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CVL312 Lecture 1
CVL312 Lecture 1
Textbooks
Kassimali, A. (2012), Matrix Analysis of Structures, 2nd ed., SI Version, CENGAGE
Learning (required).
Reference Text
o Hibbeler, R. C., Structural Analysis, Prentice Hall, 8th ed. (2012) down
to 4th ed. (1999).
o Kassimali, A. Structural Analysis, 5th ed.SI (2015) down to 2nd ed. (1998),
CENGAGE Learning.
o Logan, D. L., A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th ed., SI Version
(2016), CENGAGE Learning.
o McGuire, W., Gallagher, R. H., and Ziemian, R. D. (2000), Matrix Structural
Analysis, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Credit
Most images used throughout the course are from these textbooks
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Learning objectives
The primary objective is to develop an understanding of structural
behavior and modern structural analysis methods using computers.
At the end of this course, the successful students will be able to:
1. Develop an understanding of structural modeling, analysis and
result interpretation
2. Analyze simple trusses, beams and frames using matrix approaches
including the flexibility and stiffness methods, and
3. Analyze trusses, beams and frames using computer structural
analysis programs including SAP2000.
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Course Evaluation
Midterm exam 30%
Assignments (5 in total) 20%
Final exam 50%
Examinations
Midterm exam, 2 hours, open book and notes, covers
entire materials up to exam date.
Final exam, during the exam period, 3 hours, open book
and notes, covers entire course materials.
Lab/Tutorials
Tutorials will start on January 16, 2017. They will take place in
three sections in EPH230 Section 1: Mondays from 10 to 12
noon, Section 3: Tuesdays from 8 to 10 am, and Section 2: Fridays
from 8 to 10 am.
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Course Content
Week
Date
Jan. 10
Jan. 17
Jan. 24
Jan. 31
5
6
7
8
Feb. 7
Feb. 14
Feb. 21
Feb. 28
Topic
Hours
Review: Purpose of structural analysis, statics, straining
3
action diagrams and principle of superposition.
Principle of virtual work, Introduction to force (flexibility)
3
method (application to beams and frames).
Force method (contd); (application to trusses); Three3
Moment Equation for continuous beams.
Force method (contd); (Method of Least Work);
3
Introduction to matrix stiffness (displacement) method.
Matrix stiffness method (contd); (application to trusses).
3
Matrix stiffness method (contd); (application to beams).
3
Break
Midterm Exam.
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Classroom Rules
Arrive on time
Turnoff your cell phone and other electronics.
Due to privacy requirements, picture taking or voice recording is not
permitted at lectures and tutorials.
Web surfing, texting, reading newspapers ...etc are not permitted during
lectures.
Always use your Ryerson email in all communications
All handouts, lecture notes ...etc will be posted on the D2L Brightspace
Please read carefully the course outline.
Equations of Equilibrium
Space structures 3-D:
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Equations of Equilibrium
Plane structures 2-D:
Free-body diagrams
The analysis of a statically determinate structure requires first
drawing the free-body diagrams of all the members, and then
applying the equations of equilibrium to each member.
FBD is a diagram of the structure under consideration detached from
its supports and disconnected from all other bodies to which it may
be connected. It shows all known forces and unknown reactions being
exerted on the structure.
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Reaction forces:
Forces exerted by supports on the structure.
Internal Forces
In general, the internal loadings acting at the section will consist of:
Normal force N
Shear force V
Bending moment M
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One unknown
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Determinacy
When all the forces in a structure can be determined strictly from equilibrium
equations, the structure is referred to as statically determinate.
Structures having more unknown forces than available equilibrium equations
are called statically indeterminate.
If there is a total of n parts and r force and moment reaction components, we
have
The additional equations needed to solve for the unknown reactions are
obtained by compatibility equations.
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Stability
For a coplanar structure having n members or components with r
unknown reactions.
Three equilibrium equations are available for each member or
component, we have
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Concurrent reactions
Parallel reactions
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Example:
Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically
indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of
indeterminacy.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Solution:
(a) r = 3n
3 = 3(1)
Statically determinate
(b) r > 3n
6 > 3(1)
Statically indeterminate to
third degree
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Solution:
(c) r > 3n
7 > 3(2)
Statically indeterminate to
first degree
(d) r = 3n
6 = 3(2)
Statically determinate
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Example:
Classify each of the frames as statically determinate or indeterminate.
If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy. All internal joints
are fixed connected.
(a)
(b)
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Solution:
(a)
r > 3n
20 > 3(4)
Statically indeterminate to eighth degree
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Solution:
(b)
r > 3n
15 > 3(3)
Statically indeterminate to sixth degree
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where:
m: no. of members; r: no. of reactions; (m+r): total no. of unknowns;
J: no. of joints; and 2j: no. of joint equilibrium equations.
(m+r) 2j = degree of static indeterminacy
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Examples:
(a) Unstable
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Beams and Frames: Normal force, Shear force, and Bending moment
Beam Sign Convention
Positive normal force tends to elongate the segment, Fig. (b);
Positive shear tends to rotate the segment clockwise, Fig. (c); and
Positive bending moment tends to bend the segment concave
upward, Fig. (d).
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Critical Sections
Beginning/end of member
Support
Point of application of concentrated load
Point of application of concentrated moment
Beginning and end of distributed load
Change in distributed load intensity or slope
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Change in the shear between any two points on a beam equals the area under the
distributed loading diagram between the points.
Change in the moment between the two points equals the area under the shear
diagram between the points.
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Example
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown below.
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Solution
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Solution
Support Reactions
The reactions have been calculated and are shown on the free-body diagram of the beam, Fig. (b).
Shear Diagram
x = 0, V = +30 kN and x = 9 m, V = -60 kN
Moment Diagram
The maximum value of moment is at x = 5.20 m
From the free-body diagram in Fig. (e) we have
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Example
Determine the shear and moment in the function of x, where 2 < < 4 .
Draw the shear and moment diagrams.
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Solution
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Solution
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Principle of Superposition
For linear elastic structures, the effects
of several loads acting simultaneously is
equal to the algebraic sum of the effects
of each load acting individually.
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Example
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Lecture Recap
Course outline and classroom rules
Equations of Equilibrium
External and internal forces
Free-body diagram
Determinacy and Stability
Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability of Plane Trusses
Beams and Frames: Normal, Shear, and Bending moment
Principle of Superposition
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