ALBANIA Article 273 - Leaving the scene of an accident Leaving the scene of an accident by a driver

of a vehicle or of any other motorized means of transport, in order to avoid criminal, civil or
administrative liability, constitutes criminal contravention and is punishable by a fine or up to one year
of imprisonment.
ARMENIA Article 244. Abandonment of the site of road accident. Abandonment of the site of road
accident by the driver of the means of transportation who breached the traffic rules or rules of operation
of the means of transportation, in the case of consequences envisaged in Article 242 of this Code, is
punished with correctional labor for the term of up to 2 years, or with arrest for the term of up to 3
months, or with imprisonment for the term of up to 2 years, with or without deprivation of the right to
hold certain pos ts or practice certain activities for up to 3 years.

GERMANIA

Section

Section 142 Unauthorized Leaving of the Scene of an Accident

142

(1) A participant in an accident who, after an accident in road traffic, leaves the scene of the accident
before he:
1. has made possible, on behalf of the other participants in the accident and the persons suffering
damages, the determination of his identity, his vehicle and the nature of his participation through his
presence and a statement that he participated in the accident; or
2. has waited an appropriate period of time under the circumstances, during which no one was willing to
make such determinations,
shall be punished with imprisonment for not more than three years or a fine.
(2) A participant in an accident shall also be punished under subsection (1), if he:
1. after expiry of the waiting period (subsection (1), number 2); or
2. justifiably or excusably left the scene of the accident and subsequently does not promptly make the
determinations possible.
(3) The participant in the accident satisfies the obligation to subsequently make the determinations
possible, if he informs the authorized persons (subsection (1), number 1) or a nearby police station, that
he participated in the accident, and if he states his address, whereabouts, as well as the license plate and
location of his vehicle, and makes it available for prompt determinations for a reasonable time. This
shall not apply if he intentionally obstructs the determinations by his conduct.
(4) The court shall mitigate the punishment (Section 49 subsection (1)) in cases under subsections (1)
and (2) or may dispense with punishment under these provisions if the participant in the accident
subsequently voluntarily makes the determinations possible (subsection (3)) within twenty-four hours
after an accident which did not take place in flowing traffic and which resulted exclusively in
insignificant property damage.
(5) A participant in an accident shall be deemed to be anyone whose conduct under the circumstances
could have contributed to causing the accident.
(4) The court shall mitigate the sentence (section 49(1)) in cases under subsections (1) and (2) above or
may order a discharge under these provisions if the party to the accident subsequently voluntarily makes
the determinations possible (subsection (3) above) within twenty-four hours after an accident which did
not take place in owing traffic and which resulted in merely minor property damage.

 BOSNIA SI HERTEGOVINA
Article 337 Failure to Render Aid to a Person Injured in a Traffic Accident (1) The driver of a motor
vehicle or other means of transport who injures another with that vehicle or whose injury s/he has
caused and abandons that person without rendering aid, shall be punished by a term of imprisonment of
not more than one year. (2) Where grievous bodily injury or the death of the injured person occurs as a
result of an offence under paragraph 1 of this article, the offender shall be punished by a term of
imprisonment of between three months and three years.
BULGARIA !!!!! COD PENAL
Article 140
A driver of a transport vehicle who, after a traffic accident in which he has been a participant, does not
render the necessary help to an injured person, which he was able to do without danger to himself or to
another, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for up to one year or by probation.
FINLANDA
Section 11 - Flight from the scene of a traffic accident (545/1999) . If the driver of a motor-driven
vehicle or tram is a party to a traffic accident and fails in his or her duty to stop at once and help the
injured to the best of his or her ability, he or she shall, unless a more severe penalty has been provided
elsewhere in law for the act, be sentenced for flight from the scene of a traffic accident to a fine or to
imprisonment for at most one year.

Australia
Australian law concerning vehicle crashes, says that a driver involved in a crash must stop at the scene
and give his or her information to all other drivers involved and/or persons injured, as well as the owner
and/or driver of any property damaged, and a police officer if:
Anyone is killed or injured;
A vehicle involved in the crash is towed or otherwise carried away from the crash by another
vehicle;
Any other driver involved in the crash does not stop to exchange information;
A police officer asks for any of the information.[4]
The demerit point system is used for the commission of traffic offenses in Australia; for each offense
committed, a certain number of points are given, and the accumulation of points can lead to fines and/or
license suspension or revocation.[5] When a driver fails to stop at the scene and provide the required
information to the necessary people, he or she is guilty of a hit and run, which carries a maximum
penalty of 20 points.

United States
The penalties (and the definition) of hit-and-run vary from state to state in the United States.[20] For example,
in Virginia, the crime is a felony if the crash causes death, injury, or damage to attended property in excess
of a certain dollar amount; otherwise, it is a misdemeanor.[21]
In Texas, the crime is a third degree felony if the collision involves a fatality or serious bodily injury. Collisions
causing less serious injuries are punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for

not more than five years or confinement in the county jail for not more than one year and/or a fine not to
exceed $5,000. Collisions causing $200 or more in total damages without injuries are punishable by a class
B misdemeanor, and collisions causing less than $200 in total damages are a class C misdemeanor.[22]
In New York, leaving the "scene of an incident without reporting" it is a traffic infraction, and if personal
injury is involved, then it becomes a misdemeanor.[23] There are also significantly higher fines if an animal is
injured in the hit and run crash.[24]

Canada
Hit and run is defined in Canada as Failure to stop at the scene of an accident under the Criminal
Code[6] and is subject to a penalty of up to 5 years in prison. [7] If bodily harm or death is caused in the crash
and the prosecution can prove that the accused was aware of the bodily harm or death, the maximum
penalties are up to 10 years in prison or up to life imprisonment, respectively.[8]
For a person to be convicted of failure to stop at the scene of an accident, the prosecution must prove that
the accused was aware of the crash, the accused voluntarily failed to stop and render assistance and the
intent for failing to stop was to evade civil or criminal liability. While the prosecution bears the traditional
criminal burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, the accused is presumed to have intended to evade
civil or criminal liability if the prosecution can prove the other elements of the offence. [9] This reverse onushas
been held to be a justified limit under section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[10][11]
Canadians are also required to provide their name, address and license number in writing according to the
Sec. 252 (1) of the Criminal Code. Depending on the provincial law other pieces of information may be
requested like: insurance number and license plate. Car Insurance is mandatory in Canada and managed by
each province's insurance corporation.[12]
If the accused is also convicted of other offences in relation to the crash (e.g. impaired driving or flight from
police) then courts will often make the sentence for hit and run consecutive to the penalties for the other
offences,[citation needed] the rationale being that hit and run is often committed with the intent of evading criminal or
civil liability.

China
Article 101 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China provides that in a major crash, a
hit and run results in revocation of the offender's driving license, and a lifetime ban from obtaining one again.
Article 133 of the Criminal code as of 1997 provides that hit and run after an incident resulting in death,
grievous bodily harm or major property damage is punishable with 3 to 7 years' imprisonment, and fixedterm imprisonment of 3 to 7 years if there was an attempt at escaping the scene of crash or is involved in
other especially flagrant circumstances, and fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 7 years if the act of
attempted escape results in death.[13]