Use o[ Vqrticol Droin: in Sott

VerL

icol

mn

D ro

ins

Ctoq

rovernent

erti Fic io llg crcate d droinoSz

poths

of
shorten the [e nqkh
J
drainaa? o oth

TJ

elerate th. dissipotion of

pory wotzr pre ssure

occ

t
incre

ose

the

raLe ot

consolidqtion

llg four \pes of vcrtrcel d rqins

r. Sond droins - s and fillinq into o hole in the soft
2. sand comp ort,olr*l{lrrr, pites cornpq cted sond
Bosrco

/gror"t

column

3. tabric encased sqnd droins _ sand Fillinq

in

q lilter

+ Prerabricoted verticot droins inff' ,;^rhebrc

( ilter joc ke t
s u(
u unanl
urro
undin a
pos tic core
r

Prof. M. Sakr

).r

of

shorten

the

len gth

.. l.

...

:. T.

i
\

).t

..
'r'",1
. 1 '-!,,1 *

t:lt'

of

O?rroL ion

Droin o3,

Vath

\..1',

fitI

'..r 'r. -. . '. s.3'.'.-..'-i

i' .-, ...; r.- '-

-'

Droin

erLi c ol

Prrnciple

soft strato'

Sub soil

dror
o

P'JJ,J*Pil
dra\n ale w bh

nale w rLhout drains

cc ele rat

the

inc rcaoe

lhr-

ithout

drssip otion

rate

ot

drains

of

dra'n1

pore water ?res5ure.

con solidatiOn

ith ve rlicol drain s

timc

t'
\
I

C
\J

E
\,

+,

qJ

(I)

Prof. M. Sakr

---.--with droins

wiLhout drcins

\
l.

osic

Theorg

The three dtmen oi onal co nso lidaf rbn of

drainaSe is give n bg

radi al

# ;l$.F
=

chL*, +r- #)

- exces| pore wale r

de

oth

?ressure

of

radt'us

and

ot,

tir^ri5,
t
.eloVsed alter the loading opplied
cy- car-ftrcient- oF verticol coneotiZation
ch - colffici nt oF hor t zontol con solidat ion
the eqrot'ton hr the rodiol drainale onlg
e

au = chfa"q +l-aul
at
1l*

L?r'

ove

r oll

de clre

e of

Q;
(r uv

qvcr

u)

ale

re lotr-.d
Ut

AV erAOe

relqtei

Prof. M. Sakr

Aa_)
consolid ot'to n

=( r-u,)(r-ur)
de qre e of ve rt i col
to' tirne lactor T v
delree

to

U is

gtven

censol id Qt tbn

of radial consolidatioo,

tirn e Factor Tr

-1

bel we en uv ond the

re?rese nte d
qqPhicallg

relalion sh fp

Ih"

con

Tr/

be

time factor

t'
I
I

OJ

At
'0,{
I

AQ

',

ot

',,t.0

0.0r 0.02

0.0,t

0.06 0.1

a.2
Time

fime fochor T, is
T,

g)ven

0.1

0.6

factor

Tu

bg

= Cv .t
o

H-

drainaqe
pcrth
J
Tirne

{oc

tor Tr is

Tl;

re

t^.
t-h
v2
te

rad\us

oiven
J

bg

of

inf lur

l.L

nce

of the droir)

i,nih'al Variabrbn of
pJcs^uft

tb

excess

F<

u$c curvr- !,
if \l 's +iana ulat u9;c ctttVc Z u 3
'*1
' i*'

"^l
Prof. M. Sakr

unr1urn _

c.uu<# )L*,,z*

'

Dror'n5 ccn

be

tnst

allad in

')

Tfungulor

S1uare po tL e rn

Pott ern

oa'

17I

I
I

Ir]

I
.].

de = l.

l3d

de

re = O.565 d

re
d

radiu5 of

droin

in f [q e

spo cing

I[ drq'n drorneler is
n=fe

= l,ODd
= o.525d

nce or rhe

dro in

rw

rw

Prof. M. Sakr

6'

of the two con 5 ecut Iye drain cqn be '

t ermine c) {rom thz bor ron curve

5pocrng
d

ffi

L
S
S

ll1

0.2

(Jr

\L

Ia-Jl

0.4

\
\
\ \
\
\ \
(

n='i

0.6

0.01 0.02

0.04

0.06 0.t

ffi \

N \\ \
NN \
ffi N\ iK
N
ilt

0.2

0.4

0.6 I
Time

Ihe

nt
rw =

equivo le
L

bg:

JS \

0.8

1.0

lll

roc)ruE of

2 i 4 o

10

factor T,

o bond drain ti,5 gtve n

g:b.
+

,b

Prof. M. Sakr

thrc kness

wtd

th of the

dro'n

Con slrucLion

Practice (fi

rn

Embonkmerfi-s sbobi \sed

5m,

eld)

wrth verticol

lOm

Im

(m)

2-

Sand

l:yer

Mo logsi o

very soft
silty clay

700:
SCP

( rndraratvrq

10

e*

soft silty clay

soo

clag

Mua r

":\-

_w9a$c1ed clay

8-

drqr'ns

61.,

1fi8)

scP
m.iti'im ain*],, tu
densc clayey
silty sand

ion Piles at2.2m

Muor c(o!
Mo

logsio

silty clay

rneaiurir ar,:nie

lo dense silty
sand

55 band drains al

i.3

m spacing

Stage.s

!,2

^t

of loatling
m

lm

Int e rno t ionol Arrport

2-'
6l0t4-

Very.soft clay

Soft to medium elay

Stiff clay

20--

Second tsongkok

Prof. M. Sakr

Prefabricated Vertical
(Square pattern)

Drlins -,

Thoilo nd

(T*drora{nq.

"* il., l1lq)

Stiff clay
7

lns t oll ot

ion

d isPl Qc eme

'

eoir

Me

thode
>r.

nt

norl

d rs pl qc<.me

;tr;:, remover) soir I is

{rorn the hole

pushed ,aside or drsploced

the

5lqn r li con t

rdlnovcd ftorn

hole
I

soil drsturbarxe I e urI

orotlnd hhr drain

t

nt

dsturbence
q round th< dra'n
sorl

use

of

( pop

rrlen d rel

ular

method)

STATIC
GUIDE
CASING

PV DRAIN

(N

INSTALLATION

Prof. M. Sakr

RIG

(B) DRAIN

DELIVERY ARRANGEMENT

Tcst

ernbonkment

sh ounr

ino

rnjbrurnen+otion

ke u

+lOrn

H7rH5 H3 HI

Om
,P2

o) sl, s2, sJ, s4,ss

-lOm

b) Hl, Hst
c)

H5, H7, H9

SDl, S02, SD5, SD4

d) I I, 12,13

-20m

e) Plr

P2r P3rp4rp5rp6

S.ttl6m.nt gouga!

.P3

Haovr morlcrs

,P4

Ertenlomalsrg

sDt

.P6

sDe

sD3

I3

t2

Inclinoilcte13

Pncumollc pirromehra

F
lOm

lr-rrrr+j

Settt emenl

cu r veS

0
20
c)

a
I

a)rr

N\ -

t_REmbanknrentT3
4q
- ;\.. 4tltt Nodrains (Urstabilised)

o)

60

V)

\
'''.

80

't.

Fieldncasurenrnts

Finite elemen! apalyris:

Perfect draiir (no smear)

With snrcar
Snrar and well resistance

r00

50

100

150

250

Time (days)

20
(J

40

q)

60

o)

" {

(r)

Fr

80

100
Prof. M. Sakr

Fleld me&\urements
nite el_ement analys is:
Perfect draiir (no smear)
With smear
Smear and well resistance
No drains

100

150

Time (days)

lo
120

,oo
(U

YCL
1)
(U

[
I

*f

/--

*l-

Stage

(a)

_)

ooL

stase

p1u

,:I
100

.
400

(days)

- Field measurements
-Finite
f, rnrte element analvsts:
analysis:

\
\ -\:

Perfect drain (no smear)

With smear

Smear and well resistan<

- il,\

F60
E
o
;80
C

fo

S,1....

300

200

Ir"

40

Constvc,rc'lrrcrt

20

[+ i

(b)

\\

r\ r

\\..\
t\".
\ \'--.\\-"- \

roo

a-

--- "---l-i"'::r.-

------=-.---- r

Eno
a
140
160

200

500

300
Time (days)

100

\
10

^20
E

s,
E30
o

- - rl\

r\,\

(c)

\\'. \
\ \"'..___ *.._
\'..!

tr

640

7o

(oso

100

200

300

500

Time (davs)

Prof. M. Sakr

10

Cons

ider the case oF an 8m thick lo'er of

sqnd

i19
6 m thi c k
duposit of nor *'ott,1
restinl on an imperhe able
con5ol icl alzd
_clog ,
?or te ch ni cal ,e'asons the qround w at e r
shole .
table origrnotlq rrn below the qround sur{oc e ,
B to be ldwere.d ?Errnanentlg 'bg
over a
wide areo , causing en ncreese in etFzctive
verticol slre sses.
To acce le rote +he drainage , iL is proposed to
nsboll series oF ra dial sond d ra ins in
suf{tctent nurnbers sothot th< tim< fie e d ed
{or 90 I of ov rall consolid of wn to occur is
ove rf g

cut to j u, t Lrvo
leqrs . Sond dra ins w tLL)
200 mrn drurne ter Qre tns.rted throuqhout

clog lage r

in a i,onlil*

the

arra'nrzl;'r"rl'

th< s?acing between two consecutiv<

drqins nee ded to ach ieve the sLoled -

cqlculote

the

"bj;iir.
coetfic ienLa of horizontol and vertical
conso lid otion of *'t" .log
are respec t rely
^
ch = 3 *'/,1uo,
' cv ' 2'2 ^7g"o,
r

Prof. M. Sakr

11

IL

9ouu ltortr '

liru,e f ort*

vor.lrc/ c:lva;nogo u^q-

$^

C, = a, I
Yl'
Degvoo
o

o[

Co

nso

lida

= zz x2
6'

fio,n due. ia

Qoquuad

'@uar

c/l

dv a^n a0 e

dYl

dagroo o|

lo h ov e
ta{tuvod ra diacl

9^

Co",sd)i d

aho^

{a

L 1aa,s;

t4

Cn ordav

"f

o'+2

= go"/.
(r u) : Ct u,)C'
=>

vor#

^q $o' 2 cloavs panod ;

Us i,ro b&rvo"i s cha' ,ls
la L,t, Vs f

U, :

oo

= o.tz1

u")

cvara/Y1 co,,rso I id a h

dagnoa

dt

co

r.,So

o^ c/t

o'/"

lidali o,^ L}t

Qa,S =)

(r o.g) = (r o-40)( t- L\)

Ur z o gZ
ctrdi', con{iguraho^ has 1" b e
dasi gn ed so Ucf the Bqs.le- *aaches

o'" A

Sand

&

nair,,9

due lb

Prof. M. Sakr

o,83 ,, daSree oj
vadia

I d ra,;h age.

@ouosolic\aJr"oa,
12

v
r3

Assu*g n, : ^{e =

20

0c.)

Usir,"ro

Davro

Co,,sdli da ho

nj

^rad I al

fot

ehou,ls

( ?)u vs .i" )

nl

?.o

D,=

'o )

t
v;
-n

C.,

fe

=)

[.n t

ll-

Ln*J

cal cc^[ ated

Fo, Shis

l"

y\O[,t

^,te t

II c^L)''
I
---

'

zll

A-l AO

tr

'l,J=V
-fo

[g x/
o.t L

t,

f'2
J

= lT'b
Fa

Vr= O'&3I N e.c-

frr'

tg

nL a t$

?atce

.',

tit

/\t

l,

J
Al

l1

e6 n

\)

CJLkA-

?_ 0a

x 2 l/2
[a
It

:
o.l

L t'8 l

ft l8
fiL = frt
Prof. M. Sakr

13

ns = 9 :

lqt
18

$.

de = 18 r s'l
= l'8
O,^ain

g*la,

h4.

pa-[e,n
A
(>

loe.
b/;-=

A = o.szs S

R='ta = lB =
.o.

Prof. M. Sakr

Spaa,.g

O.52S

, S : 8.4

A4

14