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Revised PC - 1 of ACIAR July 2014
Revised PC - 1 of ACIAR July 2014
REVISED PC-I
FOR
OPTIMISING CANAL AND GROUNDWATER
MANAGEMENT TO ASSIST WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS
IN MAXIMIZING CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGING
SALINISATION WITH AUSTRALIAN ASSISTANCE
July 2014
PREPARED BY
PROJECT COORDINATOR
PROGRAMME MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION UNIT (PMIU)
PUNJAB IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE AUTHORITY (PIDA)
Revised 2014
GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN
PLANNING COMMISSION
PC-1 FORM
(INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS)
1.
Optimising
Canal
and
Groundwater
Management to Assist Water User
Associations in Maximizing Crop Production
and Managing Salinisation with Australian
Assistance
2.
Location
3.
i.
Sponsoring
Irrigation Department,
Government of the Punjab
ii. Execution
4.
Plan provision
5.
To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability & quality data (irrigation & drainage
aspects, uses of water) to develop tools capable of analysing hydrological,
environmental and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Objective 2
To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia to help determine possible
improved (more equitable, economically efficient, hydrologically and environmentally
sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the all stack
holders.
Objective 3
To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient, hydrologically and environmentally sustainable canal and
INDEX MAP
At provincial level, covering the primary main canal system and its secondary level
"distributary" and "minor" canals. However, detailed investigations are designed at
primary, secondary and tertiary levels in the command area of Lower Chenab Canal East
(LCC East).
6.
7.
Description
Approved
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Rs. 79.689
Agreement
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Revised
PC-I cost
Rs. (Million)
Second
Revised
PC-I cost
Rs. (Million)
Difference
Rs. (Million)
84.120
84.120
Nil
Rs. 79.689
ABSTRACT OF COST
Sr.
No
.
Description
Approved
Amount
in
Rs.
(Million)
Agreement
Amount in
Rs.
(Million)
Revised
Amount
in
Rs.
(Million)
Second
Revised
Amount
in
Rs.
(Million)
Difference
Rs.
(Million)
Remarks
Punjab Component
a)
ACIAR foreign
investment
44.820
44.820
49.251
49.251
b)
14.532
14.532
14.532
14.532
c)
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
d)
In-kind Contribution of
PIDA
6.500
6.500
6.500
6.500
e)
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.837
Total
79.689
79.689
84.120
84.120
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
COST DETAILS
PART A: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION OR IARC
Charles Sturt University
1.
FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA OR FOR IARC
Sr.
No.
Description
PERSONEL
(a) Professionally Qualified
(B) Salary-related on-Costs
(c) Appointment Expenses
(d) Other Personnel
TOTAL PERSONNEL
4
5
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approv
ed PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreem
ent Jan
2008
As per
Revise
d PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
3,80,000
380,000
380,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
Differ
ence
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed,
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
8
PART A: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION
2.1 FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Punjab
Sr.
No.
Description
As per
Approv
ed PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contrac
t
Agreem
ent Jan
2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
(B) Salary-related on-Costs
Differ
ence
TOTAL PERSONNEL
2
4
5
Remarks
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014
9
PART A: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION
2.2 FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA FOR
Pakistan-University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
(B) Salary-redated on-Costs
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
Difference
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
54,000
66,500
109,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
10
PART C: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTNER
1. FUNDS SENT OVERSEAS FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
Sr.
No.
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating
Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
Revised
PC-1
May
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
Difference
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
11720
11720
45,620
88,220
42,600
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
12,000
6,000
6,200
(3,000)
14,800
14,800
14,800
18,000
3,200
17,700
140,220
17,700
116,220
700
116,220
1,000
116,220
300
NIL
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Remarks
Amount has
not
been
changed
only
time
period
of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014
11
PART C: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTNER
2. FUNDS SENT OVERSEAS FOR
Pakistan-University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating
Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
10,100
10,100
10,100
10,100
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
Difference
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
12
PART E1: COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION CONTRIBUTIONS
Charles Sturt University
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTUR
E COSTS
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
332,000
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt Jan
2008
332,000
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
332,000
Second
Revision
As per PC-1
2014
332,000
332,000
CAPITAL
ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
332,000
332,000
332,000
Difference
Remarks
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
13
PART F1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
(Inkind Contribution)
Sr.
No.
Description
1
2
3
4
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
148,352
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt
Jan 2008
148,352
148,352
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
148,352
96,000
132,490
376,842
148,352
148,352
148,352
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Differ
ence
-
Remarks
Amount
has
not
been
changed only
time period of
project
has
been
extended upto
December
2014
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-97
14
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE
COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
87,672
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
87,672
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
87,672
Second
Revision
As per PC1
2014
87,672
Differe
nce
-
87,672
87,672
87,672
87,672
Remarks
Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
8.
9.
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
-
As per
Contract
Agreemen
t
Jan 2008
-
Second
Revision
As per
PC-1
2014
-
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
1,40,490
132,490
1,32,490
1,32,490
2,28,490
228,490
2,28,490
2,28,490
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Differe
nce
-
Remarks
15
12
Implementation schedule
Following is the proposed schedule that will be implemented to achieve the objectives of
the project.
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
Objective 1. To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability data to develop optimisation tools
capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Activity 1.1: Collect
and synthesise data
regarding irrigated
crops, water
distribution,
groundwater uses, soil
physiography, aquifer
characteristics, and
cropping pattern in the
LCC command area.
- Literature
review
regarding canal,
groundwater,
soil and crop
issues at farm
and
"distributary"
and "minor"
canal levels.
Yr 1, m 1-3
Discussion
paper
drafted
- Collect and
synthesise facts
and figures
from existing
data sources
and available
reports.
Yr 1, m 1-6
Preliminary
report
drafted
Develop Yr 1, m 1database
of 12
irrigated crops,
water
distribution,
groundwater
uses,
soil
physiography,
aquifer
characteristics,
and
cropping
pattern.
Initial
database
developed
Conduct Yr 2, m 1-6
preliminary
interviews with
selected
scientists and
regulation
agencies staff
from different
disciplines, and
community
members.
Report
prepared on:
(i)
major
issues
associated
with water
distribution,
(ii) gaps in
the existing
knowledge,
planning
16
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
and
implementat
ion of onfarm water
management
, and (iii)
important
features that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communitie
s
and
environment
s for better
on-farm
water
management
.
17
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
"distributary"
and
"minor"
canal level.
Activity 1.4: Develop a
hydrologic economic
framework capable of
scenario analysis for
more
equitable,
economically efficient
and
hydrologically
sustainable distribution
of
canal
and
groundwater at farm
and "distributary" and
"minor" canal levels in
the LCC command
area.
- Develop a Yr 3, m 1-3
hydrologic
economic
framework
capable
of
trade-off
scenario
analysis
of
optimising
canal
and
groundwater
management
given the cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
canal and socioeconomic
parameters.
Modeling
framework
developed
Objective 2. To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations to help determining possible improved (more equitable, economically efficient and
hydrologically sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the
irrigators.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a
preliminary
analysis
using
hydrologic
economic models for
canal and groundwater
management
in
consultation
with
different stakeholders
in the LCC command
area.
- Conduct a Yr 3, m 4-9
preliminary
analysis
for
canal
and
groundwater
management.
Preliminary
report
drafted
Consult
different
stakeholder for
feedback on the
preliminary
analysis results
18
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
canal levels.
Activity 2.2: Develop
crop-groundwater-soil
mix scenarios while
incorporating channel
operations
and
groundwater
management response
into
an
economic
framework
for
optimising
water
management in the
LCC command area.
Yr 5, m Prepare
1-6
scenarios for
hydrologic
economic
modeling
given
the
cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
canal
and
socioeconomic
parameters.
Conduct
scenario
analysis
for
identifying
alternative
policy options
in
water
distribution.
Report
prepared on
policy
options for
defining
more
equitable,
economicall
y efficient
and
hydrological
ly
sustainable
strategies to
manage
canal
and
groundwater
in CIA and
LCC.
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater management options
in the study areas.
Activity
3.1:
Conduct -
Organise Yr 1, m 6-11
Preliminary
19
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
interviews
and
workshops with
community
participants and
groups
of
experts to better
clarify the major
issues in canal
and groundwater
management.
report drafted
- Organise a joint Yr 1, m 12
year-end
workshop
to
resolve
differences
between
the
experts
and
farmers.
Report
prepared on
the
stakeholders
perceptions
regarding the
major issues
in canal and
groundwater
management
- Analyse and
synthesise
findings
from
interviews
and
workshops.
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
- Prepare training Yr 2, m 12
modules,
and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
Workshop
organised
Yr 5, m 79
Prepare
training
modules, and
conduct
training yearend workshop
in LCC.
- Prepare training Yr 3, m 12
modules,
and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
Workshop
organised
Yr 5. m Prepare
10-12
training
modules, and
conduct
training yearend workshop
in LCC.
- Conduct project Yr 4, m 6
dialogue meeting
in LCC.
Project
dialogue
meeting
organised
Organise Yr 4, m 12
project-end
workshop
in
Lahore, Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water managers
and farmers.
Project-end
Yr 6, m 3
workshop
and
its
proceedings
are compiled
for
wider
dissemination
.
Organise
project-end
workshop
in
Lahore,
Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water managers
20
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
and farmers.
21
15
Certified that the project proposal has been prepared on the basis of instructions
provided by the Planning Commission for the preparation of PC-I for
Infrastructure sector projects.
1.
Prepared by
(Sajid Mahmood)
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)
Assistant Director Monitoring, PMIU Deputy Director, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
2. Checked by
(Habib Ullah Bodla)
Chief Monitoring, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 9213595-7
3. Recommended by
(Saif Anjum)
Secretary
Irrigation Department / MD PIDA
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99212117-8
4. Approved by
22
23
PROJECT DOCUMENT
LWR/2005/144
Project title:
ACIAR Research
Program:
Focus area/s:
Project stage:
Full
Commissioned
Organisation:
Project type:
Bilateral, Large
Geographic region/s:
South Asia
Country/ies:
Pakistan
Project duration:
6 years 6 Months
Start date:
31 December 2014
Time to impact:
5 10 years (Category 2)
Key Contacts
Project Leader: Australian Commissioned Organization / Commissioned IARC
Title and Name
Position
Organization
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Street Address
John Blackwell
Professor
Institute of Land, Water and Society
+61 2 6933 4937
Fax +61 2 6933 4937
jblackwell@csu.edu.au
Charles Sturt University (CSU), Locked Bag 588, Wagga
Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
24
Street Address
Project Coordinator: Partner Country
Title and Name
Position
Organization
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Management
and
Street Address
Collaborating Scientist: Partner Country Collaborating Organization
Title and Name
Position
Organization
Phone
Email
Postal Address
Street Address
Names
Position
Organization
Chairman
Planning Commission
Member
Member
IPD Sindh
Member
IPD NWFP
Member
IPD Balochistan
Planning
Commission
25
Islamabad
Member
Centre of Excellence in
Water Resources, UET
Lahore
Acronyms
ACIAR
CSU
CICL
FOs
IMT
JBIC
LCC
LWR
MCA
PARC
PIDA
PIDs
PMIU
UAF
UAAR
WMI
26
Project Summary
In Pakistan, the inequity of water distribution, among the water users located at head, middle
and tail reaches of the canal, is closely correlated to decreasing crop yields and increasing
land salinisation. Because, the further distant a water user is located along the canal, the
lesser water he will receive. This inequity of water distribution among the water users can be
improved by considering spatial differentials in soil physiography, groundwater dynamics,
and cropping patterns exist at head, middle and tail reaches of the canal. From a research
perspective, the issue at hand is that of optimising canal and groundwater management given
the crop-groundwater-soil mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic
parameters. The true implementation of the resulting optimised management options would
lead to improved overall efficiency and productivity of the system, and eventually help
mitigating the increasing land salinisation issue.
The Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA), Government of Punjab operates and
maintains one of the largest irrigation canal systems in the world. Water from the five rivers
and complex network of canals has been irrigating the land of the Punjab Province for over a
century. The Irrigation Department under the Government of Punjab inherited this vast
network of canal system and has over the years maintained, regulated, rehabilitated and
constructed upon the existing network periodically. However the water requirement to the
farmlands of the Punjab Province has increased with the passage of time and some of the
existing networks require major rehabilitation and improvement so as to meet the present day
demands. Particularly, there is acute shortage of irrigation water in the command area of
Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) system; it has now become difficult to feed tail portions of the
system even during the season of ample availability of water in rivers.
The LCC system has one of the oldest irrigation systems in Pakistan. It serves the largest area
in Punjab (the leading state of irrigation farming) 1.24 million hectares (Mha). Recently,
PIDA has started the Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project costing AU$ 200
millions with the help of Japan Bank for International Development (JBIC). The scope of this
PIDA initiative is to remodel and rehabilitate the existing irrigation canal systems and
drainage systems of the LCC system in central Punjab. The initiative also assists the
empowerment of Farmers' Organizations (FOs) to which responsibilities will be delegated for
the operation and maintenance of the system. There is a need to support this PIDA initiative
for studying various rationale bases for water distributions within the FOs to improve
livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing salinisation in irrigated
landscapes. Consequently, this project will focus on the following specific objectives in
Australia and Pakistan:
Objective 1
To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability & quality data (irrigation & drainage
aspects, uses of water) to develop tools capable of analysing hydrological, environmental and
economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Objective 2
To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer Organisations in Pakistan and
stakeholder groups in Australia to help determine possible improved (more equitable, economically efficient,
hydrologically and environmentally sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the
all stack holders.
27
Objective 3
To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient, hydrologically and environmentally sustainable canal and
groundwater management options in the study areas.
Objective 4
10 optimal cropping patterns, acceptable to farmers.
Objective 5
Proposed cropping pattern should use minimum water and explore use of marginal water
(conjunctive use) and salt water tolerant species.
Objective 6
The production from proposed cropping pattern should be translated into economic values for
use in macro economic scenario development.
The project partners will be Charles Sturt University, the Punjab Irrigation and Drainage
Authority and the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, who will work together with
Farmers Organisation in the LCC and the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in Australia. In
the LCC, three distributaries will be selected, one each in head, middle, and tail reach of the
system, but at locations where the research and development initiative is already in progress
and Farmer Organisations are actively participating. In linking the ACIAR initiative with
ongoing work of PIDA in the LCC would also ensure linkage to the Punjab On-farm Water
Management Directorate and its activities in improving irrigation management.
In Pakistan, the most likely project outcome will be rational canal and groundwater
management based on best biophysical information, system limits and constraints and
stakeholder driven equity principles. This will underpin the wider institutional reforms
affecting irrigation in Punjab and Sindh Provinces of Pakistan, and is estimated to generate an
initial additional income of AU$255,000/year. In Australia the project outputs will lead to a
an optimum surface and ground water management policy framework for irrigation areas
which adequately addresses third party water quality costs such as salinity impacts of water
supply augmentation with groundwater, potentially generating an initial benefit of AU
$262,500/year.
Partner country and Australian research and development issues and priority
Pakistan
The importance of irrigated agriculture to the Pakistan economy is explained by the fact that
irrigated land supplies more than 90% of agricultural production and agriculture accounts for
22 % of the GDP and employs 45% of the labour force (Government of Pakistan, 2007). At
provincial level, a central irrigation agency, like Punjab Irrigation Department, manages the
primary main canal system and its secondary level ("distributary" and "minor") canals, and
delivers water at the head of the tertiary level ("watercourse") through an outlet, popularly
known as a mogha, which is designed to provide a quantity of water proportional to the
watercourse's Culturable Command Area (CCA). The inequity in the Mogha System arises
from the tempering of the Mogha as well as by cutting of channels to obtain additional water
resources through criminal means. This creates inequity among users as well as failure to
28
implement existing water rules. In addition, several other institutional and technical factors
have contributed to make the flow conditions in the canal system increasingly variable
(Bandaragoda, 1996). Therefore, this irrigation system is now facing multiple problems such
as inequitable water distribution, high conveyance losses, low delivery efficiency,
waterlogging and salinisation. However, this project deals with the causes (related to the use
of soil and water) not the effects (waterlogging and salinity). Once, these causes are
appropriately addressed; threats of waterlogging and salinity to sustainable agriculture will
become manageable targets.
Recent analyses of distribution systems show that the inequity of water distribution between
head-enders and tail-enders is closely correlated to decreasing yields and increasing salinity
with increasing distance from the canal (Latif and Pomee, 2003; Latif and Ahmad, 2005).
Notionally, all farmers receive the same water share in each of the canal, distributary, minor
or watercourse commands. However, in practice, because allocation is time-based rather than
volume-based, the further distant a farmer is from the canal, distributary, minor or
watercourse outlet, the less water he will receive, partly due to leakages in the transmission
system, but mainly because these allocation rules date back to the 1850s, and do not take into
account spatial differentials in soils and crops. As a consequence, over time the insufficient
delivery of fresh water leads to an exacerbation of the salinity problems, particularly at the
tail-ends.
In addition to how canal water is managed, groundwater use is important in the areas where
canal water is insufficient, and it is a major factor underlying raising agricultural production
in the past two decades (Murray-Rust, 2002; Qureshi et al., 2004). However, in some areas
groundwater is over-exploited and the groundwater table is excessively lowering, causing
danger of saline water intrusion into fresh water aquifers. Fresh groundwater may become
unusable in such a case. These problems are caused by the insufficient design capacity of the
supply system, as well as growing irrigation water demand. On the other hand, almost 77% of
farmers in Pakistan are cultivating only 28% of the land, and a majority of farmers are poor
(Panella, 2004). If water distribution becomes equitable, poor farmers who cant afford to
have their own tubewell or buy groundwater would benefit directly.
After passing the PIDA Act from the Punjab Provincial Assembly during 1997, the existing
Provincial Irrigation Departments (PIDs) have been transformed to the more financially
autonomous Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA). The mandate and
responsibility of PIDA is to make policy level decisions and acquisition and subsequent
distribution of irrigation water at the province level to ensure equity and reliability in
irrigation service delivery among different stakeholders. According to this Act, farmers are
being organized in FOs at distributary level to take over the operation and maintenance of
respective distributary canals, minors and watercourses. Management of several distributaries
has already been handed over to the respective FOs in different parts of the Punjab since 2000
as a result of Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) agreements between PIDA and FOs.
There is a need to support the on ground Government initiative for studying various rational
basis for water distributions within the FOs to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop
production and managing salinisation in irrigated landscapes.
In particular, there is a need to optimise water distributions given the crop-groundwater-soil
mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters. This optimization,
being more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable, would lead to
improved overall efficiency and productivity of the system, and eventually help mitigating
the increasing land salinisation issue. A prerequisite for the implementation of improved
irrigation water management by FOs is that information based on a more rational analysis of
29
30
2.2
The project will adopt a multilevel stakeholder engagement approach (from Secretary
Irrigation Department to the Heads of the Farmer Organisations) to reach a consensus on
social, economic and environmental outcomes from optimising canal and groundwater in
maximizing crop production and managing salinisation in the Lower Chenab Canal (LCC,
see Figure A1 in appendix) in Pakistan and the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in
Australia. It will develop strategies and tools for equitable water distribution given the cropgroundwater-soil mix as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters (more
detail on the conceptual approach is provided in section 5.1). In doing so, the project will
target two main end-user groups. On the one hand, it will work directly with selected Farmer
Organisations (FOs) within the LCC in a participatory mode (see section 4.3), to jointly
identify the key constraints to optimising equitable water management and then to develop
accepted management options. The second target group are Punjab provincial agencies,
mainly PIDA itself, as well as the Dept. of Agriculture. Here, the project team will use the
modelling outputs (which are based on the management options developed with the FOs) to
inform decision makers to ensure policies are in place to support the implementation of
improved management options within the broader context of irrigation and drainage
management in Punjab.
The CSU team will be responsible for hydrological modelling of canal and groundwater to
evaluate spatial and temporal water dynamics, and hydro-economic modelling for policy
options at regional level water management, both in case of Pakistan and Australia. The CSU,
being the lead organization, will also be responsible for overall project planning, supervision,
and finalisation of the project outputs. In Pakistan, within PIDA, the Programme
Management and Implementation Unit (PMIU) will coordinate the activities, underpinned by
technical support from CSU and the Water Management Institute (WMI) of the University of
Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF). Management of inputs from PID and PIDA will be possible
through the Chief of Monitoring who has a line management role whereas the UAF inputs
will be managed through Dr Rai Niaz who has the critical line management role as the
Director of the Water Institute.
The PMIU has a responsibility to supervise the overall progress of the Lower Chenab Canal
System Rehabilitation Project under the JBIC project. Under this rehabilitation project, the
research and development responsibility is jointly shared by the PIDA / PARC Research and
Development Component of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC). This research and development
component has a multidisciplinary team, which includes agronomists, soil scientists,
irrigation scientists, plus other technical staff of 36 full time project staff along with 8 regular
senior staff of the Government to supervise the LCC component. Their services are
specifically designed to provide irrigation extension services to the farmers organizations
with particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of
adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies. They are already
working closely with the FOs under the ongoing institutional reforms in the command area of
LCC. Such ongoing initiative will be helpful in testing hypothesis, evaluating ground
realities, synthesising lesson learned, and devising alternative policy options of the proposed
project under real field conditions.
The main constraint to implementing improved; i.e., more equitable and hydrologically
sustainable water management regimes will be persuading head-enders in the irrigation
systems to change some of the practices, and to relinquish some of the overuse of canal water.
In principle, to engender change, either head-enders must be provided with incentives, or
31
existing regulatory provisions must be enforced to make irrigators comply with existing water
allocation rules, or a mix of both. Already, there are a number of concurrent initiatives
underway to make water savings in the system for ensuring reliable supplies for the tailenders in the project area: (i) PIDA reforms that deals with the bylaws for improved irrigation
supplies, (ii) the Government of Pakistan initiative for the introduction of water smart
irrigation technologies in the irrigated agricultural areas on Pakistan and (iii) the Lower
Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project to remodel and rehabilitate the existing
irrigation canal systems and drainage systems of the LCC system in central Punjab for
meeting the present day irrigation demands. This ACIAR project is also aimed at supporting
these initiatives by identifying opportunities for equitable distribution of canal and
groundwater to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in irrigated landscapes.
Thus, the head-enders are already under pressure and well supported to only take their fair
share of the water resources under the new water monitoring unit initiative. Their real
incentive for them is to gain access to improved water management knowledge to cope with
less water and more efficiently use surface and ground water. Their participation is ensured
under the overall PIDA initiative in the Lower Chenab Canal to demonstrate feasibility of
applying existing water allocation rules with transparent decision support systems. However,
to engender change, head-enders must also be provided with incentives to relinquish a share
of their water. Enforcing bylaws, implementing system rehabilitation exercise, introducing
smart irrigation technologies and providing technical support may not be sufficient to
convince head-enders to relinquish a share of their water. A provision of an additional
incentive, in terms of bridging volume of irrigation supplies, may have to be introduced.
Bridging volume is a temporarily water allocation designed to give irrigators, who are
currently overusing canal water, i.e., head-enders, to adjust to the smart irrigation
technologies. These bridging volumes should cover the period normally required for
technology adoption.
Since early 2007, the Govt. of Punjab, through PIDA and PMIU, has initiated a rigorous
monitoring of actual water use in parts of the LCC. This has been made possible by the
installation of computerised, accurate water monitoring down to distributary level, exposing
any irrigator using more than their share of water. Infringements are relayed in real time using
SMS techniques. This has to date been very successful, and seemingly significantly increased
compliance, freeing up water for tail-enders. This has been greatly underpinned by the
concurrent rehabilitation and re-lining of water courses and distributaries through linked
donor funded programmes, further increasing the availability to water to all irrigators through
a very significant reduction of seepage losses. The second strategy is to demonstrate to
irrigators, particularly the head-enders, that there are a range of new soil and crop
management techniques that maintain yields and reduce e costs of production while
significantly decreasing irrigation water needs. These are proven technologies, and include
zero-tillage of wheat and cotton, choice of high value horticultural crops over more water
consuming crops like rice and sugar-cane, use of raised beds technology, laser levelling etc.
This project will address both strategies. In the first instance, the project will provide critical
technical ability to PMIU to make better use of the real time monitoring data to optimise
water use by building capacity within PMIU to use a range of modelling and decision support
tools, as well as providing advice on how to further finetune the monitoring regime. In the
second instance, PMIU and WMI / UAF will provide the needed technical and capacity
building support on the ground to FOs. Moreover, by linking with the PIDA / PARC R&D
Component of the LCC project funded by the Japan Bank for International Development, the
project will specifically assist in providing irrigation extension services to the FOs with
32
The Japan Bank for International Development (JBIC) funded project for the
Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) ongoing initiative,
the Government of Pakistan initiative for the introduction of water smart irrigation
technologies in the irrigated agricultural areas on Pakistan ongoing initiative, and
The earlier research done with joint partnerships of ACIAR and various agencies
of the Government of Pakistan (e.g., ACIAR project on Conjunctive Water
Management - LWR1/1997/016).
This project strongly builds on the previous ACIAR project on Conjunctive Water
Management (LWR1/1997/016) which mainly focussed on the shallow and deep groundwater
pumping to aid local and regional drainage whereas this project aims to improve whole of the
irrigation system performance management through better use of surface and groundwater
allocation. The Coleambally Irrigation Area has been selected as a Regional Irrigation
Business Partnership under the CRC for Irrigation Futures (CRC IF) System Harmonisation
Program. The current CRC IF efforts are mainly focussed on improved channel operations for
perennial pastures and winter cropping options aimed at improved seasonality of flows and
producing grain for fuel.
Objectives
The aim of this project is to identify opportunities for more equitable distribution of canal and
groundwater to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in irrigated landscapes. In particular, this project will focus on the following
specific objectives in Australia and Pakistan:
1. To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management
trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality data. The
planned activities to achieve this objective are:
Activity 1.1: Collect and synthesise data regarding irrigated crops, water distribution,
groundwater uses, soil physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the
command area of the LCC in Pakistan and CIA in Australia.
Activity 1.2: Explore major issues associated with water distribution; identify gaps in the
existing knowledge, planning and implementation; and articulate real aspirations for the
future of the region for a sustainable irrigated agricultural base and healthy catchments.
Activity 1.3: Undertake spatial and temporal hydrological analysis as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC
and CIA.
33
Activity 1.4: Develop a hydrologic economic framework capable of scenario analysis for
more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable distribution of
canal and groundwater at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the
LCC and CIA.
2. To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to
stakeholders by using the optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia. The planned activities to
achieve this objective are:
Activity 2.1: Conduct a preliminary analysis using hydrologic economic models for canal
and groundwater management in consultation with different stakeholders.
Activity 2.2: Develop crop-groundwater-soil mix scenarios while incorporating channel
operations and groundwater management response into an economic framework for
optimising water management.
Activity 2.3: Formulate policy options in water distribution while optimising canal and
groundwater management for maximizing crop production and managing salinisation.
3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater
management options in the study areas. The activities to achieve this objective are:
Activity 3.1: Conduct separate interviews and workshops with community participants
and groups of experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater
management.
Activity 3.2: Training workshops to assist Farmer Organisations in participatory
demonstrating, evaluating and exploring of adoption pathways regarding promising onfarm canal and groundwater management strategies, and water saving technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project dialogue with stakeholders and regulation agencies in the LCC and
CIA for wider adoption of the promising on-farm canal and groundwater management
strategies, and smart water saving technologies at different levels.
3.2
Outputs
The following table describes project outputs in the context project objectives using the
proposed methodology.
Objectives/Activities
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
Objective 1: To develop tools capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management
trade-off scenarios using spatial crop, soil, water availability and water quality data.
Activity 1.1: Collect and Benchmark
data Existing information Categorization
of
synthesise
data and
synthesis is sufficiently reliable. current state of water
regarding
irrigated describing current Stakeholders
may distribution and use in
crops, water distribution, state
of
water concern the usefulness the selected irrigation
groundwater uses, soil distribution and use of
targeted
field systems
both
in
physiography,
aquifer in the selected surveys to validate the Pakistan and Australia.
characteristics,
and irrigation systems existing information.
cropping pattern in the both in Pakistan
command area of the and Australia.
LCC in Pakistan and
CIA in Australia.
Activity 1.2: Explore Well documented Interests
among Identification of gaps
major issues associated water accounts at different stakeholders and opportunities for
with water distribution; the canal command (project
scientists, improvement in water
34
Objectives/Activities
identify gaps in the
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation;
and
articulate real aspirations
for the future of the
region for a sustainable
irrigated
agricultural
base
and
healthy
catchments.
Activity 1.3: Undertake
spatial and temporal
hydrological analysis as
a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at
farm and "distributary"
and "minor" canal levels
both in the LCC and
CIA.
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
level for identifying agencies staff and
gaps
and community members)
opportunities
for may appear to be
improvement
in conflicting regarding
water distribution major issues, existing
in the selected gaps and promising
irrigation systems opportunities for canal
both in Pakistan and
groundwater
and Australia.
management.
Spatial maps of
water distribution
and third party
impacts such as
salinisation due to
inequity
of
distribution in the
selected irrigation
systems both in
Pakistan
and
Australia.
A
hydrologiceconomic modeling
framework capable
of
trade-off
scenario analysis of
water distribution
as a function of
crop-groundwatersoil mix at farm and
"distributary" and
"minor"
canal
levels both in the
LCC and CIA.
Existing
data
is
properly
georeferenced for use in
hydrological analysis
as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix
at
farm
and
"distributary"
and
"minor" canal levels
both in the LCC and
CIA.
Local capacity to
undertake modeling.
Applications
distribution
in the
selected
irrigation
systems
both
in
Pakistan and Australia.
Selection of hotspots
in the regional context
to improve livelihoods
through
optimizing
canal and groundwater
management,
maximizing
crop
production
and
managing salinisation
in irrigated landscapes.
35
Objectives/Activities
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
operations
and strategies accepted may
differ
on groundwater.
groundwater
by stakeholders in deciding
optimum
management response the LCC in Pakistan canal
and
into
an
economic and
CIA
in groundwater
framework
for Australia.
distribution strategies.
optimising
water
management.
Activity 2.3 Formulate Policy
Different
policy Information and tools
policy options in water documentation and options would work ready for wider-scale
distribution
while adoption material better for different adoption of the optimal
optimising canal and for LCC and CIA.
stakeholders with the canal and groundwater
groundwater
same objective of management options in
management
for
maximizing
crop irrigated
agricultural
maximizing
crop
production
and areas.
production
and
managing salinisation.
managing salinisation.
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater management
options in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct Analysed
and Farmers and agencies Build confidence and
separate interviews and synthesised
staff are willing to trust among project
workshops
with findings
from provide
factual scientists, agency staff
community participants interviews
and information, and to and farmers to achieve
and groups of experts workshops
accept
groundwater the project objectives.
to better clarify the regarding the issues realities.
major issues in canal on
canal
and
and
groundwater groundwater
management.
management in the
selected irrigation
systems in Pakistan.
Activity 3.2: Training Training
and Aptitude of farmers Availability of the local
workshops to assist technology transfer towards on-farm canal agency staff for training
Farmer Organisations packages
for and
groundwater and technology transfer
in
participatory Farmers
management
to farmers from the LCC
demonstrating,
Organizations/
strategies, and water in Pakistan and the CICL
evaluating
and Water
User saving technologies.
in Australia.
exploring of adoption Associations,
in
pathways
regarding Pakistan.
promising
on-farm
canal and groundwater
management strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project Successfully
Geo-political
Demonstration of field
dialogue
with demonstrated,
correctness of the laboratories
of
stakeholders
and evaluated
and proposed policies and successful adoption of
regulation agencies in explored adoption their
adoption promising on-farm canal
the LCC and CIA for pathways regarding pathways
for and
groundwater
wider adoption of the promising on-farm optimizing canal and management strategies,
promising
on-farm canal
and groundwater
and
water
saving
canal and groundwater groundwater
management in the technologies.
36
Objectives/Activities
management strategies,
and smart water saving
technologies
at
different levels.
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
management
LCC and CIA.
strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Applications
Pakistan
Value or Quantity
Time Frame
3% to 5% increase in crop 2-10 years
yields in 50% (~20,000ha) of
the area in Coleambally
Irrigation Area (CIA), which
will generate an additional
net income of AU $262,500
per year.
3 5 percent increase in crop 2-10 years
yield in 15% to 20% of the
area of three tributaries (total
area of the three tributaries is
about 170,000 ha), which
will generate an additional
net
income
of
AU$255,000/year
Beneficiary
Stakeholders in CIA
Stakeholders in LCC
37
For Pakistan, primary economic benefits are based on the current gross margin and cropping
patterns in the project area. The LCC serves around 1.24 Mha, whereas the size of the three
tributaries, where project is going to be implemented is about 170,000 ha. The results of the
optimisation model, accommodating the equity issue based on matching soils and climatic
conditions, will result better crop mixes. This will also result increased crop production and
water use efficiencies. It is anticipated that the project will immediately impact on 20% area
of the three tributaries, assuming 3 -5 percent increase in crop yields with better crop mixes.
The project is expected to generate additional income of Rs. 375 (AU $7.5/ha), which
translates into Rs. 12.75 million per year (AU$ 255,000 per year). The project is also
expected to generate considerable secondary economic benefits by replication of the project
model in the entire LCC (or across the whole irrigation area in the Punjab). Assuming 20% of
the entire LCC area got benefited from the project interventions, the conservative estimates,
which are based on 1.5% increases in yield and changes in the cropping mix, show that the
project will generate about Rs.36 million per year or AU$720,000 per year.
It should be noted that the yield increases assumed are conservative. In reality yield increases
will be larger as water freed up by more efficient allocation is used to reclaim salinised land
currently out of production. Moreover, very big potential benefits will accrue as PIDA
extends the project results beyond the LCC to all of the Punjabs irrigation areas.
4.2
Other impacts
Pakistan
4.2.3 Environmental
Value or Quantity
Time Frame
Reduction
of
tension, 4-10 years
improve property values,
positive
behaviour
of
irrigators
Reduction of water use 4-10 years
conflicts, improve water
management behaviour, and
equitable water distribution.
Beneficiary
Stakeholders in CIA
Stakeholders in LCC
38
Pakistan
Value or Quantity
Time Frame
Increased
environmental 4-10 years
flows by 5 7 percent.
10 15 percent (1000-1500
ha) reduction in salinity area
(> 2 dS/m), which will
provide
an
additional
revenue of 3 4 percent or
AU$18,750/year.
Around 20% of the area in 4-10 years
LCC is under salinity (> 2
dS/m). The projects will
reduce salinity on 10% to
15% of the area. The will
help to increase agricultural
income by 2 -3 percent
(AU$51,000).
Beneficiary
Stakeholders in CIA
Stakeholders in LCC
4.2.4 Scientific
This project will develop and use, for the first time in the history of canal and groundwater
management in Pakistan, the hydrologic-economic modeling tools capable of scenario
analysis of water distribution as a function of crop-groundwater-soil mix at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA. Using participatory
approaches, the project will also assist Farmers Organizations and PIDA staff for
demonstrating and evaluating adoption pathways regarding: (i) promising on-farm canal and
groundwater management strategies that would ensure more equitable, economically efficient
and hydrologically sustainable distribution, and (ii) on-farm water saving technologies
already developed elsewhere (e.g. laser-levelling; raised beds; zero-till planting etc.).
4.3
More generally, both in Australia and Pakistan the project is will be based on an action
research design focused on comparative analysis to help achieve ready participation by the
end users. The crux of action research is cyclic learning (Lewin, 1947; Kemmis and
McTaggart, 1988; Lucket, et al., 2001) often characterised by systematic approaches, and
collaboration with local communities. It is an appropriate tool for social research (Greenwood
and Lewin, 1998; Gibbs, 2002), and particularly useful for focusing efforts to improve the
quality of organisations and their performance. Like systems methodologies (Checkland,
1999; Bawden, 2005), action research credits researchers (and participants) with the ability to
successively apply knowledge as it is acquired through the research process. For purposes of
this project, an overarching action research design is preferred as it readily accommodates
acquisition and integration of knowledge from hard systems (formal institutions, hydraulic
function, and infrastructure) and soft systems (social institutions and influencing factors).
39
This allows successive research cycles within the project to build on each other while
working with key stakeholders.
The project will build on the strong track record of different federal and provincial
organizations in participatory irrigation management, particularly, the current initiatives by
Government of Punjab through PIDA, Punjab. The PMIU is already working closely with the
FOs under the ongoing institutional reforms in the command area of LCC. Such ongoing
initiative will be helpful in testing hypotheses, evaluating ground realities, synthesising
lessons learned, and devising alternative policy options of the proposed project under real
field conditions. As also mentioned in section 2.2, through the link to the PIDA / PARC R&D
Component of LCC, the extension services under that initiative will particularly include
participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of adoption pathways regarding
promising on-farm water saving technologies already developed elsewhere (e.g. laserlevelling; raised beds; zero-till planting etc.). The focus on demonstrating improved irrigation
practices is through 85 FOs in the LCC. The same path will be selected by the project and for
effective communication with the FOs.
As outlined in section 2.2 and 5.1, the focus of the project in Pakistan will be to provide proof
of concept in willingness and ability of end-users (FOs, PIDA) to implement more equitable
and hydrologically sustainable water allocation procedures at a local level. This will require
clear identification and targeting of FOs that have a track record and leadership in changing
their water management practices. This also requires careful consideration of size of target
area, which needs to be large enough to address a water distribution network, but not too
large as to lose local specificity and relevance to individual irrigators. These aspects have
been discussed with PIDA and PMIU who have identified suitable FOs willing to work with
the project team and help implement project findings.
Beyond the role of the PMIU in working directly with FOs, the University of Agriculture
Faisalabad will also build on its existing collaboration with the On-Farm Water Management
Directorate within the Dept. of Agriculture, which has been a leader in implementing the
project on relining of water courses and in promoting resource conserving technologies like
laser levelling, raised bed farming and zero-tillage. This informal link will further enhance
the dissemination of project results to farmers in the target areas of the LCC.
In Australia, CSU and the Project Leader have had a longstanding association with the
Coleambally Irrigation Cooperative Limited (CICL). As the CICL is based on irrigator
participation through shares in the company and representation on the board, this will
facilitate ready adoption of research findings.
The project will have a high level advisory committee comprising of representatives from
JBIC, PIDA, Punjab On Farm Water Management and the Engineering University Lahore.
The key function of this group will be to ensure ready adoption and links with the other
activities in the agriculture water management.
4.4
1. Identify and explore possible incentives for head-enders to relinquish a share of their
water.
The main constraint to implementing improved, i.e., more equitable and hydrologically
sustainable water management regimes will be persuading head-enders in the irrigation
systems to change their irrigation practices, and to relinquish some of the overuse of canal
40
water. In principle, to engender change, either head-enders must be provided with incentives,
or existing regulatory provisions must be enforced to make irrigators comply with existing
water allocation rules, or a mix of both.
Already, there are number of concurrent initiatives underway to make water savings in the
system for ensuring reliable supplies for the tail-enders in the project area: (i) PIDA reforms
that deals with the bylaws for improved irrigation supplies, (ii) the Government of Pakistan
incentives for water smart irrigation technologies in the irrigated agricultural areas on
Pakistan and (iii) the Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project to remodel and
rehabilitate the existing irrigation canal systems and drainage systems of the LCC system in
central Punjab for meeting the present day irrigation demands. This ACIAR project is aimed
at supporting these initiatives by identifying opportunities for equitable distribution of canal
and groundwater to improve livelihoods through maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in irrigated landscapes.
Thus, the head-enders are already under pressure and well supported to only take their fair
share of the water resources under the new water monitoring unit initiative. The real incentive
for them is to gain access to improved water management knowledge to cope with less water
and more efficiently use surface and ground water. Their participation is ensured under the
overall PIDA initiative in the Lower Chenab Canal to demonstrate feasibility of applying
existing water allocation rules with a transparent decision support systems. However, to
engender change, head-enders must also be provided with incentives to relinquish a share of
their water. Enforcing bylaws, implementing system rehabilitation exercise, introducing smart
irrigation technologies and providing technical support may not be sufficient to convince
head-enders to relinquish a share of their water. A provision of an additional incentive, in
terms of bridging volume of irrigation supplies, may have to be introduced. Bridging volume
is a temporarily water allocation designed to give irrigators, who are currently overusing
canal water, i.e., head-enders, to adjust to the smart irrigation technologies. These bridging
volumes should cover the period normally required for technology adoption.
Since early 2007, the Government of Punjab, through PIDA and PMIU, has initiated a
rigorous monitoring of actual water use in parts of the LCC. This has been made possible by
the installation of computerised, accurate water monitoring down to distributary level,
exposing any irrigator using more than their share of water. Infringements are relayed in real
time using SMS techniques. This has to date been very successful, and seemingly
significantly increased compliance, freeing up water for tail-enders. This has been greatly
underpinned by the concurrent rehabilitation and re-lining of water courses and distributaries
through linked donor funded programmes, further increasing the availability to water to all
irrigators through a very significant reduction of seepage losses. The second strategy is to
demonstrate to irrigators, particularly the head-enders, that there are a range of new soil and
crop management techniques that maintain yields and reduce e costs of production while
significantly decreasing irrigation water needs. These are proven technologies, and include
zero-tillage of wheat and cotton, choice of high value horticultural crops over more water
consuming crops like rice and sugarcane, use of raised beds technology, laser levelling etc.
This project will address both strategies. In the first instance, the project will provide critical
technical ability to PMIU to make better use of the real time monitoring data to optimise
water use by building capacity within PMIU to use a range of modelling and decision support
tools, as well as providing advice on how to further finetune the monitoring regime. In the
second instance, PMIU and WMI / UAF will provide the needed technical and capacity
building support on the ground to FOs. Moreover, by linking with the PIDA / PARC R&D
Component of the LCC project funded by the Japan Bank for International Development, the
41
project will specifically assist in providing irrigation extension services to the FOs with
particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of adoption
pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies.
2. Clarify assumptions for economic analysis and better quantify potential economic impacts
in Pakistan
For Pakistan, primary economic benefits are based on the current gross margin and cropping
patterns in the project area. The LCC serves around 1.24 Mha, whereas the size of the three
tributaries, where project is going to be implemented is about 170,000 ha. The adoption of
results of the optimisation model, accommodating the equity issue based on matching soils
and climatic conditions, will result in better crop mixes. This will also result increased crop
production and water use efficiencies. It is anticipated that the project will immediately
impact on 20% area of the three tributaries, assuming 3 -5 percent increase in crop yields
with better crop mixes. The project is expected to generate additional income of Rs. 375 (AU
$7.5/ha), which translates into Rs. 12.75 million per year (AU$ 255,000 per year). The
project is also expected to generate considerable secondary economic benefits by replication
of the project results in the entire LCC (or across the whole irrigation area in the Punjab).
Assuming 20% of the entire LCC area would get benefits from the project interventions, the
conservative estimates, which are based on to 1.5% in yield and changes in the cropping mix,
show that the project will generate about Rs.36 million per year or AU$720,000 per year.
3. Describe line management of project activities in Pakistan
Provision has been made in the project document to assign line management responsibility to
staff members, who are directly involved with the project activities. Water Policy Analyst
(TBA) at UAF for 36 months and Irrigation Agronomist (TBA) at PMIU for 24 months will
share the responsibilities of project coordindation as Project Manager -Fields. The main
responsibility of the project Manager -Fields is to make sure that Australian team gets the
required data and technical support from the project team in Pakistan. During the first year of
project operation, Project Manager -Fields will liaison from PMIU office in Lahore. For the
rest of three years of project operations, Project Manager -Fields will liaison from UAF that
will act as project field office in the LCC area.
SECTION 5: Project Operations
5.1
Methodology
The planning for irrigation water management in an irrigation scheme consists of the
preparation of an allocation plan for distribution of land and water resources to different
crops up to tertiary or farm level, and water delivery schedules in terms of timing and amount
of water delivery for this allocation plan according to the set objectives/targets. One of the
oldest problems in this planning has been how to divide the shared and limited water
resources among the multiple users efficiently and equitably by addressing the social,
economic, and political issues, while considering the heterogeneity in soils, crops, and
climate and complexity of the water distribution system (Chambers 1988; Gorantiwar and
Smout 2003; and Unal et al. 2004).
On the basis of dealing with the performance measures such as productivity and equity, these
methodologies can be classified in three categories as:
42
Much of the literature on allocation of land and water resources focused on the first category,
i.e., optimizing productivity (Yaron and Dinar 1982; Rao et al., 1990; Paul et al. 2000, and
Sahoo et al., 2001). The models used in these studies were of single field type. Therefore
these models could not consider the distribution of resources land to be irrigated and water by
allocation units or fields and hence the water delivery schedules for the allocation plans were
not discussed. Therefore the issue of equity was not addressed.
Previous studies that used the multi-field type of models; like, Sritharan et al., 1988 and
Shyam et al., 1994, to produce the allocation plans and water delivery schedules for each
allocation unit. These studies discussed or estimated the performance measure of equity for
the optimum allocation plan, as they obtained the distribution of the resources by allocation
unit. The methodologies included in these models fall in the second category of
methodologies, which optimize productivity while addressing the issue of equity. However
these models did not aim for optimization or maximization of the equity.
The consideration of equity in the process of area and water allocation itself third category is
an important social aspect of irrigation water management (Abernethy, 1986 and Chambers,
1988) and hence needs to be included while developing the allocation plans. Although some
of the studies addressed the issue of equity as elaborated above, its consideration was limited
to allocating water to a previously cultivated area, or equitable water allocation was estimated
outside the allocation process. However the local situations may need maximizing equity,
while optimizing the productivity. Notionally, equitable water supply is the main feature of
the Warabandi water distribution system practiced LCC in Pakistan (Malhotra, 1982) and in
central India (Mandavi, 1988). However, as mentioned earlier, the inequity in the Mogha
System arises from the tempering of the Mogha as well as by cutting of channels to obtain
additional water resources through criminal means. This creates inequity among users as well
as failure to implement existing water rules. In addition, several other institutional and
technical factors have contributed to make the flow conditions in the canal system
increasingly variable (Bandaragoda, 1996).
5.1 Modelling approaches
Equity in general may be defined as the allocation and delivery of an equitable share of water
to the users throughout the irrigation scheme based on certain criteria such as a fixed
proportion according to the land holdings of different farmers (Sunil et al., 2006).
The aim of the hydro-economic modelling is to analyse a variety of hydrologically improved,
economically viable and equitable irrigation policy options. The aim of the hydrological sub
models such as SWAGMAN and MODFLOW/MT3D generate the irrigation strategies for
different irrigation policies, and simulate the crop yield from irrigating different crops on
different soils in different allocation units for these irrigation strategies (Figure 1).
43
44
Based on this general approach the activity plan for the project is given below.
5.2 Activity plan
Activity 1.1: Collect and synthesise data regarding irrigated crops, water distribution,
groundwater uses, soil physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the
command area of the LCC in Pakistan and CIA in Australia.
- Literature review regarding canal, groundwater, soil and crop issues at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels in the LCC and CIA.
- Collect and synthesis facts and figures from existing data sources and available
reports in the LCC and CIA.
- Develop database of irrigated crops, water distribution, groundwater uses, soil
physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the LCC and CIA.
Activity 1.2: Explore major issues associated with water distribution; identify gaps in the
existing knowledge, planning and implementation; and articulate real aspirations for the
future of the region for a sustainable irrigated agricultural base and healthy catchments.
- Conduct preliminary interviews with selected scientists and regulation agencies staff
from different disciplines, and community members.
- Document findings on: (i) major issues associated with water distribution, (ii) gaps in
the existing knowledge, planning and implementation of on-farm water management,
and (iii) important features that constitute resilient irrigation communities and
environments for better on-farm water management.
Activity 1.3: Undertake spatial and temporal hydrological analysis as a function of cropgroundwater-soil mix at "distributary" and "minor" canal level both in the LCC and CIA.
- Update the developed database of irrigated crops, water distribution, groundwater
uses, soil physiography, aquifer characteristics, and cropping pattern in the LCC and
CIA. This task will be assisted by field studies for water accounting to synthesise
facts (both spatially and temporally) in canal and groundwater distribution at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA. This water
accounting would lead to optimised management of these water resources for
assisting water user associations in maximizing crop production and managing
salinisation in Australia and Pakistan.
- Prepare and analyse spatial and temporal hydrological maps of water distribution as a
function of crop-groundwater-soil mix at "distributary" and "minor" canal level both
in the LCC and CIA. This spatial and temporal hydrological analysis will help
developing a hydrologic economic framework capable of trade-off scenario analysis
of water distribution as a function of crop-groundwater-soil mix at farm and
"distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and CIA.
Activity 1.4: Develop a hydrologic economic framework capable of scenario analysis for
more equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable distribution of canal
and groundwater at farm and "distributary" and "minor" canal levels both in the LCC and
CIA.
- Develop a hydrologic economic framework capable of trade-off scenario analysis of
optimising canal and groundwater management given the crop-groundwater-soil mix
as a function of distance to canal and socio-economic parameters.
- Use existing models i.e. SWAGMAN and MODFLOW/MT3D to develop on-farm
water and salt balance linked with the regional groundwater flow and capacity. The
SWAGMAN Farm model is a farm scale Salt, Water and Groundwater Management
model linked with economics and was developed by Khan et al. (2007).
45
46
Produce policy briefs to inform decision makers about policy options accepted by
stakeholders
Activity 3.1: Conduct separate interviews and workshops with community participants and
groups of experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater management.
- Organise interviews and workshops with community participants and groups of
experts to better clarify the major issues in canal and groundwater management.
- Organise a joint year-end workshop to resolve differences between the experts and
farmers
- Analyse and synthesise findings from interviews and workshops.
Activity 3.2: Training workshops to assist Farmer Organisations in participatory
demonstrating, evaluating and exploring adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm
canal and groundwater management strategies, and water saving technologies.
- Prepare training modules, and conduct training year-end workshop in LCC.
Activity 3.3: Project dialogue with stakeholders and regulation agencies in the LCC and CIA
for wider adoption of the promising on-farm canal and groundwater management strategies,
and smart water saving technologies at different levels.
- Conduct project dialogue meeting in LCC and CIA.
- Organise project-end workshop in Lahore, Pakistan inviting scientists, policymakers,
water managers and farmers.
5.2
Schedule
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
Objective 1. To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability data to develop optimisation tools
capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Activity 1.1: Collect
and synthesise data
regarding irrigated
crops, water
distribution,
groundwater uses, soil
physiography, aquifer
characteristics, and
cropping pattern in the
LCC command area.
- Literature
review
regarding canal,
groundwater,
soil and crop
issues at farm
and
"distributary"
and "minor"
canal levels.
Yr 1, m 1-3
Discussion
paper
drafted
- Collect and
synthesise facts
and figures
from existing
data sources
and available
reports.
Yr 1, m 1-6
Preliminary
report
drafted
Initial
database
developed
Develop Yr 1, m 1database
of 12
irrigated crops,
water
distribution,
47
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
groundwater
uses,
soil
physiography,
aquifer
characteristics,
and
cropping
pattern.
Activity 1.2: Explore
major issues associated
with water distribution;
identify gaps in the
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation;
and
articulate
real
aspirations for the
future of the region for
a sustainable irrigated
agricultural base and
healthy catchments.
Conduct Yr 2, m 1-6
preliminary
interviews with
selected
scientists and
regulation
agencies staff
from different
disciplines, and
community
members.
Document
findings on: (i)
major
issues
associated with
water
distribution, (ii)
gaps in the
existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementation
of
on-farm
water
management,
and
(iii)
important
features
that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communities
and
environments
for better onfarm
water
management.
Report
prepared on:
(i)
major
issues
associated
with water
distribution,
(ii) gaps in
the existing
knowledge,
planning
and
implementat
ion of onfarm water
management
, and (iii)
important
features that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communitie
s
and
environment
s for better
on-farm
water
management
.
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
48
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
- Develop a Yr 3, m 1-3
hydrologic
economic
framework
capable
of
trade-off
scenario
analysis
of
optimising
canal
and
groundwater
management
given the cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
canal and socioeconomic
parameters.
Time line
Milestones
Modeling
framework
developed
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
Objective 2. To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations to help determining possible improved (more equitable, economically efficient and
hydrologically sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the
49
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
irrigators.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a
preliminary
analysis
using
hydrologic
economic models for
canal and groundwater
management
in
consultation
with
different stakeholders
in the LCC command
area.
- Conduct a Yr 3, m 4-9
preliminary
analysis
for
canal
and
groundwater
management.
Preliminary
report
drafted
Consult
different
stakeholder for
feedback on the
preliminary
analysis results
Yr 5, m Prepare
1-6
scenarios for
hydrologic
economic
modeling
given
the
cropgroundwatersoil mix as a
function
of
distance
to
canal
and
socioeconomic
parameters.
Conduct
scenario
analysis
for
identifying
alternative
policy options
in
water
distribution.
Report
50
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
options
to
optimise canal
and
groundwater
management
options.
Consult
different
stakeholders to
get feedback on
the
prepared
management
options
for
maximizing
crop production
and managing
salinisation.
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
prepared on
policy
options for
defining
more
equitable,
economicall
y efficient
and
hydrological
ly
sustainable
strategies to
manage
canal
and
groundwater
in CIA and
LCC.
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater management options
in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct
separate interviews and
workshops
with
community participants
and groups of experts
to better clarify the
major issues in canal
and
groundwater
management in the
LCC command area.
Organise Yr 1, m 6- Preliminary
interviews and 11
report
workshops with
drafted
community
participants and
groups
of
experts
to
better
clarify
the major issues
in canal and
groundwater
management.
- Organise a Yr 1, m 12
joint year-end
workshop
to
resolve
differences
between
the
experts
and
farmers.
- Analyse and
synthesise
findings from
interviews and
workshops.
Activity 3.2: Training -
Prepare Yr 2, m 12
Report
prepared on
the
stakeholders
perceptions
regarding
the
major
issues
in
canal
and
groundwater
management
Workshop
Yr 5, m -
Prepare
51
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
workshops to assist
Farmer Organisations
in
participatory
demonstrating,
evaluating
and
exploring
adoption
pathways
regarding
promising
on-farm
canal and groundwater
management strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project
dialogue
with
stakeholders
and
regulation agencies in
the LCC for wider
adoption
of
the
promising
on-farm
canal and groundwater
management strategies,
and smart water saving
technologies
at
different levels.
5.3
Trip
No.
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Revised
Time line Milestones
training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
organised
7-9
Prepare Yr 3, m 12
training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end
workshop
in
LCC.
Workshop
organised
Yr 5. m Prepare
10-12
training
modules, and
conduct
training yearend workshop
in LCC.
Conduct Yr 4, m 6
project dialogue
meeting
in
LCC.
Project
dialogue
meeting
organised
Organise Yr 4, m 12
project-end
workshop
in
Lahore,
Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water managers
and farmers.
Project-end Yr 6, m 3
workshop
and
its
proceedings
are
compiled for
wider
disseminatio
n.
training
modules, and
conduct
training yearend workshop
in LCC.
Organise
project-end
workshop in
Lahore,
Pakistan
inviting
scientists,
policymakers,
water
managers and
farmers.
Travel table
Person(s)
Position
or Approximate From / To
date of travel
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Purpose
Project
/ planning
Duration
(days)
7
Project
14
/ planning and
training
Training and 14
/ year-end
workshop
Project
7
/ planning and
training
Revised
Travel
Table
52
Trip
No.
Person(s)
Position
or Approximate From / To
date of travel
Yr 2, m 6
Yr 3, m 6
Purpose
Duration
(days)
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Training and
/ year-end
workshop
Mid
term
/ project
review
Training and
/ Year-end
workshop
Mid
term
/ project
review
Training and
/ Project-end
workshop
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
Lahore
Wagga
Wagga
/ Training and 60
procedure
verification
/ Training and 60
analysis
Revised
Travel
Table
14
14
7
14
7
/ Training and 60
analysis
5.4
Intellectual properties and other regulatory compliance
There are no intellectual property and other regulatory compliance concerns in the project.
Information generated, technologies tested and model developed will be handed over to the
respective stakeholders to facilitate their implementation and adoption.
5.5
Project personnel
(i)
John Blackwell
CSU,
Professor
Water Management
20
CSU
Dr Richard Claus
CSU,
Resource
Economist
Economics,
Economic
analysis and resource use
optimisation
20
CSU
Dr. JF Punthakey
CSU,
Water
Systems
Analyst
50
CSU
53
Time input
(%)
Funding
Habib Ullah
Bodla
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), Chief
Monitoring
Surface Water
Expert
30
PID
Dr.
Muhammad
Abid Bodla
P&D Department,
Member
Engineering
Groundwater
resource
management
PIDA
Dr.
Muhammad
Riaz
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Director (Gauges)
Project Leader in
Pakistan
50
PID
Ch. Abdul
Shakoor
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Deputy Director
Monitoring
35
PID
Shakeel
Ahmad
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Sajid
Mehmood
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Dr
Muhammad
Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
35
PID
Zakir Hassan
Sial
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
20
PID
Azhar Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Salinity and
groundwater
management, Data
35
PID
54
Specialist
provision and
modelling
Tahir
Mahmood
Punjab Irrigation
Department, Soil
Scientist
40
PID
Basharat Ullah
Punjab Irrigation
Department,,
Agronomist
Agronomy, crops
database
development
40
PID
Khaliq Dad
PIDA, Manager
Social Mobilisation
Social impacts
40
PID
Captain M
Salam
FO Yakkar,
President
Demonstration
workshops
30
PIDA
Prof. Dr Rai M
Niaz Ahmad
30
UAF
Dr.
Sher M
Muhammad
UAF,
Director, Agricultural
Division
of extension,
Education
& technology
Extension
transfer
and
demonstration to
farmers
25
UAF
Water
M/F
technologies
and Allocation
Specialist
UAF,
Scientist
100
UAF
Dr.
Muhammad
Arshad
UAF,
Assistant
Professor,
Department
of
Irrigation
and
Drainage
40
UAF
and
and
Dr Nasir Awan
UAF,
Assistant Spatial Hydrology,
Professor
GIS
database
development,
water accounting
50
UAF
Ahmad Waqas
UAF,
Officer
50
UAF
Waseem
Ahmad
UAF,
Lecturer, Interviews
Department
of scientists
30
UAF
55
Agribusiness
Marketing
Umer
Khan
Draz M
Aamir Khan
M.
Arif M
Manzoor Khan
Naveed M
and regulation
agencies staff to
identify issues
UAF,
Research Farmer interviews
Officer, Sociologist to identify their
concerns
and
aspirations about
the project
50
UAF
UAF, Sociologist
Sociology, Farmer
interviews
50
UAF
40
UAF
Agri. Economics,
Economics
of
crops and water
use
50
UAF
UAF,
Officer
UAF, Economist
Ahmad
TBA
M/F
100
ACIAR
TBA
M/F
UAF,
Technical Agriculture Water
Assistant
Management
100
ACIAR
TBA
M/F
UAF,
Technical Groundwater
Assistant
Hydrology
100
ACIAR
TBA
M/F
Individual
Consultant for carry
out development of
model activities.
100
ACIAR
(ii)
Irrigation,
Cropping systems,
development of
Hydrological and
Socio-economic
Models
The Charles Sturt University (CSU) has a Hydrology Group working under the School of
Environmental Sciences. This group currently coordinates UNESCOs Hydrology for the
Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) program in the Asian and Pacific catchments. The
group has considerable expertise of working both in Pakistan and Australia in all the relevant
discipline pertaining to the proposed project. Particularly, the hydrology group of CSU have
expertise in: (i) integrating the hydro-economic decision support systems linked with
geographical information systems for predictive modelling of environmental and economic
futures of irrigation areas; (ii) database development and spatial and hydrodynamic analysis
for canal and groundwater interactions; (iii) hydro-geological and hydro-salinity modelling at
regional level; and (iv) training farmer groups and environmental staff of irrigation
companies in the land and water management. Their continual involvement in undertaking
this project would set a stone in enhancing technology transfer efforts by the Government of
Australia for improving livelihood of people of Pakistan. In the proposed ACIAR project, the
CSU team will be responsible for hydrological modelling to evaluate spatial and temporal
dynamics of canal and groundwater, and hydro-economic modelling for policy options at
56
regional level water management, both in case of Pakistan and Australia. The CSU, being the
lead organization, will also be responsible for overall project planning, supervision, and
finalisation of the project outputs. The joint outcome of the research initiative of ACIAR with
Australian and Pakistani proponent organizations of this project will, therefore, provide
sufficient incentives to realize towards removing disparity between differently located water
users.
Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority (PIDA) has a mandate and responsibility to
make policy level decisions and acquisition and subsequent distribution of irrigation water at
province level to ensure equity and reliability in irrigation service delivery among different
stakeholders. More importantly, PIDA is also the executing agency in the Lower Chenab
Canal System Rehabilitation Project. Under PIDA, the Programme Management and
Implementation Unit (PMIU) have a responsibility to supervise the overall progress of the
Lower Chenab Canal System Rehabilitation Project. Under this rehabilitation project, the
research and development responsibility is jointly shared by the PIDA / PARC Research and
Development Component of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC). This research and development
component has a multidisciplinary team, which includes agronomists, soil scientists,
irrigation scientists, plus other technical staff of 36 full time project staff along with 8 regular
senior staff of the Government to supervise the LCC component. Their services are
specifically designed to provide irrigation extension services to the farmers organizations
with particular emphasis on participatory demonstration, evaluation and exploration of
adoption pathways regarding promising on-farm water saving technologies. They are already
working closely with the Farmers Organizations under the ongoing institutional reforms in
the command area of LCC. Such ongoing initiative will be helpful in testing hypothesis,
evaluating ground realities, synthesising lesson learned, and devising alternative policy
options of the proposed project under real field conditions.
However, to strengthen the PIDA initiative and to streamline the project activities, research
assistance is also sought from the Water Management Institute of the University of
Agriculture Faisalabad. The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, through its water
management research and training programme for rural development (WMRC) phase-I
(1979-86) and phase-II 1987-1991, carried out research in the related fields of water
management at national level for the personnel of water management and Agricultural
Extension Services of the provinces. After completion of the Phase-I and II, this programme
was shifted from Development to Non-Development under the name of Water Management
Research Centre (1991-92). The Water Management Institute, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad is in fact a continuation of the already functioning Water Management Research
and Training Programme with a new name to perform the same functions of research and
training in water management. The institute is constituted by four sections: (i) Farm Irrigation
Management, (ii) Irrigation Agronomy and Soil Management, (iii) Socio-Economic and 9iv)
Training and Extension. The institute has been successful in developing technologies on
various aspects of water management creating an environment among the farming
community to adopt the improved water management practices for productive agriculture and
training a number of personnel of relevant disciplines and farmer in the region. In additions,
the institute has developed capacity and infrastructure facilities for carrying out the research
activities in water management. In the proposed ACIAR project, the WMI / UAF will assist
CSU and PMIU / PIDA in theirs efforts of working with the FOs in the LCC to collect and
synthesise data (both spatially and temporally) in water distribution while undertaking water
accounting exercise at regional level.
(iii)
Summary details of the research capacity, skills and role of each participant
involved
57
58
groundwater data to Australian team and will assist in development and analysis of
conjunctive water management scenarios.
Ch. Abdul Shakoor, Canal Operations, is currently working with Complaint Management
System of Programme Monitoring and Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR
project, he will be resolving complaint regarding the ACIAR Projects and Punjab Irrigation
System.
Shakeel Ahmad, Canal Operations, is currently working with Programme Monitoring and
Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
Discharge measurement and monitoring overall canal system for the whole irrigation system
of the project area.
Sajid Mahmood, Canal Operations, is currently working with Programme Monitoring and
Implementation Unit (PMIU). In the proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for
Discharge measurement and monitoring overall canal system for the whole irrigation system
of the project area.
Azhar Javaid, Salinity and Groundwater Management, is currently working the Punjab
Irrigation Department. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will assist development of cropgroundwater-soil trade-off scenarios and assessment of environmental impacts of various
water management alternatives.
Tahir Mahmood, Soil Scientist, is currently working the Punjab Irrigation Department. In
the proposed ACIAR project, he will assist collection of soil physiography data and
development of soils database and assessment of soil salinisation and related issues.
Basharat Ullah, Agronomist, is currently working the Punjab Irrigation Department. In the
proposed ACIAR project, he will assist in crops database development and crop water
requirement and crop production (water-yield relationships).
Khaliq Dad, Manager Social Mobilisation, is currently working the Punjab Irrigation
Department. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will provide support for participatory
demonstration of on-farm water saving technologies, socio-economic analysis of alternative
policy options in water distribution.
Captain M Salam, President FO Yakkar. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will help
establishing interactions between farmers and project scientists, and will also help organize
demonstration workshops for the farmers organizations members on the ground.
Dr Rai Niaz Ahmad, Project Co-coordinator in Pakistan, is an agricultural engineer by
profession, and has extensive experience in agricultural water and salinity management. He is
working as a Professor/Vice Chancellor, at University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi. In the
proposed ACIAR project, he will be responsible for coordination and performance of UAAF
team, liaison with Sardar and Dr. Khan.
Dr. Sher Muhammad, Agricultural Extension, is working as Director, Division of
Education & Extension of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. He has extensive
experience of training and technology transfer to farmers in sustaining irrigated agriculture in
Punjab, Pakistan. In the proposed ACIAR project, he will have responsibility of overseeing
the project efforts for the transfer and adoption of water saving technologies and training of
farmers.
59
60
Description
Approved
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Agreement
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Revised
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Second
Revision
Amount in
Rs. (Million)
Difference
Rs.
(Million)
Remarks
Punjab Component
a)
44.820
44.820
49.251
49.251
b)
14.532
14.532
14.532
14.532
c)
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
d)
In-kind Contribution of
PIDA
6.500
6.500
6.500
6.500
e)
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
3.837
3.837
3.837
3.837
79.689
79.689
84.120
84.120
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Difference
in amount
for foreign
is due to the
change in
AUS $
exchange
rate
61
SECTION 6: Budget
The relative breakdown of ACIAR and partner contributions is given below:
Partner
Inkind Partner
Contribution
ACIAR Funds
Expended
in Australia
Charles Sturt University
464,500
Irrigation Department
158,658
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad
109,500
Expended in
Pakistan
Total
464,500
332,000
140,220
298,878
376,842*
151,122
260,622
87,672
1,024,040
796,514
Total
Description
PERSONEL
(a) Professionally Qualified
(B) Salary-related on-Costs
(c) Appointment Expenses
(d) Other Personnel
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) Domestic Fares (and International
- IARC's only)
4
5
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt
Jan 2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
As per
Second
Revised
PC-1
2014
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
380,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
65,000
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
16,000
3,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
19,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
464,500
Differe
nce
Remarks
Amount has
not been
changed
only time
period of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014
62
PART A: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION
2.1 FUNDS EXPENDED IN AUSTRALIA FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Punjab
As per
As per
As per
As per
Approved
Contract
second
Revised
Description
PC-1
Agreement
Revised
Difference
PC-1
October
Jan 2008
PC-1
2012
2007
2014
Sr.
No.
1
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
(B) Salary-related on-Costs
TOTAL PERSONNEL
TOTAL TRAVEL
4
5
Remarks
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
60,000
59,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
119,250
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
39,408
158,658
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project
has been
extended
upto
December
2014
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
PERSONEL
(a) Salary
(B) Salary-redated on-Costs
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating
Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
Remarks
54,000
66,500
54,000
66,500
54,000
66,500
54,000
66,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
109,500
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
63
DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTNER
1. FUNDS SENT OVERSEAS FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
Sr.
No.
1
4
5
Description
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
Revised
PC-1
May
2012
Second
Revised
PC-1
2014
Difference
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
46,100
11720
11720
45,620
88,220
42,600
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
12,000
6,000
6,200
(3,000)
14,800
14,800
14,800
18,000
3,200
17,700
17,700
700
1,000
300
140,220
116,220
116,220
116,220
NIL
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating
Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International &
Domestic Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
Remarks
Amount has
been
reappropriated
as per project
requirements.
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
TOTAL PERSONNEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
(a) Research Operating
Expenses
(b) Contracted Expenditure
TOTAL SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
(a) International & Domestic
Fares
(b) Subsistence
TOTAL TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET USAGE
TOTAL
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
As per
Approve
d PC-1
October
2007
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt Jan
2008
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
98,000
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
29,800
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
5,800
4,300
10,100
10,100
10,100
10,100
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
13,222
151,122
Diff
eren
ce
Remarks
64
PART E1: COMMISSIONED ORGANISATION CONTRIBUTIONS
Charles Strut University
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
As per
Approved
PC-1
October 2007
3,32,000
Description
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
3,32,000
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
3,32,000
Difference
Remarks
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
3,32,000
TOTAL
3,32,000
3,32,000
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approv
ed PC-1
October
2007
148,352
As per
Contract
Agreemen
t
Jan 2008
148,352
96,000
132,490
376,842
148,352
148,352
As per
second
Revised
PC-1
2014
148,352
148,352
148,352
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Difference
Remarks
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND
SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE
COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
87,672
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
87,672
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
87,672
As per
second
Revised
PC-1
2014
87,672
Differen
ce
Remarks
87,672
87,672
87,672
87,672
65
732,658
As per
Contra
ct
Agree
ment
Jan
2008
732,658
140,220
116,220
116,220
116,220
151,122
1,024,0
00
151,122
1,000,0
00
151,122
1,000,0
00
151,122
1,000,0
00
As per
Approv
ed PC1
Octobe
r 2007
Charles Sturt University
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and
Drainage
Authority. Government of Punjab
Pakistan-University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad
TOTAL
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
As per
second
Revise
d PC-1
2014
Def
ere
nce
732,658
732,658
Remarks
332,000
As per
Contra
ct
Agree
ment
Jan
2008
332,000
376,842
148,352
148,352
148,352
87,672
87,672
87,672
87,672
228,490
796,51
4
228,490
228,490
796,51
4
796,51
4
As per
Approv
ed PC1
Octobe
r 2007
Charles Sturt University
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and
Drainage
Authority. Government of Punjab
Pakistan-University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad
Punjab Irrigation
Department/Government of
Punjab
TOTAL
As per
second
Revise
d PC-1
2014
Def
ere
nce
332,000
332,000
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
796,514
Remarks
As per
Approv
ed PC1
Octobe
r 2007
1,064,6
58
As per
Contra
ct
Agree
ment
Jan
2008
1,064,6
58
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
1,064,65
8
As per
second
Revise
d PC-1
2014
1,064,6
58
Def
ere
nce
Remarks
517,062
264,572
264,572
264,572
238,794
238,794
238,794
238,794
228,490
228,490
228,490
66
TOTAL
DISTRIBUTION %:
AUSTRALIA/IARC
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation &
Drainage Authority. Government
of the Punjab
Pakistan-University of
Agriculture
Faisalabad
Total
1,820,5
14
1,796,5
14
45.40%
29.20%
53.40%
25.50%
100%
46.60%
100%
1,796,5
14
1,796,5
14
67
68
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
Objective 1. To obtain spatial crop, soil, and water availability data to develop optimisation tools
capable of analysing hydrological and economic water management trade-off scenarios.
Activity 1.1: Collect
and synthesise data
regarding irrigated
crops, water
distribution,
groundwater uses, soil
physiography, aquifer
characteristics, and
cropping pattern in the
LCC command area.
- Literature review
regarding canal,
groundwater, soil
and crop issues at
farm and
"distributary" and
"minor" canal
levels.
Yr 1, m 1-3
Discussion
paper
drafted
- Collect and
synthesise facts and
figures from
existing data
sources and
available reports.
Yr 1, m 1-6
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Develop database
of irrigated crops,
water distribution,
groundwater uses,
soil physiography,
aquifer
characteristics, and
cropping pattern.
Yr 1, m 1-12
Initial
database
developed
- Conduct
preliminary
interviews with
selected scientists
and regulation
agencies staff from
different
disciplines, and
community
members.
Yr 2, m 1-6
Report
prepared
on: (i)
major
issues
associated
with water
distributio
n, (ii) gaps
in the
existing
knowledge
, planning
and
implement
ation of
on-farm
water
manageme
nt, and (iii)
- Document
findings on: (i)
major issues
associated with
water distribution,
(ii) gaps in the
existing knowledge,
planning and
implementation of
69
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
on-farm water
management, and
(iii) important
features that
constitute resilient
irrigation
communities and
environments for
better on-farm
water management.
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
important
features
that
constitute
resilient
irrigation
communiti
es and
environme
nts for
better onfarm water
manageme
nt.
- Update the
developed database
of irrigated crops,
water distribution,
groundwater uses,
soil physiography,
aquifer
characteristics, and
cropping pattern.
Yr 2, m 1-12
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Prepare spatial
and temporal
hydrological maps
of water
distribution as a
function of cropgroundwater-soil
mix at
"distributary" and
"minor" canal level.
Yr 2, m 7-12
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Develop a
Yr 3, m 1-3
hydrologic
economic
framework capable
of trade-off
scenario analysis of
optimising canal
and groundwater
management given
the cropgroundwater-soil
mix as a function of
distance to canal
and socio-economic
parameters.
Modeling
framework
developed
70
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
Objective 2. To use the developed optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer
Organisations to help determining possible improved (more equitable, economically efficient and
hydrologically sustainable) canal and groundwater management options acceptable to the
irrigators.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a
preliminary analysis
using hydrologic
economic models for
canal and groundwater
management in
consultation with
different stakeholders
in the LCC command
area.
- Conduct a
preliminary
analysis for canal
and groundwater
management.
Yr 3, m 4-9
Preliminar
y report
drafted
Yr 3, m 1-12
Preliminar
y report
drafted
Preliminar
y report
drafted
Prepare scenarios
for hydrologic
economic
modeling given
the cropgroundwater-soil
mix as a function
of distance to
canal and socioeconomic
parameters.
Report
prepared
on policy
options for
defining
more
equitable,
economica
lly
efficient
and
- Consult different
stakeholder for
feedback on the
preliminary
analysis results
- This task will be
assisted by field
studies for water
accounting at farm
and distributary
and minor canal
levels.
- Prepare policy
options to
70salinize canal
and groundwater
management
options.
- Conduct scenario
analysis for
identifying
alternative policy
options in water
distribution.
- Consult different
stakeholders to get
feedback on the
prepared
Yr 4, m 1-6
71
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
management
options for
maximizing crop
production and
managing
salinization.
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
hydrologic
ally
sustainable
strategies
to manage
canal and
groundwat
er in CIA
and LCC.
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more equitable,
economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater management options
in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct
separate interviews and
workshops with
community participants
and groups of experts
to better clarify the
major issues in canal
and groundwater
management in the
LCC command area.
- Organise
interviews and
workshops with
community
participants and
groups of experts
to better clarify the
major issues in
canal and
groundwater
management.
Yr 1, m 6-11
Preliminar
y report
drafted
- Organise a joint
year-end workshop
to resolve
differences between
the experts and
farmers.
Yr 1, m 12
Report
prepared
on the
stakeholde
rs
71erceptio
n regarding
the major
issues in
canal and
groundwat
er
manageme
nt
- Prepare training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end workshop
in LCC.
Yr 2, m 12
Workshop
organised
Prepare training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end
workshop in LCC.
- Prepare training
modules, and
conduct training
year-end workshop
in LCC.
Yr 3, m 12
Workshop
organised
- Analyse and
synthesise findings
from interviews and
workshops.
72
Objectives/Activities
Tasks
Time line
Milestones
Revised
Milestones
- Conduct project
dialogue meeting in
LCC.
Yr 4, m 6
Project
dialogue
meeting
organised
Yr 4, m 12
Projectend
workshop
and its
72roceedin
g are
compiled
for wider
disseminati
on.
73
74
Sex
Time input
(%)
Funding
Habib Ullah
Bodla
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), Chief
Monitoring
Surface Water
Expert
30
PID
Dr.
Muhammad
Abid Bodla
P&D Department,
Member
Engineering
Groundwater
resource
management
PIDA
Dr.
Muhammad
Riaz
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Director (Gauges)
Project Leader in
Pakistan
50
PID
Ch. Abdul
Shakoor
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU),
Deputy Director
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Shakeel
Ahmad
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Sajid
Mehmood
Programme
Monitoring and
Implementation
Unit (PMIU), ADM
PMIU
Monitoring
35
PID
Dr
Muhammad
Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
35
PID
Zakir Hassan
Sial
Punjab Irrigation
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
Hydrology,
Groundwater data
provision and
G.W. quality
management
specialist
20
PID
Azhar Javaid
Punjab Irrigation
Salinity and
35
PID
75
Department,
Groundwater
Specialist
groundwater
management, Data
provision and
modelling
Tahir
Mahmood
Punjab Irrigation
Department, Soil
Scientist
40
PID
Basharat Ullah
Punjab Irrigation
Department,,
Agronomist
Agronomy, crops
database
development
40
PID
Khaliq Dad
PIDA, Manager
Social Mobilisation
Social impacts
40
PID
Captain M
Salam
FO Yakkar,
President
Demonstration
workshops
30
PIDA
TBA
M/F
Individual
Consultant for carry
out development of
model activities.
Irrigation,
Cropping systems,
development of
Hydrological and
Socio-economic
Models
100
ACIAR
76
PART F1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
(Inkind Contribution)
Sr.
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
Description
PERSONEL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
148,352
As per
Contract
Agreeme
nt
Jan 2008
148,352
96,000
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
132,490
376,842
148,352
148,352
As per
second
Revised
PC-1
2014
148,352
148,352
148,352
As per
Revised
PC-1
2012
Difference
-
Remarks
PERSONNEL
Annual
Salary
% of
time
25000
30%
As per
approved
PC-1
October
2007
30,000
24000
5%
20000
As per
contract
agreement
Jan 2008
As per
revised PC1 2012
As per
second
revised
PC-1 2014
Differe
nce
30,000
30,000
30,000
4,800
4,800
4,800
4,800
10%
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
10670
35%
14,936
14,936
14,936
14,936
10670
25%
10,672
10,672
10,672
10,672
Abdul Shakoor
6000
15%
6000
6000
6000
6000
Sajid Mehmood
2500
10%
2500
2500
2500
2500
Shakeel Ahmed
2170
5%
2172
2172
2172
2172
5500
35%
7,704
7,704
7,704
7,704
5500
35%
7,688
7,688
7,688
7,688
5500
40%
8,800
8,800
8,800
8,800
10670
30%
12,800
12,800
12,800
12,800
6120
30%
7,344
7,344
7,344
7,344
148,352
148,352
148,352
148,352
Name of Position
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
(Ch. Abdul Shakoor)
Deputy Director, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Remarks
Amount
has not
been
changed
only time
period of
project has
been
extended
upto
December
2014.
77
PART G1: DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
(Local Component)
Sr.
No.
Description
PERSONEL
TRAVEL
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEM/ASSET
USAGE
TOTAL
As per
Approved
PC-1
October
2007
-
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
As per
Revised PC-1
2012
As per Second
Revision of PC-1
2014
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
Differ
ence
Remarks
*
Amount has not
been changed in the
revised PC-1 to take
care
of
O&M
expenditure
of
the
project vehicle. Time
period of the project has
also been extended upto
December 2014.
1,40,490
2,28,490
132,490
1,32,490
1,32,490
2,28,490
2,28,490
2,28,490
Payment 1
Payment 2
Payment 3
Payment 4
Payment 5
Payment 6
Payment 7
Payment 8
Total
Total
TRAVEL
(a)
As per
approved PC1 October
2007
As per
contract
agreement
Jan 2008
As per revised
PC-1 2012
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
Difference
-
Total
(b)
88,000
96,000
96,000
96,000
Remarks
Subsistence
Payment 1
Payment 2
Payment 3
Payment 4
Payment 5
Payment 6
Payment 7
Payment 8
Total
Total
INFRASTURE COSTS
CAPITAL ITEMS/ASSET USAGE
As per approved
PC-1 October 2007
As per contract
agreement Jan 2008
As per Second
revision of
PC-1 2014
Difference
44,000
44,000
44,000
44,000
Car
18,300
56,490
56,490
56,490
Pay of 3 Drivers
20.000
6,800
Item
6,800
44,590
32,000
32,000
32,000
140,490
132,490
132,490
132,490
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Remarks
78
PART C: ESTIMATED PROJECT EXPENDITURE FROM ACIAR FUNDS
DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTNER
1. FUNDS SENT OVERSEAS FOR
Pakistan-Punjab Irrigation and Drainage Authority, Government of Pakistan
As per
Approved
PC-1
Oct 2007
As per
Contract
Agreement
Jan 2008
Revised
PC-1
May 2012
Second
Revision
PC-1
May 2014
Difference
PERSONEL
Salary or Wages
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
TOTAL PERSONNEL
96,000
72,000
55,100
9,000
(46,100)
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
11,720
11,720
45,620
88,220
42,600
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
5,800
9,000
TOTAL TRAVEL
14,800
14,800
14,800
12,000
6,000
18,000
6,200
(3,000)
3,200
Sr.
No.
1
Description
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
17,700
17,700
700
1,000
300
140,220
116,220
116,220
116,220
NIL
Remarks
Amount
has
been
reappropriated
keeping in view
requirement
during Modeling
phase of Hydro
Socio-economic
Model.
PERSONNEL
Salary or Wages
Name of Position
As per
approve
d PC-1
October
2007
As per
contract
agreemen
t
11,020
48,000
48,000
22,040
(22,040)
5,510
48,000
24,000
11,020
(11,020)
22,040
(22,040)
Annual
Salary
11,020
-
Total
96,000
As per
revised
PC-1
2012
Jan-08
72,000
55,100
As per
2nd
revision
PC-1
2014
Differe
nce
9,000
9,000
9,000
(46,100
)
Remarks
Amount
has
been
rationalized keeping in
the view Hydro Socioeconomic
model
development phase of
the project.
(a)
Item
As per
approve
d PC-1
October
2007
As per
contract
agreeme
nt
2,520
2,700
6,500
6,500
40,400
12,500
(27,900)
3,300
3,300
7,800
7,800
11,720
11,720
45,62
0
88,220
42,600
PRINTING OF PUBLICATION
WORKSHOP EXPENSES (Including
Entertainment Charges, Seminar venue
charges and foreign participants
accommodation charges)
Total
(b) Contracted Expenditure
Name, Services, Duration,
Daily Rate
Paymen
t1
Paymen
t2
As per
revise
d PC-1
2012
As per
second
revision of
PC-1 2014
Differen
ce
2,520
120
220
100
2,700
5,100
64,400
59,300
Jan-08
Paymen
t3
Paymen
t4
Paymen
t5
Payme
nt 6
Remarks
Amount
has
been
rationalized keeping in
the view Hydro Socioeconomic
model
development phase of
the project.
Paym
ent 7
Payme
nt 8
Total
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Tot
al
79
TRAVEL
(c)
5800
As per
contract
agreemen
t
Jan-08
As per
revised
PC-1
2012
As per
second
revision
of PC-1
2014
Differe
nce
5,800
5,800
12,000
6,200
5,800
5,800
12,000
6,200
Remarks
Subsistence
As per
contract
agreement
As per revised
PC-1 October
2007
Jan-08
PC-1 2012
PC-1 2014
As per approved
Project Staff-1
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
Project Staff-2
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
Project Staff-3
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
Project Staff-4
15days @ 100
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,500
9,000
9,000
9,000
6,000
Total
(3,000)
(3,000)
Remarks
INFRASTURCUTURE COST
Capital item/asset usage
Item
Research Equipments
Total
As per approved
PC-1 October
2007
As per contract
agreement Jan
2008
As per revised
As per second
revision
PC-1 2012
PC-1 2014
17,700
17,700
700
17,700
17,700
700
(Muhammad Qasim)
Accounts Officer, PMIU
Irrigation Department
Lahore
Ph# +92 42 99213595-97
Difference
Remarks
1,000
300
1,000
300
Amount
has
been
rationalized keeping in
the view Hydro Socioeconomic
model
development phase of the
project.
80
References
Bandaragoda, D. J. 1996.
Institutional conditions for effective water delivery and
irrigation scheduling in large gravity systems: Evidence from Pakistan. Irrigation Scheduling:
From Theory to Practice Proceedings. Water Reports 8, Food and agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Bawden, R. 2005. A commentary on three papers. Agriculture and Human Values, 22: 169176.
Braaten, R. and Gates, G. 2003. Groundwater surface water interaction in inland New
South Wales: a scoping study. Water Science and Technology, 47(8): 215-224.
Checkland, P. 1999. Soft systems methodology in action. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd,
Chichester.
COAG (Council of Australian Governments). 1995. Water Resource Policy and Regulatory
Reform. Full documentation available via www.coag.gov.au
COAG (Council of Australian Government). 2004. National water initiative. Full
documentation available via www.coag.gov.au
Evans, R.S. 2004. River and groundwater interaction in the Murray-Darling Basin
Technical status and management options. Proceedings of the 9th Murray-Darling
Groundwater Workshop.
Fullagar IM, 2005. Rivers and aquifers: Towards conjunctive water management (workshop
proceedings). Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
Gibbs, G. R. 2002. Qualitative data analysis: explorations with NVivo. Open University
Press, Buckingham.
Government of Pakistan, 2007. Economic survey 2005-06. Ministry of Finance, Government
of Pakistan, Islamabad. http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/home.htm
Greenwood, D. J. and Levin, M. 1998. Introduction to action research: Social research for
social change. Sage Publications Inc, California.
Latif, M. and Ahmad, M.Z. 2005. Integrated water resources management for sustainable
development in a selected command. Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering,
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. 1st Annual progress report submitted to
the HEC.
Latif, M. and Pomee, M.S. 2003. Irrigation management turnover: an option for improved
utilization of limited water resources in Pakistan. Irrigation and Drainage, 52: 261 - 272
Lewin, K. 1947. Frontiers in group dynamics II. Channels of group life: social planning and
action research. Human Relations 1(2): 143 153.
Luckett, S., Ngubane, S. and Memela, B. 2001. Designing a management system for a rural
community development organization using a systematic action research process. Journal of
Systematic Practice and Action Research, 14(4): 517 - 541
Kemmis, S. and McTaggart, R. 1998. Participatory action research. In: Denzin N. K. and
Lincoln, Y. S. 2000, The Handbook of Qualitative Research (2 nd Ed.). Sage Publications Inc,
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Murray-Rust, H. 2002. Conjunctive water use and conjunctive water management. In:
Queshi, A.S., Bhatti, A. and Jehangir, W.A. 2002. Managing Surface and Groundwater
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81
for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia. Lahore: International Water Management
Institute.
Panella, T. 2004. Water sector irrigation development in Pakistan. Technical Assistance
Report, PAK 37189. South Asia Department, Agriculture, Environment, and Natural
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Qureshi, A. S., Turral, H., Masih, I. 2004. Strategies for the management of conjunctive use
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82
Appendix -I
Letter of Support from Partner Organisations
83
84
85
86
87
TERMS OF REFERENCE
AND
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
88
89
90
5.
6.
91
92
Objectives/Activities
Outputs
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
framework capable of framework capable
socio-economic
and
scenario analysis for of
trade-off
hydrological analysis
more
equitable, scenario analysis of
as a function of cropeconomically efficient water distribution
groundwater-soil mix at
and
hydrologically as a function of
farm and "distributary"
sustainable distribution crop-groundwaterand "minor" canal
of
canal
and soil mix at farm and
levels both in the LCC
groundwater at farm and "distributary" and
and CIA.
"distributary"
and "minor"
canal
"minor" canal levels levels both in the
both in the LCC and LCC and CIA.
CIA.
Objective 2: To develop improved canal and groundwater management options acceptable to
stakeholders by using the optimisation tools in a participatory mode with Farmer Organisations
in Pakistan and stakeholder groups in Australia.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a Assessment
of The regulations are Information fed into
preliminary
analysis economic value for well documented and formalising alternative
using
hydrologic implementing
accessible.
policy options aimed at
economic models for existing
water
optimising canal and
canal and groundwater policies
and
groundwater.
management
in identifying
consultation
with alternative policy
different stakeholders.
options in water
distribution.
Activity 2.2: Develop Development
of Interests
among Information fed into
crop-groundwater-soil
optimum canal and project
scientists, formalising alternative
mix scenarios while groundwater
agencies staff and policy options aimed at
incorporating
channel distribution
community members optimising canal and
operations
and strategies accepted may
differ
on groundwater.
groundwater
by stakeholders in deciding
optimum
management response the LCC in Pakistan canal
and
into
an
economic and
CIA
in groundwater
framework
for Australia.
distribution strategies.
optimising
water
management.
Activity 2.3 Formulate Policy
Different
policy Information and tools
policy options in water documentation and options would work ready for wider-scale
distribution
while adoption material better for different adoption of the optimal
optimising canal and for LCC and CIA.
stakeholders with the canal and groundwater
groundwater
same objective of management options in
management
for
maximizing
crop irrigated
agricultural
maximizing
crop
production
and areas.
production
and
managing salinisation.
managing salinisation.
Objective 3. To support PIDA and Farmer Organisations in the implementation of more
equitable, economically efficient and hydrologically sustainable canal and groundwater
management options in the study areas.
Activity 3.1: Conduct Analysed
and Farmers and agencies Build confidence and
separate interviews and synthesised
staff are willing to trust among project
workshops
with findings
from provide
factual scientists, agency staff
community participants interviews
and information, and to and farmers to achieve
93
Objectives/Activities
and groups of experts
to better clarify the
major issues in canal
and
groundwater
management.
Activity 3.2: Training
workshops to assist
Farmer Organisations
in
participatory
demonstrating,
evaluating
and
exploring of adoption
pathways
regarding
promising
on-farm
canal and groundwater
management strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Activity 3.3: Project
dialogue
with
stakeholders
and
regulation agencies in
the LCC and CIA for
wider adoption of the
promising
on-farm
canal and groundwater
management strategies,
and smart water saving
technologies
at
different levels.
Outputs
workshops
regarding the issues
on
canal
and
groundwater
management in the
selected irrigation
systems in Pakistan.
Training
and
technology transfer
packages
for
Farmers
Organizations/
Water
User
Associations,
in
Pakistan.
Risks/Assumptions
Applications
accept
groundwater the project objectives.
realities.
Aptitude of farmers
towards on-farm canal
and
groundwater
management
strategies, and water
saving technologies.
Successfully
demonstrated,
evaluated
and
explored adoption
pathways regarding
promising on-farm
canal
and
groundwater
management
strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
Geo-political
correctness of the
proposed policies and
their
adoption
pathways
for
optimizing canal and
groundwater
management in the
LCC and CIA.
Demonstration of field
laboratories
of
successful adoption of
promising on-farm canal
and
groundwater
management strategies,
and
water
saving
technologies.
94
95
96
97
98
MINUTES OF PRE-CDWP
HELD ON 20.10.2007
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
ADMINISTRATIVE
APPROVAL
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120