كتاب-2 - التمديدات الكهربائية - د. جيلانى PDF

1

.
" !

'
mahmoudgilany@yahoo.com
*)"
!
2010
!./ ,*)!( '&
, -) + ). . (
"! 9 7 65 3 PDF-File 1< 3!;
www.sayedsaad.com
; 9
;) =
>.! 6? 6 9@? 7 6
9 ? =
<? 6 9
? 3< F* I
:@ - L L - 3KOP

.N
! - U3! @O - 3

= 6 9.

9.
4 ;, 9 ) :" ' 42 , " 5 6" 4332
B2 B@ 6 >= 9! Y3
!Y5Y X3 3!3
2 ED 9! 2 D ) 2 3 G23Y 9Y! 9Y 9Y3
@@ 2 4 K2 3 I3J 3!3 3, " 93. Y3
!Y5Y X.
* 9
! 9L 4"N 6 M E6) )5 ".
P ER O , " " 43Q3 E3 .Y3 ) ?Y 3!3( .Y
! ) " (,. 93 9/= ) ! E3S 3 3"O 3!3( 3T35
"Q Q33=33U Q33 .* 9YY!YY )33U 33*M6( G233 9YY3 . 9YY3 9YY L ;YY33
=U '.
!! U IO 9 4 X T"' , WR 92 O 6 -J2 =
2 Y5 9 * 9*) 7 2 3 93) 3, 93" '36 43=3U
G2. *! ' ! ES "O! _ . 99 93)Y
U 9/* ) !( .
=\ R B[ Z * Y!3 &Y 3 36 3 E3U 3, 33S
" 6) 6 " 4 4 E6 \ N . .
335 335 33U 933\ X33N 9YY 9 YY .33 I -33M33U 336 www.sayedsaad.com
-N2 9"M ," S Q 4Q S 9U R X3" , :
2 :
";& = ".
, -) + ). . (
)
9. 3......................................................................................................
) 4..........................................................................................................
16 ........................................................................................................... 9
\ X+
U
1-1N K K
20 ........................................................ d
1-1-120 ................................................................................................................ G
2-1-1Ud 20 ..........................................................................................................
3-1-1! ) U \2 ( 20 .......................................................................................
4-1-1U 6\21 ...............................................................................................2
2-1 6
g 7 )22 ................................................................
1-2-1 - ;S" 22 .............................................................................................
2-2-1 - ;S 23 ....................................................................................
3-2-1 - ;S =U 23 ...................................................................................
3-1,

23 ............................................................
1-3-1*) " 24 ..............................................................................................
2-3-1*) 24 ............................................................................................
3-3-1*) 25 ...............................................................................................
4-1!, K U

26 ................................................................. d
5-1!) 3
27 .........................................................................
6-197 K27 ....................................................................................
7-1!, N K ) 28 ..................................................................... 5
\ X+[
" ,)
3!L :@ !. 33 ............................................................. 7
1-2 9L!> 33 ...............................................................................
1-1-2 33 ................................................................................................... U.M.R

2-1-2 O k\) +6( 36 ...............................................................
2-2*! 37 ..................................................................................................
1-2-2 39 .....................................................................................................
3-2!9 !, 39 ......................................................................................

1-3-2
ATS 41 ............................................................................................
2-3-22s * 41 ............................................................................. UPS
/! 4-2 !

43 .............................................................................
1-4-2 u 43 ..................................................................................... B
Code-IP 2-4-2 44 .................................................................................... -
3-4-2 E+ 45 .......................................................................................... -
4-4-2D 6 6 45 ......................................................................
3!L< :
_ !_
N 99 47 ..........................
N 5-2 9 9!_
_ 47 .................................................................
1-5-2 47 ..................................................................................................
2-5-2 48 ......................................................................................................
3-5-2 4, 49 .......................................................................................... :
4-5-2D 6 6 49 ...........................................................................
6-2 X
? 50 ..........................................................................................
7-2 &
_ 51 ......................................................................................
1-7-2 u+ IS51 .................................................................................. XsU
2-7-2 u+ IS 51 ................................................................................. X
3-7-2
u+ IS " 52 ..................................................................................
6 4-7-2 5 u+ 52 .............................................................................
!3 8-2
_ 53 ........................................................................................
M 1-8-2 Q6 53 ..............................................................................................
2-8-2 u+" 54 ...................................................................................................
9 9-2
_ 54 .......................................................................................
1-9-2 "S) 56 ............................................ ( Current Carrying Capacity) X
2-9-2 E56 ................................................................................................... X
10-2!) > 57 ................................................................ Neutral
, -) + ). . (
11-2K?
_ 57 .....................................................................................
1-11-2\! ,! ! 57 .................................................................. Power Losses
2-11-2 58 ............................................................................................... S
3-11-2! s 59 .............................................................................................. X
4-11-2! s X 59 ...................................................................................
5-11-2@ Z 59 ......................................................................................... J
12-2 9 60 ......................................................................... Bus Duct

1-12-2 61 .......................................................................................... Bus Duct
! 2-12-2 61 ........................................................................................ Bus Duct
3!L<< :@ *
64 ...........................................................
13-2!) 64 ........................................................ Circuit Breakers
14-2!
64 ................................................................................. CBs
1-14-2 65 ......................................................................................... MCB :

2-14-2 [67 .................................................................................... MCCB :
3-14-2 [69 .......................................................................................... GFCB :
15-2) ! )( 71 ...................................................................... Fuse

1-15-2+ 71 ....................................................................................... RJ
2-15-2
+ " !* -" 72 ............................................................. C.R.H
3!L
:/
9 *73 ............................................... U
16-2) } _ ) 73 .......................................................... ( Contactors
1-16-2 E\ 73 ............................................................................... Contactor
2-16-2\W \ 74 .......................................................................... Contractors
\ X+[
!
1-3 ?/9. / 77 .................................................................................
2-39. 9/ d P 78 ....................................................................
3-39. 9 / )78 ........................................ ( Sockets
1- 3-3 " 79 ...........................................................................................

7/ 4-3 & 79 ......................................................................................
1-4-3! 80 .............................................................................................. u

2-4-3D 6! ) 81 ..............................................................................
3-4-3[ 6 6! 82 ................................................................................
5-3_ ) /84 ............................................................................

\ 1-5-3 X6*84 ...................................................................... Demand Factor I
9 : 5-3_ ) 9 ) 85 ................................................

\ 2-5-3 X6)6
85 ................................................................ ity FactorDivers
6-3 93
88 .....................................................................................
1-6-3! )! B 90 ..................................................................................."+
2-6-3D 92 ....................................................................................................
3-6-3! \" + 92 ................................................................................. 6+
N 7-3 95 ......................................................................

)J 1-7-3 ; 95 ....................................................................................................
8-3* 6 7? 9. ) ) / ( 95 ........................................................

1-8-3S " [\ * 97 ..................................................................................
2-8-3 4S S 98 ............................................................................
3-8-3 4S " X! 99 .............................................................................
4-8-3 4 -N[\ 100 ...........................................................................................
5-8-3@ Z 100 ......................................................................................... Harmonics
9-3! & 102 ...................................................................................

6 1-9-3 , 102 ......................................................................................
2-9-3 D) 102 ........................................................................................
J 3-9-3! X6103 ............................................................................................. u
4-9-3 D u!2 B ) 103 ............................................................... ( Package
5-9-3 uQ )104 ................................................... ( Central Air Conditioning
, 6-9-3 X6 u105 ....................................................................................... B
7-9-3 Q , u ;!Us+ 106 ...........................................................................
8-9-3 106 ............................................................................................. :
, -) + ). . (
\ X+-
S B\6
@L : U9 d )110 ...................................................... 3
1-4 3 U9 )110 ........................................................... 3
1-1-4D 4 ,N + 110 .......................................................................
1-1-4 - 6111 ..................................................................................... E
2-4 U )114 ..........................................................( LoadsStatic

3-4 U * )116 ............................................. (Dynamic Loads
1-3-4 M ) 4 117 ............................................................... Name Plate
2-3-4 118 ............................................................................................
*5 3-3-4 E+ s+ 118 ......................................................................
*5 4-3-4 E+ ) 119 ..........................................................................
5-3-4S= 120 ...................................................................................................
7/ 4-4 *? 3!L/ 121 .........................................

@L < : 9 6* 124 .................................................. U
5-4F : *? *124 ........................................................
" 1-5-4 + X 124 ............................................................................
@ Z 124 ......................................................................................................
@ ;6 Z125 ......................................................................................................... : 4,
@ Z 125 .......................................................................................... : 6
@ ZO , X 125 ........................................................................ :
@ ZO ' 125 .................................................................................. :
6-4F < : 7! 128 ...................................................... 9L

7-4F < :*? ; ; !; 131 ...............................................
1-7-4 !131 ................................................................................ +
2-7-4 R 132 ...........................................................................
3-7-4 S !) 133 ....................................................................................

7/ 8 -4 134 ..................................................................................... .
J 1-8-4! 139 .................................................................................... MVA Method
9 -4< ? 141 ..........................................................................................

\ X+
E+ )R -"
@L : U!/ )148 .............................................................. 3
!; 1-53 93 U!/ )148 ....................................................... 3
7/ 2-5 *? !149 .................................................................. /
1-2-5 X !)J + 149 ............................................................................. NEC
2-2-5 X !)J + 150 ................................................ Total Connected Load
3-59. /! ?/! 3 /F 150 ..........................................

4-5 /! U! 3 / 151 ..............................................
5-5K? 93 ? !/ ! 156 .........................................................
@L < : U!/ ! 160 .............................................................
6-55 !/ ! 160 ...........................................................................
1-6-5S " 161 ..............................................................................
7-5 3 U ) !>(161 ..........................................................

1-7-5 E+ " " 164 ...........................................................................
2- 7-5D 6 E+ " " 167 ........................................................
8-5! U 168 ...................................................... 7

9-5!/ ! 169 ...................................................................
1-9-5 U 174 ......................................................................................... u+
2-9-5 XQ= B " 174 ............................................................................
3-9-5 XU B -"176 .....................................................................
10-5<
> K
K
177 ...............................................
U 1-10-5 4 177 ............................................................... MVA1
2-10-52s * 178 .......................................................................................
U 3-10-5 178 ................................................................................. 4 4
U 4-10-5 4" = 180 .........................................................................
11-5
> L
K 180 ........................................................
12-55 181 .......................................................................... 6 7
1-12-52s ! 182 ..................................................................................... -+
, -) + ). . (
10
2-12-5 2s 182 ............................................................................ -+
\ X+S
ED@
1-6 & *9 9
187 ....................................................................
2-6
U7 3 dP7188 .......................................................
1-2-6@S Z , B188 ....................................................................... ESO
2-2-6@R Z ,188 ............................................................................... ESO
3-2-6@ Z 4 ,189 ............................................................................ ESO
3-6 189 ......................................................................................

4-6)
6 Neutral
6 190 .............................................. Ground
5-6! 191 .............................................................................
1-5-6 192 ............................................................................................................
2-5-6 @193 ................................................................................................
3-5-6 @194 .............................................................................................
4-5-65 !* - X@195 ................................................................................
5-5-6+ d X@195 ..........................................................................
7/ 6-6 ; . 196 ...................................................................

1-6-6S ! u+ 196 .......................................................................
2 -6-6 S !) 197 ..............................................................................................
7-6 199 ...................................................................... 7

8 - 6* 6! g3; 201 ................................................................
1- 8-6 - D+;6 203 ........................................................................
2 - 8-6 )!S +203 ................................................................................... ;6
3-8-6)!S 204 ............................................................................................... !,
4-8-6S 6 O Q 205 .........................................................................
9-6! 205 .......................................................................................... 9L

1-9-6 206 ........................................................................................................
2-9-6* 207 ......................................................................................................
3-9-6R -209 .............................................................................................. O
4-9-6 - 6 O )R@209 ....................................................................
11

210 .............................................................. 5 9 U 10-6

210 ................................................................... Solidly Earthing R) @1-10-6
210 .................................................. Resistance Grounding !5 @2-10-6
211 .................................................. Reactance Grounding M "5 @3-10-6
211 ....................................................................... Isolated System Q" ED 4-10-6
211 ........................................................... 7 93 U 11-6

212 ........................................................................................ S-TN : D 1-11-6
213 ........................................................................................ C-TN : [ D 2-11-6
213 ..................................................................................... S-C-TN :[ D 3-11-6
215 ............................................................................................. IT : - D 4-11-6
215 ..........................................................................................TT : D 5-11-6
216 ................................................ (Corrosion) d * ? 12-6

217 .................................................................... d . ; ; 13-6
218 .............................................
9
P 14-6
-S X+\
Nd ED
222 ................................................................................. P U3 1-7
222 ........................................................................................ * 2-7
223 ............................................................ P U3 9 F , 3-7
223 ................................................................................... , P 4-7
225 ............................................................................................... 6+ Nd 1-4-7
225 .......................................................................................... 6 X 5-7

225 .............................................................. P 9/ 6-7
226 .........................................................................Luminous Flux BT \ 1-6-7
226 ................................................................... (inous IntensityLum) Nd R 2-6-7
226 .......................................................................... (Illumination) T= R 3-6-7
226 .......................................................................... Polar Curves )*! 4-6-7
227 ................................................................................... Brightness) ) + 5-6-7
228 ........................................................................................ Glare () )Q 6-6-7
, -) + ). . (
12
7-7 ! ! !9/ P 228 ...............................................................

1-7-7 )! (X 228 .......................................................................................
D 2-7-7229 ......................................................................................................
3-7-7 229 .............................................................................................
4-7-7\ 230 ................................................................................................. BT

7/ 8-7 9 F )230 ................................................. (Illumination
M 1-8-7 -"230 ........................................................................................... S
2-8-7*)! M 6 -"232 ......................................................................... S

7/ 9-7 P 9
, . !233 ..................................................... 6
J 1-9-7! 4" 234 ..........................................................................................
9 : 5-7? *L )241 .................................................................... (Ri

10-73 244 .................................................................
11-7
} P 246 ..................................................................................
1-11-7 +246 ........................................................... Incandescent lamps O
+ 2-11-7 247 ............................................................................................ 4
+ 3-11-7\ s 248 ......................................................................................
+ 4-11-7\' ) \ ;)BQ249 ...........................................................(ksT
=" 250 .............................................................................................. Flicker
+ 5-11-7 6 ;)BQ250 ........................................................................ ksT
+ 6-11-7+ \ 251 ....................................................................... ksT
+ 7-11-7+ 6252 ........................................................................... ksT
+ 8-11-7 " 253 ...................................................... Metal Halide Lamp
+ 9-11-7Q 253 ...............................................................................................
+ 10-11-7 254 ...............................................................................................
+ 11-11-7 254 .......................................................................................... LED
12-11-7 +, 255 ............................................................................................
! 13-11-7 4 ) \ 256 ........................................................................
12- 7P @ 256 .................................................................................

13-7 , 256 .....................................................................................
1-13-7 46 -N d 257 ....................................................................................
S 2-13-7 Nd ,U 258 .............................................................................
3-13-7\ " M )+258 ...............................................................................
13

14-7 !, 258 ....................................................................................
\ X+[4
6
1-8@ P 264 ...................................................................................
2-8 ! ! 266 ................................................................
1-2-8)5 266 .......................................................................... N
2-2-8)5 ! M 268 ........................................................................ N
3-8 268 ...................................................................................

M 1-3-8 ! Q6 , S) 268 ....................................... B
M 2-3-8 " M B 269 ............................................................... !s
4-8 _ !_ 270 ...........................................................

5-8 271 .................................................................................... ,.
1-5-8)5 !*) - 271 ......................................................................... :
2-5-8 , S !*) 272 ................................................................................
6-8 ?

272 ...................................................
7-8, 3_F 9
F273 ................................................................ d
M 3-7-8 -*M EBs 273 .................................................................................................
4-7-8, +6 273 ............................................................................................
R 5-7-8 =)5 273 .............................................................................................
M 6- 7-8 EB 6 274 ..........................................................................................
7-7-8d d274 ........................................................................................... B
N 8-7-8 6 275 ...................................................................................................
9-7-8= 275 .................................................................................................. B
1-8-8 * 277 .......................................................................................
2-8-8 -" 280 ..............................................................................
3-8-8 -\ O 6\283 ...........................................................
4-8-8 )TM ! -284 ....................................................... Bus Duct QO
;
* g 288 ...............................................................................................
!
!) 288 ..................................................................
, -) + ). . (
14
*292 .................................................................................................... 2- g
9 * ?
_ )!) ! ( 292 ......................................................
* g< 301 ..............................................................................................
/ 9. *_ 301 ...................................................................
-

307 .................................................................................
310 ................................................................................
15

9

)( ..
16
9
+ ) Q 9 E6 B 4 3, XsU23 3O 3 3 E3
M 4 6O k!, 6 + 4 4 E G 3 3 36 3 "3 "3
=O ) , M [ 4 70 4 2 " E 43 S -3M 43 3".3
4 4 2 23 5 93, '"3N3 3 J 43 3)3 "3 3, 3 "X3
,Nd) R , ! 6 6 E E+\36 2
33 33 .33 433233 33 33! X33+ 33 33 )33R E33+33+ 33 -33 33
" -M" 6 -N K2+ 6\2 ,. -M
5
= GR 2 9!) !, 9O ," 4 \ ,23 3O 3T" 43 3
) , [ s 6 \ " XU) , 4 X\ G )
\ S \ 6 "S 3Jd 3, -3M" 3 3 3 3 3 3,
6 s EZ 4N [ M 4" , .
)" 6O X[ - 5 IB \ 6 42 3 3"O 33d -")3
\" XQ I 6 '* =O 4 3 3 3 X33 33 3
=O k!, * X5 K2=O D 4) 3
9 U , -M" .
2[ 6 25 4 )J 4N T 2 ) . 3 3)6"Q Q3. 3+6
2 (I' U - Q3"3 ,3 3N 3, E 3 '3 k3 Q3-3M
" " D ' IO636 43 3M 3 , 3) -3 ) -323 3 3,k3
D " .
" J 4 O , "O " , " X3 'SS 3
! \ 6+ " E3Z IJ 3, 3" 3, 33 " 3@3 3
U U 6\ 2" 4U6 ) , + 23 3 23 X3
Q , 9N6 EO 6" * 3, I 93 3 3,
9" sZ G2 S, ) , ".
65
2 I " , 42 O * SM , "O
" 4 9" E*)! \ .D N !, , 6 9 )43 *3S
33335 " ;33 33 33 33s 933" 933" 3333*! )33 33T 336 433 \433
4++)[ E, 46 4 ! 9 " s 4 "! ,U.
X B K2\W !, 3, X3R3 X3 36" 43 3[ 3" 3 3, 3
S X) ", [ 6 46 E+ " 'M[ 3)3 !3R 43s3 3
6 , k2 .5,
" 4 "3 35 3 3, E36[3 43 3 3[ 43 3 3
4 @, I Q R ,2 6 9B" 4[ 3*)! 43 3[43 3
, [ 4 + 5 4 '6 ) - '
,N " [ 4 ! 23 X"O33 3! I3 3 X36 43 5 4 5.
17

s s" GR = 4 R *+ QOd "' [ 4" 3, 433O
SS " *+ XQOd X = \ " 2 -M IO=36 93
33!, 233 '33 33" *33+ 33 ) 33, k33!, 33 433 33M -33N33 23 '33Q
s *+QOd )R - 3, - I3 \3 3 = \ 36 3 3 K23
*! *! , S" , , : 3U 3R X3 3s"36 3 *3+
) , -2 .
! .
)
)? 2 " 3J X 433J 3U 3,3O 3U 3
" 43 ;S3++ 3\3 -3 3 3 3U "3 3T
* " , E+\ 26 . 43T\ X3+\ X3*)3 E3+ 3
\ 2336 3 33 *)3 " 33 3 .33R 36 X33U \33
*+ E6 , "BU3U6 3+M : X3)M 43 33*5 3 3N 3
U U \ ! ) 4J.
,)? < E" 6\ "3" 3 3 33 3 )3R 3
" 6O:
336O 33 336O 3333 Power Handling Equipments X33U 33 33O k33
* @ Distribution Boards - 6\ ; 3
+65 4 4 UPS . ATS
33 336O[ E33D 336O E33T, 3333 Wiring and Raceways X33U33 33
@ 6\ ; J \ [ X3 X33 ) Cable Trays
( Bus Duct Raceways ) ( Flexible & Rigid Conduits.
33, 336O[[33 33 33D )33U 3333 335 433 33 33 Q33 33 CBs
@ 6\.
3335 E333T, 3336O" 3336O 333333 "333 Control and Utilization E 333
33) X3[ Equipments 3d 3 Q3 u33 3 Contactors\3 @336
\ ( One-way, Two-way, Change-over , Cross-over switches ) 3 ,3Nd 33
36O 3 \ u33 3 X3U\33 Q3 233d 3N ;3d33 Q3 .33
\ X+[ \ 46 X+\ - I - X" , !S6O ".
! EZ ,)? < R \ 46 +! 3 -3O Load Estimation3 3 )3
u ( G23!3 3 3D X3[ 3 63+3J \ 33 "M3 3
X" 4S! G 9 U ) E+ B\ 6 u ,
)?
2 ! ,QO R 9 \ E3+ + 3,3 3 B\3 36
36 3R 43\3 ! X3[ 33 ! 3 National Electric Code (NEC) 3
M G2[ *)! \ 5 [ X\ + "S.
36 3 3 3U 3 33" 43 43 E3+! 43 3 X33)5 3E33+
" ! E , X: X[ !S
J " X .
, -) + ). . (
18
J 3S )3 3, Voltage Drop 3O @36 43 3 3O E3! 93M
\ .
J S ! Short Circuit + @ 4 6 X )U
K2 CBS! E" 4 5 D *6
.'Z
" K2 [ Z\ , +@L < 6)?
.
6 K2 ! M M 6 3 E+"3 3 -3\ 363U 3
, )? . IU -36 36 XU ) 43 3 K233 \ 36E3Z 43
P3, !3 3 3Q3O 433 35) ?Y Y 3 E3+3 -3" 33
)R . -2 \ X+ XU6 6 T [ 36*)! 3)3 E3+3 36 3
EZ k X+ E+ .5, E\ X+ 32s -3+ 3) 3
33 Q3333 [ 336 33 Medium Voltage 33 533 33,\ X3333 s33+
) -+ O\.(
M " \N G)? 7 )3R E3+ 3) 3N 3S3" 3 3,23 \X3+
" 433 33!33 33"!33N 33 @33 X33)M 433 Z@3333 E33S 33633Sd 33 33D
NR )R 2\ 6 NJ! -3 3O3 436 3R 3 3
" 5 *+ 6 *3 3 3 E3\3 X3+ E3D 436@3
\ ) 6 (TN-C-S, TN-S, TT, IT, TN-C GS3+ 36 T 2s 3Q3 X3
D EJ M ! .N
Y3+5) ?Y3S
Y7 3+ 3d 3 93, *)3 3 E36 33Nd
*+ ,2 " E 9, T" 3 43 YB3+53 3d
\ ! S =T * \ T" 43[ 3"3 3U G23X
" ,2 O . E\ X+ 46N U " *) " .,
)? < 6 5 " )" \36 X3 3)5 3 36 3" 33
\.2
@ : 2 " M X !; M 9, : 96 :" : E

4 !* 96 -= Z 4 : M
U3)

. "9 6
!
)) 2010
)?
K3

, -) + ). . (
20
1
)?
K3

D E+6 , ) ") Q 6 4 E+ 3,) 3 3)3
+ " EZ -6 [ X6 ) B3Ud3 35 X3 3 kB ( 3
336 ) 33+33+ 33+33T K33 ( 33336 ) 33 u33 33
6333+ )333R ;333 ( 3333336 333 \ ) u333\333 \Q333 Q333 333D
=6 ( 6 )*U 5 .
" ED K26 * I2s *) " 36, E3Z 43 3 3[ 336 35
-6 5 4 3)3 3 33+ " 3 36 Z>3 3 3!B, 33,
6 5 ).
1-1N K K

d
6 XU " J U :
-1 G) GU(.
-2=U ) IRd (.
-3! ) U ! \ 26( .
-4U 6\ 26 .
1-1-1G
G !* ) , U M , R 3 G3 323 3 3")J)3

", 9 E+ [ G 4 E 9"O O 3 3 E3
. u 96+ " S )J 6 . G 3M6
G )R - !Z " G2 G3 93M",
433 X33M33R 33 =)33 E33= 33 33)* G33 5 33, 33"33 33d 33 33
d J ., E
2-1-1Ud
! =U 6 -N3+ 3U 3 36 **3 \ 23

\ 6 \ .2 , IU - =U U 36\ 23 3T23 X3T,
43 33 933 E33+ E336*) 433 933 3M ")33\ X33T 33 33U 336\ 33 233335
33T 433S " 33" 33 33*5 33M33 33 33, E33+=33U .Q33 E33 33,
=U 36 3M 3, 3 u336 3 = 3M -:3 35 433J
K2\ 4+.
3-1-1! ) U \2 (
\ 26 ** , U 36 =3U \3 3 .3)

,U6 ) R SB\ 2U 3,[ 43 33 !3 K233U
\ 23336 335 433 "33! 3 )33R ) 4J33 (s3 3333 X333 433 K23333U
s33+ Q33 233\ 33+ 43333U )33T 33 633=33O .P33, 336 433>33S E33
! :
21
X+,
-1=Q ! 6 Electric SafetyZ \ 26.
-2 IO - -T6 ) B \2 ! 3O 3)5 Xs3U
S @ \ *! \.
- -3O =3)5 3 E3 33 3!\ 36!3 3O 936 *3
! ) 9 4J" 9@ Q M " [ ! ! I* !)J.
-4 IO ! ! , " Q 3B93" 3
Z \ 26 d ,U 3 -33 2s 3 93,5 3" -3 3
! ! 3 3M> \3+ 433 "3 Q3 3B
s Q , I " 4 4 Q U.
336 -5!33 Q 433 X33 -33 -33M33U > 33M336 > 433 33M33 X33 X33! -33
\3 33 3! I33" 3 E33 X3\33 3,336 3 4336 33O
) , G = 46 ".M
X6 -6 \2 Shop Drawings IO 3M 3, 36 -3 ;3S3++
335 336 .!33 !33 E33 \ 336 33N 233"33 \ 233J! 33[) '33I33
336 233 33S 33 33 X33)M 33B)33 33,\ .233 X33U33
\2 :
S 6J! [).
6 / ! "J X5 4 X.

" [)' ) 4 (Socket .
6*M - " \ !! 6 + 2s \.
3 43+ 636 *M 3,3S ) 3J! 3 I3[) '333
4 ; + 6 4U.K
33 433 \ 336" 33" 33J! 33[) 33335 335 33 /
4.
X\ X ) I [)' Q " 4 4.D
/E N"M 46 \.

" ! E K2 \2 ! U 6\ 2 E3Z6 3"3 3 3S
! 6 ") :
""" ) (Approved 36 I3O!3 3 I3\ 233
o
" E6 I K2").
"" !)JD ") (Approved as Noted 6 IO!3 3
o
I XQ \ 2D U , J=6.
"" / ," !3" ) (Resubmit 3, K23 = 33 !3
o
; , I \.2
-7336 33 33 As-Built 3333 33" 33B33 \ 23333U 3333, 33
-M" > EOs 6 -N" S
, +\2 4 ) O " X EZ 4 I3O 3
33 33 336 33B 3333 33 -3333 33 33U 33633
) . " ,
4-1-1U 6\2
2 U =U \ 9S X)M 4S, G >S 4:9

" ) Q .
" 33) 33 233\ 33Q336 -33 33B336 -33 ;33S336 335
)" BU u3( 3 -3 E336 36X3
95 , 4Q 4 X K26.
@ M 4 ! Q QO I.
@ M 4 ! !; RJ 4 , 6+ G ,S ,"3d
.
, -) + ). . (
22
6 " ! 3 O3 3 3 -3 \3 36 K23"3

-6 4, U XU ! !3 " 43 33 [3
EZ\ 6 25 P, 43 6 I"+ 3Rd =\3 " 3) 3E3O
O [ ", XM IO * 4 I!3 !3 3 Q3 3 3
X)M ) , @ 25 !,U =U 6.
" 3 43 3!* 3\3 "3 ;3S!3 =
S *; .
@ 4 \ X Q .
@ 43 3 3R 3)5 *3 ) ( Type test 3R =3)5 3 '3
6 , X)M -+ ).(Routine test
@ 4 6 - \2 ).(Workshop drawings
33Rd 336=33)5 Testing 336 3333 336 433!33 33, 433
U.
" + 66 " O 6 \2 Z \.2
@ 4 M EB" XsU + E).
@ 4 I EM* EB XsU* ! U .
@ 4 M -*! EBs * T Xs3U3 3O 3 3S5 "3 3
T !)J ,"* !).
@ 46 \ As-Built B*! E\.K2
33U 33 33 = 33 33 433=33U FIDIC 433 336 "!33 -33 X33U33J
U R K2 IS3, 3 3[ X3 43 3!" 3 G3!3 3,
6 BUd \ *", "! 36 3 .33 3T3
R 9, - G=U .
2-1 6
g 7 )
") 4 ;S U 6\ 2 4++ 335 43 3
IO , 6 U .
1-2-1 - ;S"
6 IO \ 26 ! - ;S " 43 X3 33S
4 -N" ) . E " = 6 XsUQ ) !
" = 6 , XM) ) 6 ZZ 4 :
O = P, : X) 3O 3M) 500kVA 93 3s23 43 EM33
.1
5( , Q 4 , GO 5 3 -N 3 3SB
) 33233 33) )33U k" 33 33 I33O 33 533 33 433K233
33O 33S 33 33 335 433 33 335 ) 3333 433 33 . 335
IO \ O = = ,O!, u+ 46 X , *! 6
IO 36 E 75 9N6 ,N -3 43 X3MO . I3Q3 3O
= 4 \ ,O \335 6 3, 3 .43! 4*B3 3
4 Q IO, ,N\ Q -O' \ X "; = !E3 60 436 X
I333 333 3336M 3336 3335 )333TM =, 43336 3336, 333 ) . -333
\ > S , X)M*); K2M(.
O Q :3S uM 36 E3O3 *3 -3 )3 3D93
.2
+ 46 K23 3 36 36 I3O, Xs3U36 36 G335 3
* I G 3 3 63+ 3 . Q33O 3\3 3, \!3
3 3 43 3 5 I3S E3O 33 3 3 I3Winch 3
I ! - .+ 9 , 25=)6 9 IO U "3+
" ," ) O .
23
X+,
33O 33 " : 33 33 33633 )33U 33SB -33.)33 33
.3
*)S uM - XO 4 K2 O [ 6 Z EO ).
U U6 X 46 EO , K2N 4 !, 3 4D
" = 25@ 9 , G)6 .K M 6" \" X K2R M 9
= ! + M [, + O s 3 , I"3+3 3 93 3
) 3 =3 (3 43 3 3D3U X 43"3 3 3 -3
6 K2S , 6 -M ) 33S Y3+ )3 = 3\-3 ;3
*) R U [ 3, , =3 3 3S 3 3 3
, " " ,s 9"N ,N R 3,s
, 'M "M.
4 E E+ G2 - ;S " 4 - 3S 96
*3 3SB\3 36 B 3, 3) . 3 X35 3 3, 3 3 X3 Cable
[ Trays kB3 3, '3 .3 43 "3 3S 3s X53 "3
K2 ' 36 Z>3\ 3" 3) 3 K3U3 9 3, K23 33 3
P QO ). X
)" 9 3 -3 ;3S 3T 3 = 336d *3T \ 3" 2336 3
)[ X3333 4) Q33)33( 33M 33"33 J -33! 33 -3333Z 33,\33 -3333, I33
) d .
2-2-1 - ;S
;S - N , = , \ 2 = 3"3 34
"3 -3 3 3 433! 3R "3 [33 X53 -3 Cable Tray3 Ducts
u G2" 4) - \J ; ) ( Sprinklers G2"
, - u,U d ) .
[33 33 33" 433 3333U X33)M 433 X33 -33N 33\J 33R) (Sprinkler) ;33 33, 33U
,' 4 u!S" 6 -3 36 K33\J ;3 3!, -)*33 23 I)3S
4 ;S .
" , ) 6 X3)M3U, 3 [33 Ducts u3 33M
X\ , X)M ! 4 4 3 93 3
G, 96 I6 u6 5 " 3 3 33 3 3 43 G33UX
6 4 4 ;S++ \.
3-2-1 - ;S =U
)= - ;S ( E+ Ud 3,3 X)3 36 !3N
[ = M 4"3 3 [! 3 E3 33, "3N
6 4 Ud @25 ,)6 6 K G3 E3+) 3Ju!3 3
K233 33"33 . 33"33 33 33, -33N33 33M 33P, 33N 33 \33 533
X) 6 N[ , N = ) 3 3 -3 )3 35"3
> N 6 - ;S U.
U *! T , 9 " ) 100 [ ( 3" \,3 3* -3N
=3 M -33) u33+ 433 33)2s 33 33 u3+"33 433) 33 33, 3333 "33
= -N , - 5 Q3 3, u323 3 3, K23 3 36 3
3Ud 36 3J 3, 323 3 3 6 3 3 3 X3 33B 3
= .-
3-1,

!+ *) " + 6O" )3 33 )3R E3+
9 B 3 3 X3)M " 43 X3 X33 E3+ \3 . 36K23
*) ! ES 6 SM:
, -) + ). . (
24
)* . ".

)* .
)* .
1-3-1*) "
N .
" E+ ")J ) )3R-3
3) 4 u )3U, 35 3 3 3 436 u3 )3U-3O 3, 3
O \US 5 4 -+2 . G2 3 )3U E3+ 3 343 E3
" )* *)" ) 4:
" .1 \ ")J 46 + S X S 4 ) .
.2 4" 3S 3 )3 3 3 E3+ 3 3 -3 ;3S3
" ) - 4 (T X 3 4 K23"3 Z>3 G3
65 .
4 .3 E T W ")J) Building Environment X) u =
X , W,U =.
")J .4 I*U X ) 53, [3 k3 Z>3 323 3 36"43 3
5 E+.B
.5 R Nd ,S X 6 ! d " .
.6 "M )!S " ) 43 3) 3 "3 363S
X 3, G3 33 . 43!3 @3 3 B3 3[ 3 43 3
" " 5 )!S 3, 235=3)6 36 ) 3M 3X3+
33 33 100 33336 33B33O )33 33 .33 30 : 20 X33 336 \33+
E+, , -T)6 )S K" = !.%25 46 X
" , 5 ")* ;M ) > 6 Z ,6 + .
. ,,
" E+ G + 6** " ) 3 )3R E3+3
5 4, 9 K2** ,[ 43"3 43 X3 3 3 )3U 3
5 4, K2** " 4 S 3 4"3 3\ 3
4 - SB\ , 6) .
33) 33 E33+ 336O 33 433 3333 kM33S) 33!,33 ( PlanskM33S
(Side Views) 33)O 33 ) ( Elevations )33 33 '3333
kMS !, [ 33 3 3 )3S 3 3, 93 3 -3M 3
5 4 = ,36 3 3 E3+ 63+ 3 3
! " X** \2 ). (Shop Drawings
2-3-1*)
-1*9 9/
Q Q 4T3 [ X3 63+ E3S 33T
, B) T 3 , ;3 43 3 Q3 . 3 3*) 36 ;3 Q3
*); 6 E+, 3" 3 \ 436 3+ K23 Q3 393
E+ )U) 2s K2.
-2*9 9/ 9!

33 E33+33" 33 \ 33+ 4336 33!M33 4 I33 Q33 33W, 33 )33
) Heating Ventilation and Air Condition (HVAC 33! ,3 2s 3, 33
I 3 3 E3+ 3 3 43 43 3 E3+3 B 3 )3
X ) = K2 2 ") 4N 6 , .
25
X+,
3-3-1*)
-A/

4*) ** X" T + 3," B3 33, 3S
) X33[ 3333 33d 33 " 33 336 Q33 33 33 X33+ G233"33
* Q ," *) "3 3, 3R 63 33
); .
B 937
" D3U 3,!3 \23 3+ 3 3 35 43 -3X3[ 4
33D233d 33\Jd E33D=633 33\33 d33 Q33 )33R='33
6 kB . K2D ' = > Z[ 36 X3 33) 3
)[3 3D33\Jd 33M 3 3 33T3M 33 ;3 (36 33= 43 933 E33
@25 ,)6 6 K E+3 36 3 X3M G3 E3X3"\ 43
33U 33, .933S\ E33+33 "33 E33 - 933 433 ;33S 33,33++ "33
) - M 6*6 3" 4 9 3U K23 3D-)*3
- + K2 D. T
. C*9 9 5 7 .
") " *! -M ,2s 3, SB) 3 3 X533S 3 X3 3SB 3
S *5 2s , SB) .+5 P, 2 -M 36 63S 3*3
" k* T .
D 2s M Single -Phase ,) s+ ) 3, 3)) 312 kW 43 X3M
,\ [ ( , Three-Phase) 3 ) 43 3.G3
" ,) [ = + X -NRJ " , \.
) ) -+ \US -OO , !* 2s 3 3 3
B3333 )33233 33 33 33, )33U 33J I33s !Ring System 33
. M ) !*2s 4 )3U 4J Two in-takes
".
U ) ) -+) [( , 2s )* )U) 3
X ( Ring System)R) k )U3 66/11 kV 132/112s 3 33T 3
\ 6 + ED2s ,\ X+.
. D*9 9, ) ) .

-1! P
4" ) d [ 3 -3 I3 3 3s 3 3),
33 4336 u33,33U 33, 33S33 633+233 433 33, G233 33 33
)33 -33 ;33S33 "33 33 33 33 .5 G3333S I33S I*33U
) k 5,.(
-29 P .
5 4 ) ")J s S ,) 4 R 3Nd
9336 433 336 33 )33 * 33J! 33" 33, 33 33,s 33" 33T 3333, G33
N S Nd ,\ X+.-S
-3*9 9 6! 3
," 3 )) ( Sockets ) Q3 3S 3T3 "3! (3 13) 3"15 3T
) 33 20) 33 33" 433 Q33 33M* I3333! Q33 40) 33 30) X33[ 33*33
, -) + ). . (
26
, K2 3, Double Pole Switch, DP SW -N3 *3 3

" Q * I2s 3" X3[ (Three Phase) 33, 3 G23 3 E3+
" Q , S X 4 363 Sockets .)3P3, -)*3
E+ K2 Q 9! X U.
4-1!, K U

d
4 Y* SB ! 6 ,:

-1 *) " + R E , 9QO 4 ;S2 \.X+
-2! + Load Estimation )3 3B 363S 3S ) X3U
! d ) Q u + .( XU K2 T3S X33
!)33 33 6 X33* Demand Factors I336 X33)33.Diversity Factors 4
K2, 6* 5 ) " M + 363 Y5)3 433W
" ) K2 d , X)M Is= 4+ = .B 3 33D
333 X333 333,"333 \ 333+6 333, 333 333333U )*)333 "333
BUd( P, \ G@5 ) ", 43 [3 43 43 3
S * 6 S @ 5 Ud 2
" , 4" [! "! 2 ,++ 5 43Q3 3
M X6 6 4! ) B E3 " 323 !3 35 X33U
\ ) \ X GO , 9\ X+[ 42 (.
-3 E+6 Nd ) 3, 3\ X3+ 43 -3S23 3 ( -3N3 3 3Nd
)) \( 6 E 4 " )) (Q -N ,
6.E
-4 E+6 ! [ X uT 6+ .... K - (-N
) 4 , ! K26 2 -)* 9;3S E
- 43 3, 43+ K233++= . 3 3 3S I3O 3 3
M 4 ; " 1- " .T , X3 3 '33 3M
' " IO), M s N , X5 N.
-5) ,S B\ Branch Circuits 6 E+B K2 B\ 363
33 B 33 33@ 3333 ))33 33 33 336 33M (33\ X33G33
O , 9\ X+ 4 -2 .
-6 u+ ) ")* !)J M J .(
-7 -3O3 B\ 3, 363 3")* 3!)J Distribution Boards (DBs) 36, -3
X 9\+2 , E* !S [ E -O Bd [ @ 6\
, \ - +3 E3+ 3S K233 @ 3, 3, 235=3)6 M 36E3+
) X) 6[ (.
-8 E+ B2s " ) B 3 -33 X3 3(
33 E332s 3333 \ 433 33633 335 336 33, E33 K233 33 33334
\ 6" . M
-9 E3+23s \3 M Feeders & CB (Circuit Breakers) 33 "3!)J 3
! 6 E+\; 6 X6 " .
X36 -10 "3 E3+3T ) ( Short Circuit Study, Voltage Drop, etc3, 3
\ X+ 4 - * 4 S "S 3 3U6 3 23 \3, X3
\ X+ 42 (.
-116 D 2s U ")* !)J Distribution System 3)3
335 43 336 336 3 d W3 X)3 336 33[33 : X3 E332s33+ 43 33 33
+4 3 3 E3O*3 3 E3 u393 23 ( -3 .Single E3
.)U B) Line Diagram E D E+ N U Y3+5 M
\ X+S \ XD E+ .N
27
X+,
-12 ;) - ;S E E+ B2s 3 3D63S 3 Auxiliary Systems
36 3D3 [Fire alarm, Fire Fighting, Earthing, Telephone, Antenna, X3
.( Data Networks, etc
-13 3U \3 3 X36 3 -3 ."@3 E3 3 3 3 3,
S! Is 6O [ : X + 3 3+3 DBs3M 3
4T + CBs S 6 B E 35 43 , E K23 3 G3
2s 43 . 3 3 3 3T 3+36 3O k3 3 3+
"33 [6 X33 3333d ) )33 \33 off/on . ( 3333 33 33T 533
[ X\ -)* K2s -N" 3, K233O
- 4 . 5 3 3D63S ) \3 '3
( , E +6 4 +6 X K2" 3, I3s3 3D
!*.6
, ,O !S !3 3"3 *3 3" 3, =3 3 3 !3
6 Lump sum !* 6 " 96 D 3U 3, I9
4 EZ 4 O\ K2 X" , + , +5.
,, 6* !S\ M , 3S 3 YB3+5
\33 " 33"33 33 3333S 33, 33, K233*33 [ X3333 !CBs -33J
DBs - R E , X+\ 9\ X+[ 42 .
QO ) 4 M2 \U 9++ X+ \ " + 336 3, 36
S 46 U \ J 6 2\ 9 3R X3S *3 3+\ 3, 3\3+
42 .
5-1!) 3

[ E+ ,+ " 46! 9 7" , !+ "".
, 4" 3\3" " 33" 3 -B3U 33 X33 3 3
5 2 X) ", ;M[ P, J! 3 I3 3 [3 3 !Y 43 \3
\ O ,!).
- ,* !S\ ' 6\ M " 3\2 3!)J 33
"!" ) , - . \ X2 * 3W 3, 3 3 -)*3 43
S 3 NEC ( National Electric Code ) X3[ 36 )3R BS (British Standards*
= " - ! ).
" ,++ [ XUd S sO ", T 3,
S S[ ) 4@ Z =Q ([ " 3" 36 3
E33M! 33 33 33s I33S!33 33,33 33, K233=33O E33Z 433 [33 u33 33 33
, X"S 4 5 , 4 5.
,+ s,) = 9 O , "M X+ E3
= )S"M )!S5=, EZ 4 4 5 . uM EO3s 3,3 I3s
6S T ) ! ( 6 " , Z> +!3 "3
"= .
6-197 K
,U6 ) -NU , 9 6 B 3*6 ) . ( Tender "*3 3
4 6O 4 ;BZ:XU
.1**33 3 ) ( Drawings 433T33 33d !33 33 33O
\33**33 )33R -33**33 33 \ ...u33 . 33 33P33, 33 K233
6 D" D3 3 Plans )3 3 ")3 43 353
, -) + ). . (
28
[3** X3 3Nd 3 3, 3D3 3 . Elevations 36! E3S**3

46: 4
33** - 33+ 33, 33D33 4" 3333+ 33 !) 33 3333D
2s + Q . S \" '@, 3
[ 4** :
-**33 \2 Shop Drawings 333 333 33 333!333 \ 2333\"333
3U . 3 = 33) 33= 33 3 33, "33\ 23 33 *)33
5 S *) " 5 .
.2 ) ( Bill of Quantities 3" 43T 4363* 3+6 X3
33,\ 23333U 433336 33 K\3333+ 9 33!M33+ .!33 33R !33=
, )\ 22 U -N" 3, 3+6 X K233O 3 36"3
) 2 U ,Nd) X " 5( .
.3U \ " U \. 2
,P, Is U \ - ET K2S . 936 E3+ "3 36
\ 6 K2 ;BZ ") U !.
:S !S Q ) \ 2U G6 4 -QO
6 ,\ X+[ 4 42 " S 6 U " =3 43
\.K2
7-1!, N K ) 5
,) ! * G "* 6! 4 , 4)\ 22 U )5 4 36 u 3+
( ."!33 K33 336 433!33 433 33, 4)33U 33U 3333U \33 33
[33
33U 33 -33N"33 33 33, 33 33U 33 E33Z !33 " 33 G33 33
U D : 4, ,[ .
E= ,D u\ X)M 4 U =)" ! 42M 4 *6 ,6 E3 N
*! \ \ EZ 5 S X6 E 3\ 63D u 3, 3!3 423 4 Q3
, , E !S5 ! 2 M " XM S2 ";".
6 E K2" @ = 33S "3 3*6 436 3R " 33R 3 35.
36 E3 !3
E 4 3, I6 K233+M 433U 3U E3,=\3 [3
"@ -O 6 6 R T +M3 36 )3+ 43 -3 E3 X3O
+M ,5 2 . , 33 23 3 3s 43 36 I3O 3U ")3 K23
U 6 J K2 +M 5 .
45 U \2 S "" , K2 -O33U '3M 3
XM" " U 6 E X+\ S , 2\ " XM.
" 3R 6 +M "P3, 3 W3S 43 G3 " E3S!; Y3U "?Y 43 35
"M ) \ . 2 6! ! G, ) ) 43" 3 3) 3S (4@33)
*5 T ! 3M 43 %20 -103U E3 Q3O YY 623 43!3
! , ES 9= " 3, 3T \ 36 ;3 33 3 3) .335 K233S
>S ! 3 X3*6 !P3, X3 3, '3 3T 43, ;3!3 3 )3
@ 4 O . G2 ) ) QO X"O G! 6 + E3"X3
6 X 9 = *6 , I)S@ 5 2 ) .9 E+5
29
\ X+[
, -) + ). . (
30
)? <
9

\ X+[
31
2
)? <
9

" * M * , SB E -, O X35 K23 *3 3 X3+500 3
kV 220 kV + , 400 kV ED" , * = 43 -, 3\5 X3
\! ,* MZ ! X* M ;J= 4 G2 X! X) ,Voltage O
. Drop " E 3\5 G3 3O) (11 KV ) 33M ( 22kV 3 ;J3 -3X3[ 3SB
U 6+) 2s 3 3)3 -3+3 43 3S =3 3
* , -N -[ Distribution Substation ! K2 = \ 3 O
5 ( 3-Phase) 400 V OS X5.
= " " ! , ! )3U, X33 3
+ 4 , 62 ) * 4 ", -[ 6 X35)3
2 E " k!, 4N S K2 .
4! @ D ))3R( -3 3 - Power Distribution System 3 '3 3
"! P, , 4" 6O 4 SB9 :
-1 YY3!L YY YY YY3!L@YY !YY. YY7YY Power Handling Equipments
: ?K
O.k
.
* ; * ATS ") U .UPS
@ Distribution Boards - 6\.
-2 YY3!L< YY dYY YY3!L_
YY !_YY YYN 99YY Wiring and Raceways
: ?K
@ Conductors 6\.
Bus Duct
K233 ;33 336O33J 33 33 \ X33[ 3333 X3333 ) Cable
( Trays Raceways ) )+ ( .
-3 3!L<< Protective Devices U@ !; ) <? :
!@ (CBs) -J.6
\.
Q 4 6 X[ G3 35 3, Differential or Overcurrent Relays *3
2 4 " ED Q "1 K2 4 6 Q M.
-3 3!L
Control and Utilization Equipments?K
[) X d 6+ Q .u ; \ )Q
) (Sockets.
1 " ED " . .2007 + T
, -) + ). . (
32
3333" X33U X33[ E 3333 Contactors33 Dimmers\33 @ 33336

\ ) ( Change-over Switches , Cross-over Switches.
,Nd 6O \ u XU\ Q3 23d 3N ;3d3
Q .
, Q ) R , ")J 6 4 +6 X 6O [ [[ E3
\33 ,33Nd 933 336 3333! 33 433 336O" X33[ 3333 Contactors233
, 92 \ X+ [ X) E 6\ , +\ X+ -S U T3
X6 , u , 6+\ X+[ . ! 6 36O"35 3D", 3 436
2 \.X+
\ X+[
33
3!L :@ !. 7
Power Handling Equipments
)R 1-2 Ok
4\ X)M 46 Q ! 4N S K2 6O 3+5 3U )3R 3 3

- O)U, . k , - ) " )U T 3O k3 33 36
11 kV ( 20 kV , 36O 4 Is!3 Rings 3!s 3B 3, 31-2 X3U
2 [ X )" ,' 2s G -M\ .3 3ZZ 43 3 Ring X3
" , X) ", [ , RingS ,3, 3ZZ 4 1-2 XU F1 , F2, F3 3
) \ " 4 * X5 - - SB X) 6[ * 3Hawalli-E 3S
* ET= 3 5 \ 132 kV 4 O 11kV 3 3[ X3! 3k3
)U O 6 S .
[ X! , +* 1-2 XU -\ Substations 6 ET X 2 43
=3 3 3 E3Z 11 / 0.4 kV 33 43 K23 *3 )[3 3 ( 3+ B3 3O
\ . B)T \ X[, XU3 \"3 > 43 235 )3U3
2s 11 / 0.4 kV k3!, 3"3 3 Unit Distribution System 3+5 UDS3
Q LT 3 3 33 [2s 3 43" 3) 3 X3\ -3 43
O. 4
)R : 1-2 XR -

[ XM 6*3 3, X3U3J 3 3O 3 3! k3 33
- k Q Ring= . , XU ;S 36, 3* X3)3 3 3 3
H , E * SB 2s - * \.6
) k = 3 X35 )3U Substation 36, 3* X3 3O35 43 k3 3
" . Ring Main Unit\ X " 3 X353 3 3, 3N" RMU
QO .
1-1-2 U.M.R
S " , ) 4 ( Ring Main Unit , RMU X3 k3 *3 \43N 3T") 36
Ring k -3 ) )3U 43" 3 3O k3!3 3) .336
S , RMU k3 =3 3M X)3 3", 5 MVA 43 X3M[3 3D 33
, -) + ). . (
34
* , H75 RingS ,) 1-2 XU K2 * [ \ , X( 2-2 XU
O 5 RMU5 ZZ 5 : 3- Cells
K2 X35 3M 43 * H33 3 3[ 3 335 X3 93O 3 *3
H35 Q3 3 Load Break Switch, LBS-630A 3 25 3+M 3)3 36 3
12 24 6 )| ', '3, 33 3 ! 433 LBS 1250 3) .(3 3 3[[3
, 6M 2s 4 K2 RMU , 6 100A =
M 1000.. . , ) XUS , 40) ' M 500...(.
! + X+, 6 Load Break Switch, LBS 5 d 6 +
9 , M 4*6 WS\.
5 6 TJ )( X J = = Q O
36 I3 3M * ( Active and Reactive Power ) 3M G33 323s 3 3M
1000.. ) = M 500.. E, XM I" 6 O\.
* k* 2-2 XR 6, - 5 Ring Main Unit

RMU\ 6 T Earthing Switches N 3S 3T 3S I
R " X+, 4 X)M 3 + 5 93[ 3+6 X33 3Z , X36;3
.+ Q G2 Interlock 43 X3 LBS X3 433 3T Earthing Switch
= =Z , \ , " Close" -N 'M = .+M
S \ 6 - LBS 4 !R + =\ 33S \3
4 = ) 400A 6 4! CB - ( LBS 43 93"3 \3 3B3 433 3, CB
X+,*6 R =\.
= Rated Current CBS ) ( 400A M 4 [ 63 \3 3S
, \ 3 3 ) ( 100A G3 = 3\ X3+3 3 36 CB 3 3 Inrush Currents
\" = )> 3, Z\3 - 93 '33 3 Inrush\" 3! - 3= 33S
\ Q " " 9! 6S*)" = EZ 4 @ Z X3+\ ,3
\.
Q3 36 3 Q3O 53 3 HV. Cable Termination 3 3 33T
" 6 E3M 3, 33+ 1-2 3[ X3 K23 3= .3 3 ") 33 HV3
") -BR ,6 9 9 +! -)* ;M .Medium Voltage, MV
\ X+[
35
: 1-2 RMU
4 " E 4 U 2-2 XU\ X+ , 3-2 XU 3 X3U) 3, -33 3+
6 D ! ) +\ 5 , .( K4 EM
: 3-2 XR ** ! 5 6 ) Ring Main Unit 5 !
Q M
36
( .. )+ ) , -
.;S XU , S ) " 9, 1-2 O

3-2 XU , u : 1-2
Q1: Load break switch
Q2: Earthing switch
Q3: Load break switch with fuses k33!, 33)EFI: Earth Fault Indicator
([
H1: Hygrostate
H2: Heater
T1: Single pole potentiel transformer
T2: Current transformer
P1: Voltmeter
P2: kWh meter + kVARh meter (*)
S1: Voltmeter selector switch
F1: H.R.C fuse
X1: Mechanical interlock
X2: Mechanical interlock
[ Fuse -*M 6 LBS X+, 6 X" LBS X+, 6 N X 6 X"
" "
c.d
Capacitor divider unit with neon
by electricity company(*)
lamp
(6 )+\ k O 2-1-2
335 k33 33O 33 35 433 33U 332s E33 (43S 33) )33) 633U 33 3,
3 66/11 kV 3 ) 3 3SB 32s 3* 3R) + Distributor "
.-) R E+ 46 6 X+\ 4 5 QO , 9+\ E ( 132/11
335 433 336( 433Z 33 E336 33)) 332s Incoming 533 335 433 336 433 33 33
33D 33N 233 4-2 X33U 33, 33 33U 233 33 -33= 33 332s Outgoing 33
.5 12 9 5 I
_ !
-) TM
1
5
4
k 5
6,7
8
9
10
11
12
B -JM
5 5
5 5
5 I D ** E : 4-2 XR
3, 3N 3 3( 11 or 22 kV) k3 3O 3W, 43 3 3 ", @ K2 Q

436 XU , u P Circuit Breaker , D 2-2 +
Air Circuit Breaker B3 4 k O -JM 6 .\ O -JM
. Vacuum CB 4 \4
\ X+[
37
: 2-2 . k
2-2
E , Distribution Station E 9*3\ 3 (11 KV ) 43 3O(400V) 3

-* 6 M .4S6 E u 6 6 6 4 :
;9YY *!YY 33! Rating33 MVA336 33S =33 33M 5MVA 433 X33M
-1
= - " 3D 3, " X3 3 =3 ) 43 33, G3
= ! X! * 4 * X , SB )U " .
N . Earthing
,. 36 3 !* 33 Neutral 3 33
-2
)R Solidly Earthed 5 4 ! s3 3,3 103 3s
4 K2! S \5 !.Short Circuits Current +
; Percentage Impedance !*Y
Y X% Z%"3 " 3MK23
-3
! 3 3)3 3,3S Short Circuit 3 3\ 3, 3+\ X3+3 -3
33U k33!, 33 33 33 ! 33+33 33633 33, X33*6 !* )33R 33, 3333 )33O
Z@33 (\33 33)33 33 P33 Impedance, Z 335 33D 433 33M 433 933
+ 2s !* 3"* . X3") Z% 3M 3 3 3 43! E3Z>3 3 3,K23
S= . M ! + 4 K2 3S 3M 936 uM33 Short Circuit
, Capacity" D , S) ) ! -J -(
6 uM XU T " K2".
N .! ? ) E u = T J 6! 3\ X3 3 =3B
-4
[ Primary & Secondary Windings , X Is XR 6/
/ / 3 . 3 X3 43 3 K233 Q3 36 3
- K2Q " \ X , 4S :
- Third Harmonic . Zero Sequence Current
.1
46 WR=O .
.2
X = 6 = .
.3
+M 6) -+ \ R "Q *(.
.4
)Z !* " .
.5
!* " ) 96 4 X3 33 Single Phase
.6
[ (.
5 K2s ! -\ 5 * 2 .
-5? K-Factor 2 " - XQ 6 3 3 Q3 33
33S Hi Speed-Electronic Switches -33 G233Q 3333 )33 \ 3333
X3, Discharge Lamp K233 36 u3+ 33 Non-Linear loads 3*5 3
" G = ! -T U 5 " ! K2 Q X3 3Z 33s
38
, -) + ). . (
- s O , EZ 4 Harmonics= ))S\ 33 3

) .3 EZ 4 3 3 43 36 =3 335 E3+ " -3 X3)3S
" X) 6 .*5 s[ 3, K-4 Transformers3S )3S '3
3*5 3s X3+ %50 336 3S K23 43 36 =3 3,2s 3)3
d [ K2 4 6 .
N -6 . 9*! )' (") 6) 3 3N 3 933
\ ) \"' \ 6 , 5) X3 93
Power 4 4 6 X+2 .
6 J -+! ) - Q , = -BS
,) \ X5 -3, K23 -3B Q3 3, 35 3 -3B3S
) ES 4 -, K23 -3B 3 3O ) 36 (2-23 3S
,2 D X) 6 [ P, J! ) " ONAN" 3! 3 3+ 3 3 ) 3)3 35
S Q' ")J) 4 ESO S 9 ")J.(T
: 2-2 N , S2 D

33" '33 '33 6*33 3333
300 9"R
* 65
300 9"R

@

@
")J
L
G
A
W
*6
)T -,(
= - S) 6 :
= Dry Transformers , K2S X5) SO.
=33 33s 33,Q '33 33M )3233 33 = 33S 336 X335) 33 33S
O , 3RJ 3 36 I3O) 36 3 3 3) 3,3
") [ U ,)U " U.
333+ 333 333, 3-2 333M 333
. Transformer
2MVA 3336333 9333 4333 3335333 333O
3-2 = Q ,O
Dry
39
\ X+[
-7@ I9 7 S Q' " S , = 4)3 E3Z3T 3 93 "3
S ." ) 5 6 Q' \Q B B .I3O
-T' = " )5 \ " .
4 E K2=)5 )5 3Q 33)5 )3S3 3,Q '33)5 3R "Q3
)5 "= Q .
! Q' , = Q \ 4:4
.1"Q 4\ " T G2"Q 4\ ! I .
.26S 6 ,) IM \ 9 EJ 46 G; !3 3 3
,! I\3 3Q '3 E3Z 3 k3!3 Q X3! '3 G3* 3M 33
Q335 33 !33 ) 33 933 33 33 E33 433 Y33 33 335 33
.
-8!YY7 !YY 233 336 E33 33+6 33T u33 =33 5 33 G33 -33N 33X335
) S I3O36 3 )3S3NT 3+ 3S 3, 3 \ 3T
\ XT S) 65 dB 4 XM + " S .( dB 50 40 4U
= + 6 9)U Q) I2 + 33O 3SJs
X5 2 , I)S 4 ) *S 3U B I)3S 3 3s3O
SJs 62 +.
1-2-2
) 4 + 4 6 )3 [) E3S 36 3 3 . 3,3
!, K2 4 363M X3M 3 433 E3M \3 E3S 36 3 36 43
O" \ .[ U \ ) 4 K2M:
< :1-2
9; 925554 :U*)! U7 3*!9/ . 6 N 65 ;.U

*?:
4M [ 4S B") 46 -+ , " "92 " 1992
) "[ , "75 5" 1975" "02" 20022(.
EM[ 4U , E 9 EM)M 4 ! 6 :
50 KVA
1" M S
100 KVA
2" M S
200 KVA
3" M S
300 KVA
4" M S
500 KVA
5" M S
800KVA
6" M S
1000 KVA
7" M S
1500 KVA
8" M S
5 EM, [ [ 4)", 4 " 46 Serial Number k33d
. -+ 62 EM,2 [ ") 46 ! + 500 kVA .1992
3-2 *
4! ES , ) : 46 6 ) *3( \3 3

= IO !* 6 - . E -O K2 4 6 ,3
\ + S * Emergency DBs K2 E2s 3 *3 *3 36
!* + 2s D ,+ . 4-2
, -) + ). . (
40
J : 4-2 M 300 kW
6 9P, 6+ , * M* X IO6 )" =+M S G ! BS
N *3 3+ 3!, 436 3O 3 3\ 3, '3M!3 3+M XB3) 33
4=\ R - 6 !* -@ 42s ) + 4 u3 43+\ 4,3N
XD2s ) > , X+, X*63 E 3 3O 3 *3 )\ 3+
Q ( @ 4 * k!, 3 3* 3 4@32s36 3 433 .)3 3
X! E P J! : 4 3 3 *3"3 3 Manual Transfer ) MTS
( Switch, )* . ( ATS
= M = , " QS J Y+ 4 6 IO3, XM
K2 S ) )* T 3O 3 !*3 3 3,3 X5E3S
T 6!* .
6 \+3 )3S3 *3 3,) 3d 33 3, 3S3 %20-103
6 *s XM *M I 353 3 43 E33 3D23 ;3
D\ d 6 ) 5 Z * " N K3 33T 3
6+ X+ K2 , )S\US 4 %50 [ )*3
.N
- D 6 9S ! * 36 ;)* = P, 4" ) ,3 !3S
"3 ) 363 ) ( No Diversity Factors 3 u3T = 3 )3S3 .)!3S3
, 5 S 4 3+ Q 43 3\ X33
K2O.
\ 5 , X D 4 X " ! 6 ED) 3 33D
M . 4 QO [ ,\ X+[J 4 3" 36\3 3, 3u3
* IS +.
X) ",[ Y + " 6\ ,s :
IO = ,S! 4 1.00 46 X u5*.
)(
S S 6S XM * .
)(
S @ 25 S S u"T !).
)(
)S 63S \" 235@ 3 3 3 3, 3 3*s K233S G3S
)(
G)R ,.
36 33"33 33,s I33O 33, 2335=3)6 33 Q335 33M [)336M 33, '33
)(
> \ .,s
\ X+[
41
1-3-2
ATS
Automatic Transfer Switch " +5 ATS 93 ! X32s 3 3

J , !* 4+ 6 " 3+ [3
Q , N+ 5-2 XU ).*S
kS) k* : 5 -2 XR ATS
2-3-22s * UPS
!B, [ " X Q 3,)3 3 Server3 E3, [3 43" -3M

2s 5 4 5 " Un-interrupted Power Supply 3+5 .UPS\3
2 O N -!* *! 436 3 K233 .33 UPS3 43 35
ZZ Q :
,QO 9 E X .S
,QO [ E 6 4 R , S 4)*.
,QO [ E X S 4)* 5.
Q [ Z , D.6-2 XU
: 6-2 XR ) UPSS ( O \ O )(4

43 3N X3U 2s 3 X3@3 35 43 3B )* 3 3", E3Z 43!*3 3 43, Z@3K233
*! 4@ "U Q + , 2s 6 -)* 4 !* 3 43,3 3 3+
*) 4 R S EZ 4 , UPS2s K2 "3 6 uM)* 3 33
S 2 E u)* 6 .Amp-Hour
P, G2 +6 E 4 IO ,\ R 6 UPS 9B:
, -) + ). . (
42
; .1; 6 5 .
.2; 9 55 .
-)*3 33 33 33 3) 33 E33O33 UPS .K"33 3,33 33P, I33s 233
33O 33 Q33 ) 33, 33 Q33 33 33 [33 ;BM33 Xs33U 335 43333O Q33
" (6N 4 UZ K23 Q 3 3 3U* 3, 3Q3 3 UPS
+ 2s S G 4 ATS X2s 4+ SB
+ =) JQ( " " )* 3 4 3U 35 43 K233 35 43 3Q
4+ .SB
\ X+[
43

3!L
4-2 -
- " , D 3\ 3 3 3E 3

X33+, 33, X3333 -33 B33 Xs33U 433 "33 33 ,33Nd 33 3333,
33 433 M 433 3333 Q 33B 43333 "* X33 G23333Z 33433 33O
XsU 6*6 .
O 'S " )TM 9 BBs - 6 I! -J @ CBs 36\3
) \ @ 6 3 3 ( LBS 3 43 3 336 43 Q3 !3 )3
) K2 , ) JS J! - I! -J X5 XU E) ,\
)U " , B 3 J! 3 36O X33 43N 3B3U 3Z>3
) 6\ X )= 4! . E5 -M 3 -3
M) 4 Q 2s s ! XJ 3\ 33B
U.
O\ ! ES : 46 ) 6 ( SB -\.6
1-4-2 u B
4 u+ IS 6 XU :

Open Frame Construction
)( !/ NP )!
D Q 2 E ,U X5J 4 433 43 3
-=O3 3" 3O 3 3* = 93P, 3S) 3= X353 4 3!s\3 3
+.B
)( !/
Construction Panels
! ;33 K23333 M 433 33 -33 33 Q33 433 33 33 33 = 433 ! ;33433 G33
33 335 33 33 43333 33 33 233 33S 33 I33O E33 I33K233
, 4.k!, !s
)( !/ _
Cubicle Construction
3 4323 *3 -3 43 3!sO 3 I3 3 X 3S Q3 3 33Z
2 XsU 4 9P,S ) , 4 XsU\ . -3+36 43 E3SM X3 5 33
\ " ) u5 SM \.
Withdraw able units
)( !/ !9/ X*7
.
E K2 5 X5 4! ES SM \ + X 363
I S M G2 4T , SZ .+
)( !/ , 9;
Box type construction
4 6O 4+; * T" - "O! 3@ 3 3 363 "3 [X3
)33TM -3333 CBs33 . 33 K23333+; -33 33 Q33 .33
433 33T ,3N33 M Q 33 3333 433 433 33" 33 336) 33(IP 55 X33M
" 2 4 , 6 4 )s XsU! )6 6
* 5(.
" 4! 5 > , 25=3)6 36 u33 -3 43 3 Q3O
[ ,\ X+[J 4 T" 6 I3S3 3+ 3 3 E3O\3 J 43!3
u " EO"3 [3 3M 3! u3 33 -3\.36
4S ! 2 X+\ I[! 4 u IS +.
44
, -) + ). . (
Code-IP 2-4-2 -
6 u B " IP Code Q 4(XY) 4M

EM X 1 4 6 "* ! N.
EM[ , Y 1 4 7"* ! N.K
*) - \"' M ( Y and X ) 4M 6 6 G 3N K3 33
X3+ 3 3", IP67 3 3 3> 3 3N 3 K3 Dust-Proof and Water- . 3
. Proof ,O .3-2
33\ "33 -33 33 33\ -3333! "33 33T 33
-)*33 33\"IP 33M '33
X) ", Accessories[ , IP66 Q JP 4 Q* = 53 3!* 3S
4 K2 36 9 3 K23 3D 43N 3 3 -3 X36 3
, 5 5 K2\ IO 5 Q O Q Glands
6O X5 EZ 5 4P ;s " -S 4 K
K2\ . " K2O T\" ) " k!,( . 43 K2!3 3M 3I3s
WS " 46\ , 2U6 M , +" E - *) - 33s
9 - "S , X! u M -T, \ " , JR I)3S
= M +6[ " 4 1% K" X.
: 3-2\+ IP
) Y!; 9 ( ) X!; 9
(
=
=
3*M 3N K3 33N 33 33S 33
*M) E 50 4
*MS
) M 4 4 X5(T
3*M 3N K3 33N 33 33S 33
*M) E 12 4
*MS M
Drop-proof
33N 33 33S 33
N*
*M) 4
Rain Proof
E 2.5
N K!2 3, 33N 33 33S 33
6 4 *M 3) E 1 4
Splash- proof
N K 333M ", 333" X5333)333
9 9)R
! Jet-Proof
333N 333 333333T
XsU
*! N
N )
N , s
IP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5 U M 9T " ,\ R Z EM N=Q

5 Vibration , 6=O , I)S M SJs.
\ X+[
45
3-4-2 E+ -
X33U"33 33 3333 @33O 33 33 433 336O 933!)33T 33 5) 33 :
( 3PHASE +N+E 4 6+ = 93) 3! (E3 2 436 X3\3+ 3 )3 3
Q M
*) -2 K YU"3 : 43 ?Y 6Y! _<Y9Y/ Y 9 Y IY XY
Y
* 9 )_ !/ !
*).!!= -
*@ , ,S X) 6 -[ )3TM 4 - -3) 3 X35 3 43 I3
96\O * 6 , +M B2s 4 K2 . N23 P, G
! )" ) ,.
4," , 4 4 3M 936 3O ) 3 3 3,43
,O ( 4\ 4 M ), , \ , 4= (KO K2!3 J I3-3 3
R - - S6 4 ,S.4
K2!6 6*)! 6 ", - X*6 6 , KO
5 5 4 !)T ) X5 P, ' 4 ,S K2!)T s S, 3M
433 ,33!)33T )33 33 433 " 33, I)33S "YY!)33T 433 33\33O . 33E33Z 433
E+, X 6 S .,
4-4-2D 6 6
E I -M SB) 3*! 432s 3)3 3 B3\3 323s
SB 2s \.6
! ES) 6 ;J , I X 3, E 3 36, -33 B" 33
2s *!.
\ XT , B) ) !, 4 Q \, X+ X Y
X 6 4 -\Q3O 36 43 Q3 ) 33)6 X3! G3 3
\ X .
IO , , 3 4 Xs3U 43 3 3 kB3! 3 X3 3
4 " !) 3 3 3 43 3T ;B36 3 Xs3U3+
.
IO@ S - .-
SB Q @ Q ! O ,Nd 3* 3M3+ 3S
\ ) .( KWh, kW and kVAR MQ3 Q @3 !3 " X3!3 )(Power Factor
G 9 IS EO .
IO Q -Q @ Q N3SE3D" 3, Earth Leakage CB I
.
= 4 [) 3Z 3 \3(
\ XT X 4 "Q
= *5 , X B" 4 3-Phases ,+ . 5-2
6 IO\ 2 S - B 23s Red-phase 433 3 3
33S -33O33 B233s Blue-phase 43333 33M 233 -33 336 33
k35 X"3 ) ( Neutral3 3 3 k35 Earth 3N 3T5 3T5
/\.
) ) , - 3O \3 I3O 23s )3R 433J X353 .
"), 2s K2) ! 4 ) A2 B2 C2 k! 43 ! -J323 3X3
2s (SB2 @*5 + 2s ) ! 4 5 6!(A1,B1,C1) -J
) ) "* R 46 + 2s P3, 936 43 3 3 X3*6
X+, , I)S! -J 3SB 3 36, -J3M X3+, 3 3D 3P, 35= 3) 3
)3 P33, '33)3 33T 33", G33 3+ 33 33 33U 9))33 @33*, 3
55 'S . 3 3 '3)3 3T 3 23, " 3 "*3+ 3, X3 3
,.
, -) + ). . (
46
IO Q Single Line Diagram k* E )J 4! -3

X5 E -JM X E X3 X3 X35 43 3 3 X3 3+"3" 3
.G
XR : 5-2 - 4 SB. u
\ X+[
47
3!L< :
_ !_
N 99
Wiring & Raceways

33) E33 I33O6 336 933" -33 X33"33 336 3333) 33 33 Safety33D G33
*)" 3333 33*5 " . 33" X3 433 X33 ! ;33233 )33 336" -33 X3333 33!,Q33
33 33S 5 33" ;33 I3333J 33 33 433 '33 X33 ! 33+6 ;3333 .X33)M
533 33,\ 33U X33 33 " *33+ "X33* ;33 336 33233s Feeders 33SB 33233s
33 -33 33 " *33+33 336 ;33*, " Wires33 33, 33S 33B2s33
\ 65 !* -.s+
, Q " 6 4 -N"! :
J .1 Layout
.2 I Cable structure
.3 u+ Classifications
6 .4 .
.5\ .
U " .6 X.
" Q , \ X+ 4363 Bus Duct@ 3)33 XB -3 . 3D \3
5 !* - X I S 3R E G2 3+ \ 3, 3+\ X3+43 -3
.
J 5-2
6 J )R X5U 4 :

@. (Conduits) 6 X ) . (Cable Trays - 4,) , R .
1-5-2
") 33+6 3333 33 E33 X335) 33 E33Z 433 -33 -33N33 )33( X33533
Conduits K2 5 X5 kB ' N . 6 6 4
, Conduit ) PVC G 3\ Q33 = 3 3 @3 G23
33S Q33[ 33!* .-33 33 33T 33" 33 )33+ 33"* 33 33 33 X33
T 3 Flexible Conduit 3 3) 33S 363 3 43 3 X3
46 +, XZ .+
E! IO6 6" - X K2 !)J\ :
.1@ 433 3 336 3 X33533 = "3 33 33+M23 33 K\33 33!)J
!* - X *M.
.2*); M 6 ,S!+ ! 4 [)' .
.3 + " +M X5 " !)J = J 6 S
2 IO= Q ZZ 46 ) .3 "3 436 G3Q3 X363 3+
S T (.
O Rd 9 X5) S 353 "3 E33 Raceways 3
Trunking 43 6+) G3 "3 3* 3 .93 , 43 3S 36 Q33s
B.5
, -) + ). . (
48
" 3 3 Raceways 3 3 '3 = 3, 3 I3 ")3 35I3

, 3 kB 3, 33+ .6-2 3) X"3S3 Raceways)3, 3 3 kB 433 3
" 433 3333 336 3333 E33T 3333 \33 = '33 .33 33T[33
33 -33 Q33 I33 33 33 33 K233 Q33 33 336[33 ) 336)J33
\ (.... ' = " + ,. kB
33 336[ 433 33 K23333 Raceways X33+33 33,33 Busbars33 335 *33 33
Raceway s S 2 93, -T3O 3J 36 3 3 Raceway"* 33
,D s IJ! -NZ .U G6 G*s S ;3s
M \ , .5
" 6-2 , : Raceways ) kB (4 ' )R(.
2-5-2
u3M*! 33 33 E335 33 33336 336 X33 6 433 X33 33")J 3333U 33U, .6
[ 6+\ " XT Cable Trays 36 -3N K23 ,3U X33, 3
7-2 XU S, I 4 X 43 9 XT, "3N X35 3 3 X3S)-3
*5 4 ) [ , U . (6+
\ X+[
49
: 7-2 XR , Cable trays

\ XT , B )U SB 3 3R) 3, 3 G3
4 XT, S I 93 3,3+M )23 3-3 X"3 3
6 (.
3-5-2 4, :
6 4, , X )R 6 6 E :

;6 = 4,!. E 80 46 ) X
-N= 4 !)J X EZ E 10 GS E6 E R) M, X .
T X 5 , " X K = X+\ ;6 4 E 20.4,
M -T 4 I* J 6 S X" R.
" 23 35 3Z \ 3 3 \3 3 35 43 E3 20 ,3S 3
, \ R -T EZ k 2 \ 62 "; ." -NU XS k

4 !)J -T EZ\' uU.
33, 33 -33N[ 433 33 X33 X33533 33 33633 Separators -33NQ )33M 33S J IM( \J 6 X+ S 4" X Q -3 3 ;33
4 ) ,S 4S 4 . De-rating factor
S -*M 6 X R IO -N X3 X5 Q PVC3 343 X3sT )6 46 O S , - X D 3!)J G3 X3Q3
, E 30 K2 \ .I)S
*M IO Q *M 46T E 4 X .9, X = XQ 3, I)3S X B3 3 3 X35 X3,3 3 3 96 I\ ) J 2 , I)S !
)+, XM\ ,3S I3 X3 3M 36 I3 3, - G3 33 Q3
- X5 X5 , X Thermal Run away = 3
. X
4-5-2D 6 6

-
IO= -T\ X Single Core X5 " 33 933+)9

O SJsU , I)S [ Induced Current X353 " 3M 3I)3S
, EZ 4 ,Nd X \! ) ,!.
, -) + ). . (

-
50
IO) Fire Barrier -3N Q 3 43 (;33 !3 " 3 3 *3 3

6 46N X 3 G3 33 *3 . ")3\3S X36 X3T4
\ 4 IO = Fire Barrier\ ".K
I33O -33N33 33 Control33 \33 433 3333 33 \336 u33
= ,S!" 30 cm 46 X 46 ! " 3 3 .3SJs X5 43=3R
,S , + ,O : 4-2
: 4-2,S 4 \ 4
6-2 IX
, X kS 4 K X ! \ ) T ( I3M S(Core ) X3

" us "Q T" 46)" 6 Q6 k 46 . ,
S , P, = X 3,) 36 93[ 43 3 G323 3 3S
. 6 \+ 4 \ - 3O 3 I33 "!3 33 X3+ 3, X3
" O " !)J Z ,+ : 7-2
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Conductor " X X ) (.

(Conductor Screen) X S TO Conductor Shield X33
!)J 4 ", 9)R S 3+ 36 -33O X3T, 36 3*3S
U 43 X3"3 43, ."3 3 O -3+ ( Stranded ) 33
*S,U 4" = D> 6 D -33O 3
M> G \ MO " , 6 EM! M> 33 "Q3.
4 K2*)! * X"O XM S *S.
" Insulation or Dielectric SB R PVC and XLPE
" Insulation Shield !)J3 !M 3 43 9)3R 3>3 \ 33
2 ! 3 9 X3 3 *)! 33 3 " 3 .3T 3, 33, 63S
-O D 6 *S ".
3 "3 " Metallic Sheath 3 3s " Tape Shield 33R 33 k
0.1 mm G3!33 3 3, 3 33 X3 3 = 33 3433 X3
\ X+[
51
S J . 95M 2 s 4 -+ 9) 4 -+

\ 9 K" Y5 ,N= = 9@= ZQ 3 *3 G3S
)3 . 3M3S 23 3s 3T )3U@3 3" E3Z 43 I3O=3
X 9+ !.+
-6 U* ) :( Filler , U 4 )O \ 4 , Cores 3
Multi-core )s, Inner Jacket .PVC 4
Multi
-7 " ) ( Armour SQ G X3)6 3 4363
4 I+ 4\O 6 R 4 k I+ 4\O .Y3
" \ 6 6 1 kV 4 IO ." S
-8*s Outer Jacket Q " 5 4 X6 3 43
.PVC
: 7-2 I , X 9".
7-2 u+
6 4 6 \+ " [ 3 X Xs3U 3 X3 3 "3
6 ) , ( Cores X G2 4 u+O IS .
1-7-2 u+ ISXsU
u+ IS XsU:

o O" ). ( 66kV 4 6
o O) k. ( 3.3 kV 4 6
o O\.
- D = 9 \ EM 6 6 K2\+ 4 u 4 .53 E3
Q 3O" 3 3"! 3! E3+3 3 35 3O 3\ 3 Q36 3 36
I3 T) 3[ 3\3 , \3 3O3 >3 3\3 3M\!3 Losses
5 5 " 2 *)> - \ , .X
2-7-2 u+ IS X
6 433 3 3 3 3 33 X3 3 3

X33T, 33 X33" X33+ 933 Conductivity X33! 1.724 .cm 33 X33" 33X33
, -) + ). . (
52
2 X+ u+ 4 XM2 EM 9@ Q" Y5 u35 3

X+[ , 6 Z 4 XM[ , .6
") 3333 33!)J 33!M33 433 33S33 *33 336 433 X33"33 3333
E K2*)! 4 43 X3 3 43 3 X335 3U 3, I)3SX
6 6 , IJ ).(Glands
I33O 33D 33 "33 335 33, '33 33O 33 33 33 33433 X33M
[ X M 6 , 6S X D K233N 3U
36 I33 3 3 36 3 X35 3 -3 3)3 "3, 3 3 33, X3
2 S - Bi-metal Gland S K2 U X5 .- Bi-
)6 metal Gland 46 " 5 " + .4\ 4" 4
3-7-2 u+ IS "
, - S " ) ) [: X

-1) X, PVC Q 3 363O \ 3T 3 3
\ T I .9Z Y5 3, EZ 4 3B=35 -3 3, 3 " E33 3
3.3kV 3\3!\ 3M -3 "Q3 -33O 43 36 43 .G3" I323 3
6 933 Z@33 33 33 = E33Z 433 33, 33+*)!33 33 " 33", 33\33
) (PVC[ 2 *) - . 9, ! 933
, \"N \ T 4 9!!3U . Q33 PVC3
\Jd 2 , I 6 X"U! I3 I3 93 93*\3O 3 "3 936 I3= 93
6 .9"R5 IO 6= " PVC =
X[ ,* [ , K2.
-2) [ 4 XLPE U! Q J 6 X \"
X= ! + XQ .B " " ,2 = 3) 3 3S=
6 -M" d 9N 36 3= \63 93, -3 3D K233+
QS IO" = 9N R Z .
-3" * J 3 4Zd EPR 4") 3*3 !3 K3 = 93!3 k\3
)Q. 4
6 4-7-2 5 u+
u+ T Armoured S . Non-Armoured 3S !3+

S2 U k 9) I+ (E 0.1-0.52 u 4 X 9B*6d
4 9sT ! 6 - X[ X S
.... M, , D+ ) 8-2 - .(4 D S! X[ 43 3X3
".9" X
: 8-2 ) S (4) S S(.
\ X+[
53
= -N X35) 3 3, 3 3 = Cable Trays3 " 3N
sN 2 ) [ Non-Armoured S s2 , D+ 8-2S(.
4 & _
Y 9Y3 XY7/ Y X3Y Cores 3 3 Multi -core 33 93
[ 33Z X33"33 ) ( 3- Phases+ Neutral E33336 X335 X3333 33, 3333+ 9-2
) (4 Single -core ,+ ) 9-2 EMS( .
6\ XT ) 3S ( Multi-core" 43 93" X3 93! 3 3, K3 .3-3 3
! -J) ) )) )3+, ( E3 240 43 33 u3 3, "3 X3 93)3 3!43 93
-+ GS )+ " 3" )S 3, 3 X3 X35 3 3X35
5 I)S 9Q B \, EZ 4 K2 = \ X3T3 3 433 3 Single
. Core
: 9-2) Multi-core :) Single core & (4S(.
6 8-2
); ,QO 46 ;S u+ 3 IS "3 3 3 43 3ZZ 3R3

336 33 33) X33, 33 PVC 33 ) 33[ 433 XLPE 33U "33
* .J= \B U 5 S Q6 , [: X
-AQ' " :" Q' " 4 E3"3 3 3, 3S =3 3 !.-3J
4=6 6Q' " IO6 , R 3 3 Q 36 '3 3
433 336!33 33 33U IB 336 633S33 Q336 Q . '33 I33O 33 33J
,Q' XM 4 )S 3J 36 63S3 Q36 Q . '3 3
3 3 " 33>3 33\3 33M 3O3 =33 Q36 Q . '33 3=33
Q' (120-70) kV/cm 42 " 9 4 6= 2 3S 30
. k!, kV/cm
-BU " ! : ) ,6+ 5 3, 63=
Q33 , E3333B 33"*336 33 33J 33 " 33335 3333 "33
\ 4 J ! 4 X G )s \ . ,U
-C" " Mineral Insulation 2 43"3 3S 43 3S3Ss
S , 4 " @ Q ! 9 N 6 ; .
M 1-8-2 Q6
") X" B3 3 43\3+ 3" 3 3 I3O >235

" 4=)6 ," 4*)!.
! + "3 3!, "3 3"Q3 93 3 . X3!3 3"3 = 33O
( E ) B2 "Q P, K6 " M G ( d) K 36 9,J 4 O
, -) + ). . (

V
=33 P33, '33, (V) 33 :
d
.Dielectric Strength
54
= . E"33 ! 33!33+ X33"Q33 33Q33" 33
! "Q ! T5 Impulse Strength S") 436 X3"Q3 3O
33R =\33 33 33 Q33 33 33 33, -33M"33D 336 33 33 Switching I)33S
+ ;66 ).(Lightning
33O 33Rd 33 33 433 E33=33)5 3333O 33633 336 E33S336 3333)5
" E)5 X 3 '3\ -3 3 K\3 3T 3"Q3 93X3)M G3
J X R E , X+\ 9\ X+ 4 52 .
2-8-2 u+"
") X " \ 4 , u3+"3 323

I)S! ES " )" X X"S 33 " 3 3 3,\3
" 4" IEC+ ,O :5-2
: 5-2 u+" IS

u+
)Class (0
+M
)(90 C
Class A
)(105 C
)Class (B
)(130 C
)Class (F
)(155 C
)Class (H
)(180 C
Class-220
)(220 C
) Class ( C
)over (220 C
9-2
[
2 u+ 6 :
!* 4333 -333333 333
" 5 .
233 u33+ X33U33 ) !33S
!* 433333 3333333333 ( "33333
" O " Q'.
X333U 333=)333S 333S
.
X333U333 333O" 333" !333S
=!.
XU !S" S
" " O =!.
X333U 333 6 333 220 X333
W .
X3333UQ3333 3333+3333 Q
.Q
43333T 33 33 336 33* 33! 3333 "33 33 433 X33 33
.O 6-2[ X + 4 R .
\ X+[
55
6-2
0.6/ 1(1.2) kV , multi-core
multi core Cables, with stranded Copper Conductors , PVCPVC
Insulation, PVC, sheathed
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
ET" 43S 3,23 3O 3S3 X3 X353U 3O

= EZ 4\ . R ,
" [ -J! ET, ! . mm2
" [ ,O ;S"* ! 6 X , 9 3B3 DC 3S
" ! *", - 6 X3 3, 9 3B3 3 . AC 3 3,
! 4 , GS I)S 4 - X - ,3J
GS S )+ *S\" 4 sS .
"3 33S 3, -3S3O 3 " 3 36 '3 Current Rating
[ M X +M 9 , XD *)" J IS! ) X 3R) 3
, \ , X+QO (.
" X)M 3, 53O [ 3*M X3 X33 3, 93 \3S3S 3*M3
) 6 X X5.
56
, -) + ). . (
.6 " X[, 5 X , 9 \S E+ X 5 , 3
) X+ 36 3J 3, 3 3 300mm2 X323
X+ * 9 [ .4J 12 4
1-9-2 "S) ( Current Carrying Capacity) X
= X X J 4 u! 5 X, N , [ X33

4 XM XN )R X5 .
-5 M X X 4 5 335 \3 )3 3 43 X33O
X, .9 k 9, O P, 9, " J K2 4 X4 6
" P, 95 4 Q 3M 433 3 X3" 3 . 33 43 93P, E3Z 43
;M !3 X323 !*" [3 16mm2 93 80 X3) K23, .3")3 ") 3 3 3!M=
\N " U J! X3 X33, [3 3 '3 X3X3
N , Duct )R , , X Cable-Trays2.
! R @ 25 \ , K2\! 4 6 I\ ,
3 33, X33=3)6 33633S "3S) 33 33 3 X33233 u3! E33 33 33,
36 3, 8 7 633O P33, 35 33" . 6 2 233 33336 33, I)3S 3 33 33M33
+M 9 . X ; [ "* 3 ")3 X33 3, 3S3
'.
= " 4O X35 3 3U 3 Y33 X3 "3S E3)3
, X XsU " IS\+ "3 3O 3S . 323 I3O@3M 3
X)M M X 4 X " 4 2 3O *6 ;33 -3 93 Xs3U X33
S " 9) .
2-9-2 EX
S S = B !*" ! !, , 2E3 10 X3= !3 50 X3
) [ . I E* X! 5 4 !* - X3) 9363 3ZZ (93
,[ .
< 2-2
9/
_ 3x95+50 mm2 PVC/CU
*?:
K2 s+" :

ZZ X Q" (3-phase) 9 PVC " ! multi-core4-cores 95
33S !* E33 33ZZ 33, -3333S ) 95mm2 K233[ 33Z[ X3333 Phases 33 33(
,Nd X 50mm2 9"*! -[. Neutral X
= 9 4 " " 6 s+ !S ,[ :
< 3-2
2
9/

_ (3x95+50 )+25 mm PVC/CU
*?:
K2 s+" X[ multi-core X ,Nd ;S \ G .25mm 9"*! N
2
< 4-2
] 3[3x240+120
\ X+[
57
*?:
K2 s+" ZZ 4 Multi-core 6 !* -33 Phase

, X 4 X[ ZS -*! 240mm2 , Neutral X XS .120mm2
10-2\ k5" Neutral
!* -3333 Neutral33 -33*! u33+ 33)33 Phase233 33")J \33 D 33 G33
= Neutral 9,3 3, 3Q3 3 363 Phases[ 3Z 3 3, 93 X33
*)" O [ Z! 4 \+ 4 XM phases 4 , ")J
!* - Neutral -*! 4 s -)* 4 . Phases23 3, 3D = 43 3BE 3
,Q 5 , . S
T 6 !* - -*! u+ N X Phase [ :
33, -1 3333 s33+ )33 = 33P, ( 35mm2 433 s33 233 \ -33*! 33, 3333
9 Neutral K=+M 3 3 E3Z 43 933R 36 X3 -3+3
X3"O3 " 3 !* -3 3 6 mm2 -3*! X3, 3 I3 36 93 3
. 4x6 mm2 : 323 " 3 3 -3*! E3 E"3 3- Phases+ Neutral3S 6
.mm2
, -2 6+ 6 Q3 Power Electronics )3U 3 3 Q3
UPS\ X3" X3T3 3S Neutral 3 Phase36 43T 3 3 \3 3, 3
O Neutral Third Harmonic 43 K23 Q3 d 33S
2 4 .Full Neutral Cable
-3S Full Neutral Cable , T BNd S )3 \3
Florescent Lamps \ M - U 3rd Harmonic 96\ 3M3
, . Neutral
U 11-2 X
" 4U X"! 2 :
1-11-2\! ,! ! Power Losses

! Electric Power! )6 X" 36 3O Power loss M , YM
6: X
-1\! ! I)S R X! M2 \! 4" :
PLoss=I2R
2-2
" 9 ! X \"' M\! ,!.
-2 T \! ,! 5 " k Insulation Loss X K23 43 I3S
" :
Pins = V 2 C tan ..............................2 3

( ) 33 33 33\! 33 Loss angle 3 "33 X33 k33 33Q 433 3333O
S 46 u Power Factor 4 O Load
.Q ) ( [' Q 6 45 4 N 3M
5 Power loss ".
, -) + ). . (
58
-3 , !, Ts " Metallic Sheath Loss2 O 3
Eddy Current ,s " @ Z Induction EZ 43, 3!, , I)S
!.
- K2\! I)S\ , X EZ 4 IO@ 4 B 3 Q3 3
33" X33 33 33 33S ) (433 X33M 33 433 33S= . X33 33 33
4 S X 3, uM 3 43, X3 '3 36! 3 36 3 33S
)).
, O" - 3 3\!3 3 3 3P, 3N 33 Oil Filled 3
CableS I Q' J 3s X ) .3" I323 3 433 93
= Z@33\336 =\33N 33S 33, 33J 336 33 33S 433, -33O, X33Q 33, '33334
\T \S , K3 4=\36 3M 3>3 3\3 33 3!) 3, X3
=\6( EZ 4 *6 .2 , BS Q53 " 3T3T 3,3 4I3 3s
I33O 33\33 33S Q 33, '33 *!33J 336 33 33S .X33 K233, E33Z 43333 33
Q ' " 6 TJ X 6 X) s" )3S , ( J ,3
.X
+ 10-2) 3, -3*! 4 33 Q= .3 3 Q3 '3 u3+ 3,3 Core23
!)J 9M, "Q \.
10 -2 X
2-11-2 S
4 5U 9 X"; K2 )R . ")3 3 3S 3 3 36
33J 335 X33 33!)J "33 33 k33 X33 433 X3333U X )33S 3333N 33D 33,
3 3S23 3 3 Charging Current 4 3U 3 3S . Leakage Current
M IS2 4":
I C = V C.......................2 4

V ! XsU .Volt

) k ) ( f 5 4 X ".(= 2f) M
C ! ( Capacitance ) "S . Farad
\ X+[
59
433 33, 33 33 Xs33U 33 Capacitance X33 33 33\" 33M '3333
S J 6 X 9 X+ X 13A , J .220 kV
63J X+ X3) 3" 3M 3 3S*3 3 P3, ( Critical Length 3M3 4 3U
S 4 XS )+ ! ! X 4 . 23 " 3 X33 Power!35 3
M X 'S E .3R X X+ *3 3 3D 3,3 132 kV3 64 Km 3
X+2 * D , 400 KV .k!, 24 Km
3-11-2! s X
U 4 X3 3T\3 ! 3M 3 3, G3S 3B3 3 X3 I)3S3 3 3,
33J X33 33 E33Z 433 )33+33S \" -33*! 33 X33 33 33 3333 33 s33
S K2D D @ Z) ( Skin Effect ) *S D 8-2 XUS(.
U ! X\" 3TQ 3 -3N X33O 35 K3 X33 3X3
, T" 46 6) 4)" , Y! 96 IS \" 3, 33
EZ 4\ -! T 93\" 436 3! 3 D 3S 3 3S K233D Z@33O )
) ( Proximity Effect D 8-2 XU (4 *) -Q ! X 'M 4 ,S.4
: 8-2 XR@ Z ( Skin effect ) *S @ ZO ) ( Proximity effect

35 3U 3 3 eddy currents 3 3 3, 3 3\"3 3 Metallic
O Sheath s SJs , I)3S 335 3,3 ! 33 3 X33
.
4-11-2! s X

= D ! 2 O )[ X ( 6-2 ! 20 6 X W )R20
( 33" 33, ) 33 33 40 336 33S W 33 (33 33M 33 I33O"33 33 X33
3W , S 3 3 43 36 .G3 433S ! 3"! 3 3 I3S 3 3
O 4":
])RT = R20 [1 + (T 20
3" X3 3 3 ) X33S 3 0.0039 / C 33S 0.004

(
\" .
5-11-2@ Z J
S 3 J X5"3 3 3 PVC XLPE 43 >3 3U 3 3 O3U) B3

3= - ( Water Treeing 3 *3 3 X3 33O 3", - ED3 3 3D 3O
4 , 6S ! O Q M\" , ;J 3 *3 43 X3
"Q3 33, ;3R 9)33U k3 -33, X35"33 336J 93,Q33 \36 233 -33 3, ;3U
=O -+ 9)UOU 4 = K2 ED , 5 " .
, -) + ). . (
60
12-2 Bus Duct
X Bus Duct )6 46 4 " "O"Q

T" 46 X5 " X ,+ .11-2
" 11-2R Bus Duct

33S 33 Bus Duct)3333 X 33,[ 433 33 =33 933 )33+)33 X \ 33, X33T33
" ", 4 )+ EB+M ) (R 6 ) 4 .
)+ T\ Bus Duct 3, 3T 3" -3 X33 X33 36 >3 235
\" J 6 S , E2s 4 K23\"3 3s X3M
Plug-In) 36 33 Bus Duct
43", 35 'M )3+3 3s 3 Taps 3 Plug Units
4 [ S D s ,. 9-2 XU
E S 6 " 4 4 )3S 43 3[ 3 3 Bus Duct43 ,3
46 Q U Bus Duct 3=6 3" 3= Reliability 3 3+ '3
) Continuous ( *! 42s Q3 K2, X 3 93 3= Bus Duct
6 4 4 = 6 " K2 + [ 4*6.
: 9 -2 XR - Bus duct !
\ X+[
61
1-12-2 Bus Duct
ZZ 4 : Bus Ducts

-1 . Non-Segregated Duct S
-2 [ . Segregated Duct S
-3 [ . Isolated Duct S
\ 4 [ - Z 4 N= - E ")J ,"Q 43 Phases

[. Z
3\,3 3 3 Phases[ 3Z 3\ X353Jd " Housing 33 ,E3 X3
33 336 [) '33 33 433 -33+) 433 ) 33S33 33D 33, 3333+ . 12-2
X2 1200 4) 3 5000) 3 433 9 38 kV 33 3S
!* 24 4 9 - 96.
: 12-2 4 Bus Ducts

, [ , X X5Jd " 2 ET Phases[ . Z 35
, 4 Phase X Phases[3 3Z " X3+\ Housing 323 " 3 3 Phases
[Q" Z T" 46)".
-+) 5 ) D ,+ - , ( !S 43 3
! % 98 6 X+* K2) , O ', 2400 4 6 6 3 X33
130 0C 33O 33!)J Class-B ) 33 ( 5-2 K23333 33)6 33 4336 "33 33 Epoxy
.Powder Insulation33 33 = Epoxy X"33U335 33 33 33 -)*33 ,33Nd 33
5 " . K2 TS , E! ) . 43 [3S*3 ;J3 k3!,
6 E K2" ,, 5.
! 2-12-2 Bus Duct
6 Bus Duct ) !( " X2s 6, J 6 3S .K3+
13-2[ X )" K2 . E ! "BU= :
-1 ElpowS " X , s S 90 .
-2 TeeS " X\" Z J.
-3 OffsetS ") ".;B
-4 S * M 50 46 G6 .
-5 Wall FlangeS )6 6 . kB
-6 Cable Tap boxS X6 6+ 46 X 4 .Bus Duct
, -) + ). . (
: 13-2 Bus Duct

+ 14-2) 4
Bus duct !.9
: 14- 2 2s X . Bus Ducts

4 QO [ ,\ X+[Q 4 46 u Bus Duct IS +.
62
63
\ X+[
64
, -) + ). . (
3!L<< :@ *

- B " N O Short Circuit +M "3 3,3 [3 3O
, -*M +) 4 9 X3 K23==3 >3 3 33 \3
) , M , I)S X - E X+, E3 .63S Q3
4336 W33S33U =\33 33,33 E33D" 33, 933+, 33B33 33 33! ) -33J33
Circuit Breaker ( CB "S ! -J.
13-2\
sCircuit Breaker
\ 6 CB 4M: 4
)(Amp
Rated Current, Irated
(KA) Short Circuit Capacity , SCC
, M +M 4 ,3 3 CB X3+, 3, I)3S3 CB!3

) . " Standard M EM , ))(:
6, 10, 15,16, 20, 25, 32, 40,50, 63,100, 125, 150,163, 200, 225, 250, 300, 400, 500,
630, 800,1000, 1200,1500,1750,2000,2200, 2500,3000,3200,4000, 5000, 6300
! 3[ 3 3 3 \3 3 "3 3M 3, CB! Short Circuit Capacity SCC 3+
! ) (kA! + M +M 4 CB3Z ! Short Circuit 3+
= .-)* 6 EM !+ 33 3 CB Q3 3 !3 [ 3=
" Z " !+ *) - J.
R! E! !) Short Circuit Capacity ( kA:
3 6 10 15 22 35 50 75 80 . 100
14-2
CBs
3,) 33U 3 3 33 36 33 433 CBs[ 333 3,3 3, 33 33
3S -33O *33 33 "3 33 Power Circuit Breakers 3S 3,M33
= 3O *33 K X3+, 333 k3!, B 363 43 3 \X3+
=33U 33*6 3333 . Relay 3)33 Vacuum CB 33 . Air CB -33N K23333
CBs X353 " 3,3 Draw-out Switchgear 33 3 3, CBs K233 =3
O6 6 XS 955 4 9 Z [ + ,3+ .2-223 3 3
S Rated Current 600 4 4000).
)R , S O\ 46 u, , ;S ") Relay 3\ 3, CB
. 'M 4! S ZZ:
:Miniature Circuit Breaker S
[ :Molded Case Circuit Breaker S
[ :Ground Fault Circuit Breaker S
+5 MCB
+5 MCCB
+5 GFCB
, E6 u 9 E+ , E" 9U\ . Fuse
\ X+[
65
\33 433 33 4633 [ 33 33, 33!33 336 X3333 ! 33+"33, 33
= ) XQ k!, 10kA 46 X [ "N 2 EM X [3
. 100 kA 4 [ S, 4+ 46 OS .
1-14-2 MCB :
+ 15-2 , D K2 CBs 4S - B 3-phase - 5B

. 1- phase
3-Poles : MCB : 15-2 1-Pole

, MCB M6 "*\6T !) X 43 93 ! ( IRated 43 4393+, 43
[ !) Trip Time( 35 4 3 3 10 -2 X3R 3,23 43 463 3DK23
"33M C-Type :33 ) D-Type33 33 33Z 3333 ( B-Type 33T\33 33" E33
" 6 ;J" , K2" M :
: 10-2 XR" 4 M CB 4\X+
, -) + ). . (
66
*! : XU! E Irated 4 XM! 6 -S , K2*! = \ X+3 CB3
' .
*! [ : 3 ! I rated 43 -3*! 3 3 35 K23\3 \ X3+3 E3! CB 3I3
M - S6 IS XB , N= .XU 3 C-Type 3K23
*! M 4 ! 4 )" [ 2 , 3 [ 3 3*! 3 33
U6 [ ! . 4 [ -2 E , D , - XU K2*! " [ 3
!. k!, 4
)" M 4D CB2 Irated 9S 20) [ \ , X+ O 33
! 20 4 X) -)*323 3+ 3, . J35 3 3 43 3N3 10-2 X3U
42 \ X+Q *\\ 3 Irated 43 36 3 3 "3U!3 3" -J3 36 ;B3M3
.D
*! [[ 4 , 4*! X+ M +M +M 4 9!-J3
M ) (SCC M M , X+ MCB 10 kA5 K2*! 3[[ ) 33
33!*" 33S\ X33+ ( Instantaneous trip" 33D\ X33+33 33D CB33 33 E33M 33633
\ ,*! [.
33 35 3 CB 93M '3 43 363 P3, SCC 3 CB 3 3, = 4336
9 5 .
D:
= C D) *)! 3 36 X3U X3 3B X3[ 93)M 43 3
B-Type233 I33 33B33d
4Q33, E33Z 433\ X33+ 33D! )33S 5@3333 33 Type
. 4S
33" 33,*)!33 3333S \33 433 =3333 ! 933Z Y533 CB 3333 CB33T
! 3 XsU 3 3 3, 3N 11-2 X3U23 ! 3D 93 CB 43 33
! 32 4) , 4 ! 30).
= , 9\ !* ;)S Instantaneous Trip CB \
X+, ,"* X ! -J " K2*! -)* 4 . Q! 93@ -J3 4336
S 9sU \ ) " 9.X*6 X
M6 : 11-2 XR 4Q\ , X+ CB Fuse
67
\ X+[
< 5-2:
!.
CB! 10KA ,25A 3
*?:
S, 25A3 Rated Current 4!3 33 3M 3, 10kA3 23 SCC 3 CB
2, EZ 4 CB 4 X 25A 4 XM \ X3+3B P3, 3 25A 436
93P3, 10kA 433 X3M 33 X3+\ CB3 3" 33 33 3!)J 33 \ 33D X3+ 3 33
!M +) 10 kA 4 4 " XsU CB 5 . \ - "* ! X6
P, 10kA 4 CB = 46 9 5 .
= " CB uM " M 6! + \, , CB 4 "S K!4
33S 10A 335 CB33 K! 43333S = 33, [33 63 A33 )33 = "33 33U6
O \ , CB 4 "S 100A K 10kA +M " 9 5 43 K!100A 43
+M " 9 4S M 9P, 100 kA X+ = O.
2-14-2 [MCCB :
2 , !6) MCB 4 9S 3, 3) 3 3B2s 3 . 3SB Q323 3

@ 9) 4 O D MCB ! 6 9 X ! +" .+ 16-24 46 D
K2!.-J
2 46 Q ;S " O , k)N" 4 M 4\ X+ 3M3 "*X3
, 12-2 XU 9[ W, 4 u\W " , ,! +3 3
,.k)T
, 6) " ! + O ) W\, X)3 36 D[3 3,43
+ 16-2 5 4 -*S3s 3ZZ s ) 3, 3 ( IThermal Tmag , Imag\ 3W36 3
S + 4, -*S , ss 4 [ .k!,
M : 16-2 4 -J . MCCB

,! -J) O -*Ss s [ X)3 3", 3[3 3, [ 43 343
, 12-2 XU[ X 2 93, s" 43 3M3 3,3 43 CB3) MCCB 3+M "3
(6 4 4\ .X+ 2 4 - [ 4 , 4 X3U ;3S3
6 k)N ,2 .
, -) + ). . (
68
[ 4 X[, 4" 43 3M3 43\ X3+3 CB3S 3, 3B 43 3
*6 .Earth Fault N
: 12-2 XR MCCB

= [ M" X MCCB 4\ X+ Q 4:4
QO ( Long Delay Time) (LD) S QO \ X+*6 \
9 J ) )S X+ 6 Z( .23 Q3O 3 3 LD)3 3,12-2 X3U
" M 9 k)T *") XB k5 EZ LD 4 (X+\ O 336 36 3 3
5 M 9 k)T . SD 3!*, 33 LD! -3 43 3"3 4 4323 4 3
2 4 = . 935 s3 3 35 "3 4 3, 43 X3U 3)" 43 3 Q3
B[3 3, -3M3 3+M k)3T3 MCCB 33+ CB 3 43 3, E 3
k)T M K2*!.
3Q3O [ 3 43 3 K23! (Short Delay Time) (SD) 3S, -3J35 3 3*6
* 3, 3+, E3 3+M 43 )!3 3 .(ms)3 43"3 3[ 323 [ X33
*! 333 E33Z SD 33 33!, 33, 3 .12-2 X33U 33,) 433 3+M 433 (k33! 33 -3333
S EM s 9.k)T
69
\ X+[
= , +MS = Q 9 XB 9 GS -M N3*6 3N

\ D X+ 4@.5
> i ):( Long Delay Time
= k)NQO )( Long Delay Time
E
5 G M :4 X

1- Pick up current
2- Trip time
3", Pickup Current k)3T )S Q3 K23\3 k)3T 3P3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 36
4 1.25! = CB2 , I)S 4M6 , 4 12-2 XU 3,
-33M[33 33 k)33T33 . CB 12-2 X33U) 433! 33" 33Ds33+ 33O 33 k)33T LD
\ [, .\ 600A M 6 X" 9*)N 4) 300A 4 3M 6 X" 9*)N 4
X+ .725A
> ii@LD 6
TQ K2\ " 5 4Q\ , X+ LD ! E 6\3 12 4) 3
" (Z 36 28 20 9 k)N G\ X3+\ 600A3B 93, 33 600 43 36
) Z 4 " G ... Z 12 Z 36 IS5.
"* X 4 O Rated Value \ 3!, 3\ 36 ;3 43 k)3T23
E35 K! X3 3 6[3 ! 3= 33 3\ Rated value 3" 93 35 k)3T
\ Z 4 6 600A [ Z 4 " \ 9P, k)T 3600 9) 4323 4Q3
M u 4 9[ 7[ ! = \.
= B ) K2! , 6 12-2 XU 4! 3" 3D! 3s3+ k)3T
!= .-J G2 k 4 XB" 4 42 4 3 3 3= LD 3!* 3 3
!* [ ) 6[ - Rated 4\ (X+ .\
(Short Delay Time) / IPickup > iii
Q K2! 10 8 6 4 EM 6 *)T P -J[ ! = -J3! 3 12-2 X3U3D
9,! " Ds+ 2 O 6" 4M 4 .
> IV@L ?
6 6 .6 .
7
k)N E k XB2 4 X+ k LD Pickup line 4 k 3[SD 3
Pickup Line X ) 36 (-2 E3) 3"3 3 .(Log Log) Log-Log
= 9 46 E *5 K23 3B 3! ( -2) 3 G23 E3=\3 k35 363 3
k2 !* ! -J k 6 6[ ! 3\ 3d -3 k3 3!,23 [X3
Long-delay 42 E5 , KQO );.
> v@(Short Delay Time) 6
E5 4 4 M! E .Z 0.18 0.33 0.5 :) 2 4Q 4Q3;M3
3 36 3 3 3S 3 3 4 43 u3+! 3 Ipickup 36 k)3N 33 3 Short
delay2 E5 K ); k)N " . X" SD 6 4[ 3M3 Ratedk)3N E3
9+, 4 2, Z 0.33 " 6 9 9000) ) X3+, E3S, ( 2.5 X 36003 CB
" M 4.k)T Z 0.33 K
3-14-2 [GFCB :
2 S 4 S , " 3, 36 936

! M X5 B ) , Phase B 1-phase O [Z
, B ! ( 3-Phase ) , ( Neutral ,P3, 13-2 XU 3
, 4 X5 G2, 6 X S 5 B P, . 3 23 \3
, -) + ). . (
70
, ) M 4 " S S3O" P3, 3M 3 M 3SJs3 X3+\ 3,3

CB SB X+, EZ 4B ! S.I
O k* 13-2 XR GFCB

= , XU ;S , 93D *)" 36 33 3O 3 3, 93[ ) 3Z!3+
-)*33 3333O =33O ( 33S 33 33, -3333 P33, Neutral \ 33 33R X335 !33
S S SJs \ , EZ 4 Circuit2s 4 CB X\3 ! . Closed XD3 S 33
, , ES, E K2B .
E uO , M 6 S S . EM R 3, S3S 3
5mA .30mA Q33 433\ 33W 33 ( 5mA) 3333 4[33 233 = X"33S= -33\33
" k!, \ W[ ) , (30mA S , ;!U .S (300mA) 3[Z 3W, T
= k!, +U S I , N Q " X3[ 3J ")* N Q3 3, u3
*S 'S , EZ 4 ) U ! 300mA ;"3+ ,3S
X 9M E\ , 9+\ X+S.
E u K2 Q 3! 3!)J T3 Rated Current23 43 933O 3J '3M
R K2! 32 40 63 100 E).
Q3 3O 36 \3 3)5 Test T3)6 3 Push Button 436 36 X33 !3
) ,P, 13-2 XU 6 *sN2 \ 3, 3P,3! -3M 36 3SQ3 I 43 s3
Phases[ Z6 ! O \ X+B \" XQ .
- D " K2 Q > \ \ , MCB N Short Circuits
- , NS I)" 5S N k!, I EZ 4
5 CB B 4!.+
+ 17-2[ X 9M S 0.03A X !M 4. 63A K
\ X+[
71
. Earth Leakage -JM 17-2

5 4 K2! -J" , M 6 G3 , 3N3 )3
6 , 9D *)" 3 3 3N3S \3 43 93 33 =
Z "* 43 k!, X23 3D " 3, 3\ 36 K23 3 3D 36 Earthing System 3 3N
" 4 , 13-2 XU2 = , 9 G . Earthing
15-2\ )+( Fuse
4 ") \3 3 433 3 36 CBs3 3, 3 93U\ 3 -3*M 33 3
B " " " Y5 4 , CBs !3S3S 3 Q3
4 !" +" " , .CB\ M XB "3 3
4 u= s 4\ -*M3B 36 3 I 3S X33 36
. Irated 4
Q\ @ 9 4 , CB =\ 3U 3M 3,3 43, 33 9 3
-)* 4 CB " ) 'M 9 3 +MB 23 = 3M3 3, 3
" *)! , 96 4 9 3-Phase Motors = M 9\ X+ X
, Phases 'M 6 - X*6" * \ M" X 2- 36
. phases
" ) X6\3 36 Z@3 3 3 33 93, 3 36 3+3 " 43!*-3
.U , Fuse Element " + X5\ 4 6+ ,
- GS 4Q = s\ - 9 3 I3O 3T 3 3 -=3+ =
I)S+ K 6 ) IM="R [ ( . X"3S\3 I3S X3P3, 936 XO3S 3 X3
*)" 4 6 X\ G2," 6 B2 \.
+ 4 :
.1+ Cartridge Fuses RJ
.2+ " !* -" High Rupturing Capacity. HRC
1-15-2+ RJ
"' \ 3S " *s RJ \3 ! 3 3 '336 G3 X"3S -3,
" 6 5 GS K"U .X*6 X " I2 ! E GSO 3 33 -3*! 43
.I 3+ ) 3RJ3 3)6 3, ( 18-2 436 Q3*3 43Q3 3
+6 6\3 ) Fuse Element23 = 43 . ( K3s=*3 3 3 X33S
, -) + ). . (
72
2 6 6S=\J 4 ." I2 = 93\3 43 X3Q 3B23 3, 3 J 3 X3
Q B2 Q " , +M .
+ 18-2 RJ5
2-15-2+ " !* -" C.R.H
4* " 4 IQ O O Fuse Element )6 G3 436 43 -3,\3T
+ =* 3P, 3S 3 3S X323 3 3+! 36 E3M 3Q3 3,
Fault Indicator X*" 4) Is 6 ) X*6 . ( 19-2
, 19-2 4 " . HRC

U T 4 46 : Fuse element " 3 Single Element 93,3
+6\ + 4\ -*! 4 T [ " Dual Element 93,3T
" +\ Q ;S ,N 6 9" X @ k!, Z . Overload
[ X+\
73
U* 9
/ :
3!L
Control & Utilization Equipments
3 3 (Contactor ) 3 \ k!, +6 U 6O K2 6 4 \
-3S X3+\ 35 36 (63+ u3 )3[ X3+\ 35 3 3" E 5 6
. ())
( Contactors ) \ 16-2
3! 6 d B 6 E B , " 4 Contactor ")

3, E 3 E3 36 3 X3 36 3M Main Poles 3 3*M 436 3)6 3 .35 93 6
43, E3Z 43 .14-2 X3U 3, ** 9 , D s 9, 2 E u *
. T\ * 6 , E 95 4
Contactor Q k* 14-2 XR

:6 Auxiliary Contacts 6S* M 4 "Contactor Q
Normally Open
Normally Closed
N/O
N/C
333 u333 333, 333 333R 333 = 333J "333 "\333")* -333N 333, 333 ( N/O ) 333
3O ";3s" -3N 3 3 3 E3Z 3 \T SB* M, EZ 4 Contactor
. (N/C) [ , " " energized Contactor u
3 3" 43 3 u3\ 3 E B , 6S* M K2 =
K233 33 Status 33 33" 335 433 33 33 33 33 33*M 33 Status
.6S* M
Contactor \ E 1-16-2
: 4 s 6 IS Contactor u E

. DC [ AC X 9M XsU
3 I3 , (N/O and N/C Auxiliary Contacts ) 6 6S* M 6
3 N/C 93" N/O 3 3 43 3 63S I*!3 Q3 Contactor 3 3
.T
. Main Poles 5 2 Rated Current 4!
. Normally Open -N , B Main Poles * M 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
74
( .. )+ ) , -
33 433 9336 I33 X33 33 100A X33 433 Contactor 33, : X33 33")J

[3 X3[ X3 3 75A 43 [ X = Single Phase Resistive Load
. 3-Phase Inductive Load
33 X33M 33\ 33 33+M Xs33U 33 33+M 4336 33" 33!)J 33T u33 E33
K3336 3335 Switching 333 333 3336 Switching Time 333!= 4333 9s333U
. N,=
-5
-6
Contractors \ W\ 2-16-2
. (W\ 6 " S uM) AC4 AC3 AC1: O 2 , W\

: AC1 1
3 K23 3, .3d B XsU X+, , W\ K2 4 Contactors
36O 23s 3 3M 43 1.25 436 3S Contactor -+ " X! = IO
.)
: AC3 1
Starting of Induction X3[ 3 43 36 Contactor 3 3S 3W\ K23 3,
-3+" 3 3 I3O 3W\ K23 , .9 Z[ 2 XsU X+, Motor
. 4! [ U6 XM 6 S S Contactor
: AC4 1
3 36 3, Contactor 3 23 3 4 4 !S X[ , W\ K2
-3M 3" 23 3+M Xs3U 3, 3, 3 3", 36 9 9 Z[
336 433 336 33 33+M 33M X33 33W\ K233 33, 33S Contactor 33 33
3W\ K23 43 3S Contactor 3 -3+" 3 ) .!S W\ , S
33 33R 33" X33[ 20-2 33+ . 433! 33 33 433 33 12 X33M 336 33S
.Contactors
Contactors R " : 20-2
, -) + ). . (
76
)? <
9. /

\ X+[
77
3
)? <
9. /

*5 ;)S! + \ + U 3*5 * 3, 3 3 3+
6 Y5 * , k!, K2 3!3 33U 3 d
\ .X\ 2 K2* Q " J 6 ! = ,U6 .
,) U ) B (6+ u+ 6O :
.133 33d ! E33S 3333d \ ) 33533 33 33d " (33 33d
) O S uMS ,U ES. (3
*s d X"; d " *.
.2 Q Bs+ Small Appliances XU Q 3, 3SI3
! = " Sockets 2s [ [ \Q .
.3 Space Conditioning u *s Q ) W,.
.433 Q33 33B K3333+ X3 [ 33+33T 33 K33 33\J
Fire Fighting ;B.
.5 Q 2d \ @ S \.u
.6 6+ B ES . S T = 336 X3U
.
u+, 6+ ZZ 463+ :\\ 3 *3[! . 3-)*3
K2, " \ +[ O 4 6! 5 * .
1-3 X!
u! I3S 3B 33U E3+ , 3 3U 3B 3,3

E+ 46 u U B " O E+ .B "S ,3" 3
X 6! . B
19. / d /9
F
E! 3, 3B K233 3 3 3B) 36! 3 ( 3 -3
"S , \ " ,U .3S K233 !3 X33U 3
33+ 33633 Y5 !33 33M =33 * 33 33S 33 I33O33U ,33N
" B.
*!(:
3R X3 3 -3 *3! 3 3 3 43 3 =3R .3 93, 3-;3
! 4 * ,"S [ * , ! )3 -3 . 3D -3
, I Q '3)M 3M 3+ , u K233O @, I3!6 36 3 43 )33T E3M -3,
! 6 =6 X[ 6 K2O !.
6! * 6 I ', X) 4 - B X) 3 3+ S 2 -
3, 4 VA3d 3 k3 3, X3+3d \ 53 33 . 6-10 kVA 33O 3!,
6 . 8-12 kVA
78
, -) + ). . (
29. / d / Ud

6 E+U B M B 4, M **
Q " Q Ratings \ O E+ SB ,
\ X+ 4 -2 .
2-3! ) B d
XU d %20 4 4 %50 X . B X! 33 3d X3

, -) \ 2 4/ 2 , 50/ 2 , .I6uM
! 6 S ! S .
d ! ) M (W/m2s [ ,S 5 I)SU ) ,3
* X) ", M ,[ ! + 30 4 50 -3 3 X
3,) 3d@, 3 33, )3 35"3S 3! 3+33 3 20 -3 3 X3= Q33
.YM33) 43333O 1-333 ! 33D 3333d 33 33,33 33"33 33
National Electrical Code +5 . NEC
: 1-3/ P
. g ).
*? ! ? 3
)(
! * @ g
)
4")
I6
\US
\ ) ;!U\R

)

ES
25
20
50-20
35-20
15
20-16
20-15
25
10
*) - IO " K2! E 2 s6 X 3 X3 3 33 35

X) ", [ ,' IS d !)J :
15 W/m2
30 W/m2
60 W/m2
30 W/m2
,) . S

,. I
, = ) .
, S =+ ".
3-3! ) B " )( Sockets
J 6 ! " S X3!3 3S 3 180VA 3

)6 X 1.5 ,) ! Q X3[ 3Q3O 2-3
.
\ X+[
79
: 2-3 ! )" Q Q
L
: u
0.5 tan
0.75 tan
1 tan
2 tan
K
,
\Q

S
*? 9. ) (W
800
1200
1600
3000
6000-3000
5000-3000
1000-300
1000-500
1200-800
, NEC E)6 O K2 " ,S ;!U 3S3S 33
E !U 3000 VA\3T " 33+ G3 \ 3+3 3Q X3\ X3[ -33Ss
Dryer u\O\ .
2
K2 43 363 36" 43 33 3Nd Q 3! 3! 33 W/m
33 33, 33, 33[33 33 \33 3333S 20 43333+, W/m2 30 33 33,
"S X+ 50 W/m2 3 3, I)3S G3 -3 3Q 33 Q3 ==3+ )3
G2 Q X[ Q .
O 3-3"* EM!) " ) , ( Sockets 4\ , .
: 3-3 ! "
*? . W/ m2

333333333333333333 / I333333333333333333 50 30
= 6/
60 - 40

20-10
\+
)2 : 6 Circuits (each of 20A
*
1- 3-3 "
,Nd Nd 5 " 3 G23 u3 3, 3Q3O 33 3

[ , 6 -, XS 4 6+T -, . K33 -)*33 35 3
, XM@ X[ Z ES .X5
6+T ! ! EZ T 3 33 3d 3
.u 4! X3 "3+ X3 3!3 3 25 - 15 kW 43 I3S\3 )3
6 4S 4! T . 5 kW
4-3S u
, U) ! S ;M 3 W3S 43 3 u 3 3 W3S X3
) 4 u 6 IO 363* 3 X3M 3S !) 33
.u
M uM! B 6 uD 5 3 3 )3 3S
)= "Q ( d 5 6 R ,\ Q S
9 Q " .9,
O Rd Q =6 6 Q \ " 3T Q 3 X3 u33
33)Z -33 336 33R 33, Q33 33 J33S) G33 X3333 * 33M 33MJ 9336 3333
T 2 QS M 4 Y u K2 3 3MJ X3, .,3Nd3M 3
, -) + ). . (
80
1 W" X 6 43 3 3M Q, 3.4 BTU3 3S 3d [3

* I M O u 4) ! !)P3, 3 100 X3
6 * I 4 20 kWH).
!33 33, " E33D!33 4 33, 33S33S 33M 336 u33 33 33S ) 3333
BTU (British Thermal Unit X5) 4R Q d 3T
33S 33 33 335 33) 433 33) 33W J 4336 33 ;33"33Rd 335 433 33SU 233,
kB! .u" 43 -3O X3 K233 3 3 BTU/Hr 3
" 4J)" ) 4J) = ! P, (12000 BTU/Hr " G3M 3 33
3T kW 43" '3Z 3,3 1.6 43 93M 43J X3 2.5 3) 3 G33D I3S u3
S .
M2 [' 6 uM -+ , u' 96 2 [' s3
EZ 4R 6 G6 IO 3 u3 "3 3623 [ '3= 3, 3 3 3 3
4 [ 9 BS 'Z 4 5 9 X 43 3[ s3O 3", Y35 = 3
R , 6 K,U -,5 4 9,"N , \" R .
< 1-3
M 4\ M u -4J 7 X) 4 [ ! 93 700"X3

( Kw/Tan ) 93 X33S X3" 3 1.6 X3 Y353S @3 36 . 2.5 3 X3
" X 6 8 R 6 , . S " )6 KWHS M 15.
*? :
O )" ( 5 S: R
7 x 1.6 x 8 x 30 x6 = 16128 kWh
O [ )5 ( Y5 S: R
7 x 2.5 x 8 x 30 x6 = 25200 kWh
\ ,\ = 5 = R
(25200 16128 ) x 0.15 = 1360 LE
N 5 , 9 '3)Z3O "3 3 93 E3, . 3, G33, 36 93 700
U 5 G R, '", ! 6. 9 1360
= " ) 3M -B23 " G3 X3 43 X53 -3M 33U 3" "3+ 35 43
\ O M 62 " . XM M " :.!! " 9, 9Z s
1-4-3! u
" , -BU) [ + X E I3 \) Split units 3+ 33s \ 343
O ! 4-3 X I IS + .
, : 3 Q3 3P3, 453/ 3S 3B"3R X3 3" X33 Compressor \3
*) = @, -" " , 'M.
\ X+[
81
" : 4-3 M Split

;9 !9/

9. *
? K
/6
>.
)6N
)..(3/
).(.
).(.
(9
1/50/220
1.5
1.540
1
12000
1/50/220
1.6
1.930
1.5
18000
1/50/220
2.670
2.670
2
24000
1/50/220
4.20
3.745
3
36000
3/50/380
4.50
3.5
3.5
42000
3/50/380
5.00
4.5
4
48000
3/50/380
7.00
6.25
5
60000
/7
9
)(2
12 10
18 15
25 20
30 - 25
40 35
50 40
60 - 50
, @ 25' X)3 6[3 3\ -3 3 3 3, 43S W 33
-BU, D uQ u Central Air ConditionQ X E3Z 4\-3
M 3U u !3 3 3 "3 . I3S3 u3!) 3) 33(
!)J\ MEW/R-6 EM :
65 W/m2
,
70 W/m2
,I
90 W/m2
,
80 W/m2
,= )
120 W/m2
, S
100 W/m2
,
145 W/m2
,=+ "
4 IS! !) X* u! kS \ XT)" S * / 4)3
K23! 3.5 - 5.5 ton/100m2 43 3 3"3 ) ( 420 660 BTU/Hr/m2I3S
")J ) S EZ " X 4J 4 X) 3M 323 " X33S )
. (1.6 2.5 kW/ton
= ! E!) M 'S X! 4M 4 - G S u6 4T "3
6 R ) 4S 2, X3 O3R3 ) 3 = X3 3
) MR 3 3 3 3 "3 3, 3S 3 kB u!3 .3[3 K23
s 4 X"O X S M 4 E+ 4 3 43 3M3 4!3!)J 43
! K .+U , X33 = 3M 43 3 3, 3!M 3 E3+ 3B3U K23!3
IS* u .
= S u" 6 3 35 3) ,3Nd 3 3 3 3
X5) E 5@U Z 3= *)3M ;34
, " O ,) 4 X"O +6 Z> 3
) ,! [ 4 I)S 4=Q + 6 ,) S'.
*) - ' " WO @ Z ).
2-4-3D 6! )
E3333S 33* 33" 3333S 33 33 " 33 33, 33 ) 3333 \933
"Q= = P, EQ" 4= P, *) 3 ) 3 3, 3W,)3 )3 (
Q 46 %30- %25 )S) "Q.
6 IO " E+ 6 93) '3= K3O23 36 63S! X33
u X! G " O\ , ".U N
, -) + ). . (
82
6 D! ) *; 6 X 33S X)3 36[3 3 3
) ! 46 %45 )S X 5" .U
IO TJ 25! " =)6 6! [, u \46 +
Q ) Q ! 46 u"T ,s 36 X"3S3 3, 3 \3
S . ,s + 6 ) X) 6[ , Q B
[ ( P, ) ) )" X ,Nd .
) E 4 ! -3 ;S3 !3 3Nd 3B
* 3 E3 63 3 3 3O X35 3 ) ( Ducts 363 . 3
IO= * 6S + ,) S = I)S6 Z = .
5 IO E 4 ;S** BUd** " = " O
- 6 O Q \.9
3-4-3[ 6 6!

< 2- 3
X7/*? 9 !
9L7 I 500 /7
.
*?:
d !) = 7500 = 500 x 15 W/m ) \ ) , (.

u!) = 60000 = 500 x 120 W/m2.
")J = OS) ! " * Sockets! X3T,, -3 3

! 36 IS 3 \3 3 3 25 36 X35P3, O3S 3 " 3!)= 3
4500 VA = 25 x 180 " !) 6) 3600 W)6 .( PF = 0.8
X ,)2 B OSS !) 72 kW*) M - 36 M u=3 43E3+
U B.
= 3 X3 u3 43!3 K3 36 BTU3 660 BTU/Hr/m223 " 33
330000 333 333"333 !)333
= BTU/Hr
333 2333 O333S 333333 500 x 660
43J 27.5 = 330000/12000) 3 K23! 3"3 3 33S !)69 = ( 27.5 x 2.5 ) 3
kW M M) 4! - .!S , 25=)6 - K23! E3 E3M 3!3B) 3
IO , - S .B
< 3-3
XYY7/* ?YY
YY YY YY! YY 12 6YY .YY /YY7) ?YY YY .YYYY7 150YY

*?
= ,) " *+S \" 4, "!U" S !U 3!" 3)-3
B 43 X3M3S !! 3\" !3U 3 3S 3!" 3 43 )3S 36 X3U-,3
" " [ X ES !U, S - 180 = Q 3S \"3
.-33 33 150 4336 335 336 33P, -)*3333S 33 33S '33\ = 33 X33 33!" 33
S \" .!U
,[ IS P, X !R X :
) 6)6 (15 W/m
d = 2250W = 15 x 150
" = 6 ) 7500W = 50 x 150)6 (50 W/m2
6 ) 9750W = 65 x 150 = u)6 (65 W/m2
X 20 kW = 2250 + 7500 + 9750 = !U!).
X " = .240 kW = 20 x 12
IO T " G " ) ) 6+T (.
2
\ X+[
83
< 4-3
IS X! ) 3 20 43 3 E3 3S 200m E3 X3\3 Xs3U

O 17 T S 100 m2 X\ I.
*?:
!)J\ P, ! :
d 30 W : I 50 W u 70W
d 60 W : 60W u 90 W
P, 96 ! :
(30+ 50 + 70 ) W/m x 17 x 100m + (60 + 60 + 90 ) W/m2 x 3 x 200m2 = 381 kW
2
T M! [ 6 6+ ZM ) XM 3D 25kW E3 X =\3 ) ( 3 3ZZ 3T
T M K )+ 5 kW E X! d ,TS 100 KW 62 )+
X! S !) . 480 kW
33S> 4333 " 33 X3* 33M") 33 33 )336 I3S u33 33")J I33S;J33
33S E33Z 433 )33+!33 433 -33 33 X33 X33 33R 33D 33 33 433 X33M!33 33
.E+ ; 3- 9 O S ;!U 3S> , S3 "3S
* , ! ).
< 5-3
9 ! /! / P 5 6 g. /7? 200 5 UY
3*_YY L YY /YY7 ?YY 100 UYY .YY XYY7/* ?YY YY/! YY! YY 6YY YYYY
9 U9 ! .
*?:
3 3!)J 3 3, 3S !3U, 3- ;3 3 200 3!3 43 3 32 kVA 3D 3
>P, S S . ( DF = 0.5 ) 16 kVA k!, S , 100! 22
kVA! S> , 13.2 kVA . 62 X 2 ) :
4 -1 D ) E+ EM IS 96 CBs ( =
5 x 32 + 3 x 22 = 226 kVA
4 -2 D ) 96! = ( !* SB
5 x 16 + 3 x 13.2 = 119.6 kVA.
< : 6-3
) O S 6 600)6 2 :46

5
6 2 / )Q + N (4O
6 16/ X 6!R 5/
6 "+ 3/ B 15 E X.
*33 )J33 , K3333 - K33 33Q33 "33 336 33 33)J 3/33M K33 -33,
17.5+ \ 88 .J
* )J 4 K S) 6M )J 2 / 6.5+ \ 873
J
* S " ) =( 2s ):
*?:
6)6 :
IJ - 100 X X 10 8 2..
84
, -) + ). . (

IJ 100 X X 2O 12.. :
2 . .
) (1) S 600 2
2
100
2
) (2O 6 2/ 600 1200 = 2
12
= 144..
1200
100
2
) (36 S 16/ 600 9600 = 2
10..
= 960..
9600
2
100
)(4+X5+ES ) *S 425 " [ X)(=12..
G2 d 1128 = 12 + 960 + 12 + 144 :..
= 12..
)(5/ !.:
* :"+ 3
* :K )J 2
* )J 1:K S
!:
15 3.
X") 0.85!(
= 53..
0.74617.52
X")0.85!()0.88\(
6.5+ 0.746
X")0.85!()0.87\(
= 35..
= 6.6..
95 6.6 + 35 + 53..
*!( :
'\N d 3 *)3" ;3 )3 36 4 33 !3 )3+! 33 d
* 1223=95+1128=I...
1223
= 1528.75
" 6 4 80 X= "S
80
" ) 2000..
' R - )SsRd ) *); " X)P, 4 *)! 93E3
6 k!, d ! ,*); " 6 )P, .4 , " X)368 93M 4
, X* = 862 = 95 + 68 1128..
" = I
1500 "S I...
862
80
= 1077..
" 5-3 \
\ 1-5-3 X6*Demand Factor I
D 4 9*)" 6 46 d [ ,) \3 " X3 3,)3
, 'M X *)" " 4 k!, " )S X Xd *) -%100 43 X3M
. S K2 X" )S* .Demand Factor I X6*) I" 36 k3!, ;33 433(
335 33) 433 u33 433 X33 3333, X33 Demand Factor33 33d 33,"33 33S
\ = ! %90 46 X G2 46 u 36 Demand Factor) Q323 X3+%50 3
. !, EZ 4 X6 E ! " X* I \ 3 -3 3, 33 3 . 3 X3
\ X+[
85
[ X3333O 5-3=33 33S 33 "33 \ 3333 33 33+ 33, B) 33I33S
+.
" : 5-3 \ , B\
YYY3 !YYY 9YYY3 6YYY
9/
9/ 9Y/

YY YY YY3 dYY

! K
P
5

)@(
4 50 X
4 100 +
) 25B.
3333333333O 43333333333 40 +
333 M333) 333+
25B
4 66 X
43333333333 1003333333333
+)235 3
B.
3333333O 43333333 40+
333333 333333+
) 25 MB.
@

<
YYYYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYYYY
*YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
Y7 @YY
d,
4333 100 X333X333

) .
4333 50+ X333X333
33333O 233333 33333
)
4333 33+ X333X333
3333O [ 333323333 3333
)
4333 20+ X333X333
) M Q
4333 100 X333X333
)
4333 50+ X333X333
33333O 233333 33333
)
433333 33 X33333X33333
3333O [ 333323333 3333
)
4333 20+ X333X333
) M Q
433333333 100 33333333

X3333O X33
Q33 10 "33 33
)
4333333333 50+ X333333333
Q3333 33333333
Q 10 46)
4 75 X
43333 1003333 3333+
) 25B.
43333 40+3333 3333+
) 25 MB.
43333 75+3333 3333+
) M 3, 235 3B34
" ).
4 100 X3 X3)3

43333333 80+ X3333333X3333333
333O 2333 333)333

43 60+ X3M33) X3
Q
! *?
@YYYYYYYYY dYYYYYYYYY,
<

*YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

" YYY_YYY
*YYY 93YYY
YYY dYYYYYY3
"
Y YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY7

YYYYYY,.
? K
Y YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY7

YYYY7
? K
4333 100 X333X333

)
4333 50 + M333) X333

4333333333 100 X333333333

Q333 X333 333
10).
4333333333 30+ X333333333
! 433Q10 336 33B
)
5+) 3
O .,N
4333333333 100 X333333333

X)
433333333 50 + X33333333
) M
4 100 X)
4 100+ XS X 2 )
4 25+ X M) XS.
4 100 X3 X3)3

.
43333333 80+ X3333333X3333333
333O 2333 333)333
.
43 60+ X3M33) X3
Q
4 100 X3 X3)3

43 50+ X3M33) X3
.
XYYYYY YYYYYYYYYY
3 YYYYYYY_YYYYYYY !YYYYYYY

4 90 X
433333333333333 10033333333333333
33333+)2333335 33333
B
33333333333O 433333333333 75+
33 M33) 33+
25B
4333 100 X333X333
)
4333 75+ X333X333
) M Q.
4333 100 X333X333

) .
4333 80+ X333X333
33333O 233333 33333
) .
4333 60+ X333X333
) M Q
4333 100 X333X333

)
4333 80+ X333X333
333 2333 333)3333
.
4333 60+ X333X333
) M .
!3333 " 3333,43333+
)"333333D 3 3333 Xs333333U
\" .
4 100 X - , X =.
\ 2-5-3 X6)6
ity FactorDivers
X6 u)) 6 S X6 T) 46 (4 Demand Factor2 , 96 Z = 93";3
4 , 3 Demand Factor 93" 36) ;3 36 3Q36O Xs3U
, -) + ). . (
86
!, \ ")J X6* X Id %90 X6* X3 I3 "20 3

XD 4 % >:
! / ? P ; I9/
46 d2 >S X6) " ) 6 X6) ( Diversity factor) 6 ) 43 63
\ ")J X6* , ( Demand factor ) I) 4 6 \ 4.
, )+ EO s+ X" 25@ P, k) ! 6S 3
* 9S! !M \ + , 4 ;!U Ss+ *3
") \ " , X 'M .
, [ ! 4 S +.
< 7-3
* X) \ B 5( 6:

6 4 d 15000 P
)(1
25 2 " :B) " 30B ) XB 6 6 ' .(25
)(2
Q :B
)(3
" X 1.2+
" ! N 1400
6 7 Q :u
6 ! 2 3.5+ ) 2.6.(
6 ! 3 2.5+ ) 1.9.(
6 ! 2 2+ ) 1.5.(
Q *:
)(4
J SB! B 6000
6 2 JM 6, B 2000
4SM B 1200
)J " X :B
)(5
! K N )J 1.6.
)J ! ;B 2.8.
)J) S ! 0.6.
S :Z
)(6
6 2 4 2 "S X 3 "S.
6 1 4 2 "S X 2 "S.
6 1 6 "S D.
O 4S O 5 "S.
,s 4SS 4 "S.
-
*?:
" IS * I) ,2 [ 4" 5 ,3O ) (5-3G3

6 :
)(1P : 4 66 IS d
9.9 = 15000 66.
)(2 :5 XB @ 25:) B
40
6 = 5 2)
+2
100
XB 3 = 1.122 = 0.85 220 6. ) "3M X3
:( 0.85
\ X+[
87
X 33.66 = 30 1.122 = 25..

)(3@
:
10033 4 33 33 X33O X33 33Q 10 "33 33)1.87)] 33
.( 6 M X" 0.85[ 43 50 + Q3 X3 3 3Q436 3
10).
)[1.9 3 + 2.6 2 ] 50 + (1.5 2 + 1.4 + 0.746 1.2
50
] 10.75=5.4+5.3=[5.7+5.2.
= )+ (3 + 1.4 + 0.9
100
)(4@ :,
4 100 XQ X 10) 4 30 + X3! 43Q10 36 3B
) ) 2.2. 6 "M X (.
= ) 7.00 = (6) 30 + (1.2 + 2.00 2..
)(5*
:
4 100 X X) 4 50 + M) X = 100
] 3.9 = [0.6 + 1.6 ] 50 + [2.8..
:dP
)(6 7 :
)( 7
,.:? K
4 100 X X) 4 100 + X3S X 23 3
) 4 25 + X M) X5S
= 12 = (4) 25 + 5 + 6.
)( 7
7 :? K
4 100 X - , X =
= 8 = 2 + 3 2.
)(1
)(2
)(3
)(4
)(5
)6(
)6(
+ 9.9
+33.66
+10.75
+7
+3.9
12
8+
= 85.21.
_:/
- - E " ) O 137.722. ,:
" X) 4= (diversity factor) d
< : 8-3
85.21
137.722
= 61.87
) 6 6 6 XU :

) (1 75. ."M X = . 1
) 30 (2B 25 XB 25 ' 62 "S X).
) 10 (3 !*" XsU X 1.5 X d. ."M X = . 1
* X2 +M ) -S " ) , 4:
) ( ) 6 .
)( ) O.
, -) + ). . (
88
*?:
)( / 9 ! 93 6 9/
, K2 S " * I) 4" ,O ) (5-3 6 G :
Xd
XB 25) B
=
=
XB ',)
X @25
XS
X
=
=
=
37.5 = 75 50. = 37.5..

6 = 5 2 0.40 + 2)
220 6
= 1.32..
1000
30B 39.6 = 1.32..
6 = (1.58)25 +1.5 + 1.5. ) 6..(
83.1 = 6 + 39.6 + 37.5..
)( / 9 !7 L
9 7 _ !! !
9L 3 5-3*! :
Xd
XB 25B
=
=
XB \' )
X)Q
XS
X
=
=
=
67.5 = 75 90. )..(

9.58 = (2 5) 75 + 2)
220 9.58
= 2.108..
1000
30B 63.23 = 2.108..
15 = 1.5 10..
145.73 = 15 + 63.23 + 67.5..
6-3 6+
6 4 : 6+ 6+ 6+! O ).
.1 93 9
" X2 ) "+ [) @\ X ", \ T = G2 3
) J 6+ , " .3 XB33 *3S E 33
"!33 233 33 43333 )33 633+ 33+M 33, 3 G33633S 33 \) 33T33
1/( ,S \" ) 25( 5 ' \ =* 3 X\3= 3
[" U X . ) 1-3 XR 4QO * "+ -,3 3T
Q' ) Q5 4 Q'.
\ X+[
89
4" "3+ SB3 \ 3 Xs3U\"3 I)3S), 3 X3!Z 3 3 23

"+ ! ) T XsUQ' X* M!\ S .
"+ : 1-3 XR Q 750EO

750 !/UL
d
!7
; 93
! 3
; )6.7 :
@ I

)/ . 3 O
.2 939 .
3, 3 63+! 3\ -3 \3 3 - Elevator Car - "3+ 3, 3 2-3 X3U*3
) I S\= ) (3\ , X+ (2) B 93, E 33B (1) E3 3
3) Processor 3" 36 \ 3" 36 3, X3 ;3 "3+ * ;3 3 93, k35
* .6 6 ) \= 4 4 86 63 36 33
4 K2 ) S .
SD D ;S "; 1 : 1 9, -N) D 3, 3, , E" E
W3,) "+ -3 (*3S 3D 3 36 3D35 3, E33 I3 33, 3O
) \ W X . "+ u3M35 3D 35 43 I3S 3 "3+ 96336 3
, -\ XU G . "+
k ) -," \ ,J 4 T , ;" (4) X![ 5 IO 43 5)3 Q3
2 [! X" \ Counter Weight S ,3T 3 43 50% 93 3+M 33, 3 3S
"+\ 9 9" 36 X\ u3 X3 36 -3M3 3\, 33 !3+ [3 3
4 %50 )S ,J 6 ) , . G' "+
2 [! X' , [ N I3O, 6 ", 3 Q36 3 3,
-, X 93 [! X3"3 3S u\3S, 43 G3"I3 ! 36 3 3 [!X3
X\ 9O2 " S 9 , E -, .6
10003, E3O X3!Z3, 3
3U 600 E3O '3 [3 3
[,
33D "33S 1 : 1 ;33 33 ,33T 33 u33+ 933 1100 =500+600) 33 (E33O 33,K233
6 + 4 k!, 50 X " ) ) 3JQ3 3T 3
10 G (.
s, 42 \ * M 4 ,Q3O ) ,3S 43 33U
= 3M 36 k!, Is =3 3 36 I3O!3 35 @ I3" .X3 433
DC AC ( AC) 5 S .(+ ,
90
, -) + ). . (
E33 36 33D, 33[! X3333 433=Q33 3 3)33TM *33 )33TM 9)33U G33S
) (5 S[)' Guide Rails3T G 3 .!3 36 3 E33 I3
[)' Guide Rails W X5 "+ )6 46 4 [)' , kB) W 3
E 6 G 6 "+ K2!)T * O6 43 3 3 I3+ X3S 3 ,3
6 !+ X5 K2.GS
E2s Bd X5 "3+ G232s 3 3B 3, 3, E 3 ;33 3
* X33 3 Traveling Cable\ -3 -3 \3 36 3 "3+3R) X3+
,s .E
: 3& 2& 1 ) E
)TM -5 [)'
-4[! X"S
D : 2-3 XR 6+!
1-6-3! )! B "+
E, ! , 6+ B E+ " ,"* :
.1 ) S X 3 3 Gear Machine 3 3 3 Gearless
Machine
6 .2 , 6+)
6 .3. Z / "+
\ X+[
91
.4 EO ! "+

X6 .5* : I X6* 6+ I u6 IS 3S, [ , ) 6+ 0.85
"+ 3 3S 0. 72 3 3 " . 63+ 323 *! 3, 3
6 6+ XM* 6 I."+
" , K2"* ) *S S M "+ G . 3-3 XR
! "
#$
"
1750 kg
50
1500 kg
45
1250 kg
39
1000 kg
33
: 3-3 XRS M " 6 , "+9

800 kg
630 kg
450 kg
300 kg
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
27
20
15
12
9
6
3
0
*) (
' ! " %
57
82
75
67
60
52
45
37.5
30
22.5
*) (
' ! & %
63
2000 kg
69
15
7.5
0
(./,) ! "+
< : 9-3
9; X7/ !! 9

4 93 3? F 3 63 ?./ Y
Y3 Y

9 6@ 1500 63 9.UL
*?:
4 X3U 3 3-3 E3M 3*5 3 36 3 3 63S/ 3! -3 -J3k3
XB[3 X 1500 3*! 43 E3 E3Z E3O! 3*5 -J3 3!, 33S 3M *"3S,!)3! 3
* , K2 S !) .(Gearless Machine) 30 kW 3 3 36
)33 633+33S P33, 4 " X33* I3333S 33O 33!)J) %72 33 33, (3-3 X33U
k!, ! !) ).22 kW = ( 0.72 x 30
= 4 3-3 XU ! * Gear Machine3S !) 37.5 kW 33
Q 46 G* -)* " Y5.
E 6 "+* ,) "6 , *; "+2 3
M6 4 !Z\ ) 6 "+! 43 3N3O P3, 6-3 3 )3
P, !J 23 4 6S! / 210 4 !M / 240.!M
, -) + ). . (
92
: 6-3 6S! "+6 IS

37 /. /; .
93 !,
g
60 - 90
5
120 -105
10
150 -120
15
210 180
20
210 240
25
240 300
30
O ! 9, 7-3 4 6+ S

! : 7-3 4 6+ S

/F

37
)
)
*U
!
F
)/(
) (
\ T
T\ k
40 - 30
s
1 0.25
45 15
*
*
O
2-1
55 15
6
6
\
s
<2
< 50
O
2-6-3D
.1S ,*)! 6S \0.75 0.125 4 ) T

/( 6 46
.2 4 " X 6 s S , O)
=\6 ) 50 4 ) 5000 EO = 6S! 2 46 X/
M 15 4. 260. ) +(.
.3 D S - ) (Room-less Machine= , 9
- I , 6+ )R.
.4S 3-Phase Induction Motors /\1500/375 46SD - !M
)Z - Microprocessor Control .
.5S 3-Phase Induction Motors 6 /\ 1500D - !M s
OS D 6."+
5 4, =R , E+\" + ,QO .
3-6-3! \" + 6+
" ! 6 6+ 6! ) " YB+5 6 4 G) [: X

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
6 *; .
6 S ,.;J X
* !.
")J" ) .
\ ).
6. "+
6 , 6+) .
" * .
\ X+[
93
4S ) OQ Software Programs ! 33U 3! "3+ 36 3M
.6+" 3 3 K23 3S . X3)M "3 23 3 "3 = " 33
, S =!.
! 9 7:
6 2 4S 5 "+ , 2 4 X .
P
6 +M 4, X5 . "+
N
6 S M 5 , 6 2 .
n
6. "+
V
" X s , "+ X , 5 , 2 . k!,
P1
" X s , "+ X , [ 5 , 2 .2.
P2
6 k , Stops uM ) 'M2 ( .
Sn
\ ) .
D
,S !*" 5 "+ , S Acceleration) 6 >J X. uM
d
45 5 / , , "+ X.( Z 10 = 9N\) uM
Tio
;/ , 4 ) Z 4 9N, 4(.
Tc-o
, E* : I
.1!> 93 !;& _ :Sn /
" N2 "3\ X [3 36 433R 3M N)3 3, "3+3 Y 3N
; IY5Y . -)*333 3 33s 36 4333 P1 3, "3+33 [ X333
33 ! u33 33, "33+33 [33s 33336 K 33533S P2233 . "33D 336 3333
== !3 36 k3 3 3, Stops u3M 33 ) 35 '3M23 ( 93 Q3
. Sn QS !)J K2U P, Sn 4! 4 K" :
N
N
N
P P1
P Pn
P P2
S n = n
...................3 1
+
+ .... +
P
P
P
.2@ 6 5 ;7 9 *

Total Traveling Time , TTT
*) -2 = 4Q 4 3O 96 X+ 3SM\3 ) 36 3 I)3S 63S3\M [3.
2 IS2 " 4Q ! :
) 2(dS n + D
V
.3 } 6 gO
! ? !;) \ : 3 ;3 / , 4 3, "3+ X3 = u3M-3
Z EZ 4 4Q \ ; =
. Tc-o = Sn x 4
) (3-3
= (3 - 2) TTT
.4 6 /? )

(
XU2 4Q : 4
42 9MsS "+Z . Total raveling Time , TTT
, 4 ; , X\M .
45 5 R .
,Nd Time Constant ) T Z 10 6O .(;S
Round Trip Time , RTT
Sn + Tio x Sn + time constant x RTT = TTT + Tc-o
)(3 4
93 .5 _/ ? 9_ 5 = ) , 4 2 4 (

93 .6 5 6 9! 9! 9/_ 5 = 6 " x
93 .7 93 ) =
!, 6 6 4S "+ 4S (.
94
, -) + ). . (
.8? ! 9 : Grade of Service M uM2 "O 6 X k) : 4M43

=D k + 4 ( .
6F : WT S 3,3 =3 43 3 3Round Trip ) 3
6 6 S! ( Time, RTT . ( N ) 6+
)WT = RTT N (3-5
!> 6F = ) . ( WT 2
!> 6. ( RTT 4 ) = /
)Grade of Service = (WT 2) + (RTT 4) ..(3-6
.9 U .? ! 9 :
' Z 45 4 XM
' Z 55 45 4
' Z 65 55 4
' ) Z 65 4
7/.10 9.

IS= 3 ) + 33, ( 3)" E3Z 3 ,3 u3+ 33 36 ;3S
33)6 [! X3333S 33, 633+! 33 ,33!) u33+ 3333 33J 336 33U . 33
5 3T 3 X3" 3, ,3!3 3R) X3 3!3 3 3 HP23
" XS ) . ( 1.5/75
, .
,.
.)! ,
.W ,
< 10- 3
* S 6 6+) \US 5 4 \ ) 20 3"3+

-S3 103, ,3S3S ) 3, >J3 X3 u3M 3 3 u3+ 1000 3 E3O
6@ 6 .100 m/min "+ , 9 \US 3M 633 ) 43 33 3s
"U( k 6 , 2 4S , "+ X 5 K2 6S :
5
4
3
2
1

6 R 250 250 250 150 100
*? :
" 4 4 @S EM :
( P1 = 100, P2 = 150 , P3 = 250 , etc ) 1000 = P
. 10 = N
.5=n
/ 100 V. !M
. 20 = D
1.5 = d
.Z 10 = Tio
Z 4 = Tc-o.
) *5 E+ I ); :
.16 k IS \M :Sn

10
1000 100
1000 150
1000 250
S n = 5
+
+
3
= 4 .4
1000
1000
1000
.2 IS 4 TTT
) 2(1.5 4.4 + 20
= TTT
= 0.55 min = 32 sec
100
.3 IS , 4 ;
Tc-o = Sn x4 = 4.4 x 4 = 17.6 sec
10
10
\ X+[
95
.4 IS 4 RTT X
RTT = 32 + 17.6 + 10 (4.4) + 10 = 103 sec
6 .5 5 "+ X , 2 = 35 = ( 60 x 60) / 103.
6 .6 R 2 4 "+ 5 , 2 = , 350 = 10 x 35 .

6 .7 6+* = ) . 6+ 3 = ( 350 1000
.8 4=D = . Z 34.3 = 3 103
.9 = ) 43 = 103 /4 + 34.3/2 ( .
.10 = 1800 = ( 80 x 10) + 1000 36) .E3O3)6 Y3U 33S 80
P, EZ 4 , EO 900 = ,.( EO
M + = 18 = (1.5/75 ) x 900+.
)J 7-3 -, , K)
336 33 2s 33 33) K33\) 33T * 4!33 [J 33Z33+ 433 (;33 33 K33 ;,33U
)R 6 ksN 6 )U2 3,3 3.5 43 I3s 3 4.8 3 I3S*! 3 3S
6 ksN -, + X5 33 ks3T3 0.35 43 3
1.35 " 6 Is= , .+
,) * =\ 30 ) J 10;( N E, 4+ 3R) SB
) Q5 4 3) N 43 3 )3U" 3! (3BQ35 3 36 3, *3) 3*3
)J B" X , 7.5 kW" X!3\ 4 B 3S ) .(Level Switch 3
6 )J " X[ .J
P, 6 ksT \ XQ3 )3R \ 43 3 3, 3T3 3T35 s3 -3,
ksTM) *S I 3 Q3 (1.5 Kw Q3 3 ) (Expansion tank" X3! 3BG3
T ksN 6 6 K2.
433 33M 33 33 I33S=\33 3333M 433 K33 433 33M I33S 33
*) ) 4 (P" :
.Q H
=P
0.746 KW
75
:
:Q
:H
:
" + )/3(

-,= )(
\ ) ( 80
[) 1000 = ,/EO(3
)J 1-7-3 ;
4 S \ )J T 6 K ; X) ", [ M ,+

6 6 / 3 -, ksT 10 . M , B 22..
ED" ,) )J B5 3 *3 Q3 !3 !36 3B
; , 6 M , 6 3M 36 3 ks3N -3, K3 3! E3*3
) I3333S !33 336 33, Pressure Valves ks33T 33 ( 433 33)J 33 ) Jokey
(pumpO ksNJ 6 EB k5 K ; ) (Header.SB
8-3 X" 4S! )\ (
40
233 Q33O 335 X33" 433S!33 Power Factor 433N 433 K)"33 -33N"!33! 33
O 9 B \5! "M + I) U - 4
4 , EZ E! .
, -) + ). . (
96
,) 3 3 X53 933 3M I 3, '3 3M 33! 3P, V K !3
D Apparent Power, SS S = I.V 3D 3 3M 23 3 3S 43 S
X"\ X X K2! \ \ S 100 %.
*) = - K2! ! ES X5 Q : 4QO Active Power , P 3S !3
WQO [ Reactive Power, Q 3S !3 3 . V.A.R Q3O ( P) k3!, 3
2 93 \S 3 \" X3 3MJ 3 3 3Q3O [ 3+ , (Q) 3 3, K3O 3
6S SJs 6 . QO [ .k3!, 63S X6 [ 3!3 3U
) M6[ Z 4! )" ET)" , . 4-3 XU SQ P 4 Q S
! Power Angle Cosine S K2Q " X! . Power Factor
[ : 4-3 XR!

4 N XU 93 3 '3Q 3s3 3 Q '3s3 3 '33 P 3Q3O
\ MJ ) 42 !, \" PJ I M -2 " X ) I3S
.( P = V . I . cos *) + 4 - cos M! 4 . +
" , 4 Q X" M! \ ) T X+ ( 0.3 2 " >Y. % 30
M 4! 3O 5 ) 3 (S P 3 3 35 3" . 3 \3S3+ 3 -3+
) I S M3M X3" -3 400 V 6 1000A 9 3S )23, ( Cos 1 = 0.33 "3
> S Q M 2 )R -+ B M X 4 400 MVA23 \3S -3+
4 k!, Z K2* M [[, EZ 4 K2* M O 2 E3 -3+ .3 \3S 33
" X! 2 M -+) ) " ( Cos 2 = 0.9 4S ! 1 4 2 3,
2, 5-3 XU " ! D Apparent Power S1 43 \3 -3+3
\ S2 9 \ 6 ,! P .O
& ?3 6
[ : 5-3 XR X" 4S!
2 "3 X3" 43S!3 P.F Improvement 33\[ I3 363 -3 X3

2s K2[\ QO X 4 Reactive Power* 4 = 25 4+ .43
EZ! . Q M X S 3M X!3 G2, Z P M 33+ 43 ) 3S 2s .3 3!3M X3
X"M.
X) 6[3 3, 3 3 -3+3M 93 S1 = 200 kVA X3" 93!3 PF= 0.4
23, " 3 3M Active Power G3S P1 = 80kW I 3S3M Reactive Power 3T
Q1 = 183 kVAR \ 3+ 4 S 2s 3"3\ 3 36 3 3, 3!,
! 5 ! X ,) 6-3 XUS( .
N, M\[ 6O \N 6 -2 ) -+ , 6-3 XU ( 4
K23[\3 Reactive Power 3D u3T3S O3S, QC = 120 kVAR [3 23
-+ \ GS 4 !S P, Q, S2 4S , ")J = PF> 36 Z3
[ X+\
97
63 ) 3M 3" 3+ 43 Reactive Power 3 3 93 3O 43 35 -3+
. [\4 96 X+ M ( 120 kVAR ) M) QO .k!, ( kVAR
!X" 4S " : S

!X" 4S " : 4
!X" 4S " EM s : 6-3 XR
200 M Apparent Power M + 4 I S !X" 4S X)M 5 "
S2 = 101 kVA k!, I S ) S1 = kVA
S 2 = P 2 + Q22 = 80 2 + 63 2 = 101 kVA
3 =. 3! X3" 43S 3O 100 kVA 3 200 kVA 43 M" ! T\5 " 2
. 0.79 ) !S [\ ( + -+) O PF !X"
63
P
80
tan 2 =
cos 2 = 0.79 or cos 2 =
=
= 0.79
80
S 2 101
X3" \ 42 ) 4S 6 ) \- R ' ) G X 4
( 0.9) EM3 436 PF 3 36) E3O -3 )3 3s K2 Is , . 0.9 46 ES> !
93 3 [3 3S 93, 3) -3+ 3[ 3 3N, 3, 3= E3O - T)
:S 96 ! S s " 2, 0.7 S 9 !X" k
(0.9-0.7) x 1000000 = 200000
. \, ,N X[ ET ) 2
* " [\ S 1-8-3
33 2 3 1 43 Power Angle 3 433S 3T 3 QC 3M 3S 5-3 X3U 43 43
: "
QC = P[tan 1 tan 2 ] ................................3 7
"4 * [\ C M S 4
Q
C = C ......................3 8
V
. Per Phase 4!S 4 ", E! - =
11-3 <
3M 3 -3+ 3 3, 0.95 3 0.7 43 3! X3" 43S I3 u3[ C 3 M IS
. 11 kV XsU 500 kW d
:?*
2 = 18 O 1 = 45 O 7-3 "4 O PFs EM 4
500 ,000
QC = P[tan 1 tan 2 ] =
[tan 45 tan 18] = 115.88 kVAR ( per phase )
3
= Per-Phase u[ " O 8-3 "4
Q ( per Phase )
115880 3
C= C
=
= 0.058 Farad
11000 2 50
V
98
, -) + ). . (

= K2 3-Phase Rating[\ S !) . 345 kVAR
2-8-3 4S S
43333S 33M33 KVAR* X33" 433S 33!33 33T\ 33" 33M 43333S 33M 33
O . 8 -3 EM [ X" X" M S!3 X3)M cos 3M 3= 43S 3
tan G336 33 333 4333336 33 33 '333"33 " KVAR Rating of
" Capacitors .. X" M IS! *3 3 .3! 3 3 36! -J3!43
[ X3 3" kVAR per kW G3 3 3M 3, 3T k3!,3 "3 36 X3+ kW[\3
* ,[ .
< : 12-3
9; YY 666 kVA YY ?YY9YY. YYYY7 0.75!YY, * 6 YY7 5YY ?YY YY .0.93 YY
X7/ KVAR <) 9 7.
*?:
4! E"* M IS @S 2 kW :-+
P = 0.75 x 666 = 500 kW
EZ O 8-3 M PF! ) ( 0.75O ) ( 0.93 6! -J3! O3 43
kVAR / kWS . 0.4782 " kVAR* S:
Q = 0.478 x 500 = 244 kVAR
< :13-3
X7/ 7)<
!, < 9
12-3 9L .8-3
*?:
4! O 0.7 and 0.95 -J " kVAR / kW XS 0.6912 " " [\ 3S
:
Q = 0.691 x 500 = 345 kVAR
\ 3! 3 33S 36 3+ -3 3D 23 3O E3M -3O 3+3O 3
\ T * 2 , X .
\ X+[
99
: 8-3! EM 6 kVAR / kW X" 4S!
3-8-3 4S " X!
D s 43, 35 '3M " X3!3 43 3T 3s 23 " 3 3M3 C3
)S ") IO s 46 E 3 [\3 3Z "3! 3 3" 36 X3-3,
)U E3M 43 36 3O!35 3, 43 3, X3 3 \\ 3 G23!X3
=\ 4\ \! 35 3M [\3 4323 3 "3! 3Z 3M 36 3 3\"3
5 6 . X
" K2 UQ 3D - C 3M 3, E3Automatic Power Factor )3

Regulator, APFR 3 3 36O \ 43 3+[\3 43 36 33 !E3
\ IS . EB X+, , APFR XsU K26O 6 X3 E 3 3
M , 6 C X" s! .
, -) + ). . (
100
4-8-3 4 -N[\
6 5 4 -N[\ 5=, I3[\3 363 BB"3O 3
\ , 7-3 XU , K2 !; 6 I\ @U KVA Demand
IOs 46 O\ PF\ u 46 " 4 .2 4S
PF! X kVAR 3, 3,3 X3)M 3"M[\3 33 3! 3" -3[\3
\ S, kVAR 2 " I2 =5 .
: 7 -3 XR=5 -N[\

" K2 U 4 G [\ 6 -N " ,8-3 X3U
E\ u 6 X SB2s " 2 Q2 =5 [ .
\ u 46 , G", -T[\ )R 6.
: 8-3 XR=5 [ , 4 -N[\

- , IO Q 6O I [\ , -3M3 33+M @ 3
4 u 6 X =+M X3" 4S!3 I3S -3M X32353, 4
=)6 ")J X" +! sU !; )3B, 3 3S> 43 X3
" , " X 4 G +M S 6 O ! .6 \+
5-8-3@ Z
Harmonics
" U X 4 -N[\ 6 - 4 X3 43S3 PF3*5

K2U X \ " M[\ - XC\ M
\ X+[
101
1
2 f C
2 " 9 \"' M XC M 'M \U XC M 'T 2, " [\3
) ' @ Short Circuit> \O [.u
33 *)" 3333 50Hz K 33 Pure Sin -)*33233 33 33 33, 33 " 933 33)33U
33 X3333 \633T 433 33 5-0 Hz"33 33 Harmonics33+ E33 K23333
Harmonics 3 Q3 d 3 3 3 SCRs 36 High-Frequency SwitchesK23
Q , I)S - Harmonics D = T . Pure Sin
3 3 3 K233 " (Harmonics ) 3 33 I3S)3 !3 3 33P, 3
3, I)S\3 3M3 XC 3*5 3 3 3M 3>3 33 3\[ Short Circuit.
" K2 UT Inductor 6 s 36O -[\3 3, 3 9-3 X3UG3
Q M" M Z W, [\ .
4 S * Q , B X 6O X[\ -+2 Inductor s+G
\ 9 6 IM \ + M 6 Inductance) .2 X) kS + '
Harmonics>Z )6 46 ' 3 36 Harmonics3s 4335= '3M
\, K2 6 Active Filter -N -[\.
= XC
U O" : 9-3 XR Harmonics
*!( :
-1 IO , 6 E+ [ u 6O[\ M 63 3M 3
4 135 )S (KVAR) ",! XU S! \" ,Nd 33+I
O QB D O XsU" .D
-2 E335 33M 3O! 115 )3S u3[ 4333 4!33 *3 33O "3 633
)3 6 (Rated voltage r.m.s 3M!3 3\" 3* 43S 3 36 I3S
XsU ', 400 4 K2! O 3, '3, 440 3 3) 43 3
, 6 HarmonicsO Z !.
-3 IO 3[\3 CB *33 3 3, 93 Long-Time-Delay Setting3 1.3 In
3 3 = Short-Time-Delay Setting! 10 In 436 X3 = 3\ I)3S X3+3 3
6 Inrush)@ 6 . In 4 IS" :
kVAR
= In
3 VL
remember : sin = 1
-45 U E X" 4S! [ Induction
Motors 2s Bd 5 ) 6 ,'.
, -) + ). . (
102
D 9-3 u
D " ED " - u EM E 9[ E X) 3 3D 3, X33
!, E2 \ ") X+" 6 46 ,Nd u Q. 9
6 u3 3O" 36 3 3O k3 3S E 3 G3 3 3 3J 3
X353 3 \ 43 93 X3 3+ I3 3 36 "3U 3 93, 3 3
).
IO 3 25 C %50 3J 33S )3S*3 ,3, 3
, I . M E 6 u3 s3 3, 3s 3 3 3O3Z
6) [ u XB XB X 3 3 43 3 3 36 K63S) 3
4 )S ) EZ K\! 5 35 9 36[ u3 "3 " 33
Q .u
6 1-9-3 ,
- 1 *
U , ESO [, 3 3S E3SO E3S3
37.5 C 6 [ 96 )S - 34 C3" "3U 3P, % 75 J 3
;T G O ESO S . 37 C
-2
!N
3J 3" 3+[ 33 3" 3 3 3, E33+ u3 3\33 \3 4336 3J
"33 *)" 933 33 336 Z@3333Sd 33 33U, .33Sd 336\33 33\ 433 33J 33O
O . ) O3 43S \3 3U23 3Z@3 \3 3 3Z .3Q
336 3333 33 [33 20 C 33J 3333Sd )33 33 433 )33S 33J33
6 ." J IO %20 4 %50 IS .9s
3 -3 !
63 3" 3+[ 3 3, 3 E3+Q, u33 ! 63 Y33 ")3 3R 3
. 9, 6 * IO 15-3 4 / !M IS .9s
2-9-3 D)
D) 6 Q SB:
-1 Evaporator
) 36 93, E3 XB3 X3) 33 3 *3+3 93 433 3
) 6 ) K) XB) ( .
-2<& Condenser
) \! 9, k) )3 \3 ( [3 43 3 3 63S 3) k3 ) 3
( k) sT 6 ) XB[ u ) ( .
-3Compressor >O
\ 9 ksN k) , s 9", M Q ).
-4 9 Expansion Value
\ 9 ksN , \ \5 k) 4 X 6 XS 4 9 B3S 3 3
s ,).
-5 > Coolant 9
k323 !3 3+ 43 3" 3 3 43 X353 3 ) ) K33Z 33, K
) ( EZ\! 5 ) ) KZ , K[ . ( u 4 XB) [X3
, . 1222 512 502 ,\ 5 6 4S XB = 3 3!)J 3, Z>3
, .1340 123
\ X+[
103
J 3-9-3! X6u
6) s \ , 6 46 O) [3S uX3, , XB
6 XB) S 4 36 6 6S) . K3 3, K23 -*3S 3
6 X+ G 4 ) 36 3, K[ u33 3 ) 3, 3 3 3
\! )S -*S \! K2* ) k
5.
) ) ) 43 ( 10-3 XR Compressor k3T 3!3 " 33 ks3N3s 93",
X5O EZ! X ) 3[ u323 36 3 35 ) 3 3[ u33s 3 3
K!, I)S XB ! k) O 3 35 k3
" ! XB X) 3 3"3 33 B3O,>3 3\3 E3Z 9*s3N 3,
! X " XBS G ) 6 X5) ) I)S 93S 43 3 3 43
9, > G ! X 33 3 3 ) E3Z K3 -33s 3k3T
5 .
: 10-3 XR Du

) I ksN -, ) ,[ - , u , ) -, 3 XB3) 3 3"3
[\ 9 9 ksT 3s X3M 3 ks3T '3M 3 33s
! 4 -, 33s 33 43 36 33 3O -*3S 3 3S 3
O ) ! X 9 4 ) , )S) ! EZ ! X 3, ks3T)3
* ! X XB) 3 3 33 3 43 X3M 33 3
) K ! X 4 XBS) 4 )), K \!3
XB) " , G[.u
4-9-3 D u!2 B ) ( Package
, D !S' AHU X5 !U ,2 3, 3 G33

-33 AHU Compressor k33T 33 Package X33533 33, -33N *33S 335 !33U
Q ! D . ;S36 E3 ! X33 3 3 u3 3O )3R 3 "Q3
2s - , N. 11-3 XU
, -) + ). . (
O "Q
2s
-
104
&'
!() * +
& !$%
11-3 XR I !2 B

)(

)( !" #
, S 42 D " ")J X Q ,NP 43 3 43S Fresh Air 343, .
" D ;S 9,3 \33 3,s "3 3 X I)3S 3, 3\3 )3S
Z S ,s"R 96 I R ,2 " Q . 3 B3
. s" D 6 ;S Fresh , 6 X5 ;3 G)3U
J\R *) ,N3 93D 43N Fresh Air") 36 3T\ 3 36 3[34
. "+
5-9-3 uQ )( gCentral Air Conditionin
> 2 3 43 E3+ 3 3, ,33 "3 =3+M 3,* 3M 3 3+M 3E3
3 3, 9) 3)3 s3Rd " X3[ 3\3 \3US 3S )3 . 3, E3233
33333D 33333 33333 33333 (Water chillers) [33333 3333333333 33333 )33333 33333
) (Reciprocating Q ) (Screw J Q3 )3 (Centrifugal -3 3 3
) (Air Handling Units 3 3 36*M 36 3 2s 33 -33 ) Supply and
(Return Air Fans33*M u33)) 33233 E332s33 933 ([3333*M u33 33M) 433S33
4S u2s 3 4 43 453 3 3 43S3 3B !3( 3*M
R Filtering*M k)N J )S .u
\ X+[
105
6 ) [ , u K2 6 4J 350) O ) 4), G

) ,+ .1-3
1-3 ) u[ K [ ) K)
, 6-9-3 X6 uB
, " X)2 *S 4 Q uQ 4 , + 12-3 X3U23 )3 *593
:
T*) K ) ) , ( Chillers O ) (
FCU) Fan Coil Unit 5) X5 33 453S
! 4 \ 5 9 3 !3 3 3 AHU Air Handling Unit
" K2 X5 T FCU )3 !3 433 3T 6,3 Chiller K3
3 33 X3M " 3 33 Chillers23 93", 33 )Q Cooling Tower 33
\ ".
: 12-3 XR uB
, -) + ). . (
106
7-9-3 Q , u ;!Us+
-1 & K Window

2 s X3 E3O = 3+ 3 3 3 5 3 43 3 "3, 3 , X3
kB ! E 80 x 60!) IO .,
- 2 & )? Split
,\ \ + -N, Compressor kT *S 5 !U X+
Fans X5 I@ !U X \ sT 2 I 3S3 3
). K
kT 5 -S = P, ,s OT23 93O 3 = 93 3D K3U3O E3 93
" )!Z X) ,O ,. ;S
" \ 6 Microprocessors" ,!) " O Data
\ K2 4, Q [ 5 " ! O 3, 36 3D, 3,s*\3
\ 6 9S 6 9S\ XsU* . 4 3O T3O 3)3 3,"63 3, X3
" ) X)M )' 6S .([ 46 *\ " 6 , 9S\ 2 .
8-9-3 :
- : -, 4 Q .

. )* : BTU -3, 3 43 33 , 33
) 252 = 1 BTU( .
4J -) : 6 X! 6) ) [ 4J X) " ) 46
4 4J5 O ( 6 24 4J) = . 12000 BTU
" ) ! S ! * -4) :
= 4J 1)
BTU/Hr 12000
= 4J 1,50)
BTU/Hr 18000
= 4J 2)
BTU/Hr 24000
= 4J 2,25)
BTU/Hr 27000
= 4J 3)
BTU/Hr 36000
= 4J 3,75).
BTU/Hr 45000
/
107
)?

U9 ) 3
\ X+-
109
4
)?
U9 ) 3
" !)J u P, NEC B\ Branch Circuits 6 33 B )3R 3, 3B -3
.(Load) X ) E E+ K2 , B 4+ ) 35
333 CB X333 E333Z ( Load X333 4)333 E333 -333O K2333333 333, B333 -333\3336
E3Z Distribution Boards E3 E3+3 " Main Panels 3 323s 3 \ 36
5 E k " )U2s ! -U.
4 , 4 46:B
: B2s \ Branch Circuits 6 B 3)3 43 3 36, -3 3
6 )) 4" XQ u .......(
< :d B2s " Main Feeders B ) 4 6 - 6
.6, -
\ M , 6 E+)" , 46J , 4! ! M3 3\, Load3
3 3 3 Load ! 93 k)3T 3 Y3) 43" X33 3 3) 3N 3
u . ( 3 3, 33 [ ) 323 3 \ 3, 3+\ X3+ 3!, ( 33 Load 3 3
5 3 3 33 36O 36 X3U3 3M3 " 3, 3" X3 '3M 3 33
\ T" 46 + , . k)T
2 \ ES! X+ Q: 4
@L R E M 6 E+ B\) 6 B X( .
@L < 42 \)5= Y+, X+ @ 4 E+ 3 B) 3 43
33 33B 336, 33 336 X33 33 33B . ( 33SB 33ZZ 336 X33U33)5 : 33
)5 X3 X3 3 3 [ 3 33)5 )3 3, 3, 3O 3 X3[ 33
33)5 X3333 /33 33 CBs ! 33+ 33=33)5 33 X33"O 33B E33+ 33
O.
, -) + ). . (
110
@L : U9 d ) 3

!+ E+ 6 B :
-1 "S) .( ICB) CB
S -2 !* - X I mm2 . ICable M 6
uM! 6 3, 3S3S !* -3 X3 35 3 CB 3")J 36 33 ) 3
( Loads ! ES 6 : 46
.1
= Static 6 XU )[ X Bd(.
Dynamic 6 XU.
.2
K2 ! ES :46
.i 6 XU s )[ X .(u
.ii 6 XU ) ) ,.(-+
,2 QO " ! 6) X.
1-4 3 U9 ) 3

X)M) , E+ B\ 6 I3O3Rd 3 3 " 3)3 " 3 3 I3O636 3
.E+" 43 3T" 3 K23)3 3!)J3 43 3R\3 " 3 3\3
! ) 4, . (NEC K2) :
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
E2s , k!, UB ) [ -2s 3, 3" Q3B

(.
! E2s , X) 6) +\ B[ : X u 3 I3O 3 93
B \ += 2s " 9 5( .
XB 3d 3, ;!3U 3S3 3, 3, I3s3 6 : 4) 33 CB3 93
10) 4 2 *) - 4 3B3 33 36
4 , = G B [3 ES 3B3d 3,3"O O 3)3 23
-)*33Q33S 33M 33s33 CB . X33 33, 33B33d 33, -33+33T Contactor
S \ 9 ON/OFF X " .
B )) Sockets Q "( ED" , B ;!U , S 8A
= ! X ) (CB -)*3 4 . 16A 463 " 33 3M 3 3 3 )3
4", G 4 , Junction Box -N * -Q B Double
X+, , E Pole SW XsU K2 .
E33 -33O,33U !233s 33T" -33 33 43333B 33 E33 33336 433 433 \33
),U d " [ = 2s \ 4B 2s ,U * ( .
X 6 XB = 6, IO Q M 4 %80 46 CB B 5
Load"+ X . +
u+ 6 X" 9 "X+ X X6 [ 6 3 4 !* .
M 6 Wire Rating GS IO ) 4 CB Rating2 .9
1-1-4D 4 ,N +
.9 I33O E33+ 33B33d " 33 3333 33M 336 X3333 33R 33 d33
)33+ Q33 9s33U 3333!, ) 33M (Harmonics33 33 33B 33, G3333
B" ) (B 2s +\ .B E X ,3
6 " , , IS:
.',) X)( = M )+ 6) 1.8(XM
111
\ X+-
6 ) 1.8 EM B "M X S Q - 0.85 46

6 \! 46 Q XsU !,.
.10 33 '3333 u33 33N" Sockets 933P, 33 I33O "33N X33533 33" 33\
>.N
36 .113 33 \ 3 33 \ 433 33 336 3 Sockets 3 X33 33
\ , 46 XU5 = , @*5= .
.12 6 6" 6 4 O Sockets S 50 " 3 X3M 36 36[3
4B B 6, " 3\ 36 33 Phase -3 G33 3 3 3O
4 ', 380 4 4 @25 \ 4 O.
.13 33, 33 33O 33S ) 433 33 G3333 33 33N -3333 336 Sockets
33B 336, 33B233s I33O, 33\ Phases 433 336 I33 33 233533 X33
S Phase O !S \ G 3 Y3R 3 423s Socket 43 3 X3
Phase 6 u Phase2s O 5 , K2 IO3* Q Socket X3
" J 2s.
.14 , 6 M Sockets 16 "3)@3, 3[ X33R) 3 X3 3B
5 B - ' 3N X3[3 43 3 4323
6B , S 9, 3, X3! 3 I3O Q36 3 3
46".
.15 6 6 ) 6 Sockets kB ,S! , !, 36 E150
IO XM! + .5 4
.16 I33O 33 33 33, Sockets 33 * 33 33 33, 33Z33 = 33 433 3 ,
2 .K X) YU
.17 IO6 5 ) (IP) , Sockets 4" K N .
= .18 S , Sockets Q Js) 4B= .
.19 S I! 0.3 4 0.4 4 3N 3, 3B3 4 3SI3
[ * , S 6 1.2 4 1.35.
.20 IO= Q ,S3 43 3!, 3 Sockets kB3"3 631.80 4 3 43
!) 2 3.65 46 9.
.21 33D I3333 Sockets 336 3 !, *33 Q3 " X33 33 -33 33U33 E33
J X5 Q B.
.22 6= Q 6 d 25 X"S 3d 3 36 X3
B B 6, U6 46 .
.23 IO6 ) !* - B\ 63 3B 3 3Nd 3
O Sockets[ + ) .B
1-1-4 - 6E
3,\ X3+ P3, 3 3 I3O 3 36 93 3 433 3 3
6 S B2s E3Z3 43 -3 .3X3U
) 1-4 ( 4 D k!S 4 !U !,O *)\) 6 (+
. \ ,) XUS( 33Z B3) -3 23 3!)J !3U -3N 3"3 =\3 -3
. G
, -) + ). . (
112
: 1-4 XR k!S !U !, -! \

6 2 \ - ) 3 3, -33 3 3, 3 2-4 X3U3
D3 4)3 @ u!3) 36 (3\O kB3\3 3, E 33 "(Sockets ) 3
@ 336\33) 33 33 33 ,33Nd (... B33Z \33 \Q33 33! 33 33
\ . u 36 3D E3 3T3 43 !3 )3 ) \3 Range 3 3Ssu3\O
Dryer K . ED" !* 4 , S - 2-4 XU 3, 3S
\ NEC , D ; .1- ) 3", 3O 3\, . E3 ;3
2 X) 6 XU[ 4) ) A 4 ( F X[ X 3), 3\ 3
[ Type-A ) 3M 3*B 3 100 W) Type-E 3 3 3\O 33) -3S 3M 3 P
150 W C[, ) X' "; u!S2 . s !+ k3!, 3
R . E
\ X+-
113
: 2-4 XR - 6E

XU ;S[ X + 3 3 3d Q 43 3\ 36 X3E3
4 36 ) )+ \ . 2323 3 3, 3D 3-4 X3U23 ) 43 E3 3\23
!S 6 EM B\ 36 323s X33 3 X3 E3MX3
\ X X 6 X) 6 .[ ,B 6 EM2s 6 43 43 ) Sockets3
Double Pole IS ; ( 1- 936 I (6) EM3 33B 23s, 8 E3M 36 43 35
\ 33 K233 433 33633 I33 E336 33T -33 8 EM33 33D 33 433B 433S 33,
Conduit 33233 33 6 4M33 336 8 33\ 336 433 E33 . E33S 336 33M33! G33
.
, -) + ). . (
114
: 3-4 XR E\2 !S
2-4 U )( Static Loads
, = 6 )[ X 3B3d 3S( 3 3"3 3 Static

Loads E5 !* - X I G2 Rated Value) * !)J CB :
*5 : 1-4 E+ =
.1
.2
.3
.4
IS .(Load Current ) IL X

5 = CB! X ! ) 9 4 3 436 ( Rated Current 43 -3
Load :
ICB > 1.25 IL
" + X S De-rating factors Rating Thermal
X .G
335 33 X3333 33 X33 Rated Current) Thermal Rating 33 33S 33,
* !S*) - 2 ) 4 . CB 9 IO B :
ICABLE ICB
3M3
_/ !/ !. 93: .

7
= .1 X Rated Current B) 4 3 Rated Current CB 23 3
*! 4 CB . X
= .2 T CB) 433 3 %25 )3S Load 43T 3= 43S3 -3 CB
X.S
\ X+-
115
.3 B; 3 ( Standard Value ) 3M 3M 3 CB 3 X33 43 Y3
! 4 S! 6 .!S 4O 3M 33* 36 43! 3!)3R) 3
, ! ! - SM X) 6 .M M[ ' ! 3 3S3
CBS M@, 23A M M 25A 4 O * .32A
.423 3O = ;3S 36 3+35 3M3 Short Circuit Capacity3 X3 [3 CB
IO B M )R = @ 5 X+, , CB"*.X
.5 IO EM + X , O X 5 X [ , 3 3
, X 4 6! ! 4 G" X33" 3 X3+\ 3
,QO [ 42 \ X+ G + " U .X "+
< : 1- 4

? CB 5 6 3-Phase Load!? 3? ;9 21kW ?Y
;9 ) ( Power Factor7
3 0.8 / !L? 50 !1 Y9 Y7
Single Core Cable@Y
Y PVC Y Y 5YY3F U Y Y9 9Y
Y ?Y!Y
!L
? 9.I! 415 ? K
:X
M IS -1 :Load
= 36.5 A
21000
3 418 0.8
= I Load
-2 M CB 9 Rated Value 4 6 - :Load

ICB = 1.25 x 36.5 = 45A
M M M , CB K2 . 50A
-3 X Thermal Rating2 E5 36 X 93 I3O @3, 235
=)6 " EM U) De-rating factors + \= X+! ,QO [ 423
\ (X+ :
X" .a + IS ) 0.85 = O .( 2-; 5-2
.b" X +6 IS O = ) 0.69 = (2-; 3 2-23
6 \ X5.
!, Load" ISO !S :
36.5
= 62.2 A
0.69 0.85
.4 I3O 3 33M3 3J" : 33! 3 3 "X3335 G3 33 3J 433 3
O N ", 2 -; 1-2 EM 2 O I2 -35= 93
!* - .X ,2 [ X X5 )J! 3O 2- E3M ( 2-; 3 1-2
O K2*! O \ 6-2 ;3 3O 93 I3S X3 25mm2 3
X2 77A X , !; !6 ) . (ICable > ICB
.5 I3 E3 36 X33+ 4(1 x 25 mm2) Cu : K23 s3+" 3 3 " 33
\ 4 !* - X S . 25 mm2
= ) I L (corrected
= 9 E3 33\ X3 K3 X35 3 3 3O 3, k3!, \3 3P, 93*3
[[ + X IS 6 X X I MK
36.5
= 43 A
0.85
= ) I L (corrected
116
, -) + ). . (
2B6 4 )+ 4 ) 16mm2 X .25mm2 4 = ( 59A X
3-4 U * )(Dynamic Loads
U 2 M,) 4! 6 E+ B Static LoadsM 4 6E3+

B " ) \ , - ).(High Starting Current
Rated Current * IS! " "M , ,"
P
= Im
)( 4 1
V cos
336 433)33 33, Xs33U 33 33D33 ) 433 33[ 33 K233! 33 33S33 )33 Starting IST
Current2 [ S " EZ" M ! *)" 43 S"(4- 3
) . 1 , I)S 2 \ 6 -) 4 \ 4 EB W, 33, 3D
.4-4 XU
: 4-4 XRB W,

S M
...............................4 2
Vsup Emf
Xm
= Im
Emf = k .....................................4 3
6

M \
) 4 9 6S\ P, 6 Im M) S
...............................4 4
Vsup
Xm
= Im
6 M D =\ - 4 Xm MQ 63)P3, ( 3M3 Im)3 3,
=\3 3 I)3S O\3 3,(Vm - Em) 3M" 3 2-4 E3M 3 36 !3S! 3*)"33
" 4 S . 1-4
6! P, !S Rated Current = CB 36! 3\"3 3 )3 43
, EZ ) ( ICB > IST G = \ X+B 6 .XsU
\ X+-
117
1-3-4 M ) 4 e PlateNam
4S M ) , ," 4 kVA Code S23 3 *) 36 363
" , .( 5-4 XR) Name Plate
: 5-4 XR

" " ,2 6S EZ kVA Code O 2-4 4S IST M ,[ .
: 2-4! 6)
kVA Code
(kVA/HP) at starting
A
0-3.14
B
3.15-3.43
C
3.44-3.99
D
4 4.49
E
4.5 - 4.99
F
)5 - ( 5.59
G
5.6 6.29
H
6.3 - 7.09
J
7.1 - 7.99
K
)8 - (8.99
< :2-4
X7/ 9 !! ! /.5-4 ?K
*?:
4 ) , O 5-4 XU 3M 3 3S 30HP 3 460V Xs3U 3 kVA
Code 9 3 3 ) ( G 433O 3O 2-4 KVA/HP!23 X3 Q35.6 3
) 6.29 ( * M EZ 4 4S ) :
118
, -) + ). . (
5.6 + 6.29
= 5.9 kVA / HP
2
= 5.9 30 = 177kVA
=
= 222 A
]ST
kVA / HP
]ST
177 1000
3 460
kVA
= I ST
460
= ) ) 222) ( S ,2 [ *)" 323 3S 34.9
A 6 N ).
2-3-4
= , ) !S " " 5 \ [:X

3? 9 : Service Factor
"* > 6 R +M X 4 [, 9 23 " X33S 1.153
, K", 5-4 XU 4 X2 , %15 X*)" 3 -)* 4 . 9
2 6S " =, 9 N2 ! X [ X K2.)S
! 3@ :Insulation Class
" 3 3 93"* 3R> 3 33 3, 3+M 3 3 3 323
6 Classes ,O ) 5-2\ X+[( 3 X X3
) O = .Q 3, 3 5-4 X3U "Q3 43*)! F 323 155 X3
.
* NEMA Design
4 6O Classes U X S " 43 Enclosure k3
33 33N 3333 33Q33 .33 *33+ 33 3333 National 4336
) Electrical Machine Association (NEMA 9)3U IP *3+ 33S -33
, -\ ".
*5 3-3-4 E+ s+
, -M 9 , 4 S3 s3 3 )3 43 43 43
-M" ! 3-Phase 15HP 4 XM36 u+ 36 33 s3.
*5 E+B ,O : 3-4
*5 : 3-4 E+ s+
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
IS )( IL
IS Starting Current I ST
5 CB .ICB IST
;)J EM + X .
35 3 X33 ) ( ICABLE ICB ! ;3> IThermal-Load ) 3T
).
( ICable3
*); K2! 6\; \ -! 6 !3S -3 3S3 =3 ) 3 [3 (1-4
CB 4 6 . Starting Current
\ X+-
119
< :3-4
YY
?YYYY* XYY YY/ ;9 5HP YY YY 9YY YYYY 2.5 YY YY
YY3 YY , YY
PF=.85 9 V=220 V ? K) ? K7 .( HP = 746 W ) .%90
*? :
5 746
= 22 A
220 0.85 0.9
= IL
I ST = 2.5 22 = 55 A
M CB !; " I ( ICB IST) M .63A
43" 43 E3Z ( ICABLE ICB) 3M3O 3O 2- ; 3 6-2 3M !* -3 I3 X3 ! ;3K23
" M (2 x 16 mm2 ) X2 \) 66A X X X5( .
2 9 IO*); 6 ! + X3 63 3 I3S" X3\ X3[ 3 3
6 O X. X +
*5 4-3-4 E+ )

*5 E+ ,O : 4-4
*5 : 4-4 E+ )

.1 IS ) ( IL
.2 IS Starting Current IST
.3 5 CB ICB IST
;)J .4 EM + X .
.5 5 X . ICABLE 1.25IL IO G2) 43 Thermal
rating S ,* ".
.5 k)N 6 Overload!) M 4 1.05 .
= , ) - *)" 6! - *); !36 3!3
) ( ICable > ICB )++M 2 " T ICable IStarting 43 3623 3
!) +M ,[ .
< : 4-4

? CB * 6 9.
3-Phase 50kW 9 380 V ? YK ?Y9Y.
) (PF = 0.9
9 ) (IST=2.5 Ir) .95% = ? K
*?:
= 93.7 A
50,000
3 380 0.9 .95
= IL
I ST = 2.5 93.7 = 234 A
, -) + ). . (
120
M M CB 4 6! S .250A

9 Overload
= !)J!6 ) S, ( ICable>IST X !* -) ! *)" 3
" X X[ 250A 4 E *)" = "3 93A23 .3!* 3
X *); - ) 36M 35 Icable >1.25 Irated 3 43T 3 !* -3X3
) *)".
I cable = 1.25 93.7 = 117.1A
M !* X M - K 117 4 6) 4 x 50 mm22 3\ 131A X 3 93
*! " ), (X G ISO .2- ; 7-2
42 QS Overload Device ,N 4BQ 4 I3Q3O
- 93 3Q3O 3S 3 36 -3 3\ -3 3 -33 Main Poles 33
Contactors IQO [ 933)6 3 4363 Auxiliary Contacts3, - 93 3
B Start /Stop , XsU ,.6-4 XU
36 9*)3N E3 1.05 IL k)3T!) 3, 323 [3 100 3M 36) 3 43 G3 X3
X3 3 3 3 Rated Current I3 3 ( 250 A ) CB 323 ( 131A) X3
N , *6.
: 6-4 XRB X+, XsU - . Overload
5-3-4S=
33, 33*33 233 33,33O 4-4 E33+ 3333 )33 " 33"33M 33
X) 6 .!* [ ) ' M Starting Current 4 63 Rated Current
XS EZ 4 S= ):6
-1? *
? 93 Starting Current
*) E, . = - X"\ Starting Current) [ 4 X2 X= 93 S Q3
4 X+5 X K2[ S , .
-2 63
!! 3 6 ,) !; I;? 6 CB
\,[ [3 ;S3 3 !3 43 3 93A3 3 CB3 3S 3 3, 250A3
M 4, - X*6 O - 200A K! 9+\ CB =Q ICB 4 XME3Z 4
, *5 6 X 6 , X.
\ X+-
121
" K2P3, 3U 3 )3 Q3 33O 3 3 Over Load (OL) ,3N3
S , M 4 6 . 9 k)T ) 36 9*)3N E33 43 1.05
M *)" B \, P3, [3 200A 3 3 93 Over Load
SU 2 "* X2 = 4 9\U .CB
X7 ? -3 Over Load ? Starting Current

\..... = d) ;3S 3 3 Starting Current3Z 3" YM3 "3 3, 43
Over Load 'M @@ Z \ , 4, EZ 4@ Z ) \.-
? -4 6 6F 63 CBF) Over Load
*)... = - CB ,M 43*6 3 \ . Short Circuits -3 E3 3
, "U O.L*6 ,3*6 3 \5@3 3+\ 93 -3 93 3 '3M3
!3 33 93, CB"D 3!)J X3 3 Z@33 3SJs P3, \3 3M 3,3
, I)S , 2 @ Z SJs X+\ EZ 4 , CB.
O Rd " CBs Q U *6 3 \33, 3
OL ,Nd B M .
7/ 4-4 *? 3!L/
!+ 2s 4 6O , Q3

.!S , K2 4 6 S " 46 4 4 X , :
-1 ) X ) - ( ISt 6 ,. IST-max 6O
-2 ! X 4 ) - ( Irated 6 ! , 4Irated-max 6O
" K2" 46 X *5 E+ ,O : 5-4
M : 5-4 65 X CB" 4 2s k!,
-1S M ) 6O )) ISt (Group2 3 36 933 CB

" ( 4" :
I St (Group) = I St max + DF I rated I rated max
-2 M IS 6O Rated Current ) 2 6 9 X( SB

4 G" :
I rated (Group) = 1.25 I rated max + DF I rated I rated max
;)J -3 EM + De-rating Factors X @ X2 E5K

4 6 Thermal Rating@ T CB S ,* 1- 4 XM
X ,* 2-= 5 -*! 9) .
122
( .. )+ ) , -
3, 3 36 36 93M u3M 3 43 36O K23 I* X"
: 6-4 O IS 6O

DF
( Individual Drives ) 6O I* X" : 6-4

I* X" 6
1
1-5
0.75
6-10
0.7
11-15
0.65
16-20
0.6
21-30
0.55
31-50
: 5-4 <
: ! 3-phase *3!L !/! U
5HP
M 3
10 HP
M 2
15HP
M 3
.(P.F = 0.85) ) 6 X 4! M 4 2.5 = ) )6
:?*
6O , Irated-max - X Irated 4! IS
Irated (5HP) = 7.6 A
Irated (10HP) = 14 A
Irated (15HP) = 21 A -------- > (Irated-max )
:E, 6 M - X )IS
IST (5HP) = 19 A
IST (10HP) = 35 A
IST (15HP) = 52 A
>( ISt- max )
3), .(6-43O I3S )DF = 0.75 3S I3* X" Z
:5-4 O , 6!*);
I Start (Group ) = 52 + 0.75 [3 7.6 + 2 14 + 3 21 21] = 122 A
. 125 122 E! ! 150A XT\ 125A I CB M " 2
O 5-4 O , [ 6! *); EZ
I rated (Group ) = 1.25 21 + 0.75[3 7.6 + 2 14 + 3 21 21] = 95 A
3 x ( 9 [ )\ X+\ 6-2 O IS I X M@, ! K2 6
.( 179A X )50 + 25 mm2
.7-4 XU , " - B XU) + EZ 4
\ X+-
123
: 7-4 XR " [ 5-4

*!( :
.1 4 45 XU XM Q . Over Load
6 .2 + X O )[ X@ Z 3 36 3 3O
( 4 , I)S -*! -, X [ 4.G
.3 S E+ B\ 6 X 4 3 M 336 3,[3
. ;S
, -) + ). . (
124
@L < : 9 6* U

E+ B ,* ) !S5 EZ 4" CB (I X") + = ")
B E+= E@ 4 K2=5 * ZZ)5 :
-1)5 X ) X @ Z O 6 X
.(X
-2)5 ) ,@) Voltage Drop O 4 6 V.D = X"
S (.
-3)5 X X G2 X +M CB -M Short Circuit +MX K
. CB
) E*); K2=)5 6 , k!, SB " *)! [ 6 Bd
\ 6 s+ , 4 = 5 4*)! 6 B\ 6 ' [ ,S
4 X) .
5-4F : *? *
4" EM Rated Current2 X[ ,O X+\ 6-2[ 36 X+
4U K2 "+ \ B N X , " : 3 3
, k3 = X3 k3Q 40 436 3 W 3) 3 3 25 36 I3S (3 3
O X 3R 36O ,3Nd 5 X 35 3M "3T3U .X3 "3+
'7 : ! ) I 9 9
? 63 5K
, K2 IO " X X\S \ IS X" S +
M . ( De-rating Factors ) X
" 1-5-4 + X
6 " K26 4T 6 + X Thermal rating

X I = \ - XZ .XsU
4 K2 ":
*
E + X !)J X O , E! !)J2 O -4 EM

.7
: 7-4 + X IS O
55
50
45
40
35
30
25

0.65 0.76 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.07 1.13
PVC
0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.04 1.09
XLPE
, , X P, + E IS O . 8-4
: 8-4 + X IS
55
50
45
40
35
30
25

0.71 0.82 0.95 1.00 1.08 1.15 1.22
PVC
0.84 0.89 0.90 1.00 0.90 1.10 1.14
XLPE
[ X " s + 5 :
\ X+-
125
g3: 69
X" : 9-4 ;6 +4,

!* -X
;64,
E
Above 300 mm2 Up to 240 mm2 Up to 70 mm2
1.00
1.00
1.00
50
0.97
0.98
0.99
60
0.94
0.96
0.97
80
0.92
0.93
0.95
100
0.89
0.92
0.94
125
0.87
0.90
0.93
150
0.86
0.89
0.92
175
0.85
0.88
0.91
200
* !:
3
X" : 10-4 +! 6

200 150 120 100
90
80 6
C.cm/watt
0.73 0.80 0.91 1.0 1.07 1.12 1.17
" X +
250
L
_ ! !/?
_ :
X" : 11-46 + O !, ,

6 6 X
8-6 5-4[ 9 4
3
2
0.7 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.85
" X6O + !,
" X6O + 0.66 0.86 0.7 0.73 0.8
L
_ * I :
X" : 12-46 + O '
4 ,S
6 B
Spacing 30 cm Spacing 15 cm
Touching
Trefoil Flat
Trefoil Flat
Trefoil Flat
0.91 0.91
0.87 0.87
0.81 0.81
2
0.82 0.84
0.76 0.78
0.69 0.70
3
0.77 0.81
0.72 0.74
0.62 0.63
4
0.73 0.78
0.66 0.70
0.58 0.60
5
0.70 0.76
0.63 0.67
0.54 0.56
6
= , O ;S " X + 6 uM 4 ,S O , : S
) ( Touching )6 E 15 ,S E 30 uMJ 6 T! -N.
_/ :
.1O !SR Y " u!R 4 E 5 4 5
S , !M IO - \ U " " X \
!., E
, -) + ). . (
126
= .2 9 O *); [ X" 4 \ , +P, 'M K2" S

T " , X*)" 4 X X +.I
.3 6 IO E+ X - \ ! " ) !, K ,4 M
O 2 4O " ) 4 K XD u E+
M '\5 M , .
" .4\ \ 4 Current Rating S X X5 , X5
) kB (u!S 5 X5 "; 6 kB 5 K2* X"O
J X! 4 K2* = 5 Cable rating 9 IS X+ K2* [ 4
J 8 \ 2 " IO 9O X I
J! 4 K2* 2 *) -QS 9 " \ ! " )) .K -
; J 2 EM 6 )" \ X) 6[(.
< : 6-4
2
! ; *
? PVC 95mm ,. / I 50 !L !1
*?:
2
4O X+\ 6-2[ O X*)" ) 25 6 W ( N 95mm X ,
268) 4O O 7- 4 " X +! X W 50 0.76
, Thermal Rating2 + 50 6 X S :
203A = 0.76 x 268
268A ,O .
< 7 -4
X7/*? ;
? PVC 240 mm2 ,.!9

/ g3 3 50C
!L
U 80
6.6
*?:
4O X" : 8-4 + S 0.89
4O X" :9 -4 ;6 + 4,S 0.96
4O X" : 12 -46 + O )\ (4S ES 0.7
4O X+\ 6-2[ O X*)" X 435) . X 2 X
D !)J 2
435 x 0.7 x 0.96 x 0.89 = 260A
2 " Thermal rating2 + X[ 4 %60 4 Rating2
O !.
= G' K2 + ' !)J X 2 ,O X+\ 6-2[
S, + E X5 ") X X5 X 4 6
) 4 (X2 > *) - .X 4 D EM + X
.
< :8-4
!, 9 18 9
? 3? 6 .N ; .8 -4 ?K
6, 6 . X7/? * }

_ ,.6 .
\ X+-
127
8-4 XR 18* X!4\ 4
*?:
, -N 46O , 4!, " X 4 +O 11-4
" X -S + 0.7 = !,
" X 4 +0.8 = 4
" X* +! )0.56= 0.7 x 0.8 = (4
[ , X*! [:
" X -S + = 0.66
" X 4 +0.85 = 4!,
" X* +! [ )S ( = 0.56 = 0.66 x 0.85
= , 4*! .4 , 4 \5 IO X X 4 56% X*)" .X
< :9-4
!,
? PVC ?* X ;9
3 300 A
? !9

/
!L
U 80 g3 3 50 C
6.6
*?:
4O X" : 8-4 + S 0.82
4O X" : 9-4 ;6 + 4,S 0.96
4O X" : 12-46 + O )\ (4S ES 0.7
R) 4 S X Rated Current I :

300
= I cable
= 501A
0.7 0.96 0.82
= 9 X X2 G2, 6 4 6 6 )+
O " = ZZ 42 QS X" s6 + O ) 4O 12-4
( 0.7 = 0.63 )+ EZ 4 )+ * S:
300
= 557 A
0.63 0.96 0.82
= I cable
2 " 4 X X ) (557 /2 = 279A 4O X+\ 6 - 2[

O 4 6 4 !* - XS X 120 mm22 I X
6+ . 2( 3 x 120 + 70 ) mm2 :
128
, -) + ). . (
6-4F < : 7! 9L
" @ 4 )5= X X D !)J ,) X;)* G

" 9P, ( De-rating IO@ " 4 G ) , 6 Voltage Drop O
O X 4" ! E! S , %4D *)" , %8
* ) " ,\ .(%6-3
*) 4 , - 6 4+@ 6 4 ) " O ) :
) , k!, 1% )S O> \ R Nd 4) 4SO
.3% )S
" Q Q Z! @U Z \ 4, O
" ) (P = V x I cos P, EZ 4 \ @ , )S> O
T \ , \ .)S U 2 =\ = ) )
N, , 2 =\ , 2, k!, 10% )S " 4 CB"U
K2Q , 4\ X+B , XD 4O " 4K2
Q EZ 4\ - 9 - O 4Q X+ = .4
@ 6 4 ) 46 O! E! S .
4S ) ,@ O J! 4* - :
, . [ ;)* M":
V0 = I ph (R cos + jX sin ) ) ........4 5
= 4 " !S M Voltage Drop@6 ZZ ! Z:X
! .1 R X
.2 Reactance . X X
X" .3! . Power Factor , cos
*) -@ ! Z Phase current B . Iph
, .< ,)" kS 6 )+ !S+
V0 = I ph Z () ........4 6
4) *S ) : )+
R () or V0 = I ph X ( ) ........4 7
V0 = I ph
" M M X M R s2 *! 5 ,
!* -. s+
, .<< U ! 4, S ! Voltage Drop mV
! E"* ,O 13-4 " G ) XJ . X
,O ;S ! E ' " , 2 Core Cable B 1-phase
! E ' " 3 and 4 Core Cable B - 3-Phase D 4 46
K2 , 4 Single core[ 4 . Multi-core
IO6 X 4 9 9 9 IS X "Q
XsU ,O ;S k!, Y ) ( "Q PVC
\ .', 600
\ X+-
129
: 13-4) , , ( mV/km/A ) O B [Z
, .
: 4*)! ' Impedance *" ( Z) X P, p.u )
, 2B6 O 4 R) IS 4":
4-8
Vo= Zp.u x Vline
*!( :
.1
, B Single-Phase V.D S
V = 2 V0 .........................4 9
6 V.D , ) 4 X X5 X 4 .( Load

, B[, Z V.D. S
.2
V = 3 V0 .................4 10
.3
IS , VD 3- phase B 4 )S . Vline
, -) + ). . (

.4
.5
130
= Xcable , X s+ \ ! k!, 2B6! . R

9 U K , . VD
9 7
2 Single
Phase
3
9 7 . 3-Phase
< :10-4
9 *!
9. 100 kVA? 460 V 9 3 . 5% Y ; ImpedanceXY7/
; ! N 3 9L*! * X 6*! . Full load
*?:
= 125 A
100000
3 460
Vline
460 2
= 0.05
= 0.1058 .
VAbase
100000
= Q I ph
Q Z = Z p .u
4 X2 [ *! 4, : 4*); *! [ 2 ! 3 " 4-6 33O 3
V0 = ( I ph Z ( )) = 125 0.1058 = 13.2V

;)* EZ!6 2 ," 4-10
V .D = V0 3 = 3 = 23V
- 4 - 5 X *); *! " *); " : 4-8
5
= V
460 = 23V
100
< :11-4
X7/! 93 9LN
? * Multi-core ,.7 150 mm2800 !N
*? ;9 100A 9.I! 415 ? K
:X
4O O 13-4 ) , 6 O E 150 9"*! ZZ XS . 0.3 mV/km/A
P, ) , 6 OJ 2 XS:
0.3 x 0.800 x 100 = 24 V
" M 4 5.7 % O!. ( 24 / 415) 4

= 415 6 SM 240 6 ! E"* ,O )S S 13-4 Line
R) voltage . T E 3 , EMO T )S 3 , B 3-
. Phase
= T 9 6 4 , 6 B ,P, 9 -4 XU +M)
, O EM -O IS ) ( V 6 ,":
(V 2 , V 3 , V 4 ).
(total ) = V 1 + max of
Vmax
\ X+-
131
: 9-4 XR) ,O

@ 25 M +M 6 V 4[ , - 9-4 XU 6 E EZ
V1 - -O 6 " .
7-4F < :*? ; ; !;

,2 =)5 ) M 6 X X " Q Z *6 K2
Q [ , X -M MsS X+\ CB "* , XB !! . EZ 4IO
@ 4 X 2 J K2 Q .
" d 2 =)5 :
M -1 +M .-M +M K2! 4 IS 5 " Short Circuit
Study U =!.
-2! !+ 4 XZ ! .+*) - IO K2!
4 6! ,) ) ;S(-M +M +M
-2 4\ Trip Time X+ CBS . 6 X+ K2! 4 CB
S .@ IO = Q Z 46 * ! 6 G .)U
4 6 X+! !+ XZ !P + J!:4
5 4 O ! R .
U .
5 4 S !) )R 4 u 5(.
1-7-4 !+
4 S )R O )5= 14-4 M 6 X X ! + ,[ .
< :12-4
;9 *?
? 3 PVC 70 mm2*? ; !; ;9
3 15 kA CB
9 9; ? 6 & .
*?:
4O O 14-4 70 mm X 9 X M +M 14.2 kA K Z u+
! + -M 15kA2, EZ 4 I X X6 9"*! X
. 95mm2 XM
2
, -) + ). . (
132
: 14-4" 4 M ! +!* - X 4\X+
< 13-4

? X. 3*? ; ;9 20kA *
CB 6!
0.5 .
*?:
4O 14-4 D ," O 0.5 4Q M 9 X +M20 4 6
kA 21.3 kA ! ! 120 mm2 9"*! X2 " 9. I -*! XM
2-7-4 R
4 TS +M +M 9 4 X ! U O [X

,= . 10-4 XU X[ * ;S!
OS, M 20 kA - 0.5 sec -J! X X 120 mm2 4 6 *)-
) 150 mm2 X X .( !)J 23 kA
\ X+-
133
: 10-4 XR ! +
3-7-4 S !)
,*! [ 4 +M +M 9S = 4" X !* - ( a ) X ,

"= :
)S -1 X 90 :
...............4 11
a( mm 2 ) = 9 t I SC
)S -2 X 90 :
..........4 12
a( mm 2 ) = 14.2 t I SC
, -) + ). . (
134
- D ,"S 4 kA ) t X+, 4 CB

[.
< 14-4
9 F F .
7 ,. ?
X
; ;9 20kA *
CB 6! 0.5 .
*?:
4" O 11-4
a( mm 2 ) = 9 0.5 20 = 127 mm 2
M !* K2 M -! . 150 mm2
= 5 4 kS* [ Z XT, @ 25!* -.E 6

7/ 8 -4 .
4" ! S S ! + -M M ) ( IS.C = V/ ZS.C

*) !, - " ( V ) O 4 k!, " M , 4 Zs.c Impedance XS
M ! . Is.c + S M ! *! 6 + , -) P,
IO IS= M Impedances 52 ) ( ZSC *! 4 IS
5 * 4 * = *! X+"* X\ N"
*); M S .
11-4 XU[ X )U ! ) D *S -! \ , 'M") [
U , + 4 D 2s Generating Station *
4 6O EZ Distribution Transformer - X E Load
[ 9 -" ).
" *S D [ + 4 2s " ))U J ! , = " [
4 6O 4 6 + Impedances .[ XQO , S 11-4 XUB W,
K2 )U E) , +6 X ! )U Impedance W, . 9)!, kS
M , R X .Impedances
\ X+-
135
D : 11-4 XR2s

) " \ S " M , +6 X 6 )U G S M
!. +
7/ -1 ; 9 XS
4" 6 9 9P, X*62s 4 , !) 9 =3 X+ 43 -3
5 = *5 EZ -, ! .X , S X P, Short Circuits X3 K23"3
M +6 , ' + 2s , N " 11-4 XU "+ M 2s
,) Xsource XU Q 5 'S (Xs 93" 3 3 3" 3MEquivalent 3W,
33+ 336O Reactance \33 33M 233 33+ ,3333S . MVASC K233!33
5 ) ( MVASC 4 + S> 4 63 3! -3) 3, 33 u3
5 !* 4 M M IS ) "+ 4 K 2s !! 3, ) '3!3 !)3
300MVA + , E3Z .500 MVA E33S XS 3MMVASC 3M 3= 3W,
!* K2 4 G":
kV 2
............................4 12
MVASC
= XS
kV M Line Voltage2 -M"*.9!* , X

s5 " !S 6 I+ :
3kVPh2 max
= XS
MVASC
2 " OS T Phase Voltage 1.05 ,!) s[ .
= 9 + 2s M I 4) 4,)6 + , Infinite Bus
" M B = 9 Xs !, EZ 4 2WS \ [.( Short ) k!, k X
S ! E " - ! +[ = , +:
, -) + ). . (
Rs
0.095
0.0675
0.047
S.C. MVA
250
350
500
136
Xs
0.633
0.4515
0.316
7/ -2 ; ; *!

, = X P,! B )! k!,) [ ) . (XT M uM XT
M 6 - 2 ) K2! 6 " [) ES 6
Name Plate 4 EM!) :
= 1MVA 4)6 XTS . 4%
= 10MVA 4)6 XTS . 5 %
"* ! 3"" 3 3M 3 3 3M* 43N 3 3,3 )3S)3 36 3O
" 6 M X X 3 3O! 43 3 3O Us.c \33 36 3M 0.04 43
X !)J 0.07! 4.
2 "* 3+ 3,3O 43 296 \3+ (9/6) E3M 3O[ 3M 33R )3
! " 4W, 4 O\ 4" K2!E3
'5 M 4 XT .W, ,Q3 3 4323 3O ")3 =3 3
[ ".
" : 5-4 " = [ "
;9 *!
)(kVA
! 9L
)(Us.c
50
100
250
500
800
1000
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.045
0.05
. 1
)(Rs.c
) (
70.3
28
8.3
3.52
2.55
1.94
1
)(Xs.c
) (
107
57.5
24.2
12.3
8.63
7.76
; 1
)(Zs.c
) (
128
64
25.6
12.8
9
8
, 6 4 = ) ( N) 6 ! d E W,S )

. (XT/N
7/ -3 ; ;
_
4 + )R EM 6 ) R (X 3 4 X 3 3 "3=
!) . 3 Q3333 33O@33 \33 ! 33) 33 33" 433 3336 X33 "! 3333
! 3,=3 3 3O \3 3 !* -3 3, 2E3 25 43 X3M 43>3M 235
" , 0.07 4 X* k5"3 43 3J 3 X3 3ZZ X33J
, 0.15 4 X3 *3 43 3J 3 X3 .X3 ! 3M I3S3
4 J X"
\ X+-
137
Req = / A
:
A
S !* - X( mm2 ) d

! 6 + X> 36 3M 2353 3
70 X W :
S 21 2E .* 4. X
S 33 2E .* 4.X
33O 33 )33TM -3333OQ Bus Duct 33 X"33S 3 433 =33 X3333 )336
, Y5B 2s SB" 6 4 2s O\ ( 3 X"3S3, 3T
6 " ,) 6 4, ! !)T 36 , !* -3 .s3+> 2353
K2 Phase reactance!)T S ! 0.15 .J X
< 15-4
) 4Q 12-4 XU )R 4 - O\ X5 4 -+ 3 -3) 3SB3
( O\ ) ) -+ ( EZ 4 ESM3SM 23 ) 3 323s "3
) ,) E ( 3) 43 E32s 33 3ZZ 43 3 3,.-3+
* S EM ! 6 + -\ ,@ 6 -+ 3B 2s 3W,3
+ 4 -+ O k 3 2s 3 3O E3Z \3 3 3 3 -33SB
O\ 4[ " 10 M Xeq W, ! W, 4.
*? :
)(1
)(2
4S !)TM 6 + - O SB\

:
" M = Zeq W," D Xeq W, d ! .W,
M != Xeq (1.05 Vph) =+
) 23.1 = 10 ( 220 1.05 )
M " ! M +M)3TM 36 -J -3 K23 3 32 3SB
) .
"33 X3333 433 33" 33SB " 33" 33" *33 33 45
!*" .2E 70 + 150 3
X" > , k!, Z ! + = 3, X533S
! ZZ +J .
! 9.9 = 150 (33 45) = X
= 6.75
" 0.15 45 = X
-J33M 33" ,33NP533 3333! 33 33 33 0.15 33 ! 33"33
" M 3W, 3)3TM 3 -3" 3" 3 19.586 16.9 9.9 3
6 .
M !)TM 6 + - "" =
) 11.794 = 19.586 (220 1.05 )
G2 " !* -! X! , -J "" = 16 ) .
138
, -) + ). . (
- O SB\

""
E 70+1503
E 164
-"
= S
X * 45
X * 25
6 "
""

3.5
E 35+703

N
X * 15
6
2
E 164
""
[
E 104
X * 6
E 253
[
5
Q : 12-4 XR )R 4 - O\ X5 -+
! /P
X * 10
3.5
""
d
M
3
)(3
"333 X333 4333 333" 333" 333" 333" *333 333 15!*-333
2
E 35 + 70 3
! X = ) 4.5 = 70 (21 15
" X = 2.25 = 0.15 15
" ,NP CB SB "" = 0.15
33 ! 33" 33" 33M 33W, 33)33TM 33 -33" 33" 33
24.080 19.3 14.4 6 .
M !)TM 6 + - "" =
\ X+-
139
) 9.593 = 24.080 (220 1.05 )

G2 " !* -! X! , -J "" = 16 )
)(4
" X 4 "" "" *3 3 10!* -33
2
E 25 3
! 8.4 = 25 (21 10) = X
= 1.5
" 0.15 10 = X
0.15
-JM " ,NP XsU
3 ! 33" 3" 33M 3W, 33 3" 33" 20.95 22.8 33
30.964 6 .
M !)TM 6 + "" =
) 7.460 = 30.964 (220 1.05 )
6 ! -JM XsU X)M 4 - 3 43 I3O= !X3

" !* -! 2 ! 10 46 -J ) D 6 9 3, 3+M3B 2s3
P, ! " XS , E 2 !.+
)" (5 X2s d 43" 3" *3 3 6!* -33 10
4 2E
= 12.6
! 10 (21 6) = X= 0.9
" 0.15 6 = X= 0.15
-JM " ,NP5 ! " " M W, )TM -3 33d 3 33.810 20.35 27.00 6 .
G2 M !)TM 6 + - d = 6.832 = 33.810 220 1.05 )
3633 G3 "3!* -3!! 33 -3J 333d = 10 ) 3 333M 33M
"S M!*.-
)33" (6 X33 33233s 33 433 33S 33 -3333O 33SB
\* 25!* - . 2E 16 4
= 32.813
! 16 (21 25) = X= 3.75
" (0.15 25) = X ,NP " JM -5 " ,= 0.15 ! " " M W, )3TM 3 -3 3"3 35.636 13.9 32.813 6.I
M !+ )TM 6 - 3" 3, 3=3 = 6.482 )
G2 "S3 !M X3 -3*! 3 -3J 3" 33 = 10) M "S M M!*.-
4" \ " !* -! 3!) 3! 3, -3J=3 @ 3 3!X3 ! , + d 6.482 46 ) .
J 1-8-4! MVA Method
= , [ ;S S.C. -M M K! IS = O" M

!; 6 J 5 " X K2 S " *! ) *S" MVA- S
Method K2*! ' U " " N *5 . I
140
, -) + ). . (
!,
* , K2*! S 6 4 +6 X M M )U :
9! 7 *!F *:

D K2" M ! ) (Rated power " B , 94 4
K2" " X pu , P, " ) S M
K2"
MVAraterd
= ) M ( gen, motor , transf
X p.u
_
7:
, Is " "3 3, E3M 3!3 3 43, G23 I33
" S M M :
(KV L )2
) Z C (
= M cable
!, <
,* ES ! 6 M E! W, :
.1! 43 36O W,3 M 36 33 I3S 36 43+ E@33
)" M E + O )O . (E
M EM .2 6 " X 6 4 .
!, <<
*); !6 !S + 4 2s *6 Generators and Motors *! KO"* X3
, X+ !* "* X36 3 \ @3 "3S 3 M 3M 3W, 3 '353
!* "* X \ MVAs.c S ) 6 "* X2 Is.c 96S
MVASC
3 (kV ) 2
= I SC
kV *! "*.X

< 16-4
, 13-4 XU* IS! M MVA_method ! + 6 -M DB -
)" 46 200 ! . 5 MVA
Trans.
DB
Cable
0.01 ohm/km
X = 0.05
11/0.38 kV
: 13-4 XR [ 16-4
- X+\
141
: ?*
300 S N, M ( MVA_Source ) )U +! S M \IO ) ,
S> X)M 4 " +! S IS 5 M 4 -)* MVA
.M* , )U K2 -!
: +6 X ) M EM -N )EZ
M1 = M_source= 300 MVA.
M2 = M_transformer = 5/0.05 = 100 MVA.
2
(
KV )
0.38 2
M 3 = M _ cable =
=
= 72.2 MVA
X c ( ) 0.01 0.200
: 14-4 XU , k!, M [ B E 4
16-4 [, W, B : 14-4 XR

M M P, 6 M EM - [ * , N 6! !)J
. 6 " 4 IS W,
1
1
1
1
=
+
+
M eq = 36.5 MVA = MVASC
M eq M 1 M 2 M 3
I SC =
36.5
3 0.38
= 55 kA
? < 9 -4
- 46 ") 1MVA S O - 2s X I -*! IS

: @6 .15-4 XU , 350 ,S
MVA base = 1MVA
MVASource = 300 MVA
ZCable= 0.014
& XT = 0.05 p.u
240 mm2 "*! PVC ', 380 XsU) 6
.W 50 X+ , X , E 9
, -) + ). . (
*?:
= Load
142
: 15-4 XR[ XU
= 1500 A
1000,000
3 380
= IL
4 X+\ 6-2[ O X , (240mm2) X S 360) 2 "

6 4 6 6 ES
1500
= No. Cables
5 cables
360
, , X 4 X K2 S 300) k!, S
).(1500 A
X S !S S u\ " ! , 4\ 2 E6 @ =
+ \ E+ X 96 IO =)5 [ Z R ! :
-1 *? *
S5 O 6 X IO, !, " M + X 4 X
O 8-4 , K2 S 0.75 " X + 4O 3-4S
0.76 ?* EZ 4* ?
? XL F@63 9
360 x 0.76 x 0.75 = 205 A
X E+ !)J X 300 9) 5=, J5 IO 6
8 [ 5 4 = -.
, K2 X , Thermal RatingO X XS X" !)JO "
O )S ( 0.76 4 = 0.72 :
360 x 0.76 x 0.72 = 197A
, 8 X, 4 X [ Q 9 4 S , K2 (
) 1500 / 8 187) 4 XM Thermal RatingO ) ( 197A EZ 44
! X =)5 )5 X .
-2 ! 9L
, IO )5 +M) ,J 6 O X IO= Q . 4% 464
O O 13-4 ) , , O !* 240mm2 -S X ', 0.27X E
\ X+-
143
) .2 " ) , , O O 350 M 187 K) ,X
4 X[ S:
0.27 x 10-3 x 187 x 350 = 17.7 Volt
)S,) , OS

15.1/380 = 4.6 %
4 6 %4S 2 " [ ) 6 E QO=)5

[.
" IO *); !6 :
" O = I" ! )S ) x E) N, )S* (
*); K2!6
4 .6
No. of Cables = 8
= 10 cable
4
-3 *? .
! )5 5 4 QO @ 5 !* - X6 5
)5 X ! .+ 9 T S ! SCC -J S . -
5 4 E 6 *5:
7/ -1 !7 /! 93 .!
!, : M IS ! SCC -J \, K2 IO \ "*X

6 -M Bus Bar SB " "* X 2W ) P, 4 -M"*X
, -M" 6 !* 5 " 4 @), BB ! + M XM E 9S2
" 6 E+ \.
!, < M IS : +6 X MB :
M1 = M_source= 300 MVA.
M2 = M_transformer = 1/0.05 = 20 MVA.
(KV )2 = 0.38 2
= 29.5 MVA
X c ( ) 0.014 0.350
= M 3 = M _ cable
E EZB )U W, + 4 2s -N"* X ,.16-4 XU
16-4 XRB )U W,
144
, -) + ). . (
!, << M IS : M 6 E" ) W, IS , E , 6

( .
2 Meq \ MSC S ) .6
Meq = 11.46
!,
:S M ! 6 + ) CB (X
= 17.4 kA
11.46
3 0.38
MVASC
kV L
= I SC
M XM@, EZ 4 ! SCC -J . 20 kA

= 6 +M3 43 BB3 3*5 363 K23!35 3 3 103
6 X, 9 E X!) 1.7 kA 3M 3s3 3 X3 )3SX3
2 E5 (240 mm2) K !.+
-1
7/ !7 _
.
) 33 X3333 33 ! I33O, 33+ \33 !M -33N 33, 33+ 433 I33 33X33
) 6 ( 933@, E3Z 43 ==3 3 ! 3, 3+3 3" 3 3 )23B6 X3
" M X ( )+ !5 + XS
300 20
= 18.75 MVA
320
= M SC
= K2! 4 5 " U 5 X X2 9 , k3!, Short 43

) X X2 E5 X3 (240 mm2) K23 3 35 43 3 3 14-4 43
5 " . 11-4
4,O O 14-4 240 mm2 X 4 X 48 kA Z u+
-M +M +M 18 kA !, EZ 4 X2 =)5.
= !)J" OS, 10-4 X -*! XM ! + -M
a( mm 2 ) = 9 t I SC = 9 0.5 18.75 = 120 mm 2

@ -*! 4 XM X2 E5 (240 mm2) K 23, > 3 3 3O 23
=)5 O .
145
\ X+-
, -) + ). . (
146
)?
/! U !

\ X+
147
)?
/! U !

33,\ X33+ ;33S" 336 33,! 336 E33+ 3333B Branch Circuit 336, 3333B
2s ++ X 3 3 23 43 X33 =3 3 . 3-)*3
43 336O X3, K2333 E3323s 433 33 E3Z Distribution Board 336, -3 E332s33
6O \ 4 6 Switch Board 36 -33 -3"2s3 3 3,
4 - SB )U X+ O.k
!+ E+ \ 6 " 5 CB" 33
5 !* - X" ,Nd - X5 *! . X5
6 , E+ T IS* 2s 6O " \ .623 E3 3
" , 962 \. X+
2 \ ES! X+ ZZ Q:
@L " \ X E+ -\.6
@L < R E J! S X " ,3Nd 3!3 E[43 36 36 3
X)M E+ !R E+ " " 6 [ EZ E+ "3) 3
.*) -*S 4, - -T ,\ X K2U - , Q3U X 36
BQ 6 Q2 U 3!, K3 46 3U 3 M3 3\3+
G W \+ .
@L < )R E+ Y+, 5 -" U [ E+3
" 6O [ EZ N )R E+ 52s .-+ 6O
, -) + ). . (
148
@L : U!/ ) 3

!; 1-53 93 U!/ ) 3
M 6 6 IO) 6 6 -O B\ , 6 -\ 6 4 K2!:6
.1 d S 4 .3-Phases
, .2 ;!U Ss+ 2s - u d "43 3
ES! G Light Section : 4SM ESM .Power Section
.32s 4 E 3-Phase X 4 X d. 10 kVA 4 XM
, .4 ) ) )5 !* , XQ X3+ 3 (100 kVA 3
,) d 9P, E -O , u \ ! 46 + Q.
, .5U6 ) *3 X3+, E33 3d 436 Lighting3 3 "3
S 36 3S @3 !3 Power\ 3+ 436 3T3 u33
)+ ZZ 4 : M ) u ! 9 XT\ ESQ(.
.6\ X33T 33, 3B) 33)33 33 3!, 3333 433 Q33 \, 33 X3+ X3333
Y33 X33 33 336 43333 -33\Q33O 336 433 Q33 ) 3333)6 X33! G33
\ X .
.7 B , X 4 [ Z ) !S B 2s = ( E
, "O3 \ 3+Y/! 3S !Y, E3 323s *! 3 436 u32s3
" )= 4!.
.8 IO = !M X 2s " 436 [ !R X3 3S ! 3!)JWatt/m2 36
K2 !U ! 6 ); , 6\ X+[.
= .9Q 6 B\ , 6 36 46B.
.10 IO6 I 4 ,N CBs) )!S2s 4 .Spare
.11 4S T S , ) 5 = (CBs 4 EM I5
.Space Only )!S
.12 IO@ S - .-
.13 IO= ! X)" 4 )T! Phases 3, -33 E3 2.54 436 3I3O
= ! X ,S 4 Q > , .E 2.54 46
.14 IO E - 6 9[ ) Z 3 (3- Phases3 3M - E3 3d
) M 4 .Symmetric Distribution XZ -
6 " R, 3- Phases X PhasesQ [ 436353", 4 "3
4 - @ Phases ! X3B 433 Phase 36 3 33 Phase X3M 3
2 X+ Q " .Phase Balance
.15 X 3S " 3, 3" X3 '3M 3 3\ 36 I33 X)3 36 . Phase[3
u@, > 25) , k!,S 3O 3 363S X33+
.
.16 CBs) ) ( 100A 4 6 ) ,S Q ,N k)3T
M 6 4 XM! " X) 6 . D[ 3 CB! 100A 36 43X3+\ 9*)3N 43
63A 6 Trip .80A
.17 S! 3=3 3 CB3 3 Frame Value 3M 3S \3 k)3T3 CB3 Trip
P33, Value 33M '33\5 k)33T 4336 33S! 33= I33 33P, 33 K233"33 336
3 ) 93) 100A (80A3S 33 3 3 3M 93 CB 33S 93 100A
S X5 K2B .k!, 80A M 6 J)T
" .18 - S M d 4 3-Phases E5 X 3SB23s
G25 CB ! !)J SB 3, Phase Current 6 93[E3 3Z
4 S 3-Phases .
, .19 ) 6 = M O \ 4 X33
" \, K2 E5 !* - X" 3 3 3"* 336 X3M 43
\ X+
149
-3 ! I3 3S23 43 3"36) 3 3 = 3 33
(X ; 3 EM .
, .20 6 IO " \ 4 \ !*.-
.21 E k3!, Multi-core 2E3 240 -3*! 3" 3 G3 I3O3 3
T Single-core " 6 " X.
.22 35 3B3M 3M 33M 43 336 33S )3 X33 3 (CB33O 3O K233
! M 6 5 ' ! ! M) 4! E X) 6 S[
20A 9M CB 5 ' ! 3 3S3S 14A E3 D 15A3 )3 3
O ! 4! .S
7/ 2-5 *? !/
, X! 6 + ;S ,\ X+ -' * B S Rated

Current B G S " - XB M X3 3 6," 933,
. U 65 !* - X" 5 CB" 3 -3 : 3 &Y
6*9 9 5 Rated Load!/ .
3,)3 323 4 3 Rated Load 33)6 3 3O 436 3 23s 43 K233
Total Connected Load, TCL2 M 3" 3, =3 3, 43 3 35 = 3M
" - X 2s 4 K2 , 'M 5 , 63+")3, E3Z 43
M 4 9=+M ES 6 ! ) .
4 *, X)M5 CB" X" 3 3 3 X3 3+3)
3 3 3O X33 Total Connected Load 3S 3O 43 3" )3S 3
) 33, 33 .33 u33 K233 )33S33 I33S \33 33, 33S E33+ G23333 I33S
2s 4.
1-2-5 X !)J + NEC
) NEC ! ( ") d 3 ") 3) (Q3k3!, E3ZZ 3Ss
) Demand Factor, DF IJ X" IS 43 XM ( 3 3! 33 u3
S R) -O, XO 6 d " Ss X" 25* , I=)6 G
,O : 1-5
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
M : 1-5 6S " , NEC

O IS d " . Ss
") X" M* (DF) I 3O 4 3000VA 3 !3S3S
) . (DF=1
" J 3O 43 3000VA 3 3, 3S*3 3)" 1- E3M3
X DF)! S . 0.35
3, 33 u333S Dryer u33\O 333T )33R 33
4* 6 !S)6 ) ( DF = 1 X+ 3S
X.+
E33335 X3333 CB"33 33 336 X33 33+33 433*33
" IS! 6:
1 - Find : ILoad
2 - Choose ICB > 1.25 ILoad
3 - Choose ICable > ICB
N K2! 6 E5 I) W ,, X) 6[3 3, "B3R 3
, s Y5 , ,= .
K2! = , !)* 6" X +) X I3O " X33 3")J 3, 93!6
2s X) 6 , [ M , " X*Demand Factor) DF I3
150
, -) + ). . (
( [ d S = 4! , K2\ 4 .! 6 !3S43
") " 9/" = IO ! X X.96 +
2-2-5 X !)J + Total Connected Load
K2*! [ 3", 3 3 E3 3, E3+ 3 ;!3U 3S 3 !3S 3
6S X I . Total Connected Load2 " IS3O
!! ,3 E3 323s 433 E3Z 3 X33 CB3 4)3 3M 3623
X . 4 [S G ;!U s! S , "U \ \, K2 3
)33+33 E33+ 33633 33 Total Connected Load33+M "33 Q33 !33U 33
.
, X IO " X"! X*; 6 K2*! X)3 3", [3 = [3 43
-O - u = , W, 4 " \ , 'M EZ 4 IO ).
3-59. /! ?/! 3 /F
3, 33 33 33U 33 " 3333 G3 3333S 33 . !33U 433 K233"3
3 G3 E3+ 3! "3= -3 363S 3 ;)3 3 3, 3\ X3+[3
!)J ):+M , :( NEC
d ) 15W/m2\ - , 30 W/m2 6 ) ,(
" ! = . 3000VA
Ss !) . 1500VA
\ . 8000VA
u\O Dryer 5000VA
u 65-60 .- X
6 K2" G X! !U ,[ .
< : 1-5
X7/*? 9. .K 200 /7
:
,
.1 . NEC
,
.2 . .TCL
*? :
F*?
, . NEC
6 ! U P, O * IS! 6 NEC ) 33)6
" X! =: (kS) 1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
d
"
Ss
u
\
u\O
@,
= 3000W = 200 x 15
= 3000VA
= 1500VA
= 12000 W = 60 x 200
= 8000 VA
= 5000VA
= 5000W
= :S Xd " Ss
(3000+3000 + 1500) =7500 VA
:Z X! :
3000 x 1 + (7500 3000) x 0.35 + 12000 + 8000 +5000 = 29575 VA
\ X+
151
X3 , 3 3+!3 K23 - !3U23 3 3 936 X33 CB" 433
-\ 6 -S .29575 VA
YY/F 9YY F &YY _YY YY YY; IYY 9YY/ 6YY UYY9YY? YY) >YY. YY YY ( &YY
*
7 .
*? 9.
, .*? X ) :( TCL
, K2 P, XS !U O , !U
3000 + 3000 + 1500 + 12000 + 5000 + 8000 = 32500 VA
= \ ) 4*!.4
4-5 /! U! 3 /
,2 [ \ " , ! 43 3 E3+ 3, 33
! 3,[3 ;3S6 X3S 3P, E3Z 43 3 E3+ 33O 3\ 43
S X! .
< 2- 5
/! U!
.K/ .
9000VA
d
3000VA
"
3000VA
S
1500VA
1-
3500VA
2-
12000VA
, )(3-phase
2200 VA
3) u! X(
*?:
2 [ 46 u[ , ;S " . E+, EZ 4 B
.2 " T ,3Nd - 335 !* -3 X3" 335 3 CB" 3
\ 33 -33Q33 33 336 933[ 33Z 33 G233 k33* E33Single Line 33
.Diagram, SLD2 9 " -)* E E+ B\ 6 X 6 X =.
!, : U9 ): 3
BS B\ , OS 6O .2-5
: 2-5 B\ , 6[ 2-5
Cable
Cable
Rating
!*-
CB
1.25 IL X

B ) ( IL
6 B
!

X
25
2*2 mm2
10
6.25A
5A
)8 (L1 :L8
9000/220
=41A
d
32
2*3 mm2
16
)2 (P1 : P2
3000/220
=14A

"
40
2*4 mm2
25
18
14
)1 (P3
3000/220
=14A
S
52
4*6 mm2
32
22
18
)1 (P4
12000/3*220
=18A
,
152
, -) + ). . (

32
2*3 mm2
16
)1 (P5
1500/220
=7A
1-
52
2*6 mm2
25
20
16
)1 (P6
3500/220
=16A
2-
52
2*6 mm2
32
25
)(2.5xIL
10
)3 (A1 :A3
)2200/(220
=10A
u
= 6 5 CB " E3 93P, [3 Ss E335 3 CB23 3M 93
R) 6 4! * X 5 ! 4 6! ) ) X)3 6[3 3,3
" 33 10A 433 =3 16A 335 3333 *33 33M (9A 433 k33!, 336 I)33S 3333, 33
! 6" 9 IO5 M M M 4 6 S ) X (CB3O 3O
K2! M 6 ' ! ! M) 4! E , = S K2 43 363
4 6 XU s ) S [( 2 " " 3 33 3
Starting Current EZ 4 IO CB!.4
R " , = O!* 2 x 3 - 9 = O!*. 2 x 2.5 mm2 -
!, < 7/ : *? ) 7/ *3 X7? .N XN
:NEC
Total = 9000 + 3000 + 3000 =15000 VA
!, << 7/ : *?
,NEC .
+ 35% (15000 - 3000) + 12000 + 1500 + 3500 + 2200 Design load = 3000 x 1
x 3 = 30800 VA
= X* +! S TCL ) 38600 VA3O 3 X33 3 3,
( @S \ 4*! = M 4") ) 6 9 ) 4N X[ 4 XM K2 !U 33
" ) S, ,) , X ) E S *! . NEC
!,
:! @ /
6 -3 B\ 36 363 Phases[ 3 3Z3 E3M3 !3T 3) 3
6 S B X E [ ZM S( ,O .3-5
!, : 7 CB
? ! :6
U ,.
? ! Y
CB Y ; Y3 Y3 Y YY 3-Phases YY IY
9L g
7 7 . 62A
I CB = 1.25 62 = 77.5A CB = 100A
ISO , 3-2\ X+[ X I
ICable= 4 x 35 mm2
\ X+
153
: 3-5 -Q [ 2-5
Phase-C
Phase-B
Phase-A
Load
L7-L8
10A
L4-L6
15A
L1-L3
15A
d
P1=8A
"
P2=8A
S
P3=14A
P4=18A
P4=18A
P4=18A
,
P5 =7A
1-
2-
P6 =16A
A3 =10A
A2 =10A
A1=10A
62A
57A
58A
u
Total current per phase
2 , 9 6 Q 4 9[ Z " X! 4 phase 4 35X3+ 3

! EM 4 . 3-phases
!, 7 : U >,! SLD / ,.1-5 XU
: 1-5 XR SLD , B[ . 2-5

< 3-5
!, 7/ *? .K 3 ?K 3!L/ 9L . 4-5

? CB! ! /! .
*?:
2 , 17-u+O 4-5[ X "* ) + 6 43 3
33 phase[ 33Z 33\33+ " 3333*5 X33[, 17-u33+ X3333 @33S \33 33M33
= J -O X X E+ phase X3 CB"3 43 36) 33 3, 93
[ Z - E K2" X5O \ 9S ,O .4-5
154
( .. )+ ) , -

3-5 [S : 4-5
E
B EM
6\
X M
Ph-C
:XsU
415/240 V
Ph-A
X
1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

6
6
10
1-
11
2-
12
3080
S
13
3960
,
14
u
15
u
16
2200
u
17
1200
J
18
J
19
J
20
k!, ,
21
k!, ,
22
Ph-B
1100
1100
1100
1760
1760
1540
3520
3960
3960
2200
2200
1200
1200
13740
14400
14400
Total Phase power
(T.C.L)42540
Total connected load
14400/220 = 65.5A
Max- Current per phase
82 A
1.25 IL
CB = 100A
Cable : 4 x 35 mm2
" X CB
\ X+
155
< 4-5
9L 5-5 ! @ ! /! / 3 9/ ! .
*? :
: 5-5 6,
= , O 5-5 EO" , ,2 O \ 3, "36 3 E3+
33, "33 \ 4336 33+33 B\ 336 ! -J33 33SB X33 33SBJ! 33 9335 33
J G2! [)' [) " 4" 5 \.
, -) + ). . (
156
5-5K? 93 ? !/ !
4 N @ 6 B - S M d 6 9[ .Z>S :

2 QO 4 5 " E+ *9 ! *? 3 9/ <_ Y
< 6! 66 2 S,6 96 I U 4:

9/ -1 93 @
! 6 Phases<_ ! 6 =Q V2 / V1 )S IS:
V1 : Positive Sequence Voltage
V2 : Negative Sequence Voltage
V1 =Va + a Vb + a2 Vc
V2 = Va + a2 Vb + a Vc
)(5-1
)(5-2
"3 43 3M X3! E3 !3S 3 E3M 3= I3S 3 Phases[ (Va ,Vb ,Vc ) 3Z3, 3
"333 1-5 4 2-5 333, E333Z 4333)3336 K2333! 43336 E333333 *)" 333 333 )333S333
33, Unbalance . )33U\33 ( Negative Sequence Voltage ) V2 33M 33 33)33
S" , )U S *)" 3 = 3 3!* 3D= 3,36 3 Q3 -3
.
-2) 9 ,. *! 4, " O [ Z k3"3 3S
D \ ' Z O =O ) O )O ( 3S \3
,) 2-5 XUS( .2 " = 9 k5 6 Voltage Drop NeutralO, EZ 4
!* " S \ . EM '\5 XU) 4 9[23, 3Z 9@3R 43 3, I)3S
3 3 ) k35 3, In 33 ) Neutral 3, 3 2-5 X3U 36 Voltage drop ))3S (43 k3
\ *! ,".
: 2-5 XR " , - XZ .XZ

2 =\ , X"O 4 O 4 Phases[ Z 4 Neutral 4 XM! ! 323
=\ , O , I)S\ M )2 .( P = V x I
- D 2 =\ 4 9 "U CB B 93\3 ) k3S@3 \ -33 43 [3
3A ( 4A 33 E33Z 433 433 >33 33 K233 33 33 J 33 3333 E33 X335 Q33
5 M G". Constant Power Devices @ ,
-3 4U X5 T) ; 3N, , Power Loss 3 Phase X33S 100
) \ ! Phase X XS 0.1 2, " \! ,! S:
3 I2 x R = 3 x (100)2 x 0.1 = 3000 W
N, : X 9[ ( 100A+100A+100A) Z " k3!, Phase-A ,
) 2B", (XZ X )+\! ,! S
2
2 x I x R = 2 x (300)2 x 0.1 = 18000 W
)= N\! 2 , , K2 , X Phase-A X33B
5 4 k5 X" 2 ) 3 = K3S \3 3, 3 33 X3 3)3
\ X+
157
S \) 300A Phase= .( 2 , N EZ 4 \! ,! , 3 3s

u6T ! \! , X.XZ
-4 4U X5 "M * !?
9 6@ 36 E3+ 3 9 6 X3
" EZ 4 4 Phases[. Z
< 5-5
* 3S ! 3!3+ 3 3 B\ 36 3, 3B 3 36, -3!3 2s 33
! )* , \ 5 d 2 S ! !3+ 3 3B " 33
s2 *)@ 9 J 2s 3@3 36 '3, 220 3 * )3 3 363
:
-
6 , 3 ZZ BJ ! 12 . X

6 ZZ Z 3J ! 3 "M X .5@ 0.8
6 2 J ! 2 .
6 \ 2 J ! 2 "M X .5@ 0.7
6 ZZ 4O6 2J ! 3 "M X .5@ 0.8
6 2 TT J ! 1 "M X .5@ 0.7
d [" X )+ 200 , M 18 Q ) 4
"M X 4S . 5@ 0.95
*?:
E2s 4 X Q 4 !S 5 6, @ !3 3 E32s 3 33d 433
5 , S ! 3, 43 43 X3 K233 3 43T 3S 3 3!3
!+ " 2s *)@ :9
!\ 4 = 18.23=(1 380 1.732 ) 12000) ! [ 4 = 5.7 =(0.8 380 1.732) 3000) !S 4 = 9.09 = (1 220) 2000) ! \ 4 = 13 = ( 0.7 220) 2000) ! 4" 4O= 5.7 =(0.8 380 1.732) 3000) ! 4 TT =6.5=(0.7 220) 1000) ! 4 d @ = ) 7.04= (0.953801.732) (22200) -3 33D 33 33*33 43333 Phases[* 33Z! 3 433T33S )!33 33d( 433
O 4 X! \" \" , Phases[ Z ,QO 433O 3, 6-5
4 ZZJ ), [ " 4O d( 2s 433 Phases[3Z
S EM , Phases ,QO [ \ 43O 33S E3M 433
3-Phases 2s *)@ 9 4 NQO , 5O:
158
, -) + ). . (

: 6-5 - [S Z
Phase-3
P
Q
kW
kVAR
--2
2.04
1
1.02
Phase-2
Phase-1
*?
P
Q
P
Q
kW
kVAR
kW
kVAR
2
-2
- 7
2
2.04
--) *!
--1
1.02
*

9 / 3-Phase :
-12
-12
-
2.25
3
2.25
3
2.25
<_
2.25
3
2.25
3
2.25
6 L
0.48
1.47
0.48
1.47
0.48
P
5! !L / 3 Phases<_ :

8.04
23.47
7.02
22.47
6.00
!L 3? Phase
12
3
3
1.47
22.47
EM 43 Q P !3S 433S E3M)3 3 Active 3 3 Reactive Phase X3
9M" ) :
!,
)IReal (Active
(Iimg) Reactive
.9 )(I
Phase-1
102.136
27.273
105.715
Phase-2
106.682
31.909
111.352
Phase-3
102.136
36.545
108.477
E33M 33= 433)33 33 33,33 3-Phases !3 S33S E33M) 3333 33 33,33 Neutral
9M" ) M 4 Symmetrical Components :
) !! = (Inr)Real Part
1.742 = (36.545 31.909)0.866 + (102.136 + 106.682) 0.5 102.136)
) = (Ing) Imaginary Part
3.017 = (102.136 106.682)0.866 + (36.545 + 31.909)0.5 27.273)
! " ) 3.484 = (In)
_/:
!; EM X! 6 !S2s X *)M X 3\ 3,) '3M3, 3
( IO 25 K2! E@ E+ B 3,3 3, X333, B
6d \ [ X
= * - s -)* IS s . X
U .!. 9. !/
33633S ! E33 !33S 33N, -3333 " 33, X33 '33M ) 33\ X33) [33 33 33SX33
* ( 36 43 !3 X3 3 323s *@ )3P3, 93 3" 235 )3 43 3,
O , 5 - 3\ X+[ 42 ,=)6 P, ! E!+ )+ .
\ X+
159
-
, 28.8 = 12 60 + 12 80 + 12 100

[ 7.2 = 3 60 + 3 + 80 + 3 100
S )6) 2 2 " 'M2 ( = 4
\ 3.6 = 2 80 + 2 100
"4 = 3 80 + 3 100 4O 5
TT 1.8 = 1 80 + 1 100
d 4.4 = 4.4 100
G23333 !33 !+33 33 X*)33@ 55.2 = 933 68.41 433 =33 33,=33
*33 33+ E33 2335=33 *33 @33 33J E33+ 33 33 33 336
= \ ) .
160
, -) + ). . (
@L < : U!/ !

*33 33" 33=33 433 -33 E33+33 \@ 336 336\) 3333 33d !33-
u*( E+ -" X 4 K2 6 X .
M U s 3\ 3 3 36 33 2s 3 3,3 \ 43 363
[ Z 6 -O K2 ,2s \ 63 3M 3[ 43 33
" . X33M 33 X33 433 3333 33 !33S 3333 2s33
33633R E33 33 9\ 33+
\ \ 4 6.
6-55 !/ !
M2s ) Feeder 4 2B6 S3 )P3, (One-in-take 3 X336

9 S, 200 kVA 43 2s Two Feeders 3 (Two in-take) 3S 3 X3
P, 400 kVA 46 > S Q 3S Y+ G 3 3 3, -3N )3
5 ) ) )U k" ) : D! E !)* !S' M 4 u35 3
4 XD) ( X) ", .[ P, + u+) * M3B
6 :
) ! S 200 4 XM.. )) ( . E2sX3 9
33ZZ 33 336 \33 ks33N )33R 43333J"50 " '33, 220 / 380
.Q E I X5 ,) ) , (9 3 k3 -3
5 ).
) ! ) 200 4.. . 500 4 XM.. )) .(k
) 33 33 !33 ) 500 433 33.. . 1000 433 X33M.. ))336 33(.
* I K2 4 6) 5 ,=3 3 X35) 3 3
K2 ,s 6 3-5 XR IS -3! 3O RMU 311) k3
22 (', .
X
k
5

RMU
X \

I
) I S
4 45S
(,s
ksT
\
5 X
X5
, 3-5 XR

) ! ) 1000 4.. . 2000 4 XM.. )) )(.
) ! ) 2000 4.. )) Q(.
Q " R - ,*! , @U) @ 4 ,*2s 3M 3)3
E X2s = ,s " GU ! \[ - X3" 4S!3 Q3
U .
\ X+
161
"S ! SC Capacity +)! k 2s X)3 3", [3 3,
M 500.. .3 3 23s ! 3 93 CBs -3J X33 = 3+M
! 22 4336 X33 33) .33 33 33 33M 1000.. I33O, . 3333 233s 93333 CBs
X = +M! 45 46 X ) 2 M IS " 2s K2.
Q33 33, 33633 ks33T \33 I3333S "3333 33 CBs336 -33
)! (Coordination -3J" E33Z 3! -3J\ 433 363 3SB 333 \336
@ 4 D M \ M X+ E) 9T 9*)N X+,! -J3M !* 33 X3
! += EZ 2 2, 9 , 9 - ! , -J .SB
\T , X O \ ISC) 1500 4) 3 E33 )Bus-
4 (Ducts " \.6
\ XT B - SB\ 4 X !S 6) d ) !3
2s 46 +\ X2s 5.
1-6-5S "
M X" 25* , DF I=)6 E3+ 4 X3 43 33 \ 36 3, E3Z 43
" X3 \ 36 35 33S X3 3+ 3" .323 " 3 X3 3+3
" 2s 6O S 6, O ) , \.6
433 I33O 233 433\ X33+[ 33 > 33S33 @ 433 Diversity Factor 33) 2335"33
\ X) 6 [ I G6 5 E+ U X !3R 40 43 3 3X3
( TCL ) !R XS [ 2, 10kVA " X36 X3 3 d 3S 400kVAE3Z 43
IS' E+2s 3 CB36 X3 3SB 43"3 3 3 363M X3400 K
kVA X" d 6 IS ,. 2000 kVA 9
' S> , )" GP, X3 !3U3S 8kVA k3!, X3 , 3X3
6 4 - D > S3 -3S 320kVA k3!, X3 , E3Z 43"3 3S
33S 3, K23 1600kVA 323 36 Z>33 -)*3 33 3 4323s 433
= . !* SB -\ X+[ Q 4\.X
7-5 3 U ) !>(
"S [= " W, 4d 4 k "S + + + N 3,

X Z " ;!R , ;!U" .!R 27 4-5 XU[ X k!S3!,
96 66 !)J ! R , ; .
, K2" !3R 3Z 43 43[3 ;!3U 3 3, X3 3S 3 85 3 X3
!R 18 P - 4 !R X K2 ;!3U 3 3Z 3 3+\ 36, -3 K233
\ 6 XM .
DB- 2, 3 ,5 ,6 ,8 ,9 ,11,12 ,14 ,15 ,17,18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27
, -) + ). . (
162
: 4-5 XR6 .

\ X K2 43 363S) ;!3U 3, ( 85 m23 36Q 3, 33O .7-5 -3
*; , - 4-5 XU ,O . 6-5
X+\
163
85 m2 S!; U : 7-5
4 ways TPN with ELCB 40A/30mA 4P
Cir
No.
Ph
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
Cable
(mm2)
MCB (A)
Description
1.5
10
L10 L19 (10x100) W
2.5
15
P1= 200 & P2 = 800W (KIT)
1.5
10
L1 L9 + EX 1-2 (11 x 100) W
2.5
15
P7 P8 (2 x 200 W )
2.5
15
W.H-2 with 15A DP SW
2.5
15
P3 P4 (2x100)
2.5
15
A.H.U with 20A DP SW
2.5
15
P5 P6
2.5
15
W.H-1 with 20A DP SW.
4
20A TP
ISOL 20A TP for A/C
(5.631 kW) = 40700 BTU
4
4
Total Connected Load kW = 13.231
Load per phase in

(W)
R
Y
B
1000
1000
1100
400
1200
400
900
400
1200
1877
1877
1877
4177 4477 4577
:"; S O ,

( 4 circuit group ) B 4 6O ""
4 ways
Three Phase and Neutral "
TPN
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker "
ELCB
30mA O S 40A ELCB +M"
40A/30mA 4P
. 4-Poles 9
K Water Heater "
W.H
93 23 3\ 3 Double Pole Switch 3 3 43 3\ 3"
DP SW
33 X33+\ 33 33 "33\ 33" Neutral 33 33T Phase 33 -33*M
.k!, Phase
3 -3! 3U X35 -3N Air Handling Unit "
A.H.U
* 3S 3, 3) -3N 3 Compressor Unit 3 436 u3)
.(Split Q u , ! U 5
-3 3 43 23s (-3 60) O s , "S 4 X , [[! U
3[ s+! U K2 X \. DB- 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 : M X 5
. 8-5 O ,
164
( .. )+ ) , -
60m2 S!; U 5 : 8-5

4 ways TPN with ELCB 40A/30mA 4P
Cir
No.
1
Ph
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
Cable
(mm2)
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
4
4
4
MCB
A
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
15
15
20A TP
Description
L7 14 (8 x100)
P1 (1 x 100) +P2 ( 500W) KIT
L1-L6 + EX 1-2
P5P6
W.H-1 with 15A SW
P3 P4 (2 x 100)
Spare
Spare
AHU with 20A DP Sw
ISOL 20A TP for A/C
(4.54 kW) = 33500 BTU/HR
Total Connected Load kW = 8.739
Load per phase in W

R
Y
B
800
600
800
200
1200
200
-------400
1513
1513
1513
2513 3313 2913
" "E+ 1-7-5
3) 3P, 3) " ) E+ 6 9 U "K2 " E+ X)M
433 336 336\ 33 33 X33 33 336 33 433 33 336\ 33 332s X33"O =
3+ 3 E3 43 43 3S 3 3 3 3T . XM 6 4SB
. X , Z[ 9 6 Q
: MSB-2 MSB-1 SB 6 " K2 ,
\ X+
165
! /! ) : ( MSB-1

K2 " 2s \ DB-1 4 6 DB-21 ,. 5 -5 XU
: 5-5 XR " "

\ X K2 " O . 9-5
166
( .. )+ ) , -
MSB-1 " =: 9-5

Load
DB-1
DB-2
DB-3
DB-4
DB-5
DB-6
DB-7
DB-8
DB-9
DB-10
DB-11
DB-12
DB-13
DB-14
DB-15
DB-16
DB-17
DB-18
DB-19
DB-20
DB-21
TCL
R
2513
Y
3313
B
2913
8739
TCL
4177
4477
4577
13231
4477
2913
4577
2513
4377
3313
13431
4577
4177
4477
13231
4377
3313
4477
2913
4577
2513
13431
4477
4577
4177
13231
4577
2513
4377
3313
4477
2913
13431
4177
4477
4577
13231
4477
2913
4577
2513
4377
3313
13431
4577
4177
4477
13231
4377
3313
4477
2913
4577
2513
13431
4477
4577
4177
13231
4377
2513
4377
3313
4477
2913
13431
4177
4477
4577
13231
4477
4577
4377
13431
78169
86569
83069
247807
8739
8739
8739
8739
8739
8739
: ( MSB-2 ) ! </!

3" 3 -3 32s 3 ,3Nd DB-27 3 DB-22 43 36\ 3 23s K2
. 10 -5 O 4 N"
: ET " K2
. ( DB-Shop 4 2s X )
.( 6 kW M FFP T ; ) T
. SB SMSB
Load
DB-22
DB-23
DB-24
DB-25
DB-26
DB-27
DB-SHOP
FFP
SMSB
TCL
MSB-2 [ " : 10-5 O

R
Y
2513
3313
2913
TCL
8739
4177
4477
4577
13231
4477
2913
4577
2513
4377
3313
13431
4577
4177
4477
13231
4477
2300
2000
11200
4577
3500
2000
10100
4377
3100
2000
12220
13431
8900
6000
33520
37834
40334
41054
119222
8739
: 2s s 6 SMSB SB

. ( 6 kW X M Lift-2 Lift-1 4"+ ) 6+ o
. ( DB-G ) 5 4 X5 ES o
\ X+
167
o ) 5 4 ) . ( DB-B
\ X SB O . 11-5
: 11-5 SMSB
R
Y
B
TCL
2100
1900
2200
6200
5100
4200
6020
15320
2000
2000
2000
6000
2000
2000
2000
6000
11200
10100
12220
33520
Load
DB-B
DB-G
Lift-1
Lift-2
TCL = 33520
_/:

= 9 E DB- 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 : 2s

S ;!U U 60 J 4 s ! 2s Phases[ Z
2s Phase , ) [ DB-1 9S , Phase-R 4 ( 2513 W
" , 9 ) DB-4 9U - KO ( DB-12s 4
\ O EZ Phase-Y2 , Phase DB-72s Phase-B 4 G
4T 6 4 - XZ2 *); 6 , , Z
O 4. 4!S
S !U 85 2 X u! 40700 BTU/HR S !) 3.39
4J) M M u , 5.63 kW " !) 1.6 4J/)
4 NO . 7-5
, 4 !U - 60 33500 BTU/HrS ! u 4.5
KW ,O .8-5
4 " ! W/m2 -O u ! , u ++
6 S! EZ "S S ;!U[ , Z X T 9 ,
)S ,T (- 2070 S , Lobby ( 9 X21) "SO
! SS !) 62W/m2 M 4 I X! , u ;!US
2 ,QO . 1- 4-3
! " ! B u WS u .
X " X ) ( kW 367029 =119222 +247807 4 XM X2
QS " 9 Y+ " ) 400 kVA' ( 4, EZ 42s K2" 4
4 4M .6
2- 7-5D 6 E+ " "
) , - E+ " K2" J! 23s 3\ 3635 43 !3R X3 3
X+\ X )R 4 " 3 !3U 3, 3 6-5 X3U23 [ k3* X33
" MSB-1 " .
= , 2 XU:
X Z 9 - ;!R - Y+5 M !R X X ZZ
\Q" 4 x 6 mm2 9"*! X+ PVC X5 !*" .E 38
X" 6) ;!U ! 50) M (!R X E , "O
O N " = M *T " 5 !UM 4
".
CB" X Q !R X ELCB M S .30mA
-" X+\ N 2 X+ d 4 XN
)6 R 46. 4 x 25 mm 9"*! Cu Tape k
, -) + ). . (
8-5! U 7
168
) 33, -33 E33+ 33" 33, 33[33 3333 33+M 4336 u33[33 ;33S33
2 , 9** D .6-5 XU2 * k3[36 X3 335 11 43 3
X .;!3R 6 3 ;!3U ,3Nd 93P, 3S 6 33 3 3 3 3T3
.XU N - K2" E2s 4 6.
O , K2" O Q 5 ! 1500 kVA' 2s43 93
5 RMU ,) XU -QO 4\ X+[ Q 4\ X 3 3
. ( RMU
, K2" E2s ;!U *! \ 46*! 'SM" ;!U
6O 6 3 35 Feeder 63 43 36O X336O 3, 93"*! 3S23
[ 3 x 240 + 120 + 70 mm2 2s X6 6 )3" (!3R 11 !3R3 X3
EZ X6 E\" X5 + Junction Box 4 !R X K2 E 6O2s !U
4 x 25 + 16 mm2 9"*! 6, X 4 N. 6-5 XU
K2*! ") [ +M 4*! , 5-5 XU 3 E3 ;3S
4 CB X5 !R X 4 , CB =+ 5 ,Nd !U -3 ;3S
CB" , 6+ " 4 3N X X3*6 X35 43 !3U3! 36 Z>3
.;!U 46 E 2 " X6\" , 6+".
X6 -)* 4\ -*! , 6+ 6 - SB3 X3M 3 - 3, 433 -3S
[ , )! = !* - SB) 4 . K2" = * E! 3 3= 3
)+ K2 + [ 4U X)M 4 X 6 Hot spot K2 .
)" M S \" 4 X5 X + 4 X! ES ;!U3Z 3 36O 43 =3
2 *) -[ +M 9 , XM=6 .2, 6 3 XT\ [43 3
=U[ 4 U 9" I)S -O2 X) 6 .
\ X+
169
6-5 XR 6 6 9\" 5 4 ;!U JB
9-5!/ !
,2 QO 43 "3 E3+3 -33) 3 3 . ;3J 20 4323

[ + 9N6 E [ \ 4 +[ ED", !S\ X
2 U ,2 \ X+ ; -.
M E D E+ ) 4 6 3O 3SB (MLTP) \33
33, . 7-5 X33U K233 33 33SB233s 33Z 33 336335 MSB-1: 33 MSB-2
EZ MSB-3! X 4 [2s 3Z 43 36O 33 \3 36 \ 33
R E 9\ . + 3T 3*3 " ESMSB 3 323s 43 3" 3[[3
MSB-32s \ , 4 'MQ M 250 kVA ,.XU
170
( .. )+ ) , -
MLTP \ O " : 7-5 XR

3 3! 3S 3 3, * [ 6 B X5 M U
: u)! "J G X ,Nd X -*! " 46 )"
4 x 16 + 10 mm2 PVC in 38 mm PVC Conduit.
4
4Cx 25 mm2 Cu on cable tray
8
4C x 185mm2 Cu in on cable tray
13
4C x 240 mm2 Cu on cable tray.
14
3 x 25 mm Cu Tape.
17
: E 6 Z E N 2s MLTP SB " P,
: ( MSB-1 ) ! /!
3N 3 36\ 3 3 ,3N 8 -1 43 3 36\ 3 23s 36
. 8-5 XU , 4SB u 2s G2 )4Q
\ X+
171
: 8-5 XR SB MSB-1

! /! < ) : ( MSB-2
K2 2s \ 6 9 43 16 323s G23 3\*3S 36 3
u 6+[ Z ,.9-5 XU
! /! << ) : ( MSB-3
33 33 10-5 X33U 33233s 33T K33 u33 33" 3333 33
,Nd 6+ 2s * SB" ) . ESMSB
172
( .. )+ ) , -

300 TPN S/F FOR
CHILL (104 KW )
THROUGH
SYNCHRONIZATION
S PANEL
100A THN S/F Lift-1

(21 kW)
ROOF FL.
DB-Mech. 6.8 KW
MECH. FL
DB-16th 6.8 KW
16
TH
FL.
DB-15th 6.8 KW
15th FL.
DB-14th 6.8 KW
14th FL.
DB-13th 6.8 KW
13th FL.
DB-12th 6.8 KW
12th FL.
DB-11th 6.8 KW
11th FL.
DB-10th 6.8 KW
10th FL.
DB-9th 6.8 KW
9th FL
SPARE
13
ELR
ELR
300mA
300A
MCCB.TP
BB400 :A THN + E, 35 kA
MSB-2 (At Ground FL. )
TCL = 186.2 kW
SPARE
4
ELR
ELR
300mA
300mA
40A
MCCB.TP
(TYPICAL)
300A
MCCB.TP
350 A
MCCB, 35 kA
14
To LT Panel
MSB-2 [ SB : 9-5 XR

: ( ESMSB ) 7 ! , /!
93 *3S 3, 3 3, 3)[ )3 3* 3 3, 3, -3O ( ESMSB ) 3 K23
332s 33 k)33 ATS 335 433 233s E33 33* 33 433 336 33) -33O 33M 33
. 250 kVA 9M !J=
\ X+
173
: 10-5 XR SB[[ MSB-3

*!( :
-1 Z 6 J Chillers u 3Q3Synchronization Panel 423s
4 4 MSB-1 4 MSB-2" X k!, E 4 [[ . J
, -2 " P, K2 +6 4 4[ :
: u2 Water Chillers 4 ) 4 5 !R X
M ,2 U Water Chillers 4)M 4 2s 104 kW X )
2 4 u [ \ [ +M - D K2
33 33 33" 33S 335 ) 33 93333 33 = 33 33D X3333, u33
\ 6 E= 3 A.H.U 3 G33 3, X3k3!, 3, I3/
33M D33 33 433N33 33 \ . 336 33 [ X33336 33 633+ 336
T 5 6 G [ ;S2 9, M " )d ( k 3-3N
6 5 ! !R X , , . u 4 \ X3+[Q 343 3
" 46 K2 4 6 Q . u
<YY : 33 33 33 Chillers33 G233 33 633+ 33, *33 ) 3333
M 6 " ) 4 3 43 "3+3 3N
*S QS S Y+ I K2 ,Nd 6 \ 2
174
, -) + ). . (
, XT,, EZ 4 K2 2s k!, Bus Duct K2 4 6O . 93
= 6\ XT 4 46 ) , ( Bus Duct 'M 93P, E3Z 43\X3T
D , Bus Duct ) 3, G33 \ X3 36 23 "3
S! 35 43 3 35 3 3+ Bus Duct3 Bus Duct23 " 33
3S Bus Duct 33SB\3 336 933 X33 ) ( Tap-off *32s 336, X33 3333
\ 6 .
-3\ XT 6 B E** ) ,R ( !S 36 D K23**3 )3M 3
433"33 X33)M 433 X33 33\ 336 33 [) 33 \ X3333 33 CBs
- S .
;2 4- 6 XU \ X3 + 43 33 \ 36 323s 433
" 4S , !S ".9
1-9-5 U u+
" ,) Q [ X) I " X u\ 6) " 6 XR 45S
*) , X , - S 4 , K2 IO IS "
, u+ ,U > 25) 6S X ) *) -X
u+ M Compressor) BM 4 6 S S , , 4SU (.
42 = " u+ B) 4 U = 5 ,U )
, X[ u+ , KT , %80 )SU T %30 )S
, k!, . u+ T , T , k!,U E 4 . 45 u !
[ Xd " Z ,\ R s2 4S X6 E X
\ R ) .
2-9-5 XQ= B "
X 9 IO B6 = E X 3 @3[ M 43 80% 43 93= .3 X3 3T E3
! " = 6 K2!6 ,[ :
< :6-5
*?:
) S - 1500 9 .!J 30 4* 3 "3 3 -3

2 I ) 6 - S XQ.B
6)6 , X) d S 12.. 100 /
1500
100
X= ) +M

X = =
5.4
0.8
5.4 = 30 12..
= 6.75.. 6 " 4 80 X =
M 6 4 = ! = 5 M 1.5 X.. = 7.5..

= 3, 93 -3M" 33 3O3 3,*33T X3 3 3, K233!3 3M33R '"3N
-+ = R G2 J\ 6 43 .u3 E3Z 43 43 X3 =3 !3 [43 3
"33S=33 33 33 "33= G33 11-5 X33R 33[ X33" 433 33M* ?YYYY
4 )S "S= ) (k1 * ? @ 9 3S 93 )3S 43 3T "3S=3
) (k2 " G 6 " , W 30.
\ X+
175
: 11-5 XR XQ= B , - 30 W

:
k1
k2
t
< : 7-5
= X" 4 )S "S=

= XQ BS 9 4 )S "S=
= , XQ.(6) B
" 9= 1250.. X" 2 750.. , +M XB

S 9 " 6 , G W 30
4: 11-5 XU
750
= 0.6 ; t =4 h
1250
k2 =1.19
= k1
G2 +M XS B 9 " 6 :

S2 = k2 * SN = 1.19 * 1250 = 1487.5 kVA
< : 8-5
* " 3D -3 ) E3 93@ 36 ONAN 3 450 93M X3 93.. 3

6 - 250 9M ")J X.. "U 6 4).M
S1= 250 kVA , t1 = 20h
S2= 450 kVA , t2 = 4h
176
, -) + ). . (
S2/ S1 = 450 / 250 = 1.8 = k2 / k1

43U3 11-5 X E3 1.8 = k2 / k1 k3 3*! 3 ; X3! -3 93"J P3, t = 4h 3
k2 k1 IS 6 k1 = 0.633 , k2 = 1.14 :
EZ 4 IO !; "S2 d SN"
S1
S
= 2
K1 K 2
2 P, I " 400 9...
= SN
450
250
=
= 394.9 KVA
1.14 0.633
3-9-5 XU B -"
= SN
EQO [ 42 " Q , 6 - U6 ) ,

O . 12-5 , D K2O " 4" 46 2s 4 K2
" 46 X2s X ! -J Y+ \ BBs " 4
" 5 \.
: 12-5 " , "
\ X+
177
@L < : U 5

10-5<
> K
K

" = 4 E+ " *5 '! M 5 )R E+2s 3 3 k33,
" ,U )U 3 3! 3 -33U .J u3! 3 k33U )3U
" IS! U d . , Q " 6 R K2*.
U 1-10-5 4 MVA1
, K2 E2s U 35 4 ) Ring Main Unit (RMU3) . -3\ X3+[Q 33
4" 46 K2(
K2 M !* D , - + 2s I3O, EZ 4 -3M 3
3S !3 Short Circuit Level 3+ K23 3\" 3M) 3 X3+ .(65 kA 312-5 X3U
2s k* N 4 ! .O
= 3 3 3, CB I3O 43 35 3 93M Low Voltage Side!) 33 (Rated3S
1000000
(
) =1500A
3 380
= :
MPDB
! SB
MLDB
d SB
* MEDB SB
uMACDB SB
_/:
-1
-2
-3
-4
) 6 -O , ! )( .

) 6 -O , d )( .
) 6 -O , * )( .
) 6 -O , . () u
D s+U P, - " 42s BB 4 , XU.;S

)3 *3 ( E3 36 3"O3J 3 E3Z MEDB 3SBE3
2s 5 4 ATS ,.12-5 XU
3 33 33 33S 33!*33 33,33 Critical Loads E33233s 335 433
UPS2 2s . ATS 4 K
332s 33 33T 3333\J ;33233s 433 433335 :33 335 433 ATS
[ 4 )R ) X)M CB 43 3SB 3" ( 33T G3 3
2s @ 6 .
178
( .. )+ ) , -

Standby LBS
LBS
630A
LBS
LBS
400A
RMU
FUSE 100A
1MVA
1500A
CB
TR
ELCJ@KH E?JIH
O GHJC
ATS
MLDP
AVU E?JH
ELCJ@KH
MPDB
JSH E?JH
ELCJ@KH
MEDB ELCJ@KH JPH E?JH
UPS
E@DC A@?
FIRE PUMP
GF E@DC A@?
9 U :12-5 XU

:
MLDB: Main Light Distribution Board
MPDB: Main Power Distribution Board
MEDB: Main Emergency Distribution Board
*2s 2-10-5
3, 36\ B3 -3 @3 Q3 k3!, 3 3 "E3+ 36M 3\ -3) *
.3 "3 " 2s 46 Q ! *E " 2s = 2s
3* 4 2s X "4 2s [ = P B, [X) 6
23 43 3[ X3+\ 3 K23 X \- )ATS " 5 4 2s K2 MEDB
23 UPS 3; 3J 436 3S 3 3[ 3 32s E3 ( MEDB) 3 4 . (
. MEDB , B 4 2s
4 4 U 3-10-5
3 =.13-5 XU , Bus Coupler, BC * k E 4Q BB ES! E

3B 3 G3 43 43 35 -3 3 3 3 3N 3 2 Q 4
X+\
179
-3JM Z[ 4 4 , k!, CBs 4 4Z 4T \ Two out of Three S
) E 3 3B 23\ X3S \ O , E k =. ( CB-1, CB-2 , BC)
.; S ( 2 out of 3
4 4 92s U :13-5 XR
180
, -) + ). . (
U 4-10-5 4" =
= , 2 O ) , 4 14-5 XU M k , E O k 3, 3

O\ 2 "* Q 6O = ") 363 -336O
S 2 " S ! 4 +\.-
400A
400A
2 OUT 3
BC
AC
POWER
LIGHT
U :14-5 XR 9= -
11-5
> L
K
" 2s =3[ 3 33 " 3@ 3 33"O 3S\53 . -)*3 33, 3R
! \R -*S 4 P, X+ ,\ X U " 6 k!, Q!3 3
Q U 5 G E E" ,[ . !S ,2 [ 6 k!, Qk3
U )U" 5 4 O. k
M M X 2 = -)S -O ) M ( TR1 to TR7 1600 kVA E3 X3 E"3
4 O . Dry Type 52 9 4 M X %33 )3S EX3" G3
) SM Forced Cooling* EZ 4 4 -,! ! 3 X 43
1600 kVA 2133 kVA 6 N* k" ,.15-5 XU
= O E,) N k" 3O k3 3 RMU *33, 3
[ X ( !SQ K2 ) U 5 14 4' 3X3+\ k3!, 3
, . (XU 'SM Q: Bus Coupler 4
3,Q3O ) 43 3 1 E3M 3 ( 6 E3M 53 435 3 3 2sIncoming 3
) Supply 5 (6 T" 5 ) 1 4 (4 3
= . Outgoing Feeders
3Q3O [) 3 9 43 353 435 93\, ( 14 3 ) 9 ( 105 3ZZ33 3 )
11 12 ,33Nd ( 13 335 33) 33J . ( 14 33 433 33Q33O 7) 4335 4 (8
4 Bus Coupler kQO. 4
23s 3 3O k3 3ZZ !3S3 36 3SB MSWB-1 : 3 MSWB-2
. MSWB-3
X+\
181
(ELIg 14 ) ELfLedH cbJa@H GD`H E?JH
2
CELL-1 (outgoing-1)
10
11
12
13
14
R&M
SF6 CB
withdrawable
type 630A,
25 kA
Protective
Relay
Interlock
Bus Coupler
CT
Spare
ES
HV Cable
Termination
Outgoing (Typical)
3 x 95 mm2 XLPE
12/20 kV Cables
Incoming
Supply
Incoming
Supply
TR4
TR5
MSWB-3
TR6
TR7
TR1
MSWB-2
TR2
TR3 (Typical)
1600/2133 kVA
11/ 0.4 kV,
33.3% Forced
cool
MSWB-1
3200A
ACB (typical)
1600 mm2 Cu BB
Bus bar
DBs
DBs
DBs
DBs
DBs
5, -O SB) U k* : 15-5 XR

433! 33 Air-CB 33 433 -33JM 4 33 ( MSWB-1 ) 33 33SB 33" 33 33, 33=
X3 93 TR2 3[ 3 43T 3 , E k) " CBs K2 3200A
Normally ) 43\ 3 X3 , CB-4 CB-3 4"J!, . TR3 TR1 4 4 X
3 32s X! EZ 4; s CB-3 P, )4 I) TR1 5 P, ( Open
;33s CB-4 P33, TR3 33 335 X33[ . TR2 J33 =33 33 TR1 33
. TR-2 9 X!
3, TR2 3 ( ! \ !MSWB-2 ) [ SB , TR6 =
TR4 3 J T ") , 9 T TR7 TR5 4 J
Bus Bar *3 MSWB-2 MSWB-3 43 k 5 4 [[ " ,
.XU ,
6 7 5 12-5
)3+ RMU 3 3 3 P3, (O 5 4 )) ) )U O ,
3 3 k3!, 3U 35 k3 3 3 43 3U 32s E3 3 K23 3, E3B
33 33[ 33, 33); 33 33 ( 66/11 kV 33 ) 33 33SB 332s 33* 33R) 33+
.6 [ *! , ) T 5\ S -O
, -) + ). . (
182
< 9-5
!, 5 6 / :
-+ ) :(4) 4
)3.34 MVA :1-
) 1.66 MVA : 2-
-+[) :(4) 4
) 1.33 MVA : 3-
) 2.66 MVA : 4-
@ 6 -+ !! - * 42s SB E3 EZ 4)!3 2s 33SB
96= EZ E2s -+[ 5 4 -+.
1-12-52s ! -+
!, Y E3 3 -3N3 3* 3, 3 66/11!) -3M 43 33U 3 E3
6 , S s * X 323s 43 3* X3 E3O!3 3
Spare ,. X
33M33M 33,233 33U 2s 33 33 4"33+ 33SB 33 -33+ 43333M *33
=3 ) 66/11 3 E3 * 33 S4 3 3* 3) 33 X3 4 x 25 MVA 33 3+M)33
O \" 63 k3!, 20 MVA2s )3 3, E3Z 43 3 .(4"3+ K233
, DQO " 4. 16-5 XU
!, < " * " 5 !* -6 3* 4 X+2s 33SB
.-+
!, << M * 4 ,S2s -+ S Short CircuitS 3
u33M 433 33@ 336 Voltage Drop[33 336 K233 33S 33 '33\ 33, 33+\ X33+. -33
Q 6 k!,? 5 3J 36 3S E3D" 43 3S 535= )3S 3
4@ *); \ ! 6 ;S.
2-12-5 2s -+
E" 2s -+ ) D: (16-5 XU

/! -1! ) 7 ( 11 3 ?K :
6 5 35 5 2s * 4 = S4 6 5 5 2 k!)T .bus coupler 6 5 4 2s = ) E .( J 6 5 5 2 2s -+[ . ,Nd 6 = 4 " E) kV 0.4 / 11 2000 MVA ( J2s " 43
.
/! -2! )

) 3< ( 7 3 ?K_ :
6 5 25 . 6 5 5 2 k!)T . 6 5 5 3 2s = . ,Nd 6 3 " 11/0.4 kV 200 kVA2s " 4.
-3_
Y *Y )Y Single core }Y7 400 Y,.3* 43 20/12 kV 3 (XLPE) UY
=33 ) (S4 33 33 -33 -33+ 33SB=) . 33 23 !* = -33 9)3333
"+ Multi-core K.(9"+
183
\ X+
-4
_ *Y Y,; *Y7 240 x 3 20/12 3 (XLPE) 2UY . 2s G3 3 3-3
-+[ 4 -+ SB =) . M = X O" 3 3X3 Xs3U
k!," +M 9 S . ( 20 kV
-5
_ * ;, 95 x 3 20/12 ( XLPE) 2U. .2s G 3 =3 43 3SB
. 4"+ -
*!( :
B S ) , OS ! +' :
+M) , , O X" S 0.5% , XsU=*N S .1.43% +M )3TM 36 -M +M 11kV -32s -3+ 3 X3+7.9 kA = ) 3 ( 150 MVA " 4 XM!* SCC - CBs) 6 BBs2s -+
.
16-5 XU[ k* X2s M* 4"+.
184
( .. )+ ) , -

S4 iJhC EPhC
66 KV
TR1
TR2
TR3
TR4
22
40
4x25 MVA
66 /11 KV
11 KV
ELfLedH EPh@H{ C dyH Axg Av
21
3 (3X1X400) mm2CU
o lnm@H - ELfLedH lJaH E?JH
Jg Axg x
A~v cr
Bus Coupler
iJh@IH dg Axg
630A
1-tn@H
2- tn@H
tVAsH lnm@HAr lJ E?JH
4- tn@H
3- tn@H
4S ) 2s : 16-5 XR

.4"+ S 2MVA M =17-5 XU X[
\ X+
185
17-5 XR\ X = U
, -) + ). . (
186
)? 7
U
\ X+S
187
6
)? 7
U
Y , D B" 36 S 3 @3 3, ) 3 G3 933, 3B
3333Sd M 433 93333+ 33B I)33S 3333*5 33+ s33U "X33
O "Q.
4," 3 3, ( Live Conductors) 3 3D 3B 36 X3 3 3B
5 XsU" Q " 5 X Q = , B X 43
33 33\ -33 33 "Q33 33 43333 B 3333 33 33 5"33 33U
" 4 * E E 4 BM+ G X )3U 3N23
D "
.
@33 3333+ X33"33" 33 X33[) 33 X33 33S = 33
=33 33 33 X3333 Cable Trays 33\33 33S( 33
d N ! \ M T X+ 3 35 43 3 Q3" 3 G3 "3
X.Ground Wire N
E @3 3 33Sd 433+ 3B 3 B336 -3O
ES= G3S* ;3 X3! X3M 323 * ;3 X3 k35 -)*3 3) 3NX3+
P @ ( ! 9s ! ! Sd.
1-6 & *9 9

4 + + YU )R Phase \ , k5 'M Neutral
3-Phase system D , 4 T + +)R 4 Two Phase3
. 3-Phases
9 4 + + 3 Y3R k3!, 3*3 3, ( Live Conductors ) 3
B V " ES 3 X3 3M 33U V K 3 23 Y3U
+ 5 4 9M 9 Q 3 23B", KS 43 3S 3, 3G3
Sd , , 1-6 XU ") , K2 3R) E3 93 3Phase + ) 43S
R) ( Neutral *)\, - 4 , k!, 4 S @.9U, Z
R 2 ES ,2 YU M 4 IS :
V
= I body
Rbody
Ibody R 5 ESSd Rbody ! ES2 Sd.
= 43 3 1-6 X3U 3 3M X3B35 43 3 93 k35"3 Neutral , N 3, 33D
*)" 3 3 X33B 35 43 E3S233 E3Z Y3U 3 3 33+ 3 335 )
( Closed Loop G2 !; U E3S ,3S : 3 3 3, 36 3
9S 4N 9SS ;s .
, -) + ). . (
188
: 1-6 XR

4 X XS + S + X B K23 3 3+ 33
" X X"O*5 + .+5 !
U7 3P7 .
2-6
U7 3 dP7
I)S E3S , B3Sd 3Z 3 3 3[ X3 3Z 3 3,
= 2 I+ Q I)S ESO 6 [ X Z , X
S XB 5 > ) \Q B B [ X 3Z)3, 3
OS 2 4 - ;,!+ OU "3T 3T6 3, 3 ! I3
4B> Q OS 5 6\ .
R u GZ *5 )" [6 Z X SB:
S .1 ES ,Sd.
R .2 ES ,+.
.3\ )! + 5 ' @ Z +.
1-2-6@S Z , BESO
S ES , BSd *! ) 4 !* ( 4 : 5 ES3Sd

5 ES 4Sd.
M 2 S +M ) 6 4*! 4 ! [ ( M J 4 3 3 335
4 ! 4 .S [ *5 4 5 ! I 3M I)3S3,
\ .2 + -N S I ,)* '3M" -3 X33 3*3
2 4 - + = S X"O 4 ,U YU = 3)6!3 I3
S S !* >. N
2-2-6@R Z ,ESO
*5 Z ES 6Sd Q R 9, M B3

ES ,Sd ": 4
: X2 = 9S YU *5 I - +\ M2 . O
[ :! ESO BSd >R) M Z R 6 3S6 I3 4
d ) ' ! ESO BSd s " ".
@! M Z ESSd J O !)J G \, O! U E3SO
)J \ M - O2 !, X B! 4 6 K G
, B[ * N6 , + 4 . X
! E!) ,O 1-6) 4 2 *5 I)S R M 6Sd .
\ X+S
189
9 ) (
10-0
50-10
100-50
150-100
200-150
[ 200 4
*5 : 1-6 + M IS

3P7
F
KP7 .
KP7

) K3 ._ ( 5X
9 639 9
.
!;& @ )? _
@L3 3 X63 K
) 7 69.
! ) 6.
K ) CPR 3
! *. g.
/ . U7L
3-2-6@ Z 4 ,ESO
" X[ 33*5 36 Z>3 3+3 3 3 3 3,3, E3SO s3+ 3, 3
ESO J )+[ *5 4 \ -2 ) +M . k!,
O 2-6) R M6 *5 9 . K
;
) (
0 0.5
0.5 - 5
5- 30
50 - 30
[ 6 4 W
*5 :2-6 + IS 4

!!
9 7
9@Z
S
9 "USd 9 9 4 YB
S
I"+=\+ + 46
;BM
6 D N ! I
Z
[ Z 20 4
" !) S +M 5 ( I ) 4 , " ) : ( t

116 mA
=I
t
X) ",[ 4 4" !S ! +M 6 YR ES , Z 1003
11.6).
,Z 3 46 3 E3S 3, B33Sd P3, 3 3 43 4 I3O63
J9 : B
"Q3 3" B3 ! u33Sd 3R 36 3B 36 36" -3 933B
X ) ) ,\M 9 6= .
[ @ N 2 \. X+
3-6
M "U YU" " Z@3 36 3N3D 3B Q3 3Z 3D
*)" XsU"* *) 43 9@ WJ5 6 X3+, 433 3N Z@3 )33O
G) ) @ (k!, N @ O .
!! @ Z = N 3s D Y3+= 363 3U X 3*6 = 3 3 K23
U X J 2 "U " J 3\, . N 3 2-6 X3U !* 3@3
+ [ \ 4, + "U K2 U X*6 uU ME3 3
".X
, -) + ). . (
190
M6 : 2-6 XR@M .

IO N 5 !; 4@ 3 E3S 33, "-3 43
" !, X 2, ;B M 436 Is ")3 [3 43 ;3B -3
I)33S 33, 33SB336 33 33D 33, 33N 336 33 K . 33" 33 33, ;33B33U
6+ - I)S , SB R E 3M 3O [3 3U 3* 3
4 4" 4> E K2 U , 33 \ 3Electric Discharge 3
6"Rd , ; E E@ K2) . + ;6) M 43 >3
E ;B 4 D . E X K2U X 46 )O D @. I
P, T )R N ! \M T d > 3*6
5 K2 6 S E! )U ShortB - B "S3, 93
"* X) 4 *)" 4 6 XS Q M 9\U 3!3 !*-3
46 6SQO 2 X*6 9 46 9Q6 Q 4 SB 35 3B 3+M '3M
G2 , Q , 4*6 T R *5 49 B
.;B
5 P, @3 43S M6 336 3" 3= Power Quality 3 3U3*! X
" @3 I3 3 93 3"3 433N 3s \ 3W)3 3 3,2s3
). (Voltage Surges
4-6)
6 Neutr
6 Ground
= 4 \3 !3 k35 43 Ground 3N k35"3 k3, Neutral3 Neutral"3
95 *)" + 3, 3 A -2-6 X3U k35 3 3N P3, - 3 3 "* X3
! -)* + " Ground Faults + 95 4 ,. B -2-6 XU
P33, E33 43333 k335P33, 33N 33 "* G33S X3333S 33+M 335 433 33 33 -3333
+ , C -2-6 XU6 M uM "*! 36 X 3 3 35 3 3
33 "* 33, X33 433 33 !33 33T\ 33 '33 33)J 33 33633 33",
)+ @ X.
4 ' , K2*! ! 6 33 3+ 2s3 93S\ 3
> 6 ") Q" D Isolated System 4 "* X 3, 3
. D -2-6 XU*)", - "* = X" 2 D 5 X3 K 4 XT," 33
+ 336 36 I 3 3S 3 3 "* X33 \3 3 3, Xs3UE3M 3
*5 .
\ X+S
191
2-6 XR\ 4 Neutral. N
5-6!
4 + 63 I3 3N 3 [3 3S 3 " Electrode 3 3 [ 3
33, 4,3333s 33 ! ;3333 -33 33 . ,33 K233!)33T " X33R 336 3333
S 4* )" T)"s + * Electrode 6 * s ,
* 3 3 3!)J 3 ! 3 36\ 3T 3 3+ ! 363
. T\ N + ! 6 X3M3S 36 )3TM 36 3T") -3 X33 *3
N )R 4.N
4 4 ! D , N ) *S ,:4 3-6 XU
-1 ! . ) 6
-2d , "; . I
-3 ) N @ ( 4 X+d 4 S @.T
D : 3-6 XR N)*S
, -) + ). . (
192
") M6 46 K2 )! D , . 4-6 X3U 33 3D E3 3+63
) Main Earthing Terminal ( MET ")3 3 3N3)6 3, 3SB Bus Bar, 436
BB3 933 M Protective Conductors 33 BB 3 33, 3N 3,3 . -33
9 G2 M , S " !) = X ) s /
K3 / G)3U3 " 3 ( 3 3 3"3 3 3O3S Equi Potential
. Conductors X+ P MET @ * X3@3Earthing Conductors
4 I 4 Q M @.
: 4-6 XR\ 4 XM X@

@! M Z N " 6 X+ 6 4 X:
! , 4,d .
)S , J .
6 @.
;6. 4,
1-5-6
I33O 33 433 )33 33! 33 (Soil Resistivity ) 33 336 33-33N
@ . O 3-6"* EM!) ! R 6 .
= M! 3 M 'S 6 X3 3s3 3, 3 -3 3! u3M3
6 6 S)) )S G2 J 3R X36 36 Z@3
M! P, .N @ N" !R + =\ 43, EZ 4
4S 6) J X " D ' !J 3+ )3S 33
D U) \ ! M *5 E! N . - G3 I3O= Q 3M 33
!J 4 X + d 46! 4 S" :
34800 d L
=I
d *Md J L d t 4 !. +
\ X+S
193
: 3-6! ") 6

!

*
. !.m 3
150-40
++

Above 200
250-500
+
Above 1000
P, ' ! 6 6 S d 36 )3 3
!)J \ [ \, K2 6 4 * d X! B
! 33 33 E33 G3333 33 33)33 33Ss )33 33 \ E33 33
+ " " " ,N .
E X3" G\3 3O 3d @3 )" = ,3S 936 3Q E3 10 436 3@ 3 33
!S S * 4 E 30 . 4@ 35 X36 35 d3 k3 = 3
! E 45 46 K*M X"; E 30 6 B= 3 3+ ) 43 3R3
Bd = I)S , G !)J 4 .\ XT= ! X3 3 20 436 3 E3OE3
, S , * EZ! K* K2 . 3" , E3
) Ss 4 XT, ) (X B= + 3[ Y35 \3
s 5 5 , -N d k .
4 N K2*! !! X J! >D M =\5 !3 I)S O
* + *)" 3 G23 I3OO 3R 3 3 36 436 X3[ 3 3!)J 3* 3
S . +6" 6 XT\, , + K23*! 3 3'3
+M , IO K2 33O 3*3 35 \ 3! X3[ 33 36 3d
)R X6@) +( .
2-5-6 @
@ !)T " , 4, = E! X Q @3 T

335 433 " 33 ."33N") 33!)33T 3333 33, Driven ElectrodesI33S
Y5 d E = ,S ",! 3ZZ 436 X3 ;36 3, E3Z E3X3
.,* N ) 3d 43 3 I3+ 43 I"3+ 3 3d
[ Z "*M 4 ) X 4 Q 3J E3Z 3M X36 E3Coupling k3
3333 *33 *33 -33 . 33D ! 33 = 33N Z@33[33 !* 3333d 33Z@33
*.9
= 9 [ M) * 4 "2 -,d 9P, 433 3RB
" +M S * 4, ;6 6 !, @ 235 X3R 3 3O
Q *5 !S T") X+)" 3, 5-6 X3U E3Z 43 X3+ 33N
).
: 5-6 XRd . *S
, -) + ). . (
194
4 T R 4, 4 k ( 4 x 25 mm : 93"*! ) X3+ I+ X353 ) 36 3 )3

42 UJ k = 9 X! N + . SB\ XT 4,23 3Uk
" , k!, " X+ ) , X X 5 .
J! 5 + M 6s ! N )R@) + (
4 6O 4d , ,S 3 4 4 5 X3 E3Z 35
- X K2d 4 )U - ,!"J . XUB3
,.6-6 XU
)R : 6-6 XR@ ) + (

uM" )TM 4 @+ 6! * ! 6 N 36
! * . IO ! ! EZ N)TM -N ,N .G2
")* 4 " d + , ")JU ) [ X 3S
3,3 43 33 X333 \3 )33R 3N G333Z X36 X3333 3
) X6 E 43 X)3TM 3 3S 43 X3 3N")3+, 3) 3
@ 6O "N 5 6 -d .
? 6 9 !
F9 6 .
2 4 !)= U 4 X 3
=+ 4 Q , B 6 M [ 4 X !* -+
- . D 2 = " 6 K3 X5 X3 K3"3 36 k3!, 3
X3333 \3 33S P33, . !! '33 K23333U P33, 233 33 933U )33+33= 33
d " .
X5 K2U )"S,O K2 X+ >3 P3, 3 3 Short
X5O P, S 4B \ XT K2 5 4 ESSd 93X3M
! 433 3333 33633 X33M 33 43333S 33M 33 )33S 433 33, "33 233
+ YU MO 9 I)S U62 \" ")3 X3 43"3U 3U6
)+ ES 6 . K
3-5-6 @
, I @)6 R 46 9 Cu Tape k !* , - 2.5 x

25 mm k GO @P 9T .N , k3d 3,3
)" 33T33S 33)s, ")33 33 33, 33, 33 . \ X33T 33 33 33
@ 4 D ! 9) X= . B3 3 93 3 Q3" 3 X3
M 9P, , I)S" X 5 , , O K ' K2" , 9!)S IX5
O ) " O 4 6 ( 4 +M X ! , *
, , ! 9P, 6 4 . X
\ X+S
195
3 3J X3 Y53 3 3, ,3 3)J ! 3 3s3 3, 43S S,K23
=33 33 433 X33 33 33!)J 933633 33 . = 33O 33, 33 43333 33
4 " 93 5 3\" 3 "3 3"3 3 XE3 3
R 9\ , + \. X+
? 6 Cable Sheath Ground wire 6
M sS 3" 3, 3 I3@3 X36 436 3 36 3N!3 ) G3S 433O
@ (9T"S 46 X" G " ES 43O 433 E3Z Cable SheathE3
X6 5 4* [ 33 36 Cable Sheath 3 X3 43@3 3+ 3
)+ @ 36 k3!,3+ . -)*3 33 3+M 3,3 3M 93)3+
*5 , -*M ", Sheath )+O > .
4-5-65 !* - X@
6 IO5 !* - X@ @ 4 ! 9 ! +2 935 43 3
,[ .
< : 1-6
-*! IS X@ @ I M M@ 6 1.5 MVA 9 " M Xpu

S . 0.05
*?:
*33 33, 33 K233 433 336 XB33S 33 33M 3333 ! 33+33 -33M K33S E33Z 433
"= !) S !* -.I
4S M !* +! ) *S ," :
MVABase
1 .5
=
= 30 MVA
X pu
0.05
= 45 kA
1 .5
3 0.38
= MVASC
MVASC
3VL
= I SC
4" !) , 11-4\ X+ - 4S !* - I :
= 9 0.5 45 = 286 mm 2
a( mm 2 ) = 9 t I SC
M !* I - .E 300
5-5-6+ d X@
Z J d 4 X @3 3 @3 43 K233

QO :
-1! ? : d
3S J X 3, I3O K23 3 3 3+ X 3" 3\ 43 3S
33d 33 I33O 33 33 33N 3333 33N6 I33*6 33+
.\ M
-1! ? N 63 g*
" [' 4 XT,* ! !* =+ XM.4
196
, -) + ). . (
-2! ? N 63 g
33 G33 )5 33 433 33 33 33 B)33S E33) I33TM 336 33S@33 X33
@ \ , 'M* ) 5 K2*! * [ 33+M
Q X ['.
7/ 6-6 ; .
" ! @ N! 3!3 3 433d 3N 3"3 3 .")3
\+ ! [ ! N =\ , *3 6 O Potential Rise
O "* X " M 6 K2! N= 6 9 I"3+3
EM s[ 4 K2! E\N 'S T 3,[ 43 3 =3 .36 \3+
P, M! S6 I EO ! 3+ 3, -3M23 3 -3M)3 I3
! * s .
33R 433, 336 33N 33O 33 ! 933 33 X33M 433 33 336 5 1 433 =
+ X[ 6 K2! , E ! = 6 6 4 93= 3 36 )43 3
*M N2 " \ 2 6 M 4T S ! M 6 3 S
"* X \ , M 'MsR= , )Q" (Relay B B3 3
"* X 6 J d K2 S :
1-6-6S ! u+
D P, kS @ d u+ 2 3*M u3+ 933S ) (r3

,.7-6 XU
dx
: 7-6 XR u+

", !5 IF + 2 d 9P,S + 3, D X3=O3 35 43 3RB
u+ Q u+ ,!* 3 Q3 43 [) '3 3N 93 433J X3+ u3+
*M B , S = X5 P, ! 23 R d3 3,K23
S:
...........................6 1
2 r
= R
) ( ! . 6

r *M u+d .
3 3 3 @33 X3R 36 *3 *M d 3P3, L 3J ! 3 3N23W
4 IS" :
8L
=R
ln .................................6 2
2 L
d
\ X+S
197
S R a G !, L 9J b N6 , h ;36 6 !, 3, 38-6 X3U
, K2 ! NS:
8L2 a 2 a b
h h2
ln
+
1
+
+
..................6 3
2
4 L ah
L 4 L2
) 2(a + b
=R
: 8-6 XU R @ !,.

4 GU S ! 3)6 I3*! R N 3 436 "3S 3 43 A 9"3M
!) ) \ ! ( IEEE-80-1986

2
A
2 A
2 -6-6 S !)
4 4 ) kS+ " )+ !S!)" S :

, -1 d , :
63
=R
, -2 d , :!,

64
2
= RH
L
, -3 @ * 6 4 Nd 3 36 33 ! 3 3X3
\ S P, RV ! D 4\3 3S 43 . R/N
336233 = ! I)33S ;33 Z@33)33 33 Mutual Effect 33T" 336 ")33
P33, 33 ! 33\" 33 33S! I33S 33+D X33" 336 33Screening 33S
933M) Coefficient33+ ( 1 433 X33M 336! 33 33+33 33 -)*33)433 33
! D ." )! *3S 3 43 36O RV-T 33d 3,3
6 N:
R
6-5
RV T = V
N
: 46 6 M uM 4 )S)" 3 43 3!, X33 ( S ) 43J 3
3d ) (L 3 S/L 3M 36 u3M 33, 3 -3 9 -6 X3U 3D 93 I3O= !X33
3 46 S ,S .
198
, -) + ). . (
: 9 -6 XRd .
" X[ > X" M 6 Z + 6 d N G ,O .4 -6
X" EM : 4 -6 + ,
N S/L
2
1
3
5
10
20
0.8 0.87
0.76 0.8
0.67 0.72
0.56 0.62
0.5 0.47
S/N
2
N
2
3
5
10
20
0.93 0.95
0.9 0.92
0.85 0.88
0.79 0.83
0.74 0.79
S/L
3
N
2
3
5
10
20
0.95 0.97
0.91 0.95
0.89 0.92
0.82 0.88
0.79 0.81
*) - 4 \ ++ " ) 4.G

, -4 @ * R k, !, @ ) L 3 k3 3) 3 3)3+
! N !, : RH-T
2
6-6
= R H T
L H
H " X +! !,.
-5335 43333 "33S 7 -6 33 ! 33 33N 33D 33W,@33 '"33
* 6 4 Nd ) ! ( RV W, E k K26O
" * R) !, k@! 9 ( RH 3W, 3 E3Z 43 )3+! 33N
D W,S :
67
RH RV
RH + RV
= Req
< :2-6
- -+J XU * 75 9"J )R E+ 20 43 9 N3 3J 3
, , 5 E X ! 63S 36 500 .m ( E3 X3 K233d
" k(U !,". 4 x40 mm K
*?
" !)J -+" "* P, 4 ,S X( 4S 15 ,.10-6 XU
\ X+S
199
: 10-6 X[ 2-6

! = 7
500
= = RV
= 100
L
5
!

R
100
= RV T
=
= 6.25
N 0.8 20
= 7 S/L )SS 15/5=3 4", E X + 4O S( 4 -6 !() . 0.8
! k(U W,= !,
2
2 500
=
= 4 .7
L H 300 0.7
6)6 " X +S( !, ( ) 0.7 E! - , !M S ( .
62 !, D W, =
= R H T
RH RV
4.7 6.25
=
= 2.6
RH + RV 4.7 + 6.25
= Req
:
" d = (> 6! N P, " (" 3 36 33
! 933 X33 X33)M 433 33 33, -33N 33 ! 33) '33 33O" 33*( 33 33O
" XT," ( 4 ,@(.
7-6 7
,) 33) 3 3( 3S 43"3 ( Y3+3 3N\ ) X3+
) @( 4( Ed 73 (, ( -3 ( Y3+23 3d 3+ 3(2s
SB 4( E ) . ,3Nd 33, G3 3 3 \ 37 X3+3O
\33 ( LT ) 33SB233 d33 [33 33233 ( X3333 ) ( MET 3333 BB"33
@3( E3( E3 X33 ) X3 ( MET3 Earthing Bars3 37 \ )3 36
6 ( E X Earth Pin Sockets3 Earth Bar3 M@3 . 36, 37
( ) ) @( ( \ + Y+" + ;6 .
Q * - [ X uQ , *3) E3, 3 3"3
6 E( E 4 ( 4 4(3\ 43+ 3, 3X3U
. 11-6(") 46 E2 D , SLD *S( , k XU. ;S
, -) + ). . (
200
: 11-6 X@( Q O

O ( 5-6 !* - S , ( @( K2Q.
: 5-6 7S!* - X N XMN
*!(: 1-
( , 4) 7 O 4 : N Power Earthing !
337 3, 3 5 3 3 Safety Earthing3 ! 3337 33, 3 3N 10 33
[[ + , ;6) M ! 7 , N XM 20 4 . 3 3" 3,)3
\ X+S
201
N 4 = 36 33 Q3 U 3S73 [ X3Q3 I3 E3D37 E 3

X+! N u+ IS7 XM\ *.
*!( : 2-
4! ( IO 6 6@( Q ==+ ( E\ X+ 4! @( Q3
!3 !3 @3( Q3 ==3+ "3 !3 @3( 43 Multiple Grounding E3D!3
ED==+ " I)S( MU X Q ==+ ,3( Is I)3S G33 Noise
46 W E+D I @(!, . ! @( Q ! Q ==+ MS
S 4Q ! 3O 3 E3 433 3s "3 Cable
X Screen==+ ( 96 @UU , X XsU K2Q d.
*!( : 3-
" , = 43( 37 3, 3, 3O37 36 3 " 33O [ X33 "3
K " s O X (2s Cable Sheath" 23 436 3T,
7 7( - ES" (Q( 2B", T ( T X X K2S " "
E" ) Main Earthing Terminal ( MET ,.12-6 XU
: 12-6 X kS O

( 4 ! 4323 3 23 ("3 3 - Equi Potential Bonding 3!3, X3
4 OQ " O ) ( M\ - +M O B 3 (
G2!, X 4 O K2Q " 4 4 7 .( ! ;3 k3 G33S
4 (Equi Potential Bonding) OQ " O 4 7 G2* )U3N
! \ T (7 4+ .
8 - 6* 6! g3;

! " + IO( ;6 ( N\ X+ ,2 QO " U 4
\N X+ + ;6) M\ ( 7 9 4"( 4 E X - 3D 3N
() E 46 K2D \ " X".
) ([ X") 436 3B 3 3B 43* 3M 3 36 3 .I 3S I33(D \3S
3 E K23 3U 3U 3 37 433 3 43 3J3 3, 3S33
( 96 I B 4 U = 36 )3SQ3O \3S 43 3 3S3E
202
, -) + ). . (
) , 6 . S ,! X D ) ( 6 T)3 " 3! 3S 3
2 (" 4 S) M) ([ X[ u B U P, , 3,J 43 O
2 "[ "u=, 46 N = )7 3S, ( 30 kV/cm \( 36 3U 33
4 S) .
K2U )6 MJ 46 3 3B X3+( 336 3 ( 43 433 kV3 23 (3
) X+( M3M k3 200 kA 3 . 40 kA K 37 3, 3+7 6 K23 3M \3!P3, E3
33(27* 33J ) = 33\ 33, 3333 33 433 '33 X3333S X33T,, )! 33 33=
s X"( 7 *3S"3 3 3S G3(7 36 43* 3 3 3 ("X3
ESS " 6! X K2 \( , s .
E\ M2 = 3 S( 9 Q3 3 !3 @3Q 43[37 ) 3 25 3 (3
I)SU 436 W)3 3, -3,37 3 3 3[ 3 30000 43 3 37 3(W
ST( 4 , X (3 3 3O K23 3 "3 , 63S 3 3
336"33 33 ( 33M -)*33 )33 33 433 33!,33 33 I33s 33!)J 433 337
S7.
+M E \( = = , "Q 4 6 ' !63+
.9 ( 43 K233+ ;6 I33+ -3 Air Termination ;6) 36 3 36!3 )3
"33 "33, 33+ 4 E33" )33S(33O 3333, 4P33, ( 1790 - 1706 ) 4 33 '33M433
) 33 3333 Q336 33 433 33S) 33337 \(P33, 33 K23333d 233O K233
U 3B3 3S 433 3D 3N23 (3( 3 E3+ 3M 36 I(3SK23
U ) . 6S N
*!(:
,P, -M )3 \( 3 3 36 X3!( 3B3M X3 3 3B 433s " 33
-6 (! 4 6 ES P, , 4* 3M3"( 3B 3, G3!3 ()3+
) !B ,.13-6 XU
M)' 6 ) ( *( , 4( : 9* (J S 9, 3U )3S
4 3S 3 36 E3 X33 Stepped Leader 3*3 [3 3 , 36 !3
3U S 43 )3+ 3 ,3S 433M !*37 3, 3 1003", 3 )3 3U
) ,= KO 4 S S K2D !6+ ) Return Stroke-
XU . ( ;S" sS XM7) 46 ,J 4 25 ( .
)(1
)(1+
)(2
)(2+
: 13-6 XJ )
M ! = 3 93 (37 3, UY 323 " 37 3 9)3 3 936 : E33
> 6 4+ ( ! ) 9@S, 46 +" ) !, " E 3( 9
(, . "46 ,J , - 96 : E 4 ) = ( , KO 7 ()3
\ X+S
203
" 4O ( X = ( E -6 G 46 ,J , 9( 4 -3M 3\3T

( (Q 4" + " 46" ) " !."6 3 N" , "3
1- 8-6 D -+;6
D 43 X)!3S 37 [3+ 3 Air Termination ;6 X3 3N 37
[ ( 3 X3+ 433 @3( . 3, -)*3 X3) 3 K23 3D3, 3 )3 =
,\ 2 K2D ,[ X) \" 33 )3 ( 3 33 3 3
6 3M"3 3, 43 .\ 3 '3M3 )3 3 3 33 3N 3, 3D K23
D . )S" K2 6!6 E 6 4 3"=3 (3 3, 3(6 3S
) "Q 9, . 3 \ 3, 3+" E3D\3 K23"3 ( 43S
( - ++.
2 - 8-6 )!S +;6

[ 4 , E3+)!3S 3+ -)*3 ;63 G3"3 323 (43S 3
I33 33, 33 . 14-6 X33U 33633 233 33 ( 336= 33(Q( 3333 233 933"33
+, ;6 ) 45 46 - 7 ) ,P3, XU '3MQ( 3 30 3 3[3
G[ .3 I3O( 3 (3 \3 " 33S( !* 33 ( 3" 3 I3O( 3
( * *M) S( =\ " ,[ .
:14- 6 X -+;6

< 3-6
( 36 3 10 x 10 *3 73S 3 -3*3 3N 3(73+ ;6)3 3M -3
+ ;6.
*? :
E " ;67 IO, ( \ " ) ( LS( !* 33 ( (2r) 3
L = 2r ,. 15-5 XU
: 15- 6 X[ 3-6
204
, -) + ). . (

\ ( 7 - ) S 45 S7 4, L (:
= 10 2 + 10 2 2 r = 10 2 L = 14.4 m
(2r )2
3-8-6)!S !,

,D QS( ;S ( " , 6 Is 3( 43, 43 X3S[) 93 3,K23
: S [ 6 4 ) S 3 3 33J7
) !,"Q 6 *3 k) = 3 3 3(Q 43 ,3S !* 36 3*3S
4 9 46 !, ,.16 -6 XU
* (7 : 16-6 X) - !,+;6

) K2 !, 6+ 3 43 k(3 43 3 73S!* 2.5 X 20 mm -3
( k 4 7S!*P, .4 x 20 mm - *3S" 3 336 43 3!)J 3\,K23
( IO 6O 4 6 !, X*S ) , 1 EM . (17-6 XU)k
K2 P @( (5) * @( * ) (2(; . (3) k
17-6 XU ( !," 4+;6

!(J 4)( 18-6 XU\ 2D ( 433+ 3, ;6 37)3 . 33 433
33SB 33!," 3333+) ;6 (1 E33M 33d33 X33+ (9) 33N 43333 33
N* 4 6 6 I) ). (5
\ X+S
205
= 7 ,U " ) 3M E3D 3 3 *33 X)3 36 [3 (3
\(Q ) (7) G ) (3 / Ks " ) (637 ( -3"(4) 3
.
N( T D M7' 6 N M E E" 6
N (8) !, ! N\. T
: 18 6 : X E+D -+ , ;6 7) .
S7 4-8-6 6 O Q

33 * 33 433 336) 33 933O 3333 @33( -)*33 X 33 33 33633
*' D !6+ 3 43 3, '3S 3U X3 K233 23 3 " 3 933
( Q 6 U( , K2 93 3 3U !! 3, 3 3O23 3\-
XU) 6 K2 ( 4 4BQ ," :
di
dt
L 7 Inductance . X
, 4BQO" 6 M !S QO [ M s( 7 , X+
- ( X"O" 6 s (> ,( D \ - 3623 X3
.2 O\ 4( - (7 , I)S 4 X k 4 ES" I(M 9[X3
K (( S K2D .Side Flash
V = I LT R E + I LT
X K2 IO( U@ 4 M , O" 3 43 !3S3O 33 Q36 3 23
(S . 30 kV/cm( 4\ 2 (Q O 6 * 4 3M 3 X3!,) 363
(L. W,
9-6! 9L
336 !33 33 933 33N!P33, RE 33 K233! 33 33(D 33! 33 33 33)33 433
33d 337 Q33 337! 33 !! 3333 33S \33 K233! 33 33 I33S433
, -) + ). . (
206
"= ,QO ;S 3", 33 3 "* IF X33 3 P,3 3, I)3S 93
3Q( *3 36 3 3 Potential Rise 433S( 3 36 \3 Q3 E3
(Q( 3333( 33! X33+( 337 O" 336 33D33d \ .933S 33*"( 19-6 X33U X33( -3333O
7 , Potential Distribution u+.
19-6 X( - * 6 O .

6 K2"(\ ( 4 "3 36)3( 43 3, 4D3 @3( 3
* Step Voltage . Touch Voltage
4!* 4") 6 6 4 3 X3 *3 3O" 43 3"( 43 X3-3
( = ( T ( \ 9 4 4 (" X3 -33O " 33, )3S
) OU k .
1-9-6
7 6 +M [ S M ( IF ) K ES '3!3
) N S ,"3= ( !3S3S P3, RE 3, 3O23 36 D3 E3S 3
33S( VTR ) (VTR = IF RE 33+ 33 33733 233 33 P33, 33, 33O233
6 D2 3S YU 3!* 3 (VTR = IF RE ) 3* 37 93 3!* 3u3!( 3
! 6 9 3, 20 -6 X3U( 3S23 \3 3O Touch Voltage 3 -3 3D7 3M
M 6 O 2 36 uM3 Y3U 3( -3 Potential Distribution 3O ;3S3, 973
. 19-6 XU
\ X+S
207
20-6 X
= , 7 XU ;S M ,36 36 uM3 IB YU 6 X3 3M 3! 3E3S
233 d33S RB 336!M 433 33 933 RF 433 E33 33)33 33 4!33 4 3333
, YU@, . ! , , ESO M +M ESO 3,= 33 3,. 3O
! 4! -)*3 (Q, 3 Y3U237 (3 3 Safety Shoes23 3
33, I)33SQ33 "3333* 4 33 K233 . 33(27 433 33M u33M( E3333 33S 33 E33S
33M 336 Y33U 33 ) 33233 ( 33M 3 6 u33M33 "* ( X33( u33M( 33M 336 33T!33
.N
( K7 " : 4(+ IF 3M[3 " 3 436 Y3U E3SO>3 .43
N "* E3S! IF X3 3Q3( : 4 3 ! 33 3N RE[3 3
ESdS ) . ( RB + RF 4 D ! @3( X3M3( 37 43( 3
7N X QO 4 ,! ( IF1 x RE ) N s ( 4 43( E 23
, YU 4 .
2-9-6 *
YUO \M 2 - ( 4 9S M ,S )M 4 (x1 x29
,P, 21-6 XU 9 ( T" 37 3, N3S 3 3M IF K 43 3 3 3
4O ( S * Step Voltage( IS 4" 3\) 3 3 @3(
4 u+ ( :
............................6 8
1
1

x1 x 2
I f
2
= Vstep
4 N 9 M 43 ,S ( X2 >> X1) 93 33M Y3U 43 3 33

* *.
208
, -) + ). . (
: 21-6 X *
K2O 6 "M 4( ESO X+ M*3 3 37 36 3 \ 434(3
O U ,[ .
< :4-6
!YL
&Y. *!Y Y Y7 Y Y Y *!Y 'Y
! ,YY &YY
& ; ,&
. 120. .9/ U ;
*! Y3 Y Y ;9Y 1500
d:X7/
9 .1 )
; K9 X 6*!.
9 .2 !, 3 &.9/ ;9 4 9
3 4.8 6*!.
*?:
IF=1500A
=120 .m
r = 0.5 m
120 1500
= I
= 57.29 kV
2 r
2 0.5
2 4 O D ES 6 YU2 = 3 3 D3 X3\3 43 K23! 33M 43
9M 6 O M 9M 6 O 3" 6 uM 93 ,3S 43 E3SO>3 )3 3
9M +M M YU) 3 43 3 3 43 ") E3S 3 3 3 3!)3
.
= VT
* R) IS , 4" : 8 - 6
I 1 1 120 1500 1 1
=

= 1.193 kV
2 x1 x 2
2
4 4.8
= VStep
\ X+S
209
N M M* 6 , EZ 4 *5 62 .YU

X[ X K2: U
! M s+ N S

2 r
333*M333d 333 3336 !333 @333333D 3336 333s 333N4333 3336O 333
d " [ , K2 M 3, 3" 33S! !3S
4 N 6 O 4 B S Screening Coefficient I)3S R/N23 ;)3
.96
6 s.
,2 4d Q G33
3-9-6R -O
\33 Q333 336 33 X333 433333 333 @33 ;)33 333 333 Q333 4333, 336
333d *333S -333 *333 3336 333O 333 333O 333R 333 "*3335 X333 K2333
d Surface Potential Distribution , SPD 4 XT,d ,3\, .
d 3!,3 3M 3O23 *3 36 @3U 3, 43*! 43*! 3!)43 3
ESO> O "* Xs . 22-6 X3U[! X3 43 3 3O23 36 3D
YR ES 6 uM 9S O > ,: 4
-1* , ,QO 4 S. 22 -6 XU
)R -2@ , Grid QO 4 4. 22-6 XU
22-6 XR - , O @ )R@
4-9-6 - 6 O )R@
, 9P, )R@ ) ( Grid 43 36O 43 33 Meshed
Electrodes33 -33 33, 33O33S 33*s 33 33S 9)33R Meshed Electrodes Equi-
potential \, ! 4*! 4 O 4 s E3Z 3 Q 333 O 433
)R@ , ) 22-6 XU. (4
IO Mesh 3@3 3S "3! 3 36 33" X3M 436E3SO

" 33 @ 93T E3Z 433 "3 Z@33 36 Touch Voltage3R 23 43S 23
, -) + ). . (
210
R) ESO 22-6) XU , ( 4 , O2 6 D ES s3M E3 .
,B * 3O3 Step Voltage 3\M 3,*! 335 3"M 3 3 Mesh
E 36 Is K23 X3"O 3U3 Electrodes 33 Mesh[ 43 ;36 33 Electrodes
X! 5! N ) .
= D Grid Meshed )+Q 3, 3@33* 3 Substations
M "* X 6 , EZ 4 , 3M 3 = [3 43 !;3
! Ns+ X[ , K2 = .*)S , - K23 Grid3 [3
"! 6 , X5 ) 4s = 3* 3, 3 3O" 323 35 *3
2 " k!, .
10-6 U 9 5
@ = k3!, Y3 3) X3 3U3 3 3 35 @3 3 Power 43S
5 4 Quality @+ 2s . " J 4 @3 3*! "3 3+ 36 2s3
4:
-1@ ). Solidly Earthing R
-2@5 ! . Resistance Grounding
-3@5 ". Reactance Grounding M
-4 ED"Q . Isolated System
1-10-6@ )Solidly Earthing R
,2 D *! X+" )R P @3 Q323 3D @ 36 933 X3*63N
P, 6 O = Faulty PhaseQ 46 3O"3 3 = E3Z 43 "3 \ .3 3 Q3
U "* X ,2 D I)S\ M "*! X33 3 "3 36 43
IO 35Q3S X33D )3 3 E3M ( CBs3 !3R 3+ =\3 -3M
3 3" Z 3 3 Rupture Capacity \3 3 23 3\, I3s3S 23 3 -3
O \.k!, T
2-10-6@5 ! Resistance Grounding
D 5 R - -N!3R) 3+ 3 !* 3"3 3, 3
2-6 XU ;S , -N IO[ @ Earthing Transformer 3, 3X3U
. 23-6
: 23 -6 XR @.
\ X+S
211
3-10-6@5 "Reactance Grounding M
9,S *! 4 Reactor@ Neutral 3)3 3M3 3 Reactance 3

M , T\5 "* )S X M 4 % 60 -25 6 3, 3+M Solidly Earthed 3
IO= Q \ 46 [ 4 IO G \ R *! M ,".
4-10-6 ED"Q Isolated System
= GR 4 K2 uT 5 D D 36 @3 3*! "3 *! 3 3M 3R 323
D , 2 \ X+2 D ) , K 9[ "*3" X3 "3
S 95 4 - "* X + , -M3 3 s3 3S 3 k3!,
5 [\ U O Stray Capacitance 9 23 3D ") 3[ 33+M
Q 9 XM\ 4 G - S " 3, 93 - -3M 3 X3 3UX
6 X) 6 .[ :

X)M Z X*6U "* X , I)S 6 +M .

"*5 X K2[\ I)S R " .Repeated Arcing
\ ) ,O )S.
uN G" "* X[ , X K2. D
, EZ 4 D =.
11-6 U 937

,QO ;S 46 Z@ *! " + 6 2s ,2 Q3O 3S, 3S5 436
, "BR ED"@ E S " s 6 G3S 3 u33 3, 3
," 4 M @+ 2s 33 @33" .G3S3 3+ K23
* S:
TN-S.
TN-C.
TN-C-S.
IT.
TT.
M5 " ") 46 E QD X 46 5 :
T 4 !U \ Terre S" . Earth
N" k5" . Neutral
C" U WR . Combined
S" . Separate +\ WR
I" Q" WR= . Isolated
4 E D 43 ED3 3S !3S Q3J 3! 3 3*! X3"3 Neutral
93 Point9 5 4: 4Z
) , D ) ( T
"Q ,) Isolated D ) ( I D . IT
[ [ , - D @ 93 . 7
, [ :
: T 9 7 X3+\ 3N23 " 3 X3+\ 93436 3
N+ 2 ) + T T GS5 3D 3, 3 TT
.
, -) + ). . (
212
33 33", N @33 336 33M6 933 G33S33 . Neutral 33M6 K233 33
IS [ . -
, [ M C ,D :
TN-C 93,3 k353 Neutral k35 Protective Earth, PE 3N[3 3*5
U 3J 43 ,3S3+ 3 G3SP3, E3Z 43 k35@3 G3S
") " - " Combined " " Neutral 4 .N-C 4,
M [ S ,D :
TN-S 9, k5" N k5 4+\ PE N3J 3 43 ,3S3+
G3S k35 E3Z 43@3 G3S") k35 436 " Separate " =3+\ 33 "
" Neutral 4 . N-S 4,
M Z - ,D :
TN-C-S 933,33 k33533 Neutral k335 33*5 (PE) 33N33 33J 433 ,33S
33+ '33 X533 33 G33S 33 33 33, Combined233 Q33O 33
\333+ '333 X3335 )333+, G333S Separate k3335@333 G333S333
" k5 - " Combined " Q , " Neutral 4 9 " )U 46 Separate T
" Q , " Neutral 5 4 2 D.
, \ X[ 46 K2.D
1-11-6D S-TN :
,2 D !* @ 6+ . 4 N, 9 @35 3+

) 33 43333S ( T33 k335 33T@33 X33+\ G33S k335 4336 Separate 3333
J Neutral 4 ,S+ GS! 6+ k!, ,. 24-6 XU
D : 24-6 XR TN-S
IO= \ 43 E3 E3 3 3B35 X3 k3 3N3 3O X33 3J 36 Power
4 ,S+ 2, GS 6 -M " Cable Sheath X3
S *! k@ 6 *! GS@ 6 + K2 " X
*)" * 4 X GS + , .X+\ X
2 D , "BR ! S 4@ Q 4 GS 3+ 2s3
"* X N 6 4 .GS") 9 )R 3N3 3O \3. k3
\ X+S
213
M) )"* ; *@ - Q K2 +M 4 !! 6 -O )3R 3Ok3
6 )R O\ ,N ! @3 )3R 36 E"3 G3S 3N3 " 3
)R , X*6 O k 4 , I)S -, 6 O*5 E! GS -O,)
!33 [ \33" 33, X3333" . 33 33 33, -33*M 33" 33, X33 33 !*33J 336 33
,S M J 4 -+ GS" Q GS > .N
2-11-6D [ C-TN :
33,233 33D 3 S X33"33 Neutral k33@33 33, E33Z 433 !* 33@33 33 336
33+ ) 33 43333S ( T33 33 k335 433 Combined@33 PE G33Sk335
" , , N *5 -M3 3J 36 43 ,3S3+ 3 G3S 3 33, 3N
. 25-6 X3U23 3S23 3D 3T3 .(Protective Earthing Neutral) PEN- system23
D 3, -BR 3 3 3 [3 3,=3 3 . 433 3, 9 k3!, 3
' 2s + 4 5 = + 4 )U" .
D : 25-6 XR TN-C
QD @ 9+M , X U k5 4" k5 4 N") 9

, -*M2 kU , !* J 6 -, ,S 3S " 36 3 G3S3
*5 EM = ' .Q
3-11-6D [S-C-TN :
[ , 6R D BQ 6 U , !SD [@3 3 43 X3+,3N
"33 X33533 433 k33!, G33S33 Neutral33U 33N 33! 33, 433 ,33SG33S
+ ) (26-6 XR 3 X3 , E3Z 45 X3 3 3 3, -3*M X33 Neutral 3
2B", 4 @ Z *6 4SO.4
, -) + ). . (
214
D : 26-6 XR TN-C-S
N K2!* \ P, 4 4Z 6 4S2 D ,: 27-6 XU
U 27-6 XRTN-C-S X
", 6 X*6!* P, 1- D ,D " >J 4! "* X +
U 4 X U , -*M X" 6!* 2B", [ 2- X3
" ) 6 4 4!* ( 2- @ Z G3S[) 3 E3 = 93 3 933*6( "3U
O" 6 X" Q.9
" U X 3!, !S3! '\3N @3 35 3, 3 28-6 X3U36 3S23 3D 3
= . Protective Multiple Earthing, PME , K2 !* 6 -!* E 2-
U X "* X J; 5 , E + X)M X Q GSO.
D : 28-6 XR PME
\ X+S
215
4-11-6D IT : -
3333D 33233 33 33*! 933,"33 33633+ "Q Isolated 33@33 Q33 33 "*X33
9, N 4 s X D@ 5 = M 9 "U 9 = > 6 Z3
2s )U K2!* 5 " " , T\ 93 43 X3[ 3 "3 3,
\3US " 33"33 3 d 33*!= 33S 33 3, -33 . -33+ 3D Q33 K233 33M
, )6 )+ K2*)! !! *! O, " \ - ) ! D5 M
\ Q M M )+ 6 436 KQ3 *)" 3 = E3Z 433+
= *)! *!= S .5 U 23 3D k3!, I3)3U "Q3
))R 2s )U J s"(.
5-11-6D TT :
[ D D S @ ), R X+, *! 4@ 6 + 43

@ GS , . 29-6 XU! X 3*! 43 k"* X33+ 2s3
33"33 33 "* 335 X33 G33S, 3333" )33 33U 4336 X )33U" 3333U G233X
4S5 -)* 4 . 42 QS ! )R X" GS N 93, E3Z 43
[ \ ,3N 33 I3 M 3N 33S I Earth Leakage Protection 3N3
"Q= 46 Q M )U NS.I
D : 29-6 XR TT
IO U !* 9 IO= S 3D 3D -3 TN-S-C @3 )3R
D , TT , ", . 30-6 XU 6 X*6!* 3 1-33 "*35 X3 !3
O ) N,3S (135 3T ! 3@33+ 2s 3N,) 33S P3, ( 10
2s S P, 220 V "*3S X ) ( 220V 11= 20A23 3 I)3S
33 33, k335 336 ( 20A x 10 = 200V ) 933M 33"33 33 33U I)33S 33!) X433S
= .)U 9 GS[ 9@ R) T 'Z K2 U I)3S, EZ 43
D@.4\
, -) + ). . (
216
6 : 30-6 XR D@ )R , TN-C-S & TT

, IO D TT:
-1 IO k k N" .
-2 IO k N . K
-3 " - )6 k5" 6 k5 9. N
-4 - k N@ )U N. GS
= 3D , 9@33 43 TT! X3U 33d 3NQ3O ) 43 3!3
3B 3 23 Earth Fault " I3\3 )3R 36 3N G3S )3R 3", 3, 3SB
N X2 * I= )M .
12-6* ? (Corrosion) d
4 IRd ED@ ' 5 2 \ M X+" U X= ,3N

*6 M6 4 K2U X X 4, .B" 9 3" 3 \3
\+ , k IJ 42 4" , 4 3 - 9P, IJ '3M 3
X , I)S G \" Xd 2 > " [ .
) 4O 6-6 I33" 3\O 43"3 ") 3"3 [ 33" 43 3 35 3
, 9!)S [, I I+ 4\O[ 43 3 3 )3, 3 3O ( '3, 0.8) 343
[ 42,) I O ) .( ', 0.4
: 6-6 " "
"
/I 4\O

I+2 = +

\T

2/I)4
O(',) \O
-1.05
-0.75
-0.6
-0.55
-0.25
0.0
+0.1
+0.15
X) 6[ 4 I+O , 4\O @ 4 3 P3, G3

> X I+= + @ N M 4 43 !)J 93 3O
\ X+S
217
\" Xd ." " 6 B\ , 3O 43 3\O" 43 Y 9Y
? 9 < ! N X /7! 73 /7!.
= 2 I " T\ 9 = 4 X3 !3 -3N 43
"= . @ , )S 52 I !,3+ 9 3623 3O3M 3 3+4
)M , M E E = 4S*) -*!, -2) \ M.I)S
N @ IO, 4\ 4" 4 6 ! :
IO T , * .
4.J
4 XS s \ I3O E3\ 36 33 3 X3
6.
I33O= 33 "33 [ 33 33 E33S 33"33 33U 33S E33SO)33 33 E33Z 433
+ ) 62 " X"3 [ 3 3J I33S -3 3 Z3 -3 3S6
33S 33 ( [33, 3333 X33 433 I33+ 433\O 33 33 3333 @33
IO, E G3R *3 k 43\O I33R 3 43 k 3 3 X3S3R 3sk
, I+ 33 3 93 433d 3N = .3 3 3 343 3
P, ES) 2 9 X[ 4 3 33R 3 43 k 3 P3,
) I+ 2 9 X); ,.
; 13-6 ; . d
6 3J !3 !3D 3 3N 43 k3S X3*3 3, 3S23 3O J!3
"\ \, . "O K2*! S 6S ) (C & P"N 43 )3 ,S 6
d E 3SB3 3M ! 93 3, 3 . 31-6 X3U 3)3 3J 3d 3, 63S
C 4 ,S = E! 6 100 m 46 X -Nd u3+ 3, P,3S
C 4 E+ X C 4 EZ E! 3 3, (A) 3 3O23 3D
6\ ) (V ! d . Re= V/I
46 =3)5 G33d P 3 9"3N 43 3 33S = ,3S K!5 436 X3
+ M 6 k3 235@ EZ!3= . 3 I36 K23*! 3 3 3S 3
" -Nd 46S.4
_ / : ? XLP 63 d ;? ..
GmC trdD
A
V
o
P
50 m
50 m
E
J : 31-6 XR! \ ! O ! N
, -) + ). . (
218
+ 1-7 D Q [ , S! .
: 1-7 M ! .N
14-6P
9

E33233 \33RP X33+ 33" 33,"33d 33+ 33 33+ . 33 33U 33 33336 933
D YR" + 9P, B IO= " 6 X! 3 K '3 93 23
"; M) , 9 -3M 3 3 k3!, CPR \33!d 63 K 36"43 3
!, G) YU2 + K I EZ 96 , 3M)3 933 3")JE3
@ Z 63 3" 43 3M .3 k!3S23 3U 3 3 43 3O Y3U 33
96 - 9P, M - 9M 6 936 IO " 3*) I3 3M 3+3 '))3 3M
* M " 9. G
" 3,"3d 36 33 33 333 3633+ " 3 43 933+33 : [33, B3
@ + 6 M " 96 IO, !"+ O K!, , 9"N I EZ ,\ 9
@ *s 4 ) S 9O6Q 4 )MS \ 93S 93)M X36
T*) I = + S " " X E) 96 6 " W
d.
!,+ ) 96 ( - X6 \ 9S \, 9)M K23 3 I3O 33+
6 \ 96 G 3Q ) 3S !3T )" 936 33R * 4@3 93 433U
! > 9 4 4 S G+ 9 3) 43*M 3"*M 93U
U [ T*). I
P, + = \ 46 9)M uM" 43, X33T 3, K23 3" 36 X336 3 93
*! 6\ (32-6 XR) 6+! 5 G ! I IO2 @ \ 3
, 4! + \ = Q , uM! 5-4 436 I323 ;B3M P3, !3 E,"3d
IO 6S!+ , d 3" 93! EZ G3 33M 3 I3 3
,"d .9
\ X+S
219
*5 32-6 XR CPR
, -) + ). . (
220
221
\ X+-S
)?
7
UP

, -) + ). . (
222
7
)?
7
UP

1-7 U3P
Nd Lighting 3!3 3N *3 36 3R 43 43 3 4"3 33O .43
Nd , ) US " , + 6! ES" 4 ED6 46 E" E E k
*; +d 3Nd 3, E3S ! ;3=!3 \3S 3S 936 3, 3,3M
9 I , 6 D, Sd ", .9 3Nd 3S3 3
Q 3 " X3 936 43S YM33 " X33*5 K \33 *3 36 .3
IOP, 5 3O 23 )23 u"3N I)3S3Nd I)3S[ 43 3" ,3Nd I3 3[43 3
*5 . M+ Sd + O\ R T 3 " 93 3 I)3S -33S 3M
" 4 , !N[ 4 d +6.
E33+33 33N 336 33 E33+, 33 33 33 33 33 @ 33, 2335=33)6
*) +"! YB+ 6Sd [ X S"T 4 M 6 Q
) 4 ) + 6d )+ )Z . N
,) > E 4 6 :! WS -6 Nd WS 3
" -M 4 6 WSWS 2 \3 G3
, E+ . 4 2 \ , X+2 .
* 2-7
Sd 3+6 23 X3)M 33 3 3 3, Y!33Nd *)"3Nd 3 63+
Xs, X6UU S + ' s 4 N 63+
2) , ,D EZ * ! Nd -* M 3Sd 363, E 3
9 3+ 3T 3",\3 36 33O K XB3 3, E 3 )3
= 36 33S I3 )3+ Q3
-N,"R 6 "U Q BN , 3 \T
k)3T ")3+ X3
43!* 3M 43
6 4"S 36 6S Q33T 3, 93, X"3
2, S 4 93 ,) 3 43 3 4O3S3 3 )3+ 3, 3 3
1784 Argand 9 I * )( kQ 4 QNd ) ) 9)U
O (+ ) 3 33 3, 43S 3+ 33 B3N 36 3[3 43
\ " . E" U \ k) Q' ) 4' O( ' )6 4S 4,
= G3 93 3 3+ 3 3+ 36 3M -3+\ 3 43=36 X3*), 36
U ' Q.
R ! U6 -* )3 3,!3 3Nd 36 63+3 3s *)"3, 3
=33 33 33 E33Z33s 33S 433\ E33233 9"3333 E33 =33 William
Murdock ,N R .1820
U , k! U6 - 3Z 3, 36!3 3Nd 3 3I3J
, Z) " USd !, ' ,Nd 3 !3 43)*M 43 3B
4 3J 23 3 3S 3,3 3U 3,3 )3 "*3N 3 M "J3)43 3
T *)".
= 335 )33+ B33 G33S\ 3333 1878 3333 *33 " 3333, 33
3Nd 3 .3 43 9"3O 33 3S 3, Thomas Edison=3 3
Q 96 U 4 N X XR B * M! ".
223
\ X+-S
Q ," ET ,Q - u ) EZ (1880 XsR)3 \Q4B3

, 4O" 6 X 4S K2 + J6 )" G 4Ss5 T
\+ XB X )+ s EZ 4 .(G
' * ,Nd 6+ 33 I3\ 3s (Vapour Tubes) 3
INd ") X ! B X5) \ 4 3 43 3M
)T ( 3 ) ;3)BQ3T 3Q X3B (3MG3
X[ +6 [
,\ 1930 4 .19403R 3M "3 K23 3, I33Nd 3Q 3, -3+Q34
2[3Z 43!3 "3U 43 3 " 3 43 3S X3T, XB3" 3, 33Nd
5 " , )+ E \' .Fluorescent
! J S [ T , u+[ 4! "3U 36 4 I3\ 3s3, 3
)+ \ ;)BQ" ks3T)3+ \ 33+ " 3 ks3T 3T23 3, X"3
N U ) Z " , X Q3 3 3 33N 3R .3 43
5 , QO2 + )+ \ 2 S Q Xenon X * M" 2
N 9)UN K 3U!) E3Z . 3 '365)3 ,3 ) E3Z (19783 *3 3) 3, X3B
)3 s3+ " Light Emitted Diode , LED E3 3,3 3, s3!3 )3, 3
Nd W, M )+ Nd ,.X)!S
3-7, F 9 U3P
X)M) , 6 + 3d 3U 3 3 3 3 3" 3"3 63S
X6 9 , .Q E+ :
")JT ) 9 9,J S"5 9 4 X3[ ) 93="3 Reflection
=U Diffusion. (
333333 333 333, 333S333S 333Nd ) \333R Flux 333 =333T
Illumination, E Glare Q. (
Nd ) 33 3 Color Rendering 33
\ BT + Brightness.(
S =T .
) + I = XsU(
,N *) 5 36 D 3" 3*)!3 X)3 36[3 36 E3+3N
U GP, *) " !"J .
" " 6 4 K2 P, >3 )3+ 3*5 3 E3+\3+
)N 5 ( 9MJ)6 9\ .*) -*S 4, - ,\+ XK23
,2 \" \ X+ E! 3 43 X3 43 3K23
.
4-7P ,
4" U + X*3M !) 3 36 3 3T *)" 3 X343 3
33)6 33U 33MJ 433633 X33R 336 6"33R 33SJs! X33 433 33 . 33U*u33
SJs "R SJs ) SJs ( ,36 X3U
433 336 336O) "33R 33( [ X3333T 33B 33 u "33R 3333 "33R
\Q )6 46 "R Electromagnetic Radiation SJs\;3
" , YB+ , u)" [3 3"O, 5 63S 3U3T 3,\3 ) 3 x
* = 63T = ( 3 x 108 m/s 3 3" 3 436 Q3 43 3 3 @= 3
k ! X[ 95 X + [ = ! , X\3 . 33, 3 3, u3
3 . Frequency
36 43 [3 3, YB3+ 3, u3*3 Wavelength 3
)" K2 Z ) ' ( )" 5 Z3 ) (3 3Z3 )3,
)\ (OS2 .
, -) + ). . (
224
T B 3, 3U\3 33M 3Z 63S 3 3 x 108 m/s3 3 7.5 43
1014 1014 4 Q33 33J G33 33 33 ) 33 33 750 43333T (33400
)3T )\3O 3, (O3S * u3 3B Electromagnetic Spectrum 3S*s23
@ 4 u :)\, OS , T5, ,\ ),! , 3 3 3, 3NX3U
.1-7
4 2 * XR 6 u Q 3, 3D3S "!3 3 * 3"3 !3 Q3M.
*! T B!O , - "R 3 )3R 3 IO3S" 43 23 43 43 33R 43
= IOS" 4 "R5 )2 M S X[ (B "R, "R
)\ OS "R ' . , X3 3, 43 u3U K236"3Rd = 5 XB3X3[ 3
"3R '3 3 3, Q3 3 3 3", 3 36 3)!3 "3Rd 3
*; 4 S.
=O : 1-7 XR SJs

X 4 3O , * u33J 3B 35 3 3, 93 33J 3J
33, 33* u33 33 33B33 )\ O33S 33+M33J . 33 33 K23333 33T" -33
)" "* .3 X33T 3 33 *3S u3 3U 3, 32-7 X3U
) (S X Q 5 9J IS .
225
\ X+-S
U : 2-7 XR X ZZT

6+d " 36"3 23 * u3 43 3SJs 3S 36 J!3"3, 43
" 33 3 M3 Y33 3 G23 K3 23 3!) )3S3 .3
+ -O B K2=" )R 6".4
1-4-7Nd 6+
33 33O 33 433 33\ 33U K233 33 33SJs33 33 33), 336
33 33N 33U 633 9)33U33T *)"33O, . 33 33 23 433 @33U2332 33SO
U X5 " " O 3 3, 3>3 3)"3 u3J.3SJs
" * "R 3SJs)"[ 36 3 33Z 3U 363 3 3,
3 s EZ 4 )3+ 33 I3S 3 3, 3S 9"3+3 3 =! .3
U ) ; 93 9 )Y !Y Y UY 3Y. Y &Y ,Y

& , . K
5-7 X 6
33D 336P33, 33 E33S 33 33N " 433 33S 933S\ E33SO X533 33633 93333 336.)33U
!)J )U 4 !M OS5> *s IO u" 4 4 X5 6 43
T S . Y K2 " EDT 2 6 k!S )U 93 33R E3Z 3B
! X K2Rd ) (BT J+6 ! .9
33,"336 433 5 433 3333+d : 33 33 33J 33 4336 W33S 33\ X3333
- EBT 5 .4!M [ , =* 436 W3S 33R
S" )O D 6 ;BM - EBT.
" 4 X \ S 43 X3M@, 3S 33 3 363S
[ Z : 3 3T5 3 \323 3, K233 [ 3Z 3 3,3R
U6 .B " 4" dS \ 2 ,S 2 B ,R
S , XT, X 2 .4!BS[ " 4
T5 M5 KZ 9 u+ : X , O! : E
T5)

' " ) ) Z E6 (20
' E Z
"
3U E"3 )" (22
Q3 E 3
2
T, 4! ER E J ) (21
Sd.
4 G2 T5 .\+, 6 \ + " 4@Z
= + 96 Nd . 4,
6-7 9/ P
X33)M533 33,33S \33+ 33+ 33Nd 336 I33O!33 33 ")33 3333
S[ ,S Nd :
, -) + ). . (
226
1-6-7\ Luminous Flux BT
Q 9 Q (F) Q") 436 3 3S"3! 43 B3T 43 3O"3Rd "3
@ 9 T )" 3, 3[3+ 43 3 B3N!3 \ 3 B3T3 43 3S
) (Lumen. (Lm) Q Q
u \ )" 4 + 36 IS3M )3+, 3! 43SO 100 3
, 4 1200 4 ) 3\3! '3 40 33 43 2400)3+ 3
M ;)BQ 100 , . 4 3600
R 2-6-7 Nd )(Luminous Intensity
(I) Q33 33 Q33 ")33M 4336 33 33+ 336 B33T)"33 \ 33 33, B33T33 K33O
!3 3 3S "3U Candela 3 Q33 ) (cd !3 3 3 ) (candle power
.( Cp) Q Q[" X :
=I
Lm / Sr....................7 1
Q SO Q \ (Solid Angle) ! 3S *3S3T A!3
Steradian, Sr 3, D 3-7 X3U"3 @ 3Q 36 3 Q3!Q3O 3 43
* )2 QO S 9 S u+ -!*( 6 1=
. A = r2
: 3-7 XRQ \
R 3-6-7 =T )(Illumination
E Q Q" @ \ ( Lm) B3T6 *M3S 36 33 3S 43 A
2 *S[" X :
=E
lux.................................7 2
A
*!( :
O 4 *; 6 IR *+ E 6 G2 Nd 4 = 4 \; 33
P, [ XM )+ 3R 9 3N @), 20 cd 3+! 33 Luminous Intensity, I 3 X3M
R 3Nd [33S 3+! -)*3), 20 Lux3 23 Illumination, E I3=) K3 "43 3
- S \ " s, 4 " 6\Q S 9 3\3
, S IS S , *S S . ES 4 , Q 3R *3+
Td E R Nd . I
4-6-7 !*) Polar Curves
3S3 3T 3R -3 3Nd 43, Luminous Intensity"3 3T 3+ 43

3+ = B3N33 3, I33s 33S 3 -33 3,=O3 3333R 3s 43 933
335 33!, 33 M 33 '33)33+ )33R 33M X33M 33, 33" 335 K33O 33R 33Nd u33
5 Q \ . 323 "* X3R 33R 3s 3Nd 4335 3 )3+ )3S
" 4 Polar Curve S 4-7 XU[ X 2 . 4 ,23 X3U3O ;3S
R N 2 )+ [ 6Q - 20 X\3 33S 6643 3R 3 3Nd
\ X+-S
227
)R ' )+ ) 716 . 43 X3R 3, E 3 3 !*)36 ,3NP 3+ 3
ReflectorsR . 6
R IS Nd + 6 ! * !R E Nd )( -3 3,=O3
"3 3M k3 3@ 3T "3R ( Mean Spherical Candle Power) 3Q3 3 Q3
.MSCP
: 4-7 XRR - =T
5-6-7+ ) )Brightness
6 :
+ + BT L Q 9 Q! ).
+ ESO -2 ! 96 kT B Q 9 Q! . Lux
"3 3+ 3+ 93@ B3T3R 43 )3S 3Nd 3S D3+ 3 B3TE3
") 46+ "
I
Cp / cm 2 ........................7 3
S
S S D + 3T !3 3+ 3 .Lambert 3S)3 3
" "R , S .-O 1-7) ! + 4 " + . BT
=L
+ ESO) - Q!, ( B Q 9 4 IS" :

+ R = ESO =T x 96" *S-
B = E (Lux) x Reflectance
X6=" , Reflectance" !S " * MT 96 kMS K3
*S, " 33T 3, %100 )3S = 43Q X36 3="3 *3S3 %2 36
) X6="3 *3S3 43 %40 33T P3, .936 kM3S '3=3T 3 10
X6" T *S P, %50 + 2 *S" . 5
, -) + ). . (
228
! )( Lambert
9
10
U
8
)+ 10 ;)BQ
5
10
S
3
10
,'
1
10
N Q
9
+ : 1-7 " +
6-6-7) Q)( Glare
6 Q D + U BN M+ 2 + 3) 1.5 43 6
EM 4 NO ;S + M 9 U B2 = -*S J D 3= 93
) 3 .33Q 3 @33O '33\ ")3=) K3 3333) -3N [33 E3 3R 33+ Q33
WJ5 4 X"O X D 3R) K+ "3 3\ 936 3Q 33+ 43) 33
E+, D JNd 4 6 , I)S* 2 4 =), D"3P, X3
\ K 9"O 46 KD.
7-7 ! ! !9/ P
Nd *)" @ + 4 3N 3")J 33Nd [3S 3S, 3B 3
)3 53 u3 '3M3+, 3S -3M)" k35 436 3=3 3*! 3
33 G3333 3333Nd *)" 33 336 33"M*33S 33, 33!,33 4336 ,33U 433
, 0.0005 3) D! (3 3, 3 0.3 3!3 3)3 10000
!) 3 '3 "3R 3U)3R . 36! E3 u3+3 3 3d 3! 3P, 63+
! + *)" 5 4 6 :
1-7-7 )! (X
4" N )+ , !! 43 36O 433 ) 3" 3 33 3
)+ P, T 4 kMS)+ 6 ", ESO k!, D9 ESO
*)" 6 , P, G N )+ 4 s ESO !! 2 , ESO !! 4D
M N , 9 2 6 , IS N 6+
uMS,\ !! 6 M " S 4 N .
+ S > Z ) 3 36 93 K*)"!3 3", 3 3N 3
ES 6 93P, [3 3" 33 3 )3S \3 3 3 3S 3 35 3P,
" Y [ 6O 4 I3T kM3S3 s3S, 3 E3SO
T . 4 P, 4 ! )+ M 3N 43 43 3 )"3
BN uJ 9 3 363 [ 3Z) 3 3 3T5( )3S \3 3, 3
N '5 K2 )S " )+ X! 46 @.
K2"M ") *+ 6 " : ! X " CRI 3 3S3 Color Index
Rendering )6 46 4 EM\ , 100M 4 " ) CRI 100 EM 3
6 G\ \ )+ , 6!!. 9
\ X+-S
229
" EDU + O+ 4N X3*\3T 3 3+3, 3
5-7 XU2 D X*\ [ )+ 4 ! 3T 3D .Noon Sunlight 43K23
! -*S N +\ , .
: 5-7 XR X*\ )" +
D 2-7-7
N u+ )+ T 9 D IS Z W,:

)( .
) k. (T5
) ,( .
K2\+ IO 6+5 E+ ,Nd 3 936 I3O35 3T
, I X) 6 I[ D,)3+ 3s I3 3 33 3 [3 ,
I ) N I2.
3-7-7
4" ESO 9 s\ 9 )3 3,3 3 33E3Z 4

-3\33 3 933 33 3), 33! E33Z 3 3, \33Q33 K233 43*!33
u33 33 33 )33+ 433 33 33 433 33 33 G33 E33SO33 .233 !33 33U
" u )+ ES 4S " \ -U,2 3 3T,
+ )+ 4 ,' 9)UT 4 ES 4S 3500\) 4 33 \= 43
3W= . (273 + 3 3 33 3 Day Light Lamp3S 6500\ 43 3 3
* .U , DO . 2-7
: 2-7 "+ Nd
9 !
*
6 I )'
1700 K
"R I
1850 K
) 4SO
28003300 K
) Nd s
3400 K
) I
4100 K
) N
55006000 K
RR CRT
9300 K
230
, -) + ). . (
@ S 6 K2M = " 3!* 3 33 )3+ X3 3 93S 36 3")3
Q 46 k!,= K2 Q, * 6 B)+.
4-7-7\ BT
S 2 436 3)" *+ E3O\ 33+ 433+ X3 3M 43 3+ .23 3",
R)+ GB 4S ?; G6 IO "S D D EM") 462 >S :!Y U6
? , )+ \ 4! \ , \ + 6 3
"3 36 93 3, 36\3 : 3 ) .B3T 36\3 D B3N 3 )3+ 33\ -
" \! - X 4 680 ( . 3, EZ 4 '3M\3 43 B3T23 EM3 33
)+ M [.

7/ 8-7 9 F )(Illumination
U 5 )" M 3S3S "3R =3T" 3S " 3R 3Nd " 3
Q R *+ =T 6 Q E 46 3R 46 3Nd 3 3+! 33 . I E33
! + E Q3 3 Q3"3 @ 3 3\ 3 ( Lm) B3T6 *M3S36 3
S 4 A2 *S[" X :
=E
lux.................................7 4
A
M =T LuxS 3, Lm/m2!3 3 33 3M ,33T
) R * 6 kMS)" 3 3+ 436 3*! B3N"3 "3R3 33S 3T
333 33, 33 .-33!33 33R =33T 33, E=33 33 33M/433 33 2
M/"R 2 S T + "R 46 3S *3 36 kM3M 9 " 33
M ,S 6 3 ) .(E330 3M/43 2"3 !) 3 10.76)" I3 33S . (3 10
!33 33N 33N 33 )33 433 33R 33 33*s 33T 33 10.000 33 "33 1000
M/4 2!).
M 1-8-7 -"S
4 " R =T + E 5 :

and A = R 2 ...........................7 5
= QI
= 2
2
R
R
= E
cd .............................................7 6
lux.............................7 7
= QE
S! 3! 5 -3" 3S 3 93 3T 3R =3T 36 -*3 36 36
KOT - - S6 I 4 (R2 ) ,S) - *S*) -J I R - N
3+ ) . ( I 6-7 X33U)33 K23 !! 33 333 33 33S 433 3R 33Td 33633S
\ . 4 4 N XU 9 " 46+ R '\"N =T .
\ X+-S
231
I
D12
= E1
I
D22
= E2
: 6-7 XR! N -"S

M -3" 3M 3S 36 33 ) -33T 3*! 36 Q3 43 433
" O 3T Q k!3S 36 3\ X3 3 *33 3N 3, 3 7-7 X3U36
" " S R =T [ B *! 6 E
I cos 1
= EB
...............................7 8
2
d1

d1 ,S)R 4+ !* . B
R E =T B *! 6
h \ +
= 5 R =T - - S6 I.,S
1
d3
d1
d2
1
2
3
D
: 7-7 XRS R =T ! 6 "

46 " 6 )+ !S
I
cos 3 1 ...............................7 9
2
h
[ X 4S R =T 6 E!* C D :
I
EC = 2 cos 3 2
h
I
E D = 2 cos 3 3
h
= EB
, -) + ). . (
232
-3 3D -3 K23!33 ) ( A, B, C, D!3S 3, -3 3!, .33 3S23 !3 !33
. Lambert Cosine Law
S K2*!3S 3 *! Point by Point 3 3S !* 3*! 3 3) -3N K23!E3
3 6 Iso-Lux Diagram 3S 3 3, 3D 8-7 X3U23 ) 433R -3 =3T 36
)+ O , N M 250 9 N 6\ M. 8 K
*) - I"+S ,! = [ )3+ 4 3,s3R 3M uM3 3
=T " 6 *! 6!* + 46 Nd 2 QS -T 43-3) X3
363 J 4336 ;3 33 !*) 33!" 36 K233 33 23 33S 3 !33 K23"3
.33S 433 43333 K233*! 33 33 336 33+Z>33 33 33, 3333S 33N
33U "33 33 = 33!= .33 33 )33 33S 33 "* B33 3333U k33!, 33
) 4 U .) +
-M " ED 4+" J 6! , X E+ J! 4 "= N!.
: 8-7 XR . Iso-Lux

= R =T 6 !* EP"* O 4 =T 4 ,3+ N B3T
!) 4 K2!* "
I
E P = 2 cos 3 ........................8 13
N h
= - , Z I N,=O 2 \ M - s 6 s) 3 33 Polar
Curve .
2-8-7*)! M 6 -"S
< 1-7
Y YY
YY
YY }
YY YY YY 9-7 ?YYK 9YY ?YY 6YY3 9YY/ 10 mYY!YY3 3!YY
)YY 5 m },YY 6YY YY IYY9YY YYP YY YY YY 200 cdFLYY .9YY
P 93& 6
7 6 /< <.
\ X+-S
233
*?
X K2 @S=T @ Z)+ [ = 9 XZZ 4[3
P, - R =T T 6 X+ .2 ,
= R =T O)+ L1
3
I cos 1
h2
4 4) )S *S [[ EM ISQ 1
15
1 = tan 1 = 71.5
5
0.316 = cos 1 M S
"
200
E L1 = 2 cos 3 1 = 0.25 lux
5
[ X 4S MQ . 45 = 2 R IS =T O)+ [ : L2
200
E L 2 = 2 cos 3 2 = 2.83 lux
5
EZ 43 3O 3R =3T 43)3+ 4 [ 33S 3.08 lux23 " 3 3R
=T O +" S :
2 * 3.08 = 6.16 ux
= E L1
L3
L4
L2
L1
1
2
5m
10m
5m
5m
10m
[ : 9-7 XR 1-7

7/ 9-7 P 9
, . !6
" S 6Nd * d S " 6 S 3) 336
" .XJ! 4 J! " *S= M 36 36 3, 3 3, 3+"*G3
" 4 I) + + ( 6 6T " " 3 "* G3=3T
6 46 O " 4 4 + 4[ * S 6R Nd .5
J! 4 ) *S ES R =T 3S! k3!,\ 33
6S 235 6 X335 3,=3)6 3, 3[ 43 .433 3T*!3
" \ , +QO .
< 2-7
93 O K 5x8 /7 . 9 , .N - 9! 93 Y 4 !9Y; YL
150 !9
&.7 ) YY 6Y 5Y }
YY7 ?Y 2830 LmY
, -) + ). . (
234
9 YY 9YY3 YY YY 5 ! YY IYYYY ) ?YY ( 4160 Lm YY YY YY 9 YY I_YY

} ! ? 4730 Lm ) 6Y .(Y Y !Y7 9Y YF Y
!,Y7 800 lux
!, 9 6 5 93 6 }
Y ) Y gY .* Y!Y7 9Y YF .Y
!,
) 3 >. 9 )7 %60 6 6
} !9
(&.7
*?:
S !)J R =T * S P, ,s 4* S
4 32000 = 40* 800 = E * A
P, !; \ + 6O 4 + ,[ K2! )"3S, 3 E3+3 3
\ , 96 * :
\ 4 + OS
4 6792 = 0.6 * 2830 * 4
)= , 4 %60 4 k!, \S\ (
\ 4 ) \' S
= 4 12480 =0.6 *5 * 4160
) ET 0.6 ,N R) , ,(
\ 4 ) S, 4
4 14190 = 4730 *3
\ 4 ,4 33462 = 14190+ 12480 +6792 = +
S 4 6 \ * ", + . JS E*! 3= @ 33 3
!M") !) ) S k!, S".
< 3-7
X 9. 120m x 60m /Y7Y Y 9Y; }
Y
_ Y ?Y 9Y/ 1000W Y
! F !/ 9
X
93
12 ) >Y. % 40 6YYP
? YY .XY IY9Y YF 1000 Lm / m2 Y
!, )Y }
Y9 Y7
.30 Lm/W93 X7/
} ?
.
*?
S "= I
120 X 60 = 7600 m2
\ * S
E * A = 7600 x 1000 = 7.6 x 10 Lm

4 % 40\ X+ "P, I \ * 4+
=7.6 x 106 / 0.4 = 19 x 106 Lm
\ * 4 X
= 19 x 10 / 12 = 1.58 X 10 Lm
\ 4)+ X
= 30 Lm/W x 1000W = 3 X 10 Lm
6 , + X
= 1.58 x 10 / 3 x 10 = 52.67 53 Lamp
J 1-9-7! 4"
33, K233*! 33, 25>33 33=33)6 336 6Z>33 X33 336\33 33Nd 33 "33 33,s"X33
=\ " " J , S! 4
N UF L L
= E
........................7 10
A

2
R E =T * . Lm/m
\ X+-S
235
S A S XsU . m2
\ )+ X BT . 4
X" UF=\ Utilization Factor EM 4 XM .
!, X" LLT EM XM 4 T .
6 N . +
6 " !S IO) * :
!, :*9 9! P
!,
Nd 6 ))R R) ( u+Nd @ )R [ 43 %90 43
\ M E . X\ 9 Q K2 4 63Nd !3 =3T k3S, 3 3O3T 93
6 6S QN 6 *S*3 = u!3S)! 3" 3)3+
6 " [ X
) +) = 3O! X3)3! 43 3+ 3U W3T 3! 3 \"3N3Nd 3")3
XD@.) Z
P, 4 Y X3D 43) 3", 3 3N @3O 3)3R 43 %90 3\ 393O
.6 4 6 X+Nd )R -N , , + kB , u!S
Recessed Fixtures J! "* D O 3N 9)3U 3S 3 [X3
K23Nd I3O"3 " I3) 36 3+!3 36!3 @36 3!M " I3 3, 33
u"N\ =\ , 4)+.
P, S 6Nd > , Z )S\S 4\ 3+ 43)3+ 3, 3
\S -M )S) 4\ 3, 33 3Nd )3R 3Nd, 3R) 3s E33
[ = )3S 3!, 3, I)S 4)3 433T 23 3N I3O 3M 433+ 43
)+ , Nd )3R 0.6 3, 43 %60 43 k3!, \3S 3\ 33+ 4323
)+.
E 6 sNd "3 Reflectors 3 @3O 3 33 "3 36 3
" X )+ ! X@ Z Glare Q ,.10-7 XU
T 5 4Nd )R Nd )R " 3Nd " 9)3R)3R "
TNd " 9)RR) s " G 9 )S IST R) kMS 4)+.
: 10-7 XR " ! 4 X ) Q) (

!, < :*9 9!7 9 F
33, K233*33 E33 33S 33 =33T * .33) 43333O 33R E33M 433 33T" 3-7 =33T
) 6 S IS =T ,"3 3 363S 3S Xs3U3S 3 \-3
* 46 ,S 70 4 ) .( 90 cm -\ )(
236
, -) + ). . (

S : 3 -7 R Nd ,\ \ )

7
X

E

O : K
6
M
"J ,
,
, :
6
, * "X
/:
L/ : X
6 , * I!)6M
= 6
O + 6)J
O E**
O E"
& : X
S
S
3 ) :
O kB
O +
. :
M )

)K7
9 P )!(
120
60
150
300
120
120
120
500
300
300
500
120
300
300
500
1000
300
60
1000
300
300
9 P )!(
ES6+
120
O " *)"
300
3 :
,D
Y , ,
:
6
300

500
O, \E
? :
3000
120
500
\ X+-S
237
25"
" XOS
O \ YO
500
1000
300
XB

X)
X
O :
5000
1000
500
T
6 s "
B "
500
1000
- 25000
100000
O :
6
M
60
300
:
; U7 K
O "R
30
, ,
T)
)
9
*_
1000
500
ES6+
=!)
L/ ! :
6
150
J 4Q4

*"E
300
300
120
\+
300
)S
"X
O E
6M 6 d

500
500
500
300
500
*"
120
? :
N 6
N 4 \' D
300
750
:
120
500
, -) + ). . (

N 6
N Q \' D
238
500
3000
!, << :*9 9! 3

}
, E K2* 5 63)* 3!)J 3+ 335 43 G3 3 3U
\.
!,
7/ : Room Index7/ U ? F) Utilization Factor
7/ -1 Room Index
X)MS Room Index factor, k IO= 3S ) Room Cavity ( hRC 3, 3-7 X3U
IS EZ 11 = Room Index 9= " O :
L W
= k
..............7 11
) hRC ( L +W
: 11-7 XRS O, O Room Cavity
7/ -2 ? F)

" " X=\ )3S 9@ Utilization Factor UF\ 33S 36 B3T 3S! Xs3U
6\ 4)+ .2 " X@" Z6 X :
"33 33O )33J 336 L W=\33 ( H Z@3333* 33T 433 ,33S)33+
S (hRC) XsU M25 - K2! 3, E3=3)6 363S 3 Room Index
,* .!S
@ Z UF T " T 4 3 W kB 433N F 43 C u!3S3
,O 12-7 XU @ Z ,) kB (;3 X3 3[3 kB
O 5 4 = . U5 K2O )3+ 43 u 353R 43
5 .
-S X+\
239
Utilization factor =\X" S : 12-7 XR
-3 .Utilization Factor \3= X" ( + IS )5 4-7 O X[

3" 6 5- 7 O 4 = 5 E 4-7 O , D Room Index D
.G U , O K2 X[ 4 .O
d( u) =\X" : 4-7

Ceiling
No
Polar curve
LUMINAIRE
Walls
Room Index
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
75 %
50%
.38
.46
.49
.53
.55
.57
.61
.62
.63
.64
.31
.38
.41
.45
.47
.51
.55
.56
.59
.60
.25
.31
.34
.36
.38
.40
.43
.45
.48
30%
.36
.45
.49
.52
.54
.57
.59
.61
.62
.63
.26
.34
.38
.41
.44
.48
.52
.54
.57
.58
.22
.28
.31
.33
.35
.39
.41
.43
.45
50 %
10%
50%
30%
30 %
10%
COEFFICIENT OF UTILIZATION
.35
.38
.36
.35
.44
.45
.44
.43
.48
.49
.48
.47
.51
.52
.51
.50
.53
.53
.53
.52
.36
.37
.56
.55
.58
.59
.58
.57
.59
.60
.59
.58
.61
.61
.60
.59
.62
.62
.61
.60
.23
.30
.26
.23
.31
.37
.33
.31
.34
.41
.38
.34
.39
.44
.41
.39
.41
.46
.43
.41
.46
.50
.48
.46
.50
.54
.52
.50
.52
.55
.53
.52
.55
.58
.56
.54
.56
.59
.57
.56
.20
.24
.22
.20
.26
.29
.28
.26
.29
.32
.31
.29
.32
.34
.33
.31
.34
.36
.34
.33
.38
.39
.37
.36
.40
.42
.40
.39
.42
.44
.41
.40
.44
.47
.43
.42
30%
10%
.36
.44
.48
.51
.53
.55
.57
.58
.59
.60
.26
.33
.37
.40
.43
.46
.51
.52
.55
.56
.22
.28
.30
.32
.34
.37
.39
.40
.42
.35
.42
.47
.49
.51
.54
.56
.37
.58
.59
.23
.31
.34
.39
.41
.46
.50
.51
.54
.55
.20
.26
.28
.30
.32
.35
.38
.40
.41
240
( .. )+ ) , -

A
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
.50
.52
.55
.57
.58
.59
.61
.63
.64
.65
.66
.38
.47
.51
.55
.58
.63
.68
.70
.73
.74
.34
.42
.46
.50
.53
.57
.61
.63
.66
.47
.49
.53
.55
.57
.58
.60
.62
.64
.65
.66
.32
.42
.47
.51
.54
.60
.64
.67
.70
.72
.29
.38
.42
.46
.49
.54
.58
.60
.64
.46
.47
.51
.53
.55
.57
.59
.61
.63
.64
.65
.28
.39
.44
.48
.51
.57
.61
.63
.68
.70
.25
.35
.39
.43
.46
.51
.55
.57
.61
.48
.51
.54
.56
.57
.58
.60
.61
.63
.64
.65
.37
.46
.50
.54
.57
.62
.66
.68
.71
.72
.33
.41
.44
.48
.51
.56
.59
.61
.64
.46
.49
.52
.54
.56
.57
.59
.61
.63
.64
.65
.32
.41
.47
.51
.53
.59
.64
.65
.68
.70
.29
.37
.42
.45
.47
.52
.56
.58
.60
.45
.47
.51
.53
.55
.56
.58
.60
.62
.63
.64
.28
.38
.43
.47
.51
.56
.61
.64
.67
.68
.25
.34
.39
.41
.44
.50
.54
.56
.59
.45
.48
.51
.53
.55
.56
.58
.60
.62
.63
.64
.31
.40
.46
.50
.52
.58
.63
.64
.67
.69
.28
.37
.41
.44
.47
.52
.56
.58
.60
.44
.47
.50
.53
.54
.56
.57
.59
.61
62
.63
.28
.37
.43
.47
.50
.53
.60
.62
.66
.67
.25
.34
.39
.41
.44
.50
.54
.56
.59
.67
.63
.62
.66
.62
.61
.62
.60
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
.33
.41
.45
.48
.51
.55
.60
.61
.64
.63
.28
.37
.41
.45
.48
.53
.57
.59
.62
.63
.25
.34
.38
.42
.45
.50
.54
.56
.60
.61
.33
.40
.44
.48
.50
.55
.58
.60
.62
.64
.28
.36
.41
.45
.47
.52
.56
.57
.60
.62
.25
.33
.38
.42
.45
.50
.54
.56
.59
.60
.28
.36
.40
.43
.46
.51
.55
.57
.60
.61
.25
.33
.38
.42
.45
.50
.54
.55
.58
.60
\ X+-S
7.20 6.30
6.00 510
5.00 4.20
X" :5-7 O )(Ri
) ) &.7(
9.0 750
10.80-9.10
15.0-11.10
3.50 3.00
!7 ! g },) ?K(
7.20 6.10
4.0 3.60
J
J
I
I
H
J
J
I
H
H
5.0 4.20
J
J
J
I
J
J
J
I
I
6.00 5.10
J
J
J
J
J
J
H
I
J
J
H
J
J
I
J
I
H
H
G
J
I
I
H
J
J
J
I
!, 7 7/ : 93

}
" S , UF* " S , LL* S" 3M 3\ 33+
4)+ 2 E5 , K* [[ " S =T * E E ,
* [ " X G 4S 6 N + " XU EB " :
EA
=N
................................7 12
UF LL

R E =T * . Lm/m2
S A S XsU . m2
\ )+ X BT . 4
J
J
J
!, 7/ : 7 ? 9.! )? (.

6 X"S\ + J P, \ @5 GR= Z K2\3 "3 6X3
33 33 33s Xs33U 33" 33s ="33 "=33 33 33+ 336 33+
33S 33T 33,D)33 X33 K233=33)6 > 33, 2335=33)6 336" 33!, X33" 43333T .LL
X" M 0.76 4 + , 1 + , D 4) 0.66 43 9M
, 0.75 + D d.
? *L
9.00 7.50
10.80-9.10
15.00-11.10
241
242
, -) + ). . (
X" UF=\ Utilization Factor EM 4 XM .

!, X" LLT EM XM 4 T .
6 N . +
- D " U T 6 + 4 6 X+" 1.25 3, !3S"X3
s ,N D . , [ J ;)* 6! 4".
")33 335 33+6 u33T\33 )33+ 33, B33T=33)6 E33Z 433 )33+" 33336 !33S
+ :
EA
=N
P LampUF LL
Lamp\ ) ) ( Lm/W
M P )+
!, :
7!
}
6 (N) M 4 S" M6 !S S E! I! S 3"3 3+
)R[) 10.3 :11 )+2( . 4 6 d EM2 !; 6
- K2 11 [,) 4 12 "* 2 -6 u 3N
3\ 4(.
< 4-7
!, U X
Y 14 x 7 Y)Y 3 &.Y7 Y !Y7 YF Y
!,
7
3 1000 Lux %70 &.7*!> % 50 %20 !Y7
? ) U 75 6 9/ P 9 7 ;9 ! 2250 6 Y.*IY

&.7.U 60 7
*?:
IO= O, O hRCS
HRC = 3 0.6 - 0.75 = 1.65 m
" EZ" O
L
= 14m
= W
7m
H
= 3m
IS ) Room Index -" ( 11-7
L W
14 7
=
= 2 .8
) hRC (L + W ) 1.65(14 + 7
=k
" 33 K233!) 33!33 33, 3 33 (12-7 X33U" 33 )33S 3 T="33 433u!33S
) ( %70" (%50) kB" N ) (%20 4O ,12-7 XU
O " X=\ UFS 0.69\ " !, X3T 3S "3 E3Z 0.73,
" S 6 O N + " S
1000 * 7 * 14
= 90.1 91 N
2250 * 0.69 * 0.7
-S X+\
243
5-7 <
:F
3 P U ! ,
L = 15.00 m
W = 8.00 m
H = 3.40 m
hRC = 2.55 m
: 7 !) 300 Lux 7! _ ,! 7 3
OSRAM DULUX 2 x 24 W
light color LUMILUX Warm
luminous flux per lamp = 1800 Lumen
Light loss factor = 0.58
: E! *" N u!S kB 4 ="6 -

Ceiling = 0.8
Wall = 0.5
Work surface = 0.3
:?*
@S , )! "*J Room Index Factor, k S =
k=
L W
15 8
=
=2
hRC (L + W ) 2.55 (15 + 8)
%80 = u!S =" X! UF O ( + O U 5 ) 6-7 O 4
. 0.91 S X! UF O ( Room Index = 2 ) - %30 N %50 kB
. 0.58 = Light Loss O ) "* \ 4
Room Utilization Factor S : 6-7
" ="
Ceiling
Wall
Surface
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.3
0.8 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Room
Index Factor, k
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.25
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
Room Utilization Factor in %

73
82
91
98
103
109
114
117
120
122
46
57
66
75
82
91
98
103
109
113
37
47
56
65
73
82
90
96
103
107
44
54
62
70
76
84
90
95
100
103
36
46
54
62
69
78
84
90
95
98
66
74
80
85
89
94
97
99
101
103
36
45
53
61
67
75
81
86
91
93
42
51
59
66
72
78
83
87
91
93
35
44
52
60
66
73
79
83
88
91
35
44
51
59
65
72
77
82
86
89
244
, -) + ). . (
" O 6 +

1.25 300 15 8
=N
= 23.7
2 1800 0.58 0.91
! M 6 6 ) (24 -! . 3 x 8 Lamp
5 4 )S ,S) 4 + G2 \3 " ;33 3d 433O
.7-7
S :7-7 "; ,S ) d

O
O
)
&.7
) (
7
6
*!>
) (
9
!9/
) (
2.40
0.90
2.70
0.90
3.00
3.30
3.60
1.05
1.05
1.20
3.90
4.20
4.50
4.80
5.40
[ 4
5.40
1.20
1.50
1.50
1.80
1.80
2.10
0.30
0.90
-0.45
0.90
-0.60
0.90
-0.75
1.20
-0.90
1.20
-1.20
1.50
-1.20
1.80
- -

@
;
6
7
!9/
) (

@
;
6
7
!9/
) (
0.75
;
7
6
!9/
) (
2.70
!7
g
) (
7
6
*!>
) (
2.40
0.90
;
7
6
!9/
) (
2.25
1.65
3.15
2.70
0.90
2.70
1.80
0.90
3.75
4.05
4.50
3.00
3.30
3.60
1.05
1.05
1.20
3.15
3.60
4.05
2.10
2.40
2.70
1.20
1.35
1.50
5.10
5.70
6.00
6.60
7.20
8.40
3.90
4.20
4.50
4.80
5.40
6.00
[
1.20
1.50
1.50
1.80
1.80
2.10
4.50
4.95
5.40
6.00
6.60
7.50
3.00
3.30
3.60
3.90
4.65
5.25
1.65
1.80
1.95
2.10
2.40
2.70
10-73
-1 IO > , 25=)6 6 -6 + S ,[ !S= Q 3)3S

4 6N XMN 1.25 46 G 4 u+Nd @ 3D 3= 3
33 3333) 33S .4 ! ;33 G33 I33O 33 )33S 433 ,33S )33+ 4 33\33
)+ S = Space to Height RatioQ 1.5 436 3 = 3 3 ! 3D -33
,. 13-7 XU
\ X+-S
245
- Space To High Ratio k)N : 13-7 XR)! -D

-2 DS , Nd N"S ,) 14 -7 X3U3S ( 3
) ;6 IO, S Nd * . ,) 14-7 XU.(4
: 14-7 XR ;6
-3U + B\3 4 u 3D 3, 3) 15-7 X3U ( 43 33U
2 , 6S, *S =) K ,) 15-7 XUS(.
: 15-7 XRU -D 2O =)K

6M , -4 I3O 3 23, 363S *3 -33D \ X3T3 )3
, 33J '33233, 33 )336 33M 33d -33 336 33 )33S 33N 33
)R 5 IO) ,.16-7 XU
-5
246
( .. )+ ) , -
.D - )* S 6 2, -N : 16-7 XR

.17-7 XU , XD S, I* 4 6 T + -N 9 =-6
)+ -M IS D : 17-7 XR
P
} 11-7
3[ . BN M ! X ! Nd + +

3+ u3+ 43 . 3N 3 3 \s3U 3J ) , u + 4
: 6O - ,
: 4T O + -1
. Incandescent Lamps "4SO +
. Tungsten Halogen Lamps 4SO +
: 4T( Gas Discharge Lamps) s \ + -2
(ksT \ ;)BQ + T ) " Fluorescent lamps ' \+
. High Pressure Sodium lamps (HPS) " ksT + +
. Low Pressure Sodium lamps (SOX)\ ksT + +
. High Pressure Mercury lamps (HPM)" ksT); BQ +
. Metal Halide lamps " +
. Neon lamp )
. M* , + -3
. LED + -4
Incandescent lamps O + 1-11-7
33+ 3T 33S 23 3 33 43SO 33, 43S 36 33N 3O 33\ 3+ 3
G23 Q3 93 3 3" 3 X3 3 43 93 Q , 4SO M
k3 3, 3\ -3N . (93 3 3\ -3 3" G3S 3) 3+! )93 ) " u"T
X35 ks3T -3, 3M . (4 3 + 3 3 )X5 6 ( + ) 4 \
3s 23 3\ . )3+ 36 X3* 3) 3" 3\ -3\ ksT 1.5 +)
36 43 X3* E3Z 4 \ ) " 4 X! \ 6 \ S - X
\ X+-S
247
)+ 9! 4 XS 2 *s)+ 4 3O X5) . 33 18-7 X3R 3N
)+ . ) + " :
6 9R \R) 6 \. ( T
) \ S 46) ( .
N ) Q T5 Q Y 4( .
\ + BT O , S* 3 10 Lm/W") 3\3 \ 3T3
Q33 -33T ) 433 33* 336 33M33 33 .[ 3333 933 =33O 33, 33X33[ M33U
!* S R . " K2 :
D
!X
"
\ ;s
E
2800 ) , (
M 100
6 4000 -1000
= B 5 = @" K6 Z
\5 4 %50
)+ : 18-7 XR 4SO
+ 2-11-7 4
X + 4SO uN ) 43 3 3, ( 3+ 363 23 36
S , Q ) + ) (1-7, 96 6 9 -3 43SO
4T P, QOW O! 4\ X 43SO 453S 936 I3 3!, 3'3\5
" 9 S 5 K233 3" .Regenerative cycle 6 3 3 -3 3
\ \ X 5 3 43SO 4 323 . 3M 3, K233 3
6 J)+ 6 2000 3 63 1000 43 =3 3 33 \3 B3T21 3
/ 4 -=\ @ ! X3 36!3 = 43 100 43\ 3\5 93" X3T= .3O 3
Y 4 S \5s Q 4 % 90)+ EO 6 93
\ ! .
, -) + ). . (
248
)+ : 1-7 4

=O = , ;J M s3 3N 36 X3! 36 33
[ X Q kSU Projectors B +S N S S ,3
) s Flood Light BT)> .Spot Light BT
+ 3-11-7\ s
= 433 \3
+\ s T J 4; )6 ' 3 ksT
, + .O[ X K2" 3\3 3S .Electric Discharge B323 3S
K233 33+ 33+ 33\ 33 .B33 E33T K233" 433 33B :33+ 33+\ 33
33+33 33+33+ \ 336/33T ks33T33 33+ 336 ;33)BQ ks33T
+ ".
)
} )
\ " , K2 + M 35 Electric Arc 3 3 \3 ks3N '3
\ .- , I K2 + 3 435 4 X5)3+ : 3 3 -@3 43S
) 36 36 O)3 33s [[3S, 3 93*3 =3 )"[43 3
33 ) ) 33 333 433 333) -33+ (4333SO33+ I G33)"333 *33 *\Light 333
Spectrum K233 33233 233 u3333 33+ 433 K233 33+ I33S33s [33
5 S) E )2 s )+ ;)BQ. (
( ) &
}
436 @3U3 3, Electric Arc3s [ 33 3 36 3= ! 33 )3 Arc 3
! - Y , *T M , 2 ) u3 3 Ballast 3X3
33633 -33)33+ 433 33233 33 33J 33 Xs33U)33+ . u33 33\ 33335 33
, 6 D, 5 O ) J Z , . XsU - 3 K23\3 43 )33T
[\ X" 4S! , K2 4 6 I)S +\ . Power Factor
O Rd 2 Ballast\ 5 36)3 k3!, 33S3+ E
, O" " ) ", . X 3B )3+ !3 )3 ) Starter
( or Igniter X s35 3 u33 Ballast @3U23 3 =3O 3s3 3,
4 u2 ) 6 \ X+!* - 4 \S Inductance" 3 3Q3
2 u 23 u33!d 363 935" 43 93=3 )23 433
33 Coil u33 33 -33 33B 33, 33s33 P33, : 33 933P, 9335 33 "433 933
Q ! 9P, Y " 43 93!3+ 3!36 "36! 3, . Lenz Rule Q3K23
\ 3 3 3 -3 u33 433 36 @3U YM3 43 3D 36 3
J u@ Z) 2 O" 3 , 3 " 3Q3s 3 33 , 5 \3s 3
Electric Discharge )+ . M " = X EB )3+
.) 95 K2\ " U , , +\ .
\ X+-S
249
[33 33+\P33, 33 33+\ 3333s = 33S 33,33 33)33 33 33R
\ 46*)" ) 6 43 E3 3"3 3 3J "*3N 3 X3! 3RX3
4! 42 IO\@ 4 +.O
+ 4-11-7\' ) \ ;)BQ(ksT
I)+ \' 4 6 4J )S Z( )" 33
336 33S 33)33 433 633+33) 33* 433SO -33N33 Electrodes X335)33
* 4 k5 6 ;)BQ ' \ ksN )2 6 6S!36 93B
W( *S) 5 3 6 \3, !3 3+ "3R\3 )\O3S
*; 3 , 3 ) ;3)BQ 3 3, 33 X3 ( 3B 3* ;3K23
" + K2 "R -O BNJ 3U3 3K23 Q3
).
)+ ) Starter XsU) s33 935 3 3 -@3 4 9334
M) 6 XS T") 4\( G2 u . Ballast
6 ,J X) + P, AC supply 3,J 43 @3U 3) 33,J
33 ) Starter -33 433 ( 19-7 X33U I)33S33 33s X335)33 33 33, 33P33, Xs33U
d )"[ 4\ ! M )6s2 )6 Starter2 @33 4K
EZ )63 )3+ 3 3 3 P3, 3d3S 4 X3U)) 33
D ,J ,)+( .
" d " , 2M 6 X"O 5S d )6 X
s , ) ", 4Ss X5) =* 3 EZ (M) 33 35 )3 3SB
!* - s E 4S X!, , 5 )6 4S Starterd 4 4
! X ",[ 4d )6s . K2" 36 3 3 43S3s X3U3
d K)6 4 X )6 2 ) Starter 3)3+ 36 3 X3)M
" (X! - Ballast u 4=\ ! " 6 E Nd \ 35 )3
)+ .SB
= , 9 X 5 = , 6 XsU!* -3 35 3 93P, Starter
Q6 S, 6 s ,) SB \ 4d 4 43 33
2 ) !* - s E 4S . ,
: 19-7 XR I) \'

Q K2 @ +"* u"N\ + BT. O
7 !
4) Z 5-2 ) O .( -
" X! . \ Power factor
) , 9)U (.
" . 6 7500
, -) + ). . (
250
\ BT /4 80.
@ ZT ! ) S E 6 *S. ( 5
@ Z )> 6 Z * M\ \ 4 OS!( .
= " X \ . %75 46 O
S [ X! u@ Z - Interference X5 Q ==3+ X3" 43S 3T
! .P,
E I +\ )6 46) * XU= 9 X3R 36 +3 U
B .XU 9 ZZ 4 +\ IS: sU
)+ ! 4S " X)M " XsU 5 .
)+ -) = 3 3 3 s3S )3 3Z 93, 43Z3
Q Starting Coil 5M -N 4 Id 4 X.
)+ D) = 3 X3)" 33 36)3 3 43
* d.4
( F Flicker
)+ 2s + 4 " P, ! M u"N - I

) . (P 2F 4S 4", 3Sd = 323 3 3S 36 - 3S [ 43 3 3R 3
) [( !, " 9 D= ," E3 Z@3=Stroboscopic 3
. Effect @ 6 W* 6S= KO D " E ,="
.Flicker
3\5 423 Z@3 X35 3,s G3 X3 3+ X35 3,s3 3\ Phases 36
\ 6 Phase I)S 4 Phase shift s Two phases 2 @ .Z
3 Phase2s k33!, 33 3 3\ 33, '33M 33s K2333D G33",)33+ X333, 4
33\ 336 33,s33 Phase 33" 433 Inductance ,33N33 33"*433 Phase Shift 33
Nd.4
+ 5-11-7 6 ;)BQksT
)+ 4 ;)BQ) 4 4 ) 5 ) \ ( 3

! B 5 5 \ ) ! 4s 3" ,3 "X3
"d Filter " J + 46"R ! , . 20-7 XU M 3 "3
)+ 4 !)J 6\\S " K2 + + ;)BQ\ .
) \ 33+ 5 433 93=) Q X3[ 700 43 3 W 3 3 3 X33s
\ 3, W 3 = Y33T (3B -3N3 935 ;3)BQ 3 9353T
3 4 ,3Nd 43 33 3 StartingM -3N 43 I3 33d 443
X+ ) 5d 3, \3SJ 436 (20-7 X3U! ;33 3 . 36O 3-3N
X5) 6 5 X5 .
\ X+-S
251
)+ : 20-7 XR 6 ;)BksT

6 O X 3 3 3 433d )3 @3, 3 4 3 3" 3U3
X+ 4S, 5d 4 4)" d \ S .
433\ 33 33 33 \33 ks33N '3333 Q33 633 433 33) 33;33)BQ
Q 9*sN\ - ksT X5)+ X+ Q, ksN 15 + 3D3
U Q= .M 6"Rd + 4 K2 +!3 3, -3 3, "3R )\O3S
) (B 2 K2 + , X "R B s N .B
7 !
Q s .
!. (52-15) T\ X
\ /4 60-40 BT .
" . 6 20000
) 6 XsU 7 -4 .
S ,3N 3U )= 3 ) 33+23 I )3+ 3 36 23 I3O=
S , -N ) 6 X +\6 . (6
+ 6-11-7+ \ ksT
[ X33 \33 ;33)BQ) ks33T\33, -33 ('33 33 = 933 33 33 \33S, = 933 3333T
)R 33T J 436 ;3\ 33s 23 3, E3 \3 ks3N 93 k33 3 43
) X5( ' \ ksN! -"Rd 46 R\ s 3,
O \ k!,2 , = , [ + X.;)BQ
) \ , 5 K26 + ) U XR 6 ( 2-7Q 63J X \3
S )" Z 6 4S) \ D,= ! \ - 3 3),
+ 6 ,\ 3 3T 3 \33 3, 3 Xs3U 33*6 3Nd
7 4 15 !M E 6 D, J 46; "Q .)
, -) + ). . (
252
)+ : 2-7 \ ksT

7 !
= 6d 'M ) 10 ;BM T R +M.
36\33 336 B3N33Jd ) / 43 ( 183 133 933") 333 43333
X33! 3333 ) ( 23 = 33 433 Q3333 G233 9B33N 33633S 33,33Nd
k!, ,U *.
") ) 9 4 XM +5 .
K6 X+ 6 15000M 35 4 9 180.
E ! W 9 X= 9 Q 62) 4 S + ,)T( .
+ 7-11-7+ 6ksT
[ X 6 ;)BQ - ksT5 " , 6 96 \ )3 3+ ks3N 36

. 6\3 93 433+ \3 ks3T 3J 3 "3Rd 3 3 36 43 -3
* u B X"O \ ) 9 4 s 4 )\.S
,3Nd 33+ 3 ) 36 3 43 3 ;3)BQ3 Q3 23 3 36 36 63S
)+ .s ) T XR 6 ) ,+ .3-7
M '3 K23! 3" 33U 3 3S3 = 3\ -3 X363+ -3 3ks3T
\ - " ,\R!) = IOT . -3N) 33 X35 3
\ " Q . ,Nd + ) 6 4 ;)BQ -3, ;3)BQ\3
)+ BT J 46; \5 Losses 6 O X 46 O X
6 Q 2 6 , 6S )+.
\ X+-S
253
) : 3-7 + 6ksT
)3+ 933\33 / 433 125) 336 B3N ( X33! *3 333 ) (45233 33S 33,
Nd . 6 X+)+ 6 24000 6 XsU 3 )3+ 6 3;B3M
X+ 4 % 80R +M " \J K 36d ;BM . 9sU
+ 8-11-7 " Metal Halide Lamp
" BZ I" 4 + 5 " +6 +

[3 3 -3 43"3 3 3+ 363N X3! 3 3 ) (9060\3
/ 43 70:100 6 BN 33! -3+ 1000) 3) 36 2000 3500 (
J! X[ XsU)+ !)BQ2 ); R. 9
7 !
\ 4 6.4!S
4) 6-5 4 6d 6 - .XsU
" .6 7000 XM
S , )U . I6
+ 9-11-7Q
+ 6 4\ 63 4 O3 5 Q3 23 3\J 3 33M 3N u3J 3
33 33, 33 . 21-7 X33U Q33 K233 s33+ 33+ E33O33R 33+ 233 33S [33 33,
S S ,6 T 3 6 ) 3 (I36) k3 3"43 3
, 9 6 2000 : 1000) S 9 6 3O 3" ( k3!, '3, 12) \3,3N
', 12/220") 9 .6
, -) + ). . (
254
)+ : 21-7 XR Q X*\ 9BT
+ 10-11-7
+ B6 4\ s 4*M) I 7 433 (E3 15 3 3s 3

ksT\ 4 X! J S "3 3 3+ -3, 3 36="3R 3,
) , 6 6\ B@ 6 5 ! ,) "*3
N 43 433 3T 3,3 35 Q3 3 3 3s 35 3
I Q 4 4*! .4 4 XUR@ I \ ) XR 6 [33
,+ .(4-7
) : 4-7
+ 11-11-7 LED
* " Light Emitted Diode E ' 2 S")S )3
3R s3 Indication Lamps 3, G3*)!3 3O 43 \33[ 3 3, -3
K2 4 6) E 6 K2) J X= " ") 3 36 3D3
$/Watt M2 [ 3 3, 3*)!3 !3 \ 3T5 3, 33S .3@ Q3
M GS WN 4* M" U 4 3N 3 = K3O23 3S 33
4 spot light )S 6 4 K2 LEDs X5)+ 3*",\3 B3N36
[ 4) " ! ) Z .(5-7
\ X+-S
255
+ : 5-7 LED

" , 3) X3R 3 36 LED3 k35 3, 33+ @3 36 6-7 )3 3
LED )6 " 46 s S E 5 x 5!) )6 ,3S 3T" 436 s3
,+ WT2 M 9, ) X 1 W 4 36
,+ . " X+ 9 50=.
= 4 Q 2 4) 3 3 3 3 s3 3 !3) [3 3
Q .!S
: 6-7R 6) LED
12-11-7 +,
3R 36 Compact Florescent Lamp CFL 3 3@ Q3 G3S 3s3 43*3M
"* \ T 3+ 43 3+" X)3 36 3[3 3! CFL 3), 18
"* 33\ 33 3333T 33+ )33+ 433 75 )33 . (6-733T 33 G33 633
=, N X+ S5"N 6) " "3 -)*3 43 .3 3M ' )3 K2336
4) ) ( CFL X) X O \' " I)S K2Q ;S.
: 6 -7) ,.
, -) + ). . (
256
! 13-11-7 4 ) \
"U)" " 2 " \ + 4[3 3 3 3 k3!, ")3! 33
" \.X
6) [ \T , ) Compact 3
4* kS M 3 33 3W, '3)3 ,3 .=Q3 3 )3 ( '3, 12) 4 3
\ , TNd ! ' ) LED , ,2 O 5 3,3
\ = 9+ 6 6 3) 3, 4 33, @3R 3 "3 .
, = IQ \ XT ) \' BT . , ;B 3
) XT\, I6 ) N T M.
,U ), + B=5 9 . ) @O , ;)BQ
, , )\ +M \ -)* 4 Y5 5 G", U X
" 6d ;BM .XsU
12- 7P @
!* 33 I33O 33, 336 E33+33N 33O 33Q 33"33 33")J 33633 33,s
*U -M 5 G2" 6 4 , D 5 XU EO 3,s3 E3+
* kNd J! -*M -Z .5 \, G2) S * k , 3
-*M -NZ " 6 6 ! ) ) ( Q\ B 3 3 X3
@ 4D XT, D , ENd EZ S E+3 "3 3J 43 3Nd G23
\ 4 Nd !; . 9, E I , SNd :Q
.1N : 6 T !; T " . ,s
. 233N Q33 : 33 33"*Q 3333 43333T ) 33R Q33" X33 33U 33,. 33,s
. 3N : S ) ! , OQ \' D u
. BUd
= ,Nd 5 2 * I"43 3
M) ' Nd ) * [ )M
Nd 4 X W ,\ 5 .
,N 6Q T Q 4 u!S )+ \ Z3
" ( \O ) + [ , 6RN 3 " 3 3 3)3N 93 EB3M
, Q ) ( ." 2 4 X3T,*3 "3 3) 3+[ 33+M
3O 3 (
" 4[ 6, XM 6 Nd , " 36) X3!3 [3
[ ! , X G2 k .
6 \+" )+ B GS" [ 3O B + 43S= 63
I)S 9BN\+ XB 9 "USd . 3+\ 3, '3\3, 3T
" 4 4Q * 3 3 3 3, 3, 3O 3 I)3S)3+ E3O 43
N BN U K2 I s. 4
") E+d , , 3D 3 *3U 35 3
* I3 ,33N 3 " 3+3
X 43 u3Nd !3, , 3, 3S [3
33>33 \ 33 "* 3333O *33 33 33M\ X33T ")33 3333R 33, E 33 )*33
( DimmerS s! T 5 4\T 3M 3 G33 3
5 !; G ) S 6 9+ 3Nd 3 3 , 3, G23
Nd 5 S XU . I
13-7 ,
333)* E333 333N *333 333 333=!333 " X333333 ,333 333 333, 333M' 333N
dB33+ *33 33T 33N )33! 33 X3333 33 O 33 33, k33U336
O . 6 6 XU , 3S =3T **3 3 43 E3 K23"X3
33)6 33 *33 E33O33 33 33S 33 33, E33O33 )33S
" )+ s + =) .
\ X+-S
257
R ',6 M ) Nd M 2 ,! ! [ ," +
Q 6 + -N ER " +s 6 , E3" 23 E3 35!3
E33Z 33U6 -33 33+ 33 '33!33 33+, 33B .33O -33*33 63333S
')3S3N 3U 33 * I3 3"3 3+
6*
R + ;)BQ+.
1-13-7 46 -N d
-1 IO Nd 6!"J S , 6 =T J 6 *; \X3T

) 6!"J 46 u N U * -*S!
" 4 @ =M 4 9! .963 43 3*), -J3\ X3T 3T E3" ;33 3d
*! \ 6!"J 4 Q X 4 Q@ 6 36 3)-3 [3 3
6 XM = *T 6 U!.-J
-2 6 U 4 XM u+\ " IO, -N6 d 6
k!, ,. 22-7 XU
: 22-7 XR -N6 6 *;

-3 N u+!* *; 6 \ I3 3 43 ,3S36 3,
4 s ,S 33 '3 3,* ;3* X3)M 3 3\ X3T 3
u+ ,S ZZN - 6 -N6 6 k!, ,
. 23-7 XU
m
15
-2
0
: 23-7 XR Nd 6

-4 -N6 ,U * * u6 IS U , = :
. 6 U 4 XM\ " IO, -N6 I 6 ) XR
-24 - 7 (
. 6 U 4 u+\ " -N,6 *! u35
5 ) -24-7 XR(.
. 6 U ) 4 u+\ " -N,6 !.
, -) + ). . (
258
. Q , kU IO, -N6 . 5

. IO= Q ,S\ 46 X 5-4 6 5"N \ 2 " .
-5 ,\ Nd 6 4)O 36 ! E3S3 Y3+
33 12 433 X33M 33 33Nd 33 336 33U E33Q33 33 18 336 933N6 )33+
Nd = 6 6 4)O X+" 48.
: 24-7 XRU N *.
S 2-13-7 Nd ,U
S Nd ,U S U *, ; S =T 9, 43

33 16-8 Lux* ;33 X33M 3333 33S 33R =33T 933,33 4-8 Lux 43333
*; 6, S =T 9, . 4-2 Lux 4
3-13-7\ " M )+
uM\ " M ) 6 U 6@, S 63 High
Ways XMS ,U S . !T 4=R ! E 3,3O -7
8"3 3,3 3 3635 36 )3 -*3 I3O 3 \3 3
) 6 E+.B
: 8 -7\ " M )
) ! ! );9(
! K
+ ) ( 2000W
30
* S"
(1000W) ;)BQ
U 20 SB
) ( W 400-250
12-8
U "
) (80W
4
* 5
14-7 !,
E2 \RP X+ " 4363 4 3 I3O Q3 )3 *3 3)3 3 3

* 4N) T 6!* "3 . E3 K23 : ;J3 E3S
K33 3323d 33\J 43 ;33 3 I3O 33 3,33 d3R )33
= ;J U 4 Exit Signs2 3 43)3 . 25-7 X3U 3U3
K2.X+\ -N
\ X+-S
259
: 25-7 XR) -N *
, -) + ). . (
260
261
\ X+[4
)? <6
_ 3

, -) + ). . (
262
8
)? <6
_ 3

" = 4) " s , SB) ! IO E@43 3
X)M X" )U X . 4*)" P, ) -' 33
, kS *5 [ 3+! 3 " I)3S 3T36 3) B3Ud
[ X335 33S X35 X33 "3 336 333 93MJ I)33S u3 3U 933Z 33
+ , -*M 4 k ,[)' I 46 T, 3 "* X323
; " \ X5 I)S S @3U 43 63 I)3S 4 3U! X3Q3 . 4= \3
6! ! 6 uU) )5 X)MQ GS.
O ET2 , 92; 6 3, 3 E3+\ 3M 23 )3+3 I)3S3
WS 46 6 )5 M I)S = , 9" E ES= uES .
42 \R X+ *5 - = \ X+ ZZ 6 ) E: X
"
=)5
= B
6 S" " , "\ 36 33 . " 33+!, 36 " 3
\ D Q " k!, D uU" D 3, 3
)5 X.
=)5 +!, uU*5 X Q " Q )5 3, 3 3
.
5 +!, = B - \ "* " !M E
) B +S 6 K2 . 36 3, - " 3=3 33
+ .
F 3

9P, Y , IO)5 ) 6 B= X)M X 3s B
Xs33U@ G33 433 33 ! ;33*)33 33 33,33 "*33 336Q 3333R !4B33
" 33=33)5 33 ** 33)33 .33 I33O33 33,=33J 33Z "33
=)5 , *5 R ) 6 > , 25=)6
" , X5N B " =)5 . E" 6 X 4 ;! G,
*) " :
-1 !; RJ " ) ) 4@ 4" G *3 3M 3
4 -MU " + 4U .("+
-2 !; I.
\ X+[4
263
-3@ 6 4 6 N M B" I XsU@.

IO XU" !; 4! :
*! 3*! 3M "33S 3N 3 33) X3[) 3R"33 3 Q X33B

-33N Q33 335 33 *33 33 336 (33 33M E33 ,33S \233 3 ",
!; M.
, XB ; =J 5 NU ; N@Z .
k)N Q M 6! E) T \ X3+!3+ B3 2s 36 33 3
6 .
, Q \ X+ 6 X ) 3, -3N )336 3, 3
X".
X ! )) (Q .+
Q EM B\ \ J .9,5

X .
X" XS sU.
3 ,33 33 3B*33M 33 "3 336 233 "33
5 [.
@ 4 -SM " M E !* I N)3 -3 Q3
" M E@* T! . +
:F

IO =)5 ) !)J + ( \ :I
)( 1
)( 2
)( 3
)( 4
)( 5
)( 6
)( 7
)( 8
)( 9
)(10
)(11
)(12
)5 B ! .B

)5 M R .Equ-potential
)5 ! I*M@.
)5 ! "Q.
)5 Q6 , "O.-M
)5 M \ 4 X+.B
)5 M N ) -N R Q Z .I
)5 Q6 N kB.
)5 !*).
M " M! *@ @ N * .
)5 Q M ") 6 X Residual Current Q Earth
.Leakage
)5 \.
, XU,) , B 4=)5 9P, 4" @* O !S IO +
2 *@ EZ6 2 =)5 ,Nd )5 ! X M OB@Z
2 *@.
" ,2 \* X+ " 4 K2=)5 4 G " X
K2=)5 . ) = " R Q , "S=)5.
, -) + ). . (
264
1-8@ P
" 4 Q , S)5 B X) 6[:
-1! )( AVO
XRM 9 O ! S @ [ =)5
6 !* Open Circuit - - Short Circuit . N S @! ,
, 4" BB - !* .
-2! L
}
,
X B" X= * 4 , )+ 6 " 4+
.s 42 O ) kS )J 46 9; -S D B
.96S -O J Y , kO ,J 4 X )5, K
O T)+ X\ \" . X 42 G2 O ,
Q 6 XS M* 5 ' . US 2 O , G2
U + - 9, ! - I)S ".
4) -3O
) X M DO + ) 5 ( 1-8 9O +

" = " + K2 XB) .*SS @ 4 6 / 6 X
. BB
4) : 1-8O
-4 Megger L
)6 46 , 9! ) 4+ (2-8 AC Volt 9M X+
) ', (1000S O ! ! " ! Y , 6 .
9 , DS + .!S
\ X+[4
265
: 2-8R Megger
-5 F
Q [ 4 X"O 4 !; 4 X3 Earth Continuity 3N 3
!33 33M 33N33O G33 k33S 33, 3333+ 3-8 3333O X33 =33J [ 33Z33
Socket"* O R M " = 6 k5"3 35 k35
= 6=+ 3 ,3Nd Phase 33R = 36 33 3N 3M!)3! 3
! 4 ! N !* ) )! ! XU + D !* !( .
" : 3-8R Earth Continuity
-6 . 9 F
4N 4 Q I - 6 6 Lux meterS
,@ 4 S Nd ,s \ *! \ .+ 4-8[ X R 2
O .
, -) + ). . (
266
: 4-8 R Lux Meter
-7 9 Circuit Tracer

\ ,3 36 43 9*3 [3 33 CBs23 23s 3" Socket )3
" . Q 4 4 3, 33+ : 5-8 3, -3N3 I 3S, Socket3 933
\ - EZ 4 4 QO [ 6 CBs , - 3 43 k3!, K233
, I)S CBs 3 43" \33 36 933 CB23s K233 . Socket3S 23
O , T)S - \ *! .!S
-) : 5-8 :.B
Polarity Indicator : 6-8
2-8 ! !
s 4 K2=)5 @ 4 N Y , ! N

K2! . )! M 6 )5 IO :
1-2-8)5 N
" 33=33 433)33 33B X335) 433 33= 33@ 433 3333 33 @33 B33M
, S G)3 3 G3[6 933 3 G33 3*5 43 363 3S
) . E! G ! 4 *! X X3 Phase 3*! 43 X3 3, 3N3 X3
6 6 E " G :
\ X+[4
267
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
- X+, Q ).Q
X+,\ " G2\ \ 6.
X6 '; 4 Phase )5 K Bus Bar 4 N 3
, N.(1-8) XU
IO ! ! " , G 0.01 T .N
4S O )5 N2 R , ! 9Q3O 43
2 \ S X+"5 9 M 6 ) N.Q
: 1-8 XR)5 N
, -) + ). . (
268
2-2-8)5 ! M N
2 *) - 46 u=)5 ;3S23 "* 36 k3!, 3R> 3 3 X3 3 3N 323
=)5 ! M *", N\" ) -\ X+S (.
T)5 ! -J33 3S I= Ground Fault Circuit Breaker 3N 3Q3 K23
! -J\ B 3)5 Test 363S 3P, 936 ks3T 36 Q3 3S 3 433 P3,
X+,O 2, " E 9= -B )S O.
3-8
" 33=33 433)33 33, 33B) 33 X33)M33J 33 3333M I33O !Q336 33 33
, S) @ 6 4 2 "Q @ N Z 3,3O 3
@ 4 T ' , k B\ 6 B" 4 \23
* u .62 s S M ! 3"Q3 )(3O
2 "M S O X.', 500 K
_ YY/ YY 6YYYY ; ?YYYY 5YYYY . YY YYYY YY ?YY@YY
YY
P 6 5 F dY/ 9YL YFY 33 ! 33
k5 4 Phase k5" k35 43 Phase k35 3N B3M! 3Q36 3
.
M 1-3-8 ! Q6 , S) B
6 E M ZZ :

M ! "Q 4 4 G ) ( Phases 4. N
M ! "Q 4 Phases" T)".
M ! "Q 4 Phases . Neutral
N (2-2) XU\ 2 =)5.

6 IO M ! ! S O) 2 4 , B\ +
) u+ 4 , BT "O "Q 46 ) N K2!5 E +
IO -! E (.
" , - X+, I"+ \ 22 =)5 5 ) ) )
\" X2 4\ 22 =)5 , -!) ! ! XM"Q !.
\ X+[4
269

500

M :(2-8) XR ! Q6 , S) B
M 2-3-8 " M B !s
@ 4 Q M ) , XB s B 43 33 ! 3+3
4 " 9P, Q " 3M ," 3M3 3B 3 3 33 3N K23
" M 3 3 3M3 ! .( ISC = V Zeq ) 3+ 3\ 3, 43 3= '3M@ 43 3 !3
" MB M 2 4=WJ " 9 3, 93 33 3*5 (Earth 3N
)P, Faults ! + 46*@ sU , X Q M 6Q OQ 2 9
*@.
M 4 "M B " 3 33+ 3 2s3 3 3 3M 53 G23
S " M " 3M3B " Earth Loop Impedance Tester 3N G3 33N 3
3, .(3-2) X33U 43="3M 4336 33N " \33 3S 33M33 23 3R E33 3, 9\X33+
4 -2 .
, -) + ). . (
270
? ) ; :(3-8 ; 9

.
= S E O = 9 \ 9P, K 3)Zd "Q3 E3
GS [ *! 6 "Q3 36 ,3U K23!* ) 3 3( 93
\ ,M 'M3 I 43 23B", )3+ 3O23 93O3! 3 !) 3 3 3
s = " ( 2V S"Q 4QO U 4 = uU23
"* .X X 93 O 3!3 363U K23"3 I)3S3O
" 33233 933O233 33, I)33S33 "Q33 33,,33S s33+ 433Q33O 33U
.
4-8 _ !_
" =)5 ! P, !S JP ,) P, B EX+

! P, 2 =)5 @ 4 T kG
* "*) X - J .
6 [,)5 Phases[ , X Z 4, 8-8 XU kO 4!*4
4 Short X6 - A1,B1!*P, A2 B2 4 2 4 ", 4 4> RO
! M " =)5 6 5.
\ X+[4
271
A1
A2
B1
B2
C2
c1
: 8-8 XR)5 X
5-8 ,.
4" X + 6 X \ - 9 @ -N\ 4

) phase* ( 4O , 1-8 XU2 J D! .) X
: 1-8 XR X) +

s 4)5 !*) @ 4 kQ + " Z @ I E@
4 " M*' \ X)M + ) ( Phase2 GS S @ 4
-\ KO \ - G2 . CBs 2 =)5 \ @ 4 -
) Q *! . 6 42 =)5 .
1-5-8)5 !*) - :
\ X+= ) 4 EZ "N> 25 =)5 2 )6 )+ 46 J 4 - X4

EZ -N ,J=)5 J 6 k5 ) Neutral k' )( , -
X* =J 6 5 \ ) ( Switch)+ T =)5 , k!,
!*) ,. 2-8 XU
, -) + ). . (
272
: 2-8 XR!*)
' !*) 4, WJ5)+ T =)5 ,.3-8 XU
WJ5 )*M : 3-8 XR

S 2 =)5 )*M Y \ T) Q@ 4 * ) X+ ( Phase*3 B
) 4Q
5 ! 6F:
-1 \ CB .!s
-2 4 + .
-3 - Q 4 =) Sockets X 6).(Q
-4 IO 6=)5 )S ,\.
/F @F !
g ;9 ! 93) 5 ?L O ,..
2-5-8 , S !*)
-* , XB Q ! ) 4 4 Q k 4 Live k2 = X*3

9)U! E ,+ . 6-8, 96" 36 33O KZ@3 323 K@3U3 3
. GS" E 93+ 3N 36 ! E33 3 3" 36! 43 3mm 436 X3G3S
= -N2 O X353B . 3 3 k3!, 3 )*6 3 3 93Q3
O . ', 240
6-8 ?

" " =)5 * 6 3 4 3U Y3+ B3!3 !3
43333 33! 933633R E 33 " X33 33 G33 43333 9336 33" G3333 336 33+M
6 DZ " =)5 . IO R ;, " =3)5 "3
R - " , X).
\ X+[4
273
< _ 3

7-8, 3_F 9
Fd
E ESU " B\ S d :
1 -7-8 (uilt DrawingsB s-A) B

33 33B 33 33"33 33 \ 33 33 4336 3333 \2 33"33 \33
= @ " s " M '3\;3
, ) 2\ -M 6 -M
336336 !33 !33 " 33=33 433\ -33 233336 33Z 33)5 s33U33+ X33)M
33S33 Q33O B K23333 !33 3333 E 336 (50 : 1 100 : 1) I 3333d G
*)333333 - 3332333M 3336 G (CD) 3333333336 I ) (AS built drawings ) AS
(constructed) G2 (B IO , M N K23 3 -3 E3\K23
4336 36*)" 3T 3 33,)3 "3 3 3, 36 33N3 \2 3" 3 33
" .6
2-7-8 X XsU(maintenance manuals &Operation ) +

)(
336!33 !33 E 33,33U Xs33U 33 -33O 33+ Q33 \33 33U '33
=33 33 33Q33 33 X336 336 33 33+ X336 336 "33 "33 33,
. X)!33S '33633T 336 I33O, !33 !33 E33 d33R 2Xs33U 33
+ 3BM 3" ;3 X353 5 3\ 3, 33 4"3 3 !3+ 23
).
)( IO ! ! " uU -3 433 4 "3 3U \3 E,3SE

M + Q -*Ms U 6 E .
M 3-7-8 -*M EBs
! ! ES !* -s 43 3 3U 3, 335 3 3, Xs3U
)(
633 33 33 5 "33 43333 33O33" 4 Q33 33 33 33U
G22 M K2!* (Spare Part No.) -+ 4 + . 6
)( M GU U Z 6 S U 3, Y 3,3U \3
3M
M 6 ! @6 +5 BM T 3M3 23 3R Y3
! -*Ms .9
4-7-8, +6
! S6 R O 3Z \ 43 23"3 3M

s ) ,Nd EZ \ 4 2 +6 " X+S @
-33!33 33"33U X33 933P, E33 33+!33 )"33 3 33 33+ 33, 336 33,)33
"3 3* 3 !* 3623 E336 3, 3 3+3 3, 3 X3
\ \+! \ X 3 + ) 3\ 3 3J /43 323 3
X\ X\6 K2 4 M*)" - .B
R 5-7-8 =)5

)(
IO ;,R , =)5 -O Q " U ,35 93

X)M ES 3 =3 3d3U B -3 . 3D 93 I3O 3 " 3 -33O
=)5 S , 6 Y U E !\ 6! * 9634
" 9 Q 9" [ ! ! I* !)J P, G2 3, ;3
, -) + ). . (
274
6 @ 4\3 X3" 33)5 "K3

=)5 @ 4 *! \ !\ 6 G!.
XU=)5 :
) (1. F !(Type test reports) 3
! 46 B)5 \ 4 "S\ \ \ XZ
333 333S 333U . 4333[333 =333)5 3336 333 333= !333
B:
-13)5 \33 33 33 33633 !33 433 J!33+M 33
B.
-2)5 "Q .Impulse Voltage
-3)5 +MB " S 4 \"N 25 !.4
-4
) (2 )(Routine tests
=)5 O 36 -+3" X3 3" 3 X3)M -3+!X3
@ -M 4, " *! 9\ * 3 3.K
433[ 33=33)5 ) 3333)5 (-33+ 3333O =33 336 !33
B:
)5 + 6\ O)5 \ B.BQO

M 6 Loss X . X

M ".M

M O 6O QO.

M ! \.

)5 "Q 4\ 4\ .N

!; )(Site test
)(3
33=33)5 3333O 33" -M33! X33@ I33 33 33! X33336 "33
s Z ! X@ G2 4N I ,K2
N . 4[ =)5 O = 6 -M ! B:
)5 M - 4S \ Q \ 15 X.!M

)5 Q6 \ " .O

M 6- 7-8 EB 6
E\ ,[ QO [ 42 \ . X3+35 36 93P, !3 3I

X)M 4 XsU 4) G 4, (43++Q3 3, E"3 )3 3T
6 XsU .+ E X)M 4 I! U 36 O36
XsU )M + !)J "! 2 3 3 I3 33 I -M3
-+U .OD I P, 6 G 9" 3>3
! .G2
7-7-8d dB
E\ -S *3 3 =3 B3 3 I 43+ 43 3T" 3

-6 M' U !)J \ "! X6 E, = = B 3 3 3T
=Z 4 B .
" 33 33 =33 =33 B 33 33U 33 3 !, 3333, 33+" 433 33 433 X33!33
G \3+ E)M 4 4N 3M E3+5 3" 3M 4@336 B3 433
T.
275
\ X+[4
N 8-7-8 6
4T! -6 X" M G 43 33 3T =3 =33U B
96 ,d 35 K23 -3 3S 93 3, u3d3 . '3)Z!3+
! ,\ 2d 15 3+M 43 323 K) G23 3= 3 3 43 X3M3, G3
S U( E+5 E u K2d 4 4@3 B3 43 ! 3S 35 !3
= 4363*5 X3
! !T ,2 @U @3 3 433 .3 !3 W3S
, J T O XsU".
9-7-8= B
M ! 3, 43 936 3 -3OQ3 3U 3!)J "! 33N Y53 36 35 3,
T + 6! !3 3*5P G3 3, 93) 3 E3S36 93P, 3B E3X3U
Od 4 G ! 4 E6 E3 3T 33 B3
6 96 -M 4 X ! G 4\ , 9N.G
X5! @ Q 96 6T )S Y5 6 93P, E3@ X3=3 B3
4\ 2 XQ ! " +; 3T 36=3 B33+ !3 3M4@3
6 B G *5 T ) ! 5 ) 6[.
, -) + ). . (
276
@L <
;! U_ 3

8-8 !. U_F
,2 QO ! 4 + " 3 .33 4323 Q3O
*s! , Y " u 5 +, 2 )+! @3 3E
) IO Z \ K2 96 IO " Z K2 96.
\ X+[4
277
1-8-8 *
9

9@
EM
EMXSS
U "+ -+
\ ! -+
-+
*
!
! S 6 6S! " ksT "3M X3
5@ 0.8 04
! 6 -M\ * 46 96) )! " 0( +
O!9
" J) ,s 6 \( )(
" 6) ,s \( )(
" , ) )6 \( E
, kB ,s
)6 \( E
!
) )(")J/
"
, " QO O
!9
U "+ -+
\ ! -+
! )00(
(',) O
)(Q
) ( ZZ/J

J S " )(
6 = S , "
*M " )(E
"Q "
\T +
S ksT"S 6 S "

U "+ -+
\ ! -+
6 =*
_/
, -) + ). . (

*M=*
U )(Stroke
d)(displacement
)S=sT )(Compression ratio
I )(Aspiration
6S
! \ \"
M 6 XX
)(CFM
)
(CFM) 5
' Q'
' Q'
" )(CFM
"
! E
) / !(B
)*

6S )Q4
N .9
-3 I3 3 3 9"3 33 3*3 *3 3 "3
)(CFM
" 46 9
)=

)
) " ) )(CFM
@ !;!
" Q )(
" Q U )(
TM ) /(
\+ M
M

_ 5
4 ! )/!(B
!*(2E) -
"Q
! /* U? K
4 X+
* M
* ATS
\ ) Bypass = / (
6 ) ( ) XsU
6/,
2s ) ( ZZ/*
" 2s ))(
) 4 U)(
! ) ',)(
Q ! )M

278
\ X+[4
279

,
)
\ /XsU!
! P@
4 9U
4 U!6
! 63 L? K
R NT ) 000 ,S 6( ! ) X)S(
" NT )(NR
@ . ;

,
!
! " X!
! ! \"
! ! \"
M ksNQ'
M Q'
M K)
! 6S )(RPM
! "
@ P5 ? : 93
\ K) )2 ( X+, +
)2 ( X+, +
\ Q'
)2 ( X+, +
\ ksNQ'
6 46 S )(X+,
, -) + ). . (
280
2-8-8 -"

9
EM
EM XSS
!)T ! : QO
) 4 55 (
I
X56 4+ I+ [)' 6 5 "Q
)TM !* -\ " ! .... EM
)TM Y5 "+ - / 6 *; 3U 3)5
6..... EM
.... X" 4 .... " X 9
6 ,3333U ,3333U / 33333333S "Q3333 3333 3333Heat ) K
(Shrinkable
XL 9 :6
! = ! X !99.99 46 9
! *; \ .....
" !)T E ( ) ( ) SB
!* ITM -" ) ( ) ( E
!* ITM -@E ( ) ( )
" )(
" )(
" !) +0(
" ! + X" )0(
M )(IP
! /!
U "+
!)J -+\ ! " ............ EM

4 !2 EB 9" - X 4 4 / k!, u
) Jd \ / )3 / /3 3 3J /I 3S 3M
(M
[)' )6M 6 / 5 X5 5/kB (kB
G+ I+ 9 -+
5 ) 4 4 / 6\(X
5 4 ) 4 4 / 6\(X
M )(IP
_ 9!
)TM 5 - " )(
_/
\ X+[4
281
X M +M ) ......(

-JM!ZZ B
4 ) :[' /! I S X /(
)!\ / I(
"
" )(
" !*) -0(
k)TSJs
(......) In 'Z
(.....to .....) In k)T XM
k)T
(.....to .....) In k)T XM
@ .

6 ) (
000 4 000)
000 / 000)
6 ) ( ,
000 4 ', 000
\ !
6 M " X!
6 M * M\"
6 M * M\"
6 ) ( ) 9 +

_ 5 !/ ! 7
U "+
33 33ZZ33*M ) 433 33 /33( )'33, 1000 33+, ( 33S 33 / 33S
"Q )(XLPE / PVC

!*(2E) -
* )(
G"Q )(E
L
_ 5 !/ ! 7
5 X5 @"
)6 (E) (;6
J )(
X5
)/ 5(X!Z G/I
!* )(E
* )(
6 4+ 4\O
" )(E
\ )(E
* )(
O )
" )J 6 (E) (;6
*s ) (5 / X!Z
, -) + ). . (

"
_
-JM!ZZ B
4 ) :['/! I S X/(
)!\ /I(
"
" )(
" !*) -0(
k)TSJs
(......) In 'Z
(.....to .....) In k)T XM
k)T
(.....to .....) In k)T XM

/! 7 7

@ 4)TM k " -! X.I

@ 4[)' O k "NQ !, K
@ 4 k 5 4\ X 4 6 36 33" 3B
Q\M X)M Q .
@ 4333 333333 333 333 3336333 k!333 333 333 -J333+X
X ;Q).
@ 433 3333 33 ) lugs/33( 33, 3333 33 433 633+
.
@ 433 3O 3 3 3 3 3 '33
M 6
282
\ X+[4
283
3-8-8 -\ O 6\

9
!/ ! ) 3

EM
EM XSS
U "+
R 4 Y5 "+ ..........
U !)J "+ )5 6.. EM
...... X" 4 ...... 9
*! 33\33 ! 33.IEC 33 ..... E33M \33 33+
...EM
) I5 /X5( kB
)TM -
" ) I(
" !*) -0(
G+
M )(IP
!; , N. _
)!)( /
"
" )(
" ) -*M0(
;! N. /
"
" )(
" ) -*M0(
, ,.
"
!+
6
,
6
"
!+
6
/9 5
!! ! )* (over load " 6=5 AC3
" =, )(over load
6 6 XsU X+M
@ .

6 ) ( 000 4 000)

6 ) ( , 000 4 \ ', 000 !
M " X! 6 ) ( ) 9 +

_ 5 !/
ZZ*M 4 /= ', 1000 +,
!*(2E) -
* )(
_/
, -) + ). . (

284
"Q
G"Q )(E
U "+
!)J -+\ ! " ............ EM
L
_ 5 !/
X5
)(G / I
!* )(E
* )(
6 4+ 4\O
" )(E
\ )(E
* )(
G+ )(E
)!\(/
*s / *
) 6 \O /G(45S
"; 9) 9
@ @ 4 N
J 4 J X + )O (
4-8-8 )TM ! -Bus Duct QO

9

EU O
-+
*
IP
M
6 ) "S .........
kA
" !*-
) // us(
s ) /(X /
!)T )6 sT/ "Q( Ventilated / compact
+M X
! * 6 :k
X*
X"
XN
(3ph + N + E)/(3ph + N) 4
)(
J !*"
_/
\ X+[4
285

)(E
)(EO
T.O.B
!
*
; \ -"
!* -:
(+ / / ) 4
\ "S

! Q =U ;
33 ,33U= X33 ;33533 ) / 633 / 633 u33+[433 33
(6
XB"; [)'
!* -33333333333333333333
3333333333J )3333333333TM 3333333333R X3333333333 -3333333333
)(
)(EO
)TM X - ' *56
, -) + ). . (
286
287
;
* g
!
, -) + ). . (
* g
!
!)
-1 : F! !
288
289
;
, -) + ). . (

:! 6! NEC
290
291
;
* g<
9 * ?
_
, -) + ). . (
*2- g
9 * ?
_ )!) ! (
292
293
;
, -) + ). . (
294
295
;
, -) + ). . (
296
297
;
, -) + ). . (
298
299
;
, -) + ). . (
300
* g<
/ 9.
;
301
* g<
/ 9. *_
: F7 9/! , F@ 9) 15 63 3
.
U.,

7
.. 100/
*_
6
X
2
U.,
9 7 X
7
.. 100/
*_
6
X
2
R )R
12
N "
\
1.5
64
Q
S)
5
Ru
Q
U
M;J
1.5
1.5
4
3
8
8
12
9
+!
S I
4"4
X
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
6
1.5

1.5
.
J!
)
S UB6
+
!
)64
O
\*+
*
R 46
1.5
*
1.5

1.5
!)

") D
+S
+
O
M;J
3
3
3
3
3
8
8
9
9
6

"
\X

" O
O
;B"

S 4)T
2
1.5
+!
1.5
S
1.5
1.5
4
4
)S4
J )
-, Q6
S
;9

4

)T
"O
M
4\ +
M
"4
1.5
QO
4
S
1.5
' )!6

3
2
2
6
4
4
3
3
3
7
7
7
=

' )!6
)

)

R
*)

QO
-
QO
Q6
M
=
) Q6X
6
U.,
7
2
.. 100/
*_
6
X
, X
"K
)+
QO
E

!F
!
*!
U6

64
k
12
S
4
8
8
8
12
12
6 4)
GQ
12

uO
!/
,
k
D,
, k
k
)"R
4
4
7
7
4
2
1.5
1.5
1.5
5
3
,
R X

KJ
I
\
J
\ *
QS
\ +
1.5
, -) + ). . (
/ !. .N 93' 7

!7
302
303
;
, -) + ). . (
304
305
;
, -) + ). . (
306
-
307

M -1 6 '.
-2 ! 6 . . @U X5 4 "
d .2001
-3* k E+ ,U -) . )6 U 6
.2001
-4@ BM 6 . . @U " d .1983
-5@S 4B \D . " 6 . 2006
-6! - > S" " E\ I "S.
)R -7 > S" " E\ I "S.
-8 = = S . M I.1988 "O
-9N -+ " )6 ." E I "O= .1995
-10Nd 6 . . 4S@U RU " d .1985
-11!YYY YYY YYY U YYYYYY ) 5YYY!_ YYY YYY

dd
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) ) (1 O
6 1994
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) ) (2 O
6 1994
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) ) (3 O
6 1994
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) -=D
) 4 O@. (
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B)-=D
) 5OM 4+(;6
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) -=D
)6O X" 4S!(
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) -=D
) 7 O!, ( .
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) -=D
) 8 OS )B , "S , E @Z ZZ*( .
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B) -=D
) 9 O , ENd(
+ E+R \ 2 ) , B)-=D
) 10 O * (
-12!)
! 3 ! _
.
, -) + ). . (
308
\33 ! 3333+ 491333\[ , 2005/ 1 !33 = 33 EW33 33336 33
ED ! 4 : ', 1000 XUQ3O 36 : - X3
=)5 !)* 4 .
\ ! + = 2006/03-0136 ! - :3)5 "Q S.9
\33 ! 3333+ =33 2005/05-0136 !33 33 - :5!33 336 33+M X33
B.
\ ! + = 2006/1886 != , 4 O.
\ ! + 2005/1888 X X = ! ,O.
\ ! + 2005/01-0182 "Q X3, )3 3 3O
! ', 750/450)* :1 .6
\ ! + 2005/02-0182 "Q X3, )3 3 3O
! ', 750/450J :2 =)5.
\ ! + 2006/03-0182 "Q X3, )3 3 3O
! ', 750/450 :3 \s [.
\ ! + 2006/04-0182 "Q X3, )3 3 3O
! ', 750/450 :4 \s [.
\ ! + 2006/05-0182 "Q ) X, )(3.3,.
O ! ', 750/450 :5 )(.
\33 ! 3333+ 2005/1-96533 !33 "Q33 )[33 1 433! 33O33
', 30 ', :1 O ! 6 4 ', 30 .'M
\33 ! 3333+ 2006/2-96533 !33 "Q33 )[33 1 433! 33O33
', 30 ', :2 O ! 6 4 ', 30 .'M
\ ! + 2005/2948 "Q.
\ ! + 1995/01-2841*) " " B " , X
O\ XM :1 *+ " u\.
\ ! + 1995/02-2841*) " " B " , X
O\ XM :2=RJ I, - ," .B
\ ! + 1995/03-2841*) " " B " , X
O\ XM :3=RJ ") ,Nd" .B
\ ! + 1995/04-2841*) " " B " , X
O\ XM :4 !; =)5.
\ ! + 1996/05-2841*) " " B " , X
O\ XM :5 -N".
\ ! + 1998/3370" Bs ,Q' " , X
O\ XM.
\ ! + 1988/0151U k" .B
\ ! + 265+ 2006/1 O\ )* :1 .6
\ ! + 265+ 2006/3 O\ + :4 3S
* R +) 4 S Q .(R
\333 ! 333333+ 2003/0027 333+ 333B 333,333 4333SO
Q 4 9U d " *) .
\3333 ! 33333333+ 1994/01-0060 3333+ 3333B 3333,
33 433SO "33 33 :1 33+ 33B 33,33 433SO
Q .U
\ ! + 1995/02-1163)5 "= ,Q 3S -3!3
) B ', 1000 O.(XM
\3333 ! 33333333+ 1994/03-0060 3333+ 3333B 3333,
4SO " :3 M 6 +\'.
\333 ! 333333+ 1997/01-0133!333 ! 333 333, 333S333
B Q R :1*) ".
309
-
\333 ! 333333+ 1997/02-0133!333 ! 333 333, 333S333
B Q R :2M 4 + BRJ @.
\333 ! 333333+ 1997/03-0133!333 ! 333 333, 333S333
B Q R :3 ! !.
\333 ! 333333+ 1997/04-0133!333 ! 333 333, 333S333
B Q R :4)5 .
\333 ! 333333+ 1997/05-0133!333 ! 333 333, 333S333
B Q R :5=)5 .
\ ! + 2005/01-321 3+\ '3) 3
:1*) " *) .
\ ! + 2005/02-321 3+\ '3) 3
)* :3 .
\33 ! 3333+ 2005/0438\33 33 33B 33Q 33433 33Z
) B[ *) ".
\33 ! 3333+ 33R E33M 2005/2347 33 33, B3333 )33
, B).
\ ! + 1993/2405M 4 X 3S)3 3, 3B34
D .5
\333 ! 333333+ 2005/2838 333+ 333B 333,333 4333SO
Nd ) ,S( *) ".
\3 ! 3333+ 2005/2996 33+ 3B 33,33! 433SO X33+
25 Q*) ".
\ ! + )* 2005/3585 + ) ) (3
d ".
\333 ! 333333+ 2005/3938333 = 3332333s 333 333 333+
\ ) *) .
\333 ! 333333+ 2003/3938333 = 3332333s 333 333 333+
\ ) *) " *) .
\33 ! 33333+ 2005/4111 33+ 33B 333,) 433SO333+
("U Nd " *) ".
310
( .. )+ ) , -

Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, Benjamin Stien, John -1
Renolds, John Wily & Sons , 8th Edition, 1992.
Mechanical and Electrical Systems for Buildings, William K. Tao, Richard R. -2
Janis, Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, 2001.
Electrical Installation Handbook, SIEMENS, John Wily & Sons , 2000. -3
Electrical Installation Calculations, B. Jenkins, M. Coates, Blackwell -4
Science,2nd Edition, 1998.
A Practical Guide to the Wiring Regulations, Blackwell Science Ltd, 1999. -5
Industrial lighting systems , John P. Frier , McGraw-Hill , 1980 -6
Electrical power distribution system engineering , Turan Gonen, McGraw- -7
Hill , 1986.
IEC 60364-5-52 Electrical Installations of Buildings - Selection and erection -8
of electrical equipment - Wiring systems
IEC 60364-5-54 Electrical Installations of Buildings - Selection and erection -9
of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements.
IEC 60479-1 Effects of Current on Human Beings and Livestock - General -10
aspects.
Electrical Installation Design, Bill Atkinson, Blackwell Science, 2nd edition, -11
2000.
Handbook of Electrical Design Details, Neil Sclater, John Trasiter, McGraw- -12
Hil Companies, 2003
IEC Specifications
IEC 227 (Poly vinyl chloride)-insulated cables of rated voltages up to and
including 450/750 V:
227 -1 Part 1 General requirements
227-2 Part 2 Test methods
227-3 Part 3 Non-sheathed cables for fixed wiring
227-4 Part 4 Sheathed cables for fixed wiring
227-5 Part 5 Flexible cables (cords)
227-6 Part 6 Lift cables and cables for flexible connections
IEC 245 Rubber-insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including
450/750 V
245-1 Part 1 General requirements
245-2 Part 2 Test methods
245-3 Part 3 Heat-resisting silicone-insulated cables
245-4 Part 4 Cords and flexible cables
245-5 Part 5 Lift cables
245-6 Part 6 Arc welding electrode cables
IEC 502 Extruded solid dielectric insulated power cables for rated voltages
from 1 kV to 30 kV
IEC 702 Mineral insulated cables and their terminations with a rated
voltage not exceeding 750 V
702-1 Part 1 Cables
702-2 Part 2 Terminations
-
IEC 173
IEC 391
IEC 446
IEC 60
IEC 229
IEC 230
IEC 270
IEC 332
IEC 538
IEC 540
IEC 811
IEC 815
IEC 71
IEC 287
IEC 364
IEC 724
Colours of the cores of flexible cables and cords

Marking of insulated conductors
Identification of insulated and bare conductors by colour
High voltage test techniques:
60-1 Part 1 General definitions and test requirements
60-2 Part 2 Test procedures
60-3 Part 3 Measuring devices
60-4 Part 4 Application guide for measuring devices
Tests on cable oversheaths which have a special protective
function and are applied by extrusion
Impulse tests on cables and their accessories
Partial discharge measurements
Tests on electric cables under fire conditions:
332-1 Part 1 Test on a single vertical insulated wire or cable
332-3 Part 3 Tests on bunched wires or cables
Electric cables, wires and cords: methods of test for polyethylene
insulation and sheath
Test methods for insulation and sheaths of electric cables and
cords (elastomeric and thermoplastic compounds)
Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of
electric cables
811-1 Part 1 Methods for general application
811-2 Part 2 Methods specific to elastomeric compounds
811-4 Part 4 Methods specific to polyethylene and
polypropylene compounds
(The several parts of IEC 811 are themselves subdivided into
sections, e.g. 811-1-1, 811-1-2, 811-2-1, with certain groups of
test methods in each section. Part 3 is reserved for methods
specific to PVC compounds)
Electrical test methods for electric cables
8152 Part 2 Partial discharge tests
(When all parts of IEC 811 and IEC 815 have been completed
they will replace IEC 538 and IEC 540)
Insulation co-ordination
71-1 Part 1 Terms, definitions, principles and rules
71-2 Part 2 Application guide
71-3 Part 3 Phase-to-phase insulation co-ordination: principles,
rules and application guide
Calculation of the continuous current rating of cables (100% load
factor)
Electrical installations of buildings. This has a number of parts,
which are subdivided into chapters, and sections, of which some
have a bearing on cables; the following, which supersedes IEC
448, is particularly relevant:
364 5 523 Part 5 Selection and erection of electrical
equipment
Chapter 52 Wiring systems
Section 523 Current carrying capacities
Guide to the short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables
with a rated voltage not exceeding 0.6/1.0 kV
311
, -) + ). . (
312
-
313
E:
X 6 E

9 6 ) 9E

كتاب-2 - التمديدات الكهربائية - د. جيلانى PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

كتاب-2 - التمديدات الكهربائية - د. جيلانى PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

   " !

!./  ,*)!( '&

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

"! 9  7 65   3 PDF-File 1< 3!;

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

3-1,    

4-1!,  K U

3-2!9 !, 39 ......................................................................................

2-3-22s    *  41 ............................................................................. UPS

/! 4-2 ! 

 u+  IS " 52 ..................................................................................

6 4-7-2 5  u+ 52 .............................................................................

10-2!) >  57 ................................................................ Neutral

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

12-2 9  60 ......................................................................... Bus Duct

1-14-2 65 ......................................................................................... MCB :

15-2) ! ) ( 71 ...................................................................... Fuse

 + " !* -" 72 ............................................................. C.R.H

5-3_ ) /84 ............................................................................

9 : 5-3_  )  9  ) 85 ................................................

85 ................................................................ ity FactorDivers

N 7-3      95 ......................................................................

8-3* 6 7? 9. ) ) / ( 95 ........................................................

9-3!  & 102 ...................................................................................

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

2-4 U  )114 ..........................................................( LoadsStatic

7/ 4-4 *?    3!L/   121 .........................................

6-4F < : 7 !  128 ...................................................... 9 L

9 -4< ? 141 ..........................................................................................

3-59. /! ?/!    3 /F  150 ..........................................

7-5 3 U    )  !>(161 ..........................................................

8-5!   U 168 ......................................................   7

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

2-12-5    2s  182 ............................................................................ -+

3-6   189 ......................................................................................

7/ 6-6 ;  .   196 ...................................................................

7-6   199 ......................................................................  7

9-6! 205 .......................................................................................... 9 L

210 .............................................................. 5 9 U 10-6

211 ...........................................................  7 93 U 11-6

216 ................................................ (Corrosion) d * ?   12-6

225 .......................................................................................... 6  X 5-7

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

7-7 ! !  !9/ P 228 ...............................................................

9 : 5-7? *L )241 .................................................................... (Ri

12- 7P @  256 .................................................................................

 14-7 !, 258 ....................................................................................

3-8   268 ...................................................................................

4-8  _ !_ 270 ...........................................................

6-8   ?    

  , -)   +  ).  .  (

  , -)   +  ).  . (

@ :  2 " M X !; M 9,  : 96 :" : E

  , -)   +  ).  . (

1-1N K  K 

  G !* ) , U M , R 3 G3 323 3 3")J )3

!   =U  6   -N  3+ 3U  3 36 **3 \ 23

3-1-1 ! ) U  \2 (

 \ 2 6  ** ,  U  36 =3U  \3  3 .3)

6  / ! "J X5 4 X .

6*M  -   "  \  !! 6 + 2s  \.

 /E   N"M  4 6  \.

" !

!./ ,*)!( '&

, -) + ). . (

"! 9 7 65 3 PDF-File 1< 3!;

, -) + ). . (

3-1,

4-1!, K U

3-2!9 !, 39 ......................................................................................

2-3-22s * 41 ............................................................................. UPS

/! 4-2 !

u+ IS " 52 ..................................................................................

6 4-7-2 5 u+ 52 .............................................................................

10-2!) > 57 ................................................................ Neutral

, -) + ). . (

12-2 9 60 ......................................................................... Bus Duct

1-14-2 65 ......................................................................................... MCB :

15-2) ! )( 71 ...................................................................... Fuse

+ " !* -" 72 ............................................................. C.R.H

5-3_ ) /84 ............................................................................

9 : 5-3_ ) 9 ) 85 ................................................

N 7-3 95 ......................................................................

8-3* 6 7? 9. ) ) / ( 95 ........................................................

9-3! & 102 ...................................................................................

, -) + ). . (

2-4 U )114 ..........................................................( LoadsStatic

7/ 4-4 *? 3!L/ 121 .........................................

6-4F < : 7! 128 ...................................................... 9L

9 -4< ? 141 ..........................................................................................

3-59. /! ?/! 3 /F 150 ..........................................

7-5 3 U ) !>(161 ..........................................................

8-5! U 168 ...................................................... 7

, -) + ). . (

2-12-5 2s 182 ............................................................................ -+

3-6 189 ......................................................................................

7/ 6-6 ; . 196 ...................................................................

7-6 199 ...................................................................... 7

9-6! 205 .......................................................................................... 9L

210 .............................................................. 5 9 U 10-6

211 ........................................................... 7 93 U 11-6

216 ................................................ (Corrosion) d * ? 12-6

225 .......................................................................................... 6 X 5-7

, -) + ). . (

7-7 ! ! !9/ P 228 ...............................................................

9 : 5-7? *L )241 .................................................................... (Ri

12- 7P @ 256 .................................................................................

14-7 !, 258 ....................................................................................

3-8 268 ...................................................................................

4-8 _ !_ 270 ...........................................................

6-8 ?

, -) + ). . (

, -) + ). . (

@ : 2 " M X !; M 9, : 96 :" : E

, -) + ). . (

1-1N K K

G !* ) , U M , R 3 G3 323 3 3")J)3

! =U 6 -N3+ 3U 3 36 **3 \ 23

3-1-1! ) U \2 (

\ 26 ** , U 36 =3U \3 3 .3)

6 / ! "J X5 4 X.

6*M - " \ !! 6 + 2s \.

/E N"M 46 \.

2 U =U \ 9S X)M 4S, G >S 4:9

, -) + ). . (

6 " ! 3 O3 3 3 -3 \3 36 K23"3

1-2-1 - ;S"

2-2-1 - ;S

3-2-1 - ;S =U

3-1,

, -) + ). . (

)* . ".

1-3-1*) "

2-3-1*)

-2*9 9/ 9!

3-3-1*)

. D*9 9, ) ) .

, -) + ). . (

, K2 3, Double Pole Switch, DP SW -N3 *3 3

4-1!, K U

4 Y* SB ! 6 ,:

, -) + ). . (