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Norton + Thevenin PDF
Norton + Thevenin PDF
VTh
B
Thevenin equivalent
circuit consists of
VTh and RTh
12V
12V
B
RT
100
47
10V
RL
22
100
100
100
+
47
47
10V
Voc
22
22
Set RTh = RT
B
RT
A
A really
complicated
circuit
IN
B
RN
B
Norton equivalent
circuit consists of IN
and RN
Notes
The Norton resistance is identical to the Thevenin resistance, RN = RTh
The Norton (or Thevenin) resistance can also be calculated from the
ratio of the Thevenin voltage to the Norton current, i.e., RTh = RN =
VTh/IN
83.3V
100
47
RL
47
100
A
Short-circuit the
terminal A-B
83.3V
47
Isc
100
47
B
RT
VTh
IN
RN
Example
Use source transformations to aid in solving for the currents i1 and i2
in the circuit.
Notice that the +ve polarity of the 10V source is at the top because
the 1A-source points upwards.
The single loop KVL R1i1 + R2i1 + 10 20 = 0
10
i1
0.667 A
R1 R2
Then in the original circuit,
i2 = i1 + 1 = 1.667 A
R1
5
5 1.667 A
By current-divider rule, i2
itotal
R1 R2
5 10
20V
RL
6A
10V
Voc
Voc
Ix
+
6A
20V
20V
Removing the load resistor RL, we find the open circuit voltage Voc.
Applying a source transformation on the pair of 6A current source and
5 resistor, we get a series circuit consisting of only resistors and
voltage sources (be careful with the polarity).
30V
1.6
2V
RL
Example
Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the circuit
below to the left of terminals a-b.
Alternative
It is even easier to use nodal analysis