Neotropical Primate Conservation UK

Associacin Neotropical Primate Conservacin Per

Associacin Neotropical Primate Conservacin Colombia

2016 PROJECT REPORT

COMPILED BY:

WITH SUPPORT FROM:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This year we have continued to make progress in all of our projects. We are happy to
announce the foundation of our new sister NGO - NPC Colombia - Asociacin
Neotropical Primate Conservation Colombia, which is now legally registered as a
non-profit association in Colombia. Following the success of our work in Peru, we are
looking forward to starting many exciting new projects in Colombia, helping to
conserve some of the countrys most threatened and beautiful primates and habitats.
Some of our achievements in Peru over the past year have been: successfully
completing the first 12 months of our new reforestation project, planting about 10,000
trees with members of the Yambrasbamba community; running hundreds of hours of
environmental education and English lessons; completing our third consecutive
primate conservation field course; assisting local conservation groups in registering
and managing their conservation reserves; participating in numerous international
congresses and workshops; rescuing 238 animals, with our wildlife trafficking
investigation leading to 11 major law enforcement interventions and arrest of 12
wildlife traffickers; helped rescued wildlife to receive better conditions and health
assessments in different rescue centers; commerce of Sacha inchi seeds and coffee to
benefit local conservation communities; and helping with the purchase of lands to set
up a new field station in our main study site in La Esperanza.

INTRODUCTION
Through collaborative grass-roots projects, our work has aimed to catalyze the
creation of communal and privately protected areas, generate growing conservation
awareness among local and international communities, and promote positive
environmental and social action at the local and landscape level. Three of Perus
endemic, and highly threatened, primate species: the yellow-tailed woolly monkey
(Lagothrix flavicauda); the San Martn titi monkey (Plecturocebus oenanthe); and the
Peruvian night monkey (Aotus miconax), continue to serve as flagship species for
NPC. The collective goals of our work have been to create, establish and preserve
natural forest corridors, support the sustainable development of rural human
populations, and protect vital populations of endangered species and the natural
resources and precious habitats they depend upon.
One particular achievement of NPC this year has been the creation of The Community
Based Conservation Network for the Endemic Primate Species of Northern Peru. This
project evolved from a smaller project which was launched during preliminary work
undertaken in early 2007. We used our experience and knowledge, acquired during
the initial years of our work, to set up the conservation network and advance our
conservation efforts. This has enhanced the protection of the three flagship primate
species (named above), as well as supporting sympatric primates and countless
endangered and endemic species of flora and fauna. We have also worked to raise
public awareness on a number of conservation issues, including environmental
degradation and its impact on local communities, and have provided education,
primarily to young people, from local communities living within and around the
protected areas where we work.

WHO WE ARE
The NPC family (NPC UK, NPC Peru and, as of late 2016, NPC Colombia) are run
by dedicated teams of international conservationists who, together with an expansive
network of friends, colleagues and associates, donate their time and talents to helping
us meet our goals. These are the board of directors from our three sister organizations:
NPC UK - Brooke Aldrich, Dr Hannah Parathian, Izzy Hunt, Katie Chabriere, Laura
Dalgetty, Ashley Atkins, Dr Mika Peck,
NPC Peru - Nestor Allgas, Sandra Almeyda, Alejandro Alarcon, Yeissy Sarmiento,
Dr Noga Shanee and Dr Sam Shanee
NPC Colombia - Alma Hernandez, Catalina Ocampo, Catalina Orrego, Juan Millan,
and Dr Sam Shanee

INVESTIGATION
A central focus of our work this year, has been to integrate research into wildlife
ecology and conservation, and non-invasive methodologies, focussing on research
applicable in our conservation efforts. We have carried out a wide range of
investigations on a number of topics, some of which are detailed below:
We continued the behavioural monitoring of yellow tailed woolly monkeys
(Lagothrix flavicauda) at our main field site at La Esperanza, covering a diverse range
of topics, including: diet, ranging, seed dispersal, parasitology and group ecology.
In February we visited the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve to carry out research in
conjunction with the IKAMA Peru primate rescue reintroduction centre. Whilst there,
the team, headed by NPC Perus President Nestor Allgas, carried out preliminary
studies to aid in site selection and the design of a new release program for
rehabilitated woolly monkeys. During the visit we conducted surveys to sample the
diversity and abundance of primates and arboreal food resources. We were able to
observe a variety of primate species such as woolly monkeys, howler monkeys,
capuchin monkeys, pygmy marmosets and many others. The results of this survey
were combined with previous surveys we had conducted in the area and submitted to
peer-reviewed journals for publication.
In May we carried out a rapid census to estimate the population of the Critically
Endangered San Martin titi monkey (Plecturocebus oenanthe) at the Pucunucho
private conservation area owned by local NGO Amazoonicos por la Amazonia
(AMPA). This was the third survey of the San Martin titi monkey carried out by NPC
since 2011, the results of which show a steady increase in the local population of the
species across the years. The reserve was previously deforested, but enrichment
planting and natural regeneration over the last 20 years has brought back natural river
flow as well as an especially dense population of P. oenanthe. The implication of this
study for the conservation of such endangered species is significant and we
recommend the urgent planting of forest corridors as an efficient conservation method
for the species.
We also carried out our first research project at the Jardines Angel del Sol
conservation concession in San Martin. This project focused on the differences in
primate diversity, abundance and distribution in and around the reserve. It was shown
that primate diversity and abundance would increase with proximity to the reserve and
growing distances from the villages. Data from this study will be used to evaluate the
ongoing and future conservation impact of our work in the area by monitoring
changes in primate presence over time in relation to increased conservation activity.
Another of our investigations this year has focused on land trafficking in forested
areas of Peru. Land trafficking is the illegal usurpation, appropriation and/or
commerce of lands. It is closely linked with deforestation and rural migration, and can
be seen as an activity that organizes and facilitates migration to forest frontier zones.
Land trafficking is common practice where we work and in Latin America in general.
Loopholes in Peruvian law and institutional inefficiencies often impede the authorities
who confront it, and corrupt officials play an essential role in facilitating the trade.
Although local people are often aware of the problems related to land trafficking, their

ability to control it is impeded by social factors and the dangers of confronting

organized criminals. Land trafficking is known to have significant environmental and
social implications and yet it is a subject which is rarely studied. It is now recognised
that this issue needs to be addressed at both academic and practical levels, therefore
NPC has begun focusing its efforts in this area. As part of this initiation, NPC has
submitted a paper on this topic, due for publication in the journal Tropical
Conservation Science. The article will be translated to Spanish and copies will be
given to the national authorities. We hope that findings from this important study will
inform the proposal for a new law to close the loopholes in existing legislations,
which currently allows this illegal practice to flourish in Peru.

Box 1. List of publications, presentations and research theses

Shanee, N. & Shanee S. (2016). Land Trafficking, Migration, and Conservation in the No-Mans
Land
of
Northeastern
Peru.
Tropical
Conservation
Science:
116.
DOI:
10.1177/1940082916682957
Shanee, N. (2016). Government and Community Based Primate Conservation Initiatives in Peru.
In Ethnoprimatology (pp. 215-231). Springer International Publishing.
Shanee, S. (2016). Predicting Future Effects of Multiple Drivers of Extinction Risk in Perus
Endemic Primate Fauna. In Ethnoprimatology (pp. 315-349). Springer International Publishing.
Allgas, N., Shanee, S., Shanee, N. & Pinasco, K. (2016). Natural re-establishment of a population
of a critically endangered primate in a secondary forest: the San Martin titi monkey (Plecturocebus
oenanthe) at the Pucunucho Private Conservation Area, Peru. DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0581-8
Fedigan, M. (2016). Health Processes and Ecology of a Rare Endangered Primate, Lagothrix
flavicauda, in the Peruvian Amazon. MRes Primate Biology, Behaviour and Conservation.
University of Roehampton.
Brown, M. (2016). The influence of anthropogenic habitat change on the abundance and diversity
of primates and mammals near the Jardines Angel del Sol Conservation Concession, Peru. MRes
Primate Biology, Behaviour and Conservation. University of Roehampton.

Shanee, S. (2016). Catalyzing conservation contagion for Peru's primates. Oral presentation
given at joint International Primatological Society and American Society of Primatologists
conference, Chicago, August 2016.
Allgas, N., Shanee, S., Campbell, N. & Shanee, N. (2016). Multi-site evaluation of
environmental factors affecting densities, presence and detection rates in the Peruvian night
monkey (Aotus miconax). Oral presentation given at joint International Primatological Society
and American Society of Primatologists conference, Chicago, August 2016.
Fack, V., Shanee, S., Meunier, H. & Vercauteren, M. (2016). The role of geophagy in the
behavioural ecology of a free-ranging group of yellow-tailed wooly monkeys (Lagothrix
flavicauda) at La Esperanza, Peru. Poster presentation given at joint International
Primatological Society and American Society of Primatologists conference, Chicago, August
2016.
Alarcn, A., Shanee, S., Huaman, G. & Shanee, N. (2016) Note of the diet Long-whiskered
Owlet, Xenoglaux loweryi in Yambrasbamba, Amazonas. Revista peruana de biologa 23(3).
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v23i3.XXXX
Shanee, S. (2016) Ocho aos de investigacin y conservacin para los primates endmicos del
Per. Oral presentation. Rufford Foundation, Lima
Alarcon Pardo, A. (2016). Conociendo parte de la dieta de la Lechucita Bigotona (Xenoglaux
loweryi) a travs del anlisis de heces. Oral presentation. XCNO- Tenth National Congress of
Ornithology, Chachapoyas.

Alarcon Pardo, A. (2016). Notas sobre la dieta y vocalizacin de la Lechucita Bigotona

(Xenoglaux loweryi). Oral presentation. IV Conference of Neotropical Raptors, La fortuna,
Costa Rica.
Almeyda, S.L. (2016). Habitat use and preference of Lagothrix flavicauda. National Congress of
Biology Students (CONEBIOL). Piura.
Campbell, N., Nekaris, KAI., Pereira, TS. & Shanee, S. (Submitted) Occupancy Modeling for
the Conservation Assessment of the Peruvian Night Monkey (Aotus miconax). Primate
Conservaton
Hernandez-Jaramillo, A., Shanee, S., Sarmiento, Y. & Shanee, N. (Submitted). Resource
availability and feeding behaviour in adult yellow tailed woolly monkeys (Lagothrix flavicauda)
at Yambrasbamba, Peru.
Svensson, M., Shanee, S., Shanee, N. et al (Accepted). Disappearing in the night: an overview
on trade and legislation of night monkeys in South and Central America. Folia Primatologica
Aldrich, BC. & Shanee, S. (Submitted). Preliminary observations on the San Martin titi monkey
Plecturocebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924 (Mammalia: Primates: Pitheciidae) vocalizations at
Tarangue, Peru. Neotropical Primates.

Box 2. List of popular publications featured in the news and internet

http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2015/12/plundering-eden-part-twobirds-and-reptiles/
http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2016/02/plundering-eden-part-threeandean-bears-and-jaguars/
http://www.actualidadambiental.pe/?p=35066
http://elcomercio.pe/wuf/noticias/peru-lider-trafico-fauna-silvestre-noticia-1878473
http://news.mongabay.com/2016/02/the-dangers-of-chinas-thumb-monkey-trend/
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/26/social-media-helps-fuel-chinasillegal-craze-for-thumb-monkeys
http://news.mongabay.com/2016/01/peru-issues-its-first-sentence-against-speciestraffickers-setting-a-precedent/
http://www.dw.com/en/how-our-connectivity-is-hurting-animals/a-19147699
http://www.actualidadambiental.pe/?p=36295
http://m.dw.com/en/the-donts-and-donts-of-keeping-exotic-pets/a-19147578
http://news.mongabay.com/2016/04/big-conservation-gone-astray/
https://news.mongabay.com/2016/05/186480/
https://es.mongabay.com/2016/07/area-conservacion-privada-peru-invadidatraficantes-terrenos/
https://blendle.com/i/nieuwe-revu/aap-dood-spies/bnl-nieuwerevu-20161207- 107174
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/28/wildlife-butchers-of-belenperu-town-that-serves-up-rare-species-for-a-few-dollars?CMP=share_btn_fb
https://es.mongabay.com/2016/10/especial-fauna-silvestre-la-venta-una-actividadilicita-control-peru/?utm_campaign=shareaholic&utm_medium=facebook&utm_
source=socialnetwork
http://lacrossetribune.com/conservation-efforts-in-peru-topic-of-freepresentation/article_04cf17a6-4a41-5200-be1f-d372888e2d4c.html
https://www.diariovoces.com.pe/65474/noga-shanee-cuestiona-forma-encuentra-osobiodiversidad
http://www.dw.com/es/los-motivos-para-no-tener-mascotas-ex%C3%B3ticas/a19149113
http://ladobe.com.mx/2016/10/fauna-silvestre-la-venta-una-actividad-ilicita-controlperu/
http://www.dw.com/de/was-du-online-machst-k%C3%B6nnte-tiere-t%C3%B6ten/a19147904

http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/2661/Dieren/article/detail/2630623/2016/02/28/Het-jaarvan-de-Aap-illegale-handel-in-dwergzijdeaapjes-piekt.dhtml
http://www.dw.com/de/warum-man-besser-keine-exotischen-haustiere-haltensollte/a-19147827
http://programm.ard.de/?sendung=2872418418180053

PROTECTED AREAS
We continue to assist the many communities, community groups and local individuals
we work with to conserve forests.
We continue to promote the two kinds of non-government protected areas available in
Peru:
Private Conservation Areas (PCA) - privately owned lands, such as titled
family plots or community lands, which can be protected for unlimited periods
of time by submitting an application to the Ministry of the Environment.
Conservation Concessions (CC) - state-owned land (not titled) which can be
registered for conservation with Regional Governments for up to 40 years.
We currently work on the creation and maintenance of both kinds of protected areas.
The process of creating these reserves necessitates repeated coordination and training
for local communities, preliminary ecological studies and socioeconomic
investigations, the writing of detailed proposals, coordination with authorities and the
payment of fees. The process for Conservation Concessions (CC) requires the
publication of an announcement in newspapers and municipalities about the proposed
creation of the reserve, followed by annual reports and management plans. New laws,
recently enacted, further complicate this process whilst paving the way for more

unsustainable land use practices to take place. Peru was recently recognized as the
fourth most dangerous country in the world for conservationists (Global Witness
2014). Although it is relatively easy to find support for the creation of reserves, it is
much more difficult to find funding for their maintenance. NPC and the local
conservationists we work with, therefore have to deal with reduced resources,
minimal in-country support and extreme pressures from both the government and
environmental criminals.
This year Peruvian biologist Yeissy Sarmiento become our reserves coordinator. She
has organized and coordinated local conservation groups which run the protected
areas we helped establish and continue to maintain and support. Having Yeissy on the
team has given us the opportunity to be more involved in developing and monitoring
the continued progress of each community group and reserve, as well as helping with
the bureaucratic procedures, environmental education and participation in regional
conservation networking activities.
In September 2015, the new management plans for four of the CCs we helped create
(Gran Simacache, Royal Sun Angels Gardens, Shitariyacu and Tres Quebradas) were
presented to the regional government of San Martin. These plans detail the
achievements, current focus and future plans for NPCs work in each of the
concessions over the next five years. Each of the plans included information on: the
environmental and social aspects of each area; details of the administration of each
concession; research programs; training; evaluation of ecosystem services; activities
schedule and budget. In 2016 we also handed in the management plans for Iguahuana
(dry delta forest in Amazonas), but these plans are yet to be approved by the regional
government due to legal changes taking place just after. The regional government of
San Martin has provided their preliminary approval, however, and so we are now
waiting for the signed documents to be released. Management plans are essential to
the legal running of reserves and delays such as these create on-going difficulties in
our ability to implement conservation activities in associated areas.
Officials from the Forest Resources Oversight Agency (OSINFOR), who are
responsible for the supervision of CCs, visit reserves to check their compliance with
the management plans and to the main obstacles to on-the-ground conservation.
All of the local associations with which we now work are integrated into regional
conservation federations run by members of grass-roots conservation groups with the
help of regional governments and NGOs. These federations (Redes de Conservacin
Regionales) are an excellent way for local people to support one another and find
outside financial and logistical support. We make it a priority to support the
participation of the groups we work with, both financially and technically, with most
groups becoming independently run and integral to their local conservation
federations. The achievements of these groups have been possible thanks largely to
various NGOs and institutions (including NPC) which allow local people to develop
their own projects, and reduce their dependency on NPC and other outside support.
Gran Simacache This 41,000 ha area is the largest area we support and its
management and protection still faces many difficulties. The Farmers Association for
the Conservation of the Natural Forests of Simacache struggle with illegal land
invaders, loggers and hunters. The group has filed a series of formal complaints and

requested help from the police, army, environmental public prosecutor and the San
Martin regional government. Although local people are legally entitled to assistance
by the authorities where land invasions take place, for more than three years they have
received no adequate support from the authorities. Members of the group have also
received life threats which therefore make it increasingly difficult for them to manage
and cope without government intervention. Consequently, NPC have been forced to
cancel all field trips into the Gran Simacache reserve as it has become increasingly
dangerous to enter the area. We continue to visit the villages surrounding the reserve,
however, to give environmental education talks. Furthermore, we have visited
the village of Alto Pachiza to combine our efforts with people from the surrounding
area to coordinate action and begin to take control of this situation. We have also filed
a formal complaint with the higher ranks of the Prosecutor's Office to further
investigate the lack of response from government authorities.
Sun Angels Gardens This 7,400 ha CC is administrated by the Association of
Farmers of La Primavera (APALP). APALP have made many advances both in
conservation and sustainable development in the villages around the reserve. Among
other things, they have successfully and peacefully removed land invaders from the
reserve without help from the authorities; secured funding to sustain their work; and
started selling shade grown certified organic coffee in beautifully designed packaging.
The APALP group have also developed their management of the reserve and become
the most independent group that NPC work with. Several development grants from
the government have been secured by APALP, using evidence of their previous
conservation achievements as proof of the groups ability and commitment to the
cause. These grants have enabled APALP to increase their income and allowed them
to dedicate increased time and effort to conservation initiatives. They have also
helped to guard the northern limits of the neighboring Gran Simacache concession.
Iguahuana This small 423 ha CC continues to be well preserved. We are currently
waiting for the regional government to approve the management plan so that we can
begin to carry out effective conservation in the area. The main problem we face at
Iguahuana is the continued presence of deer hunters, who set fire to vegetation to
flush the deer out before shooting them, damaging both the flora and fauna of the
area. This only happens in a small portion of the reserve, but is still devastating to the
area. NPC has therefore made a formal complaint to the environmental prosecutors
office and community leaders about deer hunters. We also discovered that during
mapping work we made a small error when marking the reserves limits and have
therefore spent time updating this information and, having submitted all necessary
paperwork to the regional government, are hopeful that this issue will be rectified
very soon. We have visited Delta and the surrounding villages several times this year
to carry out environmental education, and to begin to coordinate our objectives and
activities with the local communities.
Shitariyacu and Tres Quebradas Over the last few years we have begun reducing
our involvement with the concessions of Shitariyacu and Tres Quebradas as they now
receive assistance from two other conservation NGOs. We have continued to visit the
communities located next to these reserves, however, in order to carry out
coordination and education work. We plan to return to these reserves in 2017 to carry

out further educational work and to assist with specific projects, such as biological
monitoring and environmentally sustainable economic activities.
As referred to above, OSINFOR is carrying out inspections of all private and
communal reserves. The Tres Quebradas concession was the first reserve to receive a
fine due to a small discrepancy between the reserves limits as shown on the official
maps and the on-the-ground limits. Currently lawyers from local NGO Amazonicos
para la Amazonia are helping people from the Tres Quebradas concession appeal the
decision.
Alto Renaco This 3,300 ha reserve is not yet formally registered. As already
mentioned, recent changes in law make the establishment of new reserves a much
more difficult process. The Alto Renaco group remains determined to register the
reserve, however, and are working to meet the new requirements. We are helping the
association reorganize their paper work for resubmission. We do not agree with the
new legal changes which have been implemented, however, believing that the
creation of privately and communally run reserves should be facilitated by the
government and set as a priority rather than being hindered further.
El Quinillal The El Quinillal reserve was created in December 2015 by the
Asociacin de Proteccin Ambiental del Bosque El Quinillal (APABOQUI). Our role
was to carry out biological inventories prior to its creation, and we remain committed
to supporting the maintenance of the reserve. The NGO AMPA are now working with
the group to further develop the management plan.
La Pampa del Burro This Private Conservation Area belongs to the
Yambrasbamba Campesino community. The community received funding from the
Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental and the Amazonas Network for Private
Conservation which has allowed them to develop the reserve to make it a suitable site
to receive tourists, by installing signs, border markers, trails and building basic
accommodation. The accommodation also doubles as a resting place for park guard
patrols. Furthermore, a local resident who was illegally cutting timber in this area has
been removed by the Ronda Campesina. The community authorities have given the
man another patch of land in an alternative part of the forest, having established with
the man which areas he may enter to cut wood and made clear the punishment he will
receive should he continue to cut wood illegally.

Hocicn, The Monkeys Jungle, Quscarumi - These three reserves are examples of
the hundreds of ARCAs created throughout Peru. These areas are autonomous
initiatives of different Ronda bases, each ranging in size from 20,000 to 100,000 ha.
In July this year we held our third primate conservation field course at The Monkeys
Jungle. Proceeds from the field course enabled the local community to buy a boat and
work with researchers and tourists wanting to visit the area.
Marona Marona is another ARCA of 874 ha close to the city of Moyobamba which
protects part of the cordillera and provides water to surrounding villages. Following
the creation of Marona the Regional Government of San Martin made contact
requiring the group to register the reserve as a CC in the name of the Ronda base at
the Public Registry Office.
Table 1. Protected areas supported by NPC.
Region

Type
of PA

Name

Location

Size
(ha)

Administrator

Ecosystem

Amazonas

ACP

Pampa del
Burro

0539'56"S
7754'36"W

2,776

Campesino
community

White sand high forest

and cloud forest

CC

IguahuanaDry Forests
of Delta

0547'57"S
7834'16"W

412

Local person

Maraon dry forest

Hocicon

0635'11"S
7715'36"W

509

Ronda
Campesina

Montane and premontane cloud forest

Amazonas

Amazonas ARCA
San
Martn

CC

El Gran
Simacache

072'39"S
7711'59"W

41,269

Local
association

Montane and premontane cloud forest

San
Martn

CC

Jardines
Angel del Sol

0642'28"S
7713'29"W

7,418

Local
association

Montane and premontane cloud forest

San
Martn

CC

Tres
Quebradas

0713'52"S
7653'8"W

4,176

Local
association

Pre-montane cloud
forest

San
Martin

CC

Shitariyacu

0717'34"S
7652'10"W

1,591

Local
association

Pre-montane cloud
forest

San
Martin

CC

Alto Renaco

0627'32"S
7653'56"W

3,372

Local
association

Pre-montane cloud
forest

San
Martin

CC

El Quinillal

0650'47"S
7626'39"W

10,696

Local
association

Huallaga dry forest

San
Martin

CC

Marona

0602'31"S
7658'12"W

874

Local
association

Pre-montane cloud
forest

San
Martin

ARCA

The
monkeys
Jungle

0558'20"S
7712'21"W

324

Ronda
campesina

Flooded forest

EDUCATION
In 2015, NPC staff and volunteers gave dozens of talks to a variety of audiences
including children of all ages, university students and staff, academics, NGOs,
government agencies, grassroots organizations and associations. The location of the
talks given focused on areas within the buffer zones of conservation reserves, at
wildlife trafficking hotspots and to community leaders gathered from wider areas. The
talks shared information about the importance of forests and wildlife, the dangers of
climate change, extinction processes, the consumption of bushmeat and sustainable
agriculture. Overall, our education campaign made contact with 1,624 children and
145 adults in 15 villages. In 2016 continued our education work by conducting a
specific education campaign with the objective of supporting the conservation
initiatives of locally run reserves and our anti-trafficking work. This was achieved
through raising awareness about conservation issues in schools, towns and villages
neighbouring these initiatives.
The main issues discussed during the education campaign were:
- The prevention of wildlife trafficking and bushmeat consumption; moral and
legal aspects as well as the health risks involved.
- Explaining basic concepts of wildlife traffic control and the role of rescue
centres.
- Conservation of local biodiversity.
- Prevention of future environmental problems caused by habitat degradation.
- The importance of locally run conservation areas and their contribution to
local rural populations.
- The identification of endangered and emblematic wildlife from nearby
conservation areas.
- Problems faced by those who run local protected areas.
Classes were delivered through games, videos and storytelling. The program was
adapted to suit the needs and ages of the children and their class size. Typically the
classes were divided into the following sections:
1. An initial talk explaining the main conservation issues (set out above)
specifically designed for each age group, using PowerPoint where possible.
2. A short animation on emblematic species, and illustrating the problems of
wildlife trafficking. In most cases the video Primate versus Primate made
by NPCs Karla Ramirez1 was shown, but for younger children shorter videos
were used.
3. The illustrated book A Great Dream, designed and printed specifically for
the campaign, was read with participation from the audience. The book tells
the story of a girl who wants a wild animal as a pet but who gradually changes
her mind as she begins to understand the negative consequences of doing this.
4. A board game similar to Snakes and Ladders was also made specifically for
the campaign. The game involved players rolling a dice and answering
questions based on material learnt during previous environmental education
1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__faAAWltPc

classes. In another game the children had to fish for cardboard monkeys and
answer a question based on the material that had been taught. Working as a
group, the children had to correctly answer each question to receive points for
their team. In larger classes, where there were too many children to participate
in the games, a set of questions was read out to the class, and each child who
gave a correct answer won an NPC poster (used in the campaign against the
wildlife trade and explaining the importance of the endemic Peruvian night
monkey to these regions). This part of the class was designed to enhance the
students understanding of material taught on the course, and to help us to
asses to what degree the information was assimilated. Lessons and activities
were designed by Yeissy Sarmiento and Kate Chabriere and taught by NPC
staff and volunteers.
Following these classes we gave teachers and parents our contact details and provided
them with the relevant phone numbers to enable them to report any illegal activities to
the wildlife authorities. Primary school children particularly enjoyed taking part in
these activities and shared many stories about their interactions with wildlife in their
communities. In many cases, the children or someone else in their families had a
monkey or parrot as a pet or had hunted wild animals, either for consumption or for
sale. In these cases we made sure not to criticize or embarrass the children but tried to
explain the negative consequences of these practices and provided them with practical
guidance about how to hand over captive wildlife to authorities or rescue centres in
the area. In the smaller villages we were able to use our generator and projector and
invite children to eco-cinema evening screenings, showing fun videos with
messages about the importance of wildlife and conservation.
We also organized meetings with parents and other adults to talk about nearby
conservation areas, the connections between climate change, deforestation, hunting
and agriculture and promote more sustainable ways of life.

We visited the tourist town of Sauce to support the authorities efforts in controlling
the use of wild animals as photo props. The area is a popular destination for Peruvians
who come to enjoy the nearby lake. Over the last four years we have participated in
numerous interventions in the area, confiscating animals that were used as photo
props. The animals are usually kept in very bad conditions and quickly die, resulting
in a quick turnover and therefore high numbers of wildlife being killed for this trade.

Another worrying aspect is the violation of child labor laws through this trade, as very
young children are increasingly used by touts to avoid arrests by police2.
During August, at the invitation of the regional environmental authorities, we
participated in the Amazonas Regional Governments annual farmers fair
(FERAGRO) in the city of Chachapoyas. We used the opportunity to inform the
public about the illegality and cruelty of animal trafficking in the hope that they
would use this information to report any instances they find, to the correct authorities.
Together with the Regional Environmental Authority of Amazonas we co-produced a
beautiful children's colouring book. The book teaches children about wildlife
trafficking. The story and illustrations were designed and made by the very talented
Yeissy Sarmiento. The regional government printed 1,000 copies of the book and we
have uploaded it to the internet for free access to anyone who wishes to use it for
environmental education (http://neoprimate.org/Publications/Amazona-cuento.pdf).

More about Sauce and the connection between wildlife trafficking and child exploitation:
www.neoprimate.org/index.php/en/npc-news/8-news-ticker/149-wildlife-traficking-and-childlabour

CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOP FOR WILDLIFE AUTHORITIES AND

RESCUE CENTRES
In April, we gave a three-day workshop on the care of recently rescued fauna.
The workshop was given to the wildlife authorities, environmental police and rescue
centres of San Martin region, Peru. Each day's activities were divided between
theoretical and practical sessions focused on biosecurity, basic healthcare and
nutrition for rescued animals. During practical sessions, the authorities learned how to
handle rescued animals in the correct way (safest for the animals and the handlers),
how to make a preliminary evaluation on the health of recently rescued animals, and
simple medical treatments for the most common animal health issues. The course took
place at the Chullachaqui rescue centre where we could combine demonstrations with
assisting the centre in giving the animals necessary health checks. The workshop was
organized by Luis Mendo and Vladimir Perez of the Regional Environmental
Authorities of San Martin and NPC, with classes given by NPC vets Patricia Mendoza
and Yumi Matsuno and our project director Noga Shanee.

2016 PRIMATE CONSERVATION FIELD COURSE

This year we ran our third primate conservation field course. The 2016 course was
attended by young conservationists and primatologists from Peru, Ecuador, Colombia,
El Salvador, Mexico and Spain. The whole group showed an eagerness and dedication
to primate conservation that promises hope for the future of nonhuman primates and
global biodiversity in general. Classes were taught by instructors from Colombia,
Ecuador and Peru who shared a wealth of experience, knowledge and passion about
primate conservation. For the first time the course was held in Moyobamba, the
capital of San Martin department, and finished with three days of practical field
classes in the locally protected area La Jungla de los Monos (The Monkeys Jungle)
where we plan to run future courses.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable economic development continues to be the most challenging part of our
work. One way we achieve this is by seeking out larger markets and establishing a
connection between buyers and local producers in Sacha Inchi. The excellent shade
grown organic coffee produced by APALP, the association responsible for the Sun
Angels Garden Concession for Conservation, is now sold nationally and to lesser
extent internationally. With a governmental grant the association has upgraded the
quality of the coffee and designed beautiful packaging which presents the reserves
and its species biodiversity. The coffee is very much appreciated nationally and is
being sold in many environmental and culinary platforms. We took a dozen samples
to the United States for the IPS meeting to distribute to people that might be able to
start selling them in the future to support the associations conservation efforts.
As part of our community assistance programs in La Esperanza, we ran a second free,
three-month English program for the communitys primary and secondary school
children. Between March and July, we were joined by Carmen Callejo who gave four
months of free English classes in the villages of La Esperanza, La Florida and Buenos
Aires near our main yellow tailed woolly monkey project site. Carmen, who came all
the way from Spain, did an amazing job teaching in primary and secondary schools,
winning the hearts of the students and showing excellent results. More than 300
children and teenagers were taught basic English conversational skills and an
expanded vocabulary. Most importantly, Carmen managed to weave into her teaching
environmentally important topics on issues of wildlife conservation. At the end of the
program the children from the La Esperanza primary school wrote and performed a
short theatrical piece about animal trafficking in English, a work that premiered
during the village anniversary.
In March, we completed the first phase in ensuring the long-term protection of the La
Esperanza Research site where we have been monitoring populations of the Critically
Endangered yellow tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) since 2007. Thanks
to a generous grant from the Rainforest Trust (www.rainforesttrust.org) we have
secured the purchase of 100 ha of primary cloud forest for the future. The purchase
was made in the name of one of our local supporters, Senor Alejandro Mego, who has
worked closely with us, and donated office space and accommodation free of charge
since the beginning of the project. We will now begin improving facilities at the site
to bring more researchers and provide educational facilities for local villagers and
children. We will also begin reforestation and recuperation activities in areas of the
land that were cleared by the previous owner.
In the community of Yambrasbamba we ran a sterilization campaign for domestic
animals. Good veterinary care and population control is exceptionally important in
areas of high biodiversity as domestic animals often enter forested areas to hunt and
graze and can transmit diseases to wildlife. We are very grateful to vets Ana Priscila
Aguilar Peralta, Giancarlo Inga, Patricia Mendoza and Kevin Diaz Pelaez Malpica
who operated on the animals and kindly donated their time, equipment and materials.
This project is very important and has earnt the interest of local people. We therefore
hope to continue to sterilize dogs and cats in the surrounding villages.

REFORESTATION
In 2015, we constructed a tree nursery in the village of La Esperanza. The aim of the
project was to supply trees of native timber and fruit species to local farmers from the
villages of La Esperanza, Buenas Aires, Yambrasbamba, Miraflores, Santa Rosa, La
Florida and La Perla del Imaza. The reforestation work was funded by WWFs
Russell E. Train Education for Nature program and the Swiss Science Agency
Network. In 2016 we continued the nursery work and were able to freely distribute
about 10,000 trees of five native species to 151 families in the seven villages. These
trees were used to plant 9 km of living fences and reforest 8 hectares of silvo-pasture.
Although reforestation is not a suitable alternative to protecting primary forests, in
areas with high human population densities the recuperation of even small areas and
the maintenance of connectivity between remaining forests and forest patches can
have a great impact for the conservation of some of the most endangered species. We
were also able to employ local technicians and trainees from the community. As part
of this work, local staff received training in reforestation and nursery techniques from
the technicians. Additionally, we organized meetings in the villages included in the
project to explain the importance of forests, forest connectivity and reforestation. The
community members are very enthusiastic about this project and many have requested
more trees when they are ready. To fulfil this demand, we have already begun
planting the germination beds for a second round of reforestation in 2017. We
received a continuing grant from the Swiss Science Agency Network and have
applied for another grant from WWF to continue to augment this work in the coming
year.

WILDLIFE RESCUE
Our nine years experience working with wildlife rescue and law enforcement in
northern Peru has been both encouraging and frustrating. The regions we work in,
including Amazonas and San Martin, as well as cities such as Pucallpa and
Yurimaguas, were both key centres used for trafficking (where wildlife was openly
kept and sold with no fear of interventions from the authorities). This situation is
rapidly changing, with wildlife authorities beginning to control wildlife trafficking
and prosecuting traffickers. It is very satisfying to visit areas which were once open
trafficking centres, and which are now free of captive wildlife. However, we do still
encounter appalling cases of corruption and deliberate inefficiency within the wildlife
authorities themselves. We repeatedly report these cases to national authorities with
no satisfactory response.
2016 saw great advances in our fight against illegal wildlife trafficking in Peru. We
organized and were involved in the reporting, confiscation, rescue and transportation
of 238 animals, 52 of them classified as Threatened by the IUCN, CITES and/or
protected under national law (014-2014-MINAGRI, see table 2 and figures 1-3). We
have a few holding and transport cages in our main office, which mean we are able to
provide rescued animals with preliminary care before they are delivered to rescue
centres; a journey which can take anywhere between five hours and two days. Some
animals, which we suspect will be unable to survive the journey, either because they
are too young or injured, are given to us in custody by the authorities until they are
strong enough to be sent to one of the centres.
This year we co-organized and participated in 11 major interventions in wildlife
markets and tourists centres that use wildlife as attractions. These actions resulted in
the arrest of 12 people. Those detained by police are currently under investigation and
both administrative and criminal proceedings have been opened against them. Thanks
to recent changes in Peruvian wildlife laws immediate sentencing is possible for the
first time and penalties have been increased to between three and six years
imprisonment with a minimum fine of S/.39,500 (just over $11,000). However, the
justice system in Peru is extremely slow and these cases are still being investigated
and processed.

Ucayali
Since the demolition of the Bellavista Wildlife Market in Pucallpa in 2015, the
biggest wildlife market in Peru, we have returned to the city three times. In January
2016, we participated in raids on five smaller markets in Pucallpa. The raids resulted
in the arrest of four traffickers and the rescue of live animals and confiscation of close
to a hundred kilograms of bush meat. These raids were organized by the
Environmental Public Prosecutors office in conjunction with the regional wildlife
authorities, customs office and the police. NPC's undercover work has helped identify
trafficking centres and illegal activities, and we have helped with the care of rescued
animals. This has resulted in the first arrests associated with wildlife trafficking in
Ucayali.

Loreto
During 2016 we co-organized and participated in three interventions at the Vado
Market in Yurimaguas. This market is one of two wildlife markets operating in
Yurimaguas, trading live animals and bushmeat in large quantities. Yurimaguas is one
of the main wildlife trafficking centres in Peru, with hundreds of animals passing
through daily which have been smuggled from the rainforests around Iquitos to
coastal cities and out of the country. We have been carrying out undercover
investigations at this market and campaigning against it for the past two years. We
also conducted the first ever operations against Vado market.
The first intervention, in February, resulted in the rescue of 92 animals; four tamarin
monkeys, two river turtles, six parrots, 79 parakeets and a toucanet. In the second
raid, in March, we managed to rescue 64 animals; eight monkeys, 12 turtles, 43 birds
and an agouti, and two people were arrested for wildlife trafficking. In April, we took

part in another intervention to rescue one monkey, two parrots and confiscate 10 kg of
bush meat from various wild animal species. In stark contrast to earlier operations,
where we found hundreds of wild animals each time, the low numbers of animals we
found in successive interventions is a good indication of the gradual reduction of
trafficking taking place in the region. In addition to these operations, the
Environmental Public Prosecutor is currently prosecuting three known wildlife
traffickers in Yurimaguas. The raids were organized by the Environmental Public
Prosecutors office of Alto Amazonas, and the Tarapoto Ecological Police
(DIREJMA) and NPC. We will continue to visit the city and are happy to be
collaborating with local authorities who are excellent in the fight against wildlife
traffic in Yurimaguas.
In August, we visited Iquitos for the first time. NPC's Noga Shanee was accompanied
by a team of international journalists to document the high levels of wildlife traffic in
the city. The investigation led to the rescue of four animals, as well as the arrest of a
major trafficker who provided wildlife to the notorious Beln Market, currently the
biggest wildlife market in Peru, as well as sending animals further afield to Lima and
outside Peru. During the investigation, the trafficker informed us of an alarming
network of corruption involving regional and national wildlife authorities. According
to him, not only has he been caught several times by the authorities and bribed his
way out of receiving charges, he also paid small bribes to ensure his protection and
cooperation by wildlife authorities, who consequently produced false documentation
for his animals, allowing him to transport them free from intervention. Despite the
significance of this case, the authorities have proven yet again their inefficiency at
tackling wildlife trafficking. More than two months since his arrest, despite being
caught with wildlife and the ample evidence against the man provided by NPC, the
man has not yet been convicted as his case remains "under investigation". We hope
that authorities will do their best to ensure the trafficker receives the sentence he
deserves. You can learn more about this case by watching this short film produced by
the Chinese channel CCTV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etJiiq-75og&feature=player_embedded

San Martin
This year we collaborated with police in an intervention to rescue wildlife in the
district of Sauce. As a result we rescued a woolly monkey, a capuchin monkey, a sloth
and a tortoise, all of which were being used as photo props for tourists. The animals
were handled by children, who charged tourists five soles per photo. Four out of the
seven children we identified were caught by the police. The children were brought to
the police station and their parents were called. The childrens parents were fined
S/.39,500, the lowest fine allowed by law for wildlife crime. The police also warned
the parents that child labour is illegal in Peru and made them aware that they would
receive a much harder punishment if they tried to reprimand their children for being
caught. Instead of punishing the children the police spoke to them about the situation
and warned them not to keep or use wild animals. The situation in Sauce is grave.
Hundreds of animals are kept in the area, and although the wildlife authorities of San
Martin confiscate many of these animals, the quick economic gains mean that the
problem will continue. A few weeks after these interventions we returned to Sauce as
part of our education campaign and talked to the children in schools explaining to
them that they do not have to take part in such illegal activity.

Amazonas
The work of wildlife authorities in Amazonas has vastly improved since the
resignation of one managerial staff member who was repeatedly reported for
corruption and not fulfilling his duties. We are now able to work much more closely
with the authorities and run collaborative projects with them. However, much
improvement is still needed in relation to their efficiency in anti- trafficking control.

Table 2: Live wildlife rescued with the help of NPC

Number of
individuals

Species

Latin name

IUCN
status

Perus
law
CITES

Red howler monkey

Alouatta seniculus

LC

NT

II

Orange winged parrot

Amazona amazonica

LC

II

Mitred parakeet

Aratinga mitrata

LC

II

Scarlet-fronted parakeet

Aratinga wagleri

LC

II

Scarlet macaw

Ara macao

LC

NT

Boa

Boa constrictor

NL

II

Three toed sloth

Bradypus variegatus

LC

II

30

Tuy parakeet

Brotogeris
sanctithomae

LC

II

95

White winged parakeet

Brotogeris versicolurus

LC

II

Roadside hawk

Buteo magnirostris

LC

II

San Martin titi monkey

Callicebus oenanthe

CR

CR

II

Maranon White-fronted
capuchin

Cebus yuracus

NL

II

Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth

Choloepus hoffmanni

LC

III

Agouti

Dasyprocta fuliginosa

LC

NL

common possum

Didelphis marsupialis

LC

NL

Pacarana

Dinomys branickii

VU

VU

NL

32

Yellow footed tortoise

Geochelone denticulata

VU

II

short-tailed parrot

Graydidascalus
brachyurus

LC

II

Common woolly monkey

Lagothrix lagothricha

VU

EN

II

Silvery woolly monkey

Lagothrix poeppigii

VU

VU

II

Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis

LC

Margay

Leopardus wiedii

NT

DD

Guan

Penelope sp.

Saki monkey

Pithecia sp.

LC

II

Isabels saki monkey

Pithecia isabela

LC

II

Giant South American turtle

Podocnemis expansa

LR/CD

EN

II

Yellow-spotted river turtle

Podocnemis unifilis

VU

VU

II

Peruvian bush anole

Polychrus peruvianus

DD

DD

NL

Many-banded aracari

Pteroglossus
pluricinctus

LC

II

Saddle-back tamarin

Saguinus fuscicollis

LC

II

Andean Saddle-back
Tamarin

Saguinus leucogenys

NA

II

10

Squirrel monkey

Saimiri sciureus

LC

II

Black capped capuchin

Sapajus macrocephalus

LC

II

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS CONFERENCES AND AWARDS

Joint meeting of the International Primatological Society and American Society
of Primatologists 2016
At the end of August, NPC Peru president Nestor Allgas travelled to Chicago to take
part in the IPS pre-congress training program and to present the results of our studies
of density and occupancy modelling of the Peruvian night monkey at a special night
monkey symposium organised within the main congress. He was accompanied by
NPCs project director Sam Shanee, who co-organised a symposium on community
conservation of primates together with Community Conservation specialist Dr Robert
Horwich. The symposium was well attended and the different invited presenters
showcased the successes of their projects working with communities for primate
conservation in Latin America, Asia, Madagascar and Africa. Also in attendance was
PhD student Vinciane Fack, who presented preliminary results of her study on
geophagy (soil eating) in yellow tailed woolly monkeys that she is undertaking at our
main La Esperanza field site.
Rufford Foundation meeting
In January, NPCs Sam Shanee participated in the Meeting of the Rufford Foundation
in Lima. The meeting brought together Rufford Foundation grant recipients from all
over Latin America for the chance to present their work and share experiences in
conservation with a broad audience working in many fields. At the meeting, we
presented an overview of the major results of our work in Peru, highlighting our
successes in the conservation of the countries endemic primate species. Also, we were
honored to be able to present the work of Colombian organization Fundacion
Entropika (www.entropika.org) and our good friend Dr Angela Maldonado, who
unfortunately could not attend, and their important work to combat the illegal trade in
night monkeys on the triple border between Peru, Colombia and Brazil.
NPC received the Born Free Foundations Virginia McKenna award
This year we were awarded the Virginia McKenna award for compassionate
conservation by the Born Free Foundation in recognition of our efforts towards
conservation through combining research, animal rescue, land protection and social
development in Peru. We believe that animal welfare and conservation need to be
treated together and are not mutually exclusive. By working for the rescue and long
term care of trafficked species we aim to minimize the effects of the illegal trade on
endangered species, and by conserving forests we hope to provide a safe haven for
animals, where their capture and related suffering is prevented. We are very happy to
be recognised for our efforts to use an ethical, inclusive, compassionate and
passionate approach in all aspects of our work. See Born Free Foundation website
about this award:
http://www.bornfree.org.uk/campaigns/primates/primate-news/article/?no_cache=
1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2182

CAMPAIGNS
Reke the Andean bear
Rescued from a circus almost a decade ago, Reke is an Andean bear living at the
Biodiversidad rescue centre near Tarapoto in Peru. Reke had a one hectare enclosure
made for him when he was rescued, but it had fallen apart, and he has spent most of
his life behind rusty iron bars in a small temporary cage. Through a short and very
successful social media appeal, we managed to collect enough money to repair his
large outdoor enclosure. With the excellent cooperation of the San Martin wildlife
authorities and the National University of San Martn, we managed to complete all
construction works of the enclosure in time and released Reke to his new home on the
last day of the year, allowing him to begin 2017 in his beautiful new forest enclosure.
After so many years of being locked in a tiny cage, Reke was at first very afraid of the
outside and was only leaving his cage for very short periods. However, he really
enjoyed the time outside, smelling and tasting all the leaves, and even started
climbing and playing a bit. We are sure he will grow in confidence and be happy in
his new home, and we wish him a lot of luck.

Supporting Chaparri Private Conservation Area

The Chaparri Private Conservation Area (the first to be recognised in Peru) is
struggling against an invasion of land traffickers, with several areas invaded.
Traffickers have subverted and taken over legal control of the Communal Directive
using fake documents and the help of corrupt officials. Our efforts have focused on
trying to help the reserve and founding villagers, left powerless in their attempts to
protect Chaparri. Despite repeated reports, the Peruvian government has failed to take
legal action against invaders. In a joint agreement signed by numerous organisations
we demand that the Peruvian government rigorously enforce the law to stop invasion
of protected areas; investigate and prosecute illegal land traffickers as well as corrupt
officials; and support and protect local conservationists and their valuable initiatives.
If Chaparri loses its official recognition as a Private Conservation Area it would set a
terrible precedent for all private and communal conservation efforts in Peru.

HEALTH ASSESSMENT FOR RESCUED PRIMATES

Together with the Peruvian vet Patricia Mendoza, a wildlife specialist, we visited four
rescue centres in San Martin region in order to evaluate management and give advice
on issues of animal health and enrichment. These visits were requested by the
Regional Environmental Authority of San Martin, as part of their efforts to improve
wildlife control and management. This is part of a larger project we are setting up to
create a national pre-release protocol for the re-introduction of primates. Wildlife
authorities require animals to be in good health and to have been tested for epidemical
diseases prior to release. There are no specific guidelines about quarantine, however,
nor approved protocols for the health assessments and disease treatments that must be
completed to ensure a safe release process. Unfortunately, a number of types of tests
are unavailable in Peru and many monkeys therefore remain in rescue centres because
their condition cannot be evaluated. Of even higher concern are cases where rescued
primates are released without prior medical examination, quarantine or any
habituation period. These processes enhance the ability of released primates to survive
in the wild, as well as reducing the risk of disease transmission to wild populations.
We hope to be able to ensure that primates can be returned to the wild in the safest
possible way.
Analysis of samples is carried out to the extent possible at Morales Lab in Tarapoto,
however, as mentioned many of the required tests are not available in Peru, and so
have not yet been carried out. We therefore communicated with multiple institutions
(including Primates Peru in Peru/US, the University of San Marcos in Lima, the
University of San Martin in Tarapoto, Morales Lab in Tarapoto, Tufts University in
the US and the U.S. Naval Medical Research in Lima) to make sure that these tests
can be made available here for rescued primates to avoid release of sick animals to the
wild.
For example, the Herpes virus is one of the diseases of major concern to the health of
rescued primates and wild populations, so we consider that the detection of this
disease is a priority for the sanitary evaluation of animals in rehabilitation. Adequate
diagnostic tests are not available in Peru, however, to detect the disease. We are
therefore collaborating with, Patricia Mendoza and Marieke Rosenbaun of the
University of Tufts, Masschussets, USA, who are working on the implementation of
tests for the diagnosis of herpesvirus in neotropical primates at the Danie A. Carrin
Institute of Tropical Medicine, through the project "Validation of herpesviral and Zika
virus PCR assays for use in Peruvian Neotropical primates in close contact with
humans". It is estimated that the tests will be ready for use in March, after which we
will initiate sanitary evaluations and collection of samples in monkeys in rescue
centers under this authorization.

NPC COLOMBIA
At the end of the year NPC founders Noga and Sam Shanee visited Colombia and
together with biologists and primatologists Alma Hernandez, Catalina Ocampo,
Catalina Orrego and Juan Millan, we founded Asociacion Neotropical Primate
Conservation Colombia. Whilst there, we visited several projects and protected areas,
and we are now developing exciting plans to begin working in this incredible country
in 2018.

BUDGET OVERVIEW
During 2016 the total expenditure of NPC UK and NPC Peru in projects in Peru was
approximately 59,278. These costs were divided between or different project focuses
and cost types (See tables 3 and 4, and figures 4 and 5, below).

Table 3) Breakdown of project costs by type

Accommodation
3,388
Communications
1,063
Land Purchase
29,126
Equipment
2,471
Food
4,282
Accounting
584
Transport
4,465
Wages
12,159
Bank Charges
1,165
Medicine
332
Community Assistance
242
Figure 4) Breakdown of project costs by type

Table 4) Breakdown of project costs by sub-project

Animal rescue
5,308
Community
1,930
Assistance
Education
5,913
Investigation
6,299
NPC Peru
910
Reforestation
4,469
Reke
1,757
Reserves
32,689

Figure 5) Breakdown of project costs by sub-project

Animal rescue
Community Assistance

Education
Investigation
NPC Peru
Reforestation
Reke
Reserves