonTheir
Destruction,hostedtheAdvancedProtectionandAssistanceCoursewiththeOPCW,andheldtheTraining
CourseonNationalPointsofContactsofStatesintheAsiaPacificRegiontogetherwiththeUNSecurityCouncil
1540Committee.ChinaalsoparticipatedintheAsianSeniorLevelTalksonNonProliferation,ARFInter
SessionalWorkshoponNonProliferation,andotherrelatedevents.
Conclusion
TheChinesepeopleareworkinghardtorealizetheChineseDreamofthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.In
thisprocess,ChinawillbringgreateropportunitiesandbenefitsfordevelopmentandcooperationintheAsia
Pacificregion.China'sdevelopmentaddstothemomentumforworldpeace.Chinawillfirmlyfollowthepathof
peacefuldevelopmentandthepolicyof"buildingfriendshipandpartnershipwithneighboringcountries"tocreate
anamicable,secureandprosperousneighborhood.Chinaremainscommittedtotheprinciplesofamity,sincerity,
mutualbenefitandinclusivenessinconductingneighborhooddiplomacyandthegoalofmaintainingand
promotingstabilityandprosperityintheAsiaPacificregion.Chinastandsreadytoworkwithallcountriesinthe
regiontopursuemutuallybeneficialcooperationandsteadilyadvancesecuritydialoguesandcooperationinthe
AsiaPacificregion,andthebuildingofanewmodelofinternationalrelationssoastocreateabrighterfuturefor
thisregion.
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