Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Din Vde 0210 - 1985-Ocr
Din Vde 0210 - 1985-Ocr
Din Vde 0210 - 1985-Ocr
December 1985
/-
,5.17:621.3.027.4:001.4 -
. DEUTSCHE NORM
December 1985
Commencement of validity
This standard (VDE Specification) applies as of lst December
1985.
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
Scope
Definitions
General requirements
_conductors
Conductor accessories
6
Insulators, insulator sets
7
Accessories for insulator sets and
other conductor attachments
8
Towers
9
Foundations
10
Earthing
11
Clearances within t~e overhead power
line
12
Clearances in rural areas
'
13
Clearances and specifications for line
design in the proximity of building
installations and traffic routes
14
Special specifications for crossings
and approaches
Appendix A: Galvanizing of towers and other
components
Quoted standards and other .documents
Previous editions
Amendments
Comments
Page
2
2
5
5
12
13
'
14
16
43
62
62
64
66
78
79
81
87
87
88
Continuation page 2 to 99
(DKE)
supports
the conductors
in
straight
2.2.2
Angle suspension tower
serves
as
suspension support for
the conductors where the line changes direction
2.2.3
Angle tower carries the resulting conductor tensile forces
where the line changes direction.
2.2.4
Section tower and angle section tower carry the conductor
ter.sile
forces in line direction or in the resultant
direction,
respectively,
and
serve
additionally
as
rigid
points in the
line.
2.2.5 Terminal tower
forces on one side.
carries
the
total
conductor
provided
the
tensile
above men-
with staywires in
2.3 Foundations
Foundations are
parts of
the
supports and fulfil the task of
transferring
the structural loads from the tower to the sub~oil,
and,
at
the
same
time,
protecting the tower against critical
movements of the subsoil.
accommodates
is
is
the
part of an
between two adjacent ~ection supports.
overhead
line
situated
3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
All
components of an overhead line shall be selected, designed
and
installed in such a manner that they perform reliably during
operation under the climatic conditions to be regularly expected,
under
the maximum operating voltage, under the effects of the
electrical load current and under the short circuit loadings to
be expected.
If necessary the
influence of atmospheric and
switching overvoltages shall be taken into consideration.
These requirements are met if an overhead line is designed and
installed according to the following stipulations.
DIN VDE
0105
Part
applies
to
operation
and
maintenance.
4. CONDUCTORS
4.1 Rating
4.1.1 Thermal rating
Material and cross-section Of a conductor shall be selected such
that the conductor will not reach a temperature which would lead
to
an
inadmissible
reduction
of
its
mechanical
strength
while
being
subjected
to the maximum electrical load current
DIN VDE 0103 applies to the mechanical and thermal short circuit
strength. Departing from this specification the permissible conconductor temperatures
shall
be limited to the values given in
Table 1.
Table 1.
Material
Permissible conductor
temperature c at
short circuit
Homogeneous
conductors
Copper
AAC
AAAC
Steel
170
130
160
200
Reinforced
conductors
ACSR
AACSR
160
160
Type of
conductor
..
For
selfsupporting metal-reinforced
telecommunication aerial
cables
the
permissible maximum working tensile stress shall be
selected with regard
to Table
3 Column 6 taking account of
material and design of the supporting reinforcement.
4.1.2.2 Loading according to long-term tensile stress
At
-5"C with three
times the normal
or twice the increased
additional load ace. to Clause 8.1.1.2 or
at
-5"C with the normal additional load combined with wind load
ace. to Clause 8.2.1.3 or
at -5"C with the
increased additional load combined with wind
load ace. to Clause 8.2.1.3
the conductor tensile stress at the support positions shall not
exceed
the
loqg-term
tensile stress ace. to Table 3 Column 8
whereby the higher value of stress will apply.
_ For
selfsupporting metal-reinforced
telecommunication aerial
cables
the long-term tensile stress shall be selected related to
Table
3 Column 8 taking care of material and design of the
supporting reinforcement.
4.1.2.3 Loading according to everyday stress
At
the annual mean temperature, which can be assumed to be +lO"C
normally,
the horizontal component of
the conductor tensile
stress without wind
load should not exceed the everyday stress
ace. to Table 3 Column ~c:-Depending on the design of the suspension fittings and on the
efficiency of the vibration protection the horizontal component
of
the conductor tensile
stress may exceed the everyday stress
ace. to Table 3 Column 7 by up to 3..2J_tn individual cases.
In case of selfsupporting metal-reinforced
telecommunication
aerial cables the everyday stress shall be selected in relation
to Table
3
Column~, depending on material and design of the
supporting reinforcement.
4.1.2.4 Stress due to aeolian vibrations
Conductors are excited
to vibration by laminar windflows which
may
lead
to damag~
by
failures
of individual strands and,
eventually,
of the whole conductor. Occurrence and intensity of
the
vibration to be expected depend on the material, design and
cross-section of the conductor, on the magnitude of the everyday
stress,
on the local wind and terrain conditions, on the design
of
the
suspension arrangements and on the fittings used as well
as
on the span length and on the height of the conductors above
ground level.
When selecting the everyday stress ace. to Clause 4.1.2.3 there
will
be only a small risk of vibration failure of reinforced
conductors made of aluminium and
steel as well as in case of
homogeneous
conductors
made
of
copper,
of
steel,
of
copper wrought alloys
or of aluminium clad
steel,
assuming
Nominal
cross-section
mm 2
35/6
50
35/6
35
25
25
25
25
'U
Table 3. Composition, mechanical characteristics, permissible maximum working stress, everyday stress and ultimate
long-term stress for standard conductors ace. to DIN 118201, DIN 48204 and DIN 48206
Ill
()q
ro
.......
1
Crosssectional
ratio
Stranding
3
Unit deadweight force
related to
cross-section
QLK
ACSR ace. to
DIN '48204
1,4
and
AACSR (A1drey/
Steel) ace. to
DIN 48206,
respectively
Coefficient
of thermal
expansion Et
-6
(!2_)
K
14/7
111/19
0,0491
1,7
12/7
0,0466
15,3
4,3
30/7
0,0375
6,0
6/1
26/7
0,0350
5
Effective
modulus of
elasticity
E
Permissible
maximum
working
stress
Everyday
stress
tl
kN/mm
N/mm
N/mm
.tl
[rJ
N/mm
ACSR AACSR
240
270
90
104
401
464
107
220
255
84
102
368
435
17,8
82
140
190
57
69
240
328
19,2
18,9
77
120
175
56
67
208
300
110
1\.)
.......
0
ACSR AACSR
81
0,0336
19,6
19,3
19,4
74
70
68
llO
165
52
63
189
284
n,3
48/7
0,0320
20,5
62
95
155
44
165
265
14,5
115/7
0,0309
20,9
61
90
148
40
53
50
152
255
23,1
7217
0,0298
21,7
60
80
35
130
60
7
19
37
z
<
0
ACSR AACSR
15,0
Ultimate
long-term
stress
24/7
54/7
54/19
7,7
AAC ace. to
DIN 48201 Part 5
(~)
m.mm
0,0275
61
91
23,0
57
70
30
120
55
----
-------
1
Conductor type and
rna terial
Crosssectional
ratio
Stranding
Copper ace. to
DIN 48201 Part 1
(~)
m.mm
'
Coefficient
of thermal
expansion Et
-6
(.!Q_)
7
19
37
61
Copper wrought
alloy (Bronze I
. Bronze I II)
ace. to
DIN 48201 Part 2
7
19
37
61
Steel St I-St IV
ace. to
DIN 48201 Part 3
Effective
modulus of
elasticity
E
kN/mm 2
Pennissi ble
maximum
working
stress
N/mm 2
Everyday
stress
N/mm 2
Ultimate
long-term
stress
N/mm 2
60
19
37
61
91
0,0275
23,0
57
140
44
240
55
113
105
0,0906
17,0
175
85
300
100
113
105
100
400
235
Bz II
III
295
100
500
0
620
365
:-i
:z:
<:
Aluminium clad
steel ace. to
DIN 48201 Part 8
180
0,0792
11,0
7
19
II
175
19
0' 0671
13,0
159
St III
IV
567
160
280
lJ50
550
120
130
150
137
320
560
goo
1100
[<]
0
N
t-'
'"0
Pl
oq
1112
37
61
(I)
157
L___~
t-'
t-'
5.1 Rating
5.1.1 Thermal rating
Conductor accessories
shall be selected in such a manner that
they will not
reach a higher temperature than the conductors
themselves when the maximum permissible electrical load current
flows
and that
the
temperature rise
will not
lead to an
inadmissible reduction of mechanical strength when subjected to
maximum expected short circuit load.
5.1.2 Mechanical rating
5.1.2.1 Attachment of the conductors at pin-type insulators
Accessories serving for attachment
of
conductors at pin-type
insulators shall be rated to withstand the conductor tensile
forces
which result from the loads on the conductor ace. to
Clauses
8.1
and
8.2.
Additionally
they shall reliably
sustain the conductors in case of unbalanced tensile forces
ace. to Clause 8.2.2. This does not apply to acceBsories which
due to their design should enable slipping of the conductors.
If
the continuous conductor (main conductor) is jointed on both
sides of the pin-type insulator with an auxiliary conductor which
itself
is fixed
to a second insulator the connection of both
conductors may only be rated for the maximum working tensile
force.
At angle positions the conductors shall be arranged such that the
insulator is internal to the angle formed by the conductor.
5.1.2.2 Attachment of conductors at insulator sets
Deadend
clamps
shall sustain the conductor with 2,5 times the
maximum working tensile force or with 85 % of the conductor
failing load, which ever be the lower value.
Suspension clamps shall be rated for 2,5 times the forces acting
on the conductor ace. to Clause 8.1.
Additionally the
suspension clamps
shall reliably sustain the
conductors in case of unbalanced tensile forces ace. to Clause
8.2.2. This does
not apply to suspension clamps which are designed to enable the conductor to slip.
5.1.2.3 Conductor joints
Conductor
joints loaded by tensile
forces
shall sustain the
conductor with 2,5
times the maximum working tensile force or
with
85 % of the conductor failing load, which ever be the lower
value.
shall
comply
with
the
requirements
factor
factor
DIN VDE 0441 Part 2 or DIN VDE 0446 Part 1 apply to testing in
order to verify that the requirements are met.
Accessories
attachments
for
insulator
sets
and
other
conductor
maximu~
releva~t
Rating
faC'tor
3,3
4,0
'
3,3
4,5
4,0
3,3
3' 3
for
with
Part
Part
Part
insulator
sets and other conductor attachments
the requirements according to
50,
53 and
54.
8. TOWERS
in kN
in kN
where:
cf
aerodynamical drag coeffcient which depends on the shape and
type of surface of the structural component
exposed to wind
(see
Table
6). To all not individually
mentioned shapes
the respective values ace. to DIN 1055 Part 4 shall apply.
kN/m 2
v 2 /l600
dynamic
wind
pressure
in
where v means the wind velocity in m/s
diameter of
conductor
or subconductor or diameter of the
additional load assumed to be circularly shaped.
span
length
in
shall be used.
(see Table 5)
(
m
up to 20
0 to 200
m
up to
above
15
15 to
0
above
40
above 100
above 150
0,55
0 '7 0
20
to 40
to 100
to 150
to 200
.... . "
0,70.~
0 '9 0
1,15
1,25
0,44
0,53
0,53
0,68
0' 8 6
0,95
I,
' .,
Aerodynamical drag
coefficient c 1
Component
l' 6
2,8
1,2
2,1
0,7
1' 4
1,0
0,7
for a < 2 d *)
for a = 2 d m up t o a
for a > 6 dmm
6 d
0,35
0,7
0,8
1,2
1,1
1,0
1,3
0,4
*)
loading
cases
MN
to
MN 5 apply as indicated in
In
case
of
lattice
towers
with
square
or rectangular
cross-section
only
the. surface of the lattice faces exposed to
Hind
need
to be considered. The wind pressure on lattice faces,
the
plane of which extends
into the direction of wind, may be
neglected.
to
be assumed
shall be taken
detail
8.2.2.1 General
In the loading case MA 1 the tensile force of one conductor shall
be
assumed to be reduced on one side ace. to Clauses 8.2.2.2 or
8.2.2.3 if up to two three-phase AC circuits are installed an the
towers.
If more
than
two
three-phase
AC
circuits are
installed on the
towers,
half of
the
loading ace. to Clauses
8.2.2.2 or 8.2.2.3 shall be considered additionally for the third
and the fourth as well as for the fifth and the sixth circuits.
The position of the unbalanced conductor tensile forces acting in
the
same direction
shall
be assumed in such a manner that the
most
unfavourable
loadings
occur
in
the
individual members.
Independently of the
arrangement
of
the
circuits
reduction of the
tensile
force
of one
conductor
considered for one crossarm.
only
the
has to be
Loading case
MN 2
Loading case
MN 3
Loading case
Loading case
MN 4
MN 5
Permanent
loads, additional loads
Permanent
loads
Permanent
loads
Permanent
loads
Permanent
loads, additional loads
Hind load on
toHer and
equipment in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm
Hind load on
toHer, equipment and condue tors in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm
Hind load on
toHer and
equipment
rectangularly to the
axis of
crossarm
Quatering
Hind load on
toHer, equipment and condue tors ace.
to Clause
8.2.1.2
Hind load in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm on
toHer, equipment and conductors Hith
additional
load ace. to
Clause 8.2.1.3
MN 1
Suspension
toVJers
r-
5~
(__,
-1
s (__.
-\ _) c
f' "
+-5'c_
:::
--S,c -1 v.;
Angle suspension
toVJers and
angle toHers
Permanent
loads, additional loads
Permanent
loads
Permanent
loads
Permanent
loads, additional loads
Loading case
MA 2
Wind load on
toHer and
eq~ipment in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm
Continuation
see Page 22
Permanent
loads
Loading case
MA 1
Hind load on
toHer, equipment and conductors in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm
v! in d
load on
tm-1er, equipment and conductors rectangularly to
the axis of
cros:;arm
Quartering
Hind load on
toHer, equipment and conductors ace.
to Clause
8.2.1.2
Wind load in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm on
toHer, equipment and conductors with
additional
load ace. to
Clause 8.2.1.3
z
<
0
(l1
0
N
t-'
0
'U
n>
OQ
(J)
{\)
t-'
'"0
~
OQ
(])
ToHer type
N
N
Loading case
Loading case
MN 1
MN 2
Loading case
MN 3
MN 4
MN 5
Loading case
MA 1
Loading case
MA 2
<
0
Angle suspension
towers and
angle toHers
(cont.)
Conductor
tensile
forces resulting
from additional loads
Conductor
tensile
forces at
+5c and
wind load
Conductor
tensile
forces at
+5c and
wind load
Conductor
tensile
forces at
+5c and
wind load
Section
towers and
angle section
toHers
see angle
suspension
towers and
angle toHers
see angle
suspension
towers and
angle towers
Permanent
loads
additional
loads
see angle
suspension
tov1ers and
angle toviers
see angle
suspension
toHers and
angle towers
~ ...
I Permanent
loads, additional
loads
Hind loads
on to1-1er and
equipment in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm
thirds of
the higher
conductor tensile forces at
one side resulting from
additional
loads. These
forces act in
the centre of
the toHer
Tv:o
[T]
0
N
1-'
0
ToHer type
Terminal
t01-1ers
Loading case
Loading case
MN l
t1N 2
Loading base
MN 3
Loading case
Loading case
Loading case
Loading case
MN 4
MN 5
MA l
MA 2
Permanent
loads, additional loads
Permanent
loads
additional
loads
Permanent
loads
Permanent
loads, additional loads
Wind load on
tower and
equipment in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm
\-lind load on
tO\ler and
equipment
rectangularly to the
axis of
c rossarm
Qua tering
Hind load
on tovrer,
equipment
and conductors
Hind load in
direction of
the axis of
crossarm on
tovrer, equipment and conductors vJith
additional
load ace. to
Clause 8.2.1.3
Conductor
tensile
forces at
one side of
all conductors resulting from
additional
loads
Conductor
tensile
forces at
one side of
all conducLors rcsu] tinr; from
additional
Conductor
tensile
forces at
one side of
all conductors at
+5C and
Hind load
Conductor
tensile
forces at
one side of
all conductors
from ad ditional load
and wind
load ace. to
Clause 8.2.1.3
lOilClS
CJ
H
<
0
trJ
0
I'J
I-'
0
"0
Pl
aq
CD
I'J
Loading case MA r
The tensile fore~ of one conductor with normal or increased additional
load
shall be assumed to be reduced on one side by 100%.
Loading case MA 2
The
tensile
forces
of all
reduced by 40 % on one side.
conductors
shall be assumed to be
indicated in
loading
cases
QA
to
QA
3 apply as indicated in
QN l
Suspension
tm-1ers
Loading case
QN 2
Loading case
QN 3
Permanent loads
Hind load on
cross arm and
equipment rectangularly to
the axis of
crossarm
Wind load on
crossarm, equipment and conductors in direction of the axis
of crossarm
8.2.1.3
Angle
suspension
tmle rs and
angle tov1ers
Wind load on
crossarm, equipment and conductors in direction of the axis
of crossarm
Wind load on
crossarm and
equipment rectangularly to
the axis of
crossarm
L
Exceptional loading (QA) ace. to Clause 8.3.2
Loading case
QA 1
Loading case
QA 2
Loading case
QA 3
Permanent loads,
erection and
maintenance
loads ace. to
Clause 8 .l.l. 3
8.3.2.2
8.3.2.2
Permanent loads,
erection and
maintenance
loads ace. to
Clause 8.1.1.3
0
H
z
<
0
[r)
0
1\..)
t--'
.,
Pl
()q
ill
1\..)
Vl
'"U
Ill
()q
Tower type
Loading case
QN 2
~~~.
t:.r:;
Clause 8.3.2
Cll
1\)
Loading case
' ,
QN 3
Loading case
QA 1
Loading case
QA 2
I Loading case
QA 3
0\
0
H
Section
towers and
angle
section
towers
Loads ace. to
;Loading cases
QN 3 and failing of one insulator string
ace. to Clause
8.3.2.1
Permanent loads,
additional loads
see angle suspension towers
and angle
towers
Wind loads on
crossarm and
equipment in direction of the
axis of crossarm
Higher one-sided
conductor tens i l e force of
one conductor
with addi tiona! '
load at tacking
most unfavourably and simultaneously two
thirds of the
higher one-sided
conductor forces
of the other
conductors with
additional load
Permanent
loads,
erection and
maintenance
loads ace. to
Clause 8 .1.1. 3
<
0
trl
0
1\)
I-'
Terminal
towers
Loading case
QN 2
Loading case
Q!'l 3
Permanent loads,
additional loads
Permanent loads,
additional loads
Wind load in
d irec ti on of the
axis of crossarm
on crossarm,
equipment and
conductors with
additional load
ace. to Clause
8.2.1.3
Wind load on
crossarm, equipment rectangularly to the axis
of crossarm
Conductor tensile
forces at one
side of all conductors with
additional load
and Hind load
ace. to Clause
8.2.1.3
Conductor tensile
forces at one
side of all conductors with
additional load
Loading case
QA 2
Loading case
QA 3
Loads ace. to
loading cases
QN 1 or QN 3
and failing of
one insulator
string ace. to
Clause 8.3.2.1
Permanent
loads,
erection and
maintenance
1 oads ace. to
Clause 8 .l.l. 3
<
0
f\J
......
0
'"U
Ill
OQ
C1>
(\)
-.J
Z(1 + ~)
Aid
H,
!ltd
z
=fa+ 2
H2
HJ""' Md
2h
jl
1-1.
-"'"1
g.
Aid
2 d-
When
using this approach the ratio alb shall not exceed 1,5. The
shape of the tower must be prismatic or correspond to a truncated
pyramid.
At
all
crossarm levels and at changes of slope of leg
members, horizontal bracings shall be provided and their adequacy
shall be proven.
bolts
may
be
used
for
shearing/bearing joints
ace.
to DIN 18800 Part.l) having a tolerance between
hole and bolt of up to 2 mm. These joints can be designed without
prestressing or with prestressing not less than 0,5 * FV (for FV
see Table 9,
Note 1).
The
prestressing force need not to be
checked.
(S~-joints
Materials,
performance
and analysis of shearing/bearing joints
shall
comply with DIN 18800 Part 1/03.81 Clauses 2.3 and 7.2.1.
The permis~ible stresses can be taken from Table 9.
When
using
high-strength
bolts
for
friction
grip
joints
(GV-joints ace. to DIN 18800 Part 1), with or without loadings in
direction of the axis of the
bolts, the
stipulations according
to DIN 18800 Part 1 and
Part
7 shall be met. The normal
loading shall be assigned to loading case H and the exceptional
loading to the loading case HZ.
8.4.2.5 Welded joints
For welded
joints the
stresses according to DIN 18800 Part 1/
03.81,
Table 11,
loading case H,
are permissible in case of
normal loading.
In case
of exceptional
loading 1,375
times
these stresses are permissible.
DIN 18800 Part 1 applies to the analysis and structural design of
DIN 18808 applies
to
tubular
welded
joints.
In addition
shall
be
sections.
Additionally,
the CAST-Instruction 009
adopted.
8.4.2.6 Rating of tensile loaded members
When
evaluating the tensile stress of a member consisting of an
angle
section which
is connected
by one rivet or by one bolt
compression
0
loaded
members
(t) -
Hhere:
F
absolute
value of the maximum compression force occurring
in the member in N
total
cross-section
of
the
member
compression
stress in N/mm 2 ace. to Table 9
for the analysed loadirig case and the material selected.
0 perm permissible
;
buckling
coefficient depending on the material and the
slenderness ratio A. For A:: 250, W can be taken from
DIN 4114 Part 1.
applies.
Hhere:
E
modulus of elasticity,
for steel
perm
= 210000 N/mm 2
0 perm
0 perm
160 N/mm 2
240 N/mm 2
slenderness ratio
For
members
with A < 20 a compression analysis need not to be
carried out. The buckling coefficient W may be taken as 1:
ttl F
M
-A- + 0.9 W :$ Operm
shall
not exceed the stress u
for compression and combined
bending
compression according P!SmTable 9. Thereb~, it has been
assumed
that
buckling occurs in the plane of the acting moment
and
that
the centre of gravity of the member cross-section has
the
same or a smaller distance to the extreme tension fibre than
to the extreme compression fibre.
The bending moment M and the section modulus Wd shall be related
to a principal axis of the total cross-section.
For a cross-section of a member the centre of gravity of which is
closer to
the extreme compression fibre
than to the extreme
berdirg
tension
fibre
the
following
two d~nditions must be
'"
satisfied:
(U. F .
M
o
-A-
,,
tuF
+ 0.9 W
':
...
"
~-
:5 uperm
;.
300+2.-l M
o=.~+. 1000 .wSuperm
....
'
~ <i;:
<,>, '
../. :; .'. . ~: . ,~ f) . :, , ""~JFL :_;-:,. . .
8.4.2.9 Rating of
rr
..
com~6und
...
compressiori members
!:.,
):,~;>
;
or ..... t~-; .angle sections
for
compression members can~i~ting
stan'dard bolt's-are-used. to_ . _jbiil the stay' plates instead of
rivets, -fitted ::bolts or welding, 'the buckling length evaluated
a c c or d i n g .to ~Cl au s e 8 4 2 . 11 s h a 11 be i n c r e as e d by t h e fa c to r 1. 1
while the :formula
.:
',:::
:.\
RiVets
Components
Steel structure
Compression
and Bending
compression,
Tension and
Bending tension
Shear
Normal
loading
Material
Type of
loading
Eolts
Exceptional
loading
N/rnrn 2
I
1160
1240
St 37-2
St 52-3
220
330
I
104
156
143
214
160
240
220
330
440
440
600
4.6 126
5.6- 168
10.9- 270
173
231
371
4.6
5.6
10. 9.
4.6
5.610.9-
280
280
280
280
420
420
385
385
385
385
575
575
10.9 - 380
522
10.9
783
St 37_:21
St 52-31
Shearing
Bearing
lust36
1
4.6
5.6
Shearing
Hexagon bolts ace. to
DIN 7990
High-stre~gth bolts ace.
to DIN 6914 without pr~-L
stressing
: ': I /
Bearing
.
..
'
St
St
St
St
St
St
37-2
37-2 t
37-2 ~~
52-3 1
52-31
52-31
i
,~
Bearing
~0,5xFvl)
St 37-21
St
52-31
570
171
Tension
5.6
150
206
10.9
410
563
\oo~
" +2
m . J.,2
"'y
/.yi =
where A
is the slenderness ratio of the individual sub-member.
1
In
case of a lattice system adopted for the connection of the
sub-members the effective working length, and in case of stay
plates their centre-to-centre distance, shall be assumed as the
buck l i n g 1 eng t h s k For i
t he, min i mum r ad ius of g y rat ion of a
1
1
sub-member shall be used.
/
If
the leg member is formed by several angle sections and if the
angle legs are parallel to the tower faces then the leg member
shall be checked against buckling in each of
the
tower faces.
Fo.r
the
slenderness ratio
the maximum of the
values Ax
or A
and A . or A . , respectively, shall be adopted.
y
Y1
X.l.
\.
'\
'
All
stay plates ~nd bracings as well as their connections shall
be rated such that under action of the virtual member shear force
... .
the
stresses permissible
not be exceeded.
Where:
w Y1.
T= QI L'
~:.r
,, ...
b)
d)
X
assumed.
8.4.2.11 Buckling length of the bracing members
In case of single warren or double warren bracing the buckling
length sk = 0,9 s
(s = effective working length) applies as
mentioned 'in DIN 4114 Part 2/02.53, R i 6. 48, if
their ends are fixed rigidly
they are sufficiently restrained in direction of buckling and
their cross-sectional area
is smaller than that of the leg
members.
Sufficient restraining
is
provided for example if the leg and
bracing members consist of angle sections.
In case of members of double warren bracing one of which is
compression loaded and
the other
tension loaded the crossing
point may be considered as rigid in the tower face as
well
as
rectan~ularly
to
that
plane if the
two crossing members are
connected according to DIN 4114 Part 2/02.53, _;Ri 6.41.
For bracing members which
in the plane of the
are supported
tovrer face by a redundant
bracing at 1 east at third points
and
which
are
restrained at
their crossing point by a
reinforcing panel
arranged not in the
plane of the face,
the reduced buckling length sk = 0,9 s may be assumed for
buckling r e c t _an g u 1 a r 1 y to the plane of the face.
,for
the
"
.;
:,~
~ C;-~
~-~-2.12
..:!
~~~es
r.: :-....~ , ,..
In all other
sk
s shall be taken.
no proof necessary
proof necessary, if b/t
proof necessary,
>
0,2
where 'A means the slenderness ratio relevant to the rating of the
member.
8.4.2.13 Structural components embedded in the ground
Clause 9.5.3 shall be met when rating structural components which
are embedded in the ground.
"'
37
.....
. \~
Diameters
of
bolts
less than 12 mm are not permissible for
loading.
The minimum strength quality for bolts M 12
is 5.6 according to DIN 267 Part 1.
st~uctural
8.~.3.2
The
maximum permissible diameter of a driven
rivet and the
maximum permissible
diameter of threads of mechanically loaded
bolts and the diameters of related boltholes are determined by
the
width of the
angle legs and may be taken from Table 10
together with the edge distances in direction of the force.
The .minimum dist~~~~s between centres of boltholes shall be not
less than 2,5 times the diameter of the holes, the edge distances
rectangularly to the direction of the force shall be not less
than 1,2 ti~es of the diameter of the bolthole.
.
..,
../......:
'
:\
..
8.4.3.3
E6centricity
~f member connections
. ..
.. ., .
!
~.
-~
. .... ..
".( .. :
;'t ...
~-
: ;,;
';t. i~ T"'! i. ~
n. .~ ;:
8.4 . 3~--C~mpound
compression members
.. .. ......
_
(.
In
case of compound compression members the slenderness ratio of
a sub-member shall not exceed 50. If stay plates are adopted they
shall
be arranged at least at third points of the total buckling
length and at the ends of the members. If members comprising two
angle
sections are connected to a common gusset plate, separate
stay plates at the member ends are not necessary.
Every stay
plate shall be connected to each sub-member by means
of two rivets or equivalent bolts or of an equivalent welded seam
designed
accordibg to the relevant standards. At the ends of the
members
one
additional connecting element shall be provided for
each
of
these
connections.
Compound compression members with
bracings shall also be provided with stay plates at the ends of
the members.
Dimension of bolts
Max. diameter of
bolthole
Hexagon bolts
Rivets
14
13
18
17
22
21
26
25
29
28
32
31
35
50
60
70
75
80
20
25
25
35
30
40
40
50
45
55
50
65
in direction
loos_~\uing
::
-.
; / _-,_-
'
;~..... '
. "
'
solid
wall
poles
with
circular
or
Solid
wall steel poles can be allied to structures predominantly
subjected to static loadings.
As
far as
materials, permissible stresses, use of high-strength
bolts,
welded
joints and thickness of materials are concerned,
the
requirements
for
lattice
steel
towers apply accordingly.
8.5.2 Analysis and design
8.5.2.1 Evaluation of internal forces and moments
The
evaluation
of
the
internal
forces
and moments shall
be
carried
out according
to
the
second
order
theory.
If this
more
precise
proof
is not
undertaken
the effects of
second
order
theory
may
be considered
by
the
following additions
to the moments which have been determined
according to the first
order theory:
Suspension, angle suspension and
angle towers
section towers, angle section towers,
terminal towers
3 %.
This
applies to poles having a length up to 40 m between
of the foundation and the top of the uppermost crossarm.
~he
top
where:
s
theoretical width of sides of the polygon
t
thickness
=
=
:: 10 mm/m
Thickness of wall
::: 16 mm.
apply to
Type of loading
Coniferous
timber
N/mm 2
--
Hard
wood
N/mm 2
Tension or bending
14 '5
11,0
12,0
3,5
5,0
1' 8
2,0
3,0
4 '0
A bending
and
of 80
timber.
19,0
of
strength
50
N/mm 2
in case of coniferous timber
2
N I mm
in case of hard wood shall be assumed for round
For
sawn
wood,
with the exception of sleepers, the permissible
stresse.:;,
according
to
DIN 1052 Part 1 shall be adhered to. In
case of dowelled double poles the section modulus may be taken as
three
tlmes
the
section modulus of the single pole if the lead
acts
in
a
plane which is determined by the axes of both poles.
All
oth0r types of double poles shall be treated as
poles.
t~o
separate
8.8
For other
tower designs and for towers made of other materials
the same minimum requirements accordingly apply as in case of the
above mentioned
tower
types.
Towers
made of aluminium alloys
shall
be designed according to DIN 4113 under consideration
of
the
loading
assumptions
specified above.
For normal
loading
according to
Clauses
8.1 to 8.3 the permissible stresses valid
for
the
loading
case
H
(main
forces)
apply,
and
for
exceptional loading 1,375 times these stresses.
been
carried out
for comparable
Stays
shall
be
equipped
with
devices
for
retightening. The
connection
of
the
stay ropes
with the anchor device shall be
accessible.
The
jointing elements
shall
be secured
against
unintentional loosening.
Stays of wood poles and poles made of materials with insulating
characteristics
shall
be additionally equipped beyond arm reach
Hith an insulator designed for adequate mechanical and electrical
strength (see DIN VDE 0141).
For all
other
towers the stays shall be bonded to the earthing
system of the support.
g. FOUNDATIONS
The
foundation
of
a
tower can be designed either as a compact
foundation or as a separate footing foundation.
Compact
foundations
are characterized in that the tower body is
accomodated
by one foundation and, in addition to horizontal and
vertical
for~es,
essentially
bending
moments
occur
as
loadings.
Depending
on the type of the compact foundation, the
transfer of
the
structural loads is achieved by soil pressures
within the foundation subface and by lateral soil resistance.
Separate footing foundations are characterized in that individual
foundations
for each leg member of the tower are
provided
and
each
of these receives -~sentially vertical loads in addition to
horizontal loads. "Uplift loads are counteracted by the deadweight
force of
the
foundation
body, by an earth surcharge perhaps
available and/or by shearing forces within the soil.
9.1 Requirements
The
foundations
of
towers shall be capable of transferring the
structural
loads
resulting
from the loading cases according to
Clause
8.2
inLo
the given subsoil with sufficient reliability.
This
objective
can
be achieved
by design and construction of
foundations
according
to
Clauses
9.4
to 9~8.
For poles the
stability of which, according to experience, is ensured without
a
specific
foundation body a proof may be disregarded.
The stability of foundations may also be proved by loading tests.
9.2 Types of subsoil
Due
to its varying performance in case of loading by foundations
the
subsoil is subdivided into natural soil (loose ground), rock
(solid ground) and made up ground.
9.2.1 Natural soil
A soil is
called natural if it is the result of a decayed geological
procedure. Following
main types have to be distinguished.
9.2.1.1 Non-cohesive soils
Sand,
gravel, boulders and their mixtures are classified as noncohesive soils if the weight portion of ingredients with particle
sizes
less than 0,06 mm does not exceed 15 %. The coarse grained
soils
(GE,
GW, GI, SE, SW, SI) and the mixed grained soils (GU,
GT, SU) according to DIN 18196 are within this category.
9.2.1.2 Cohesive soils
Clays, clayey silts and silts as well as their mixtures with noncohesive
soils (mixed grained soils with higher portion of finegrain) are classified as cohesive soils, if the weight portion of
cohesive
ingredients
with
particle sizes below 0,06 mm exceeds
15%
(for example
sandy clay, sandy silt, loam, marl). The fine
solls iUL,
UM,
TL, TM, TA) and the mixed grained soils
(SU, ST, ST, GU and GT) according to DIN 18196 are within
this
category of soil.
9.2.2 Rock
Throughout
this standard all solid grounds are identified by the
generic term "rock".
and
DIN
4022
fingers Hhen
2
j3
Specific weight
force(values for
design)
1----------- ----------- --
Type of soi 1
na turallyl with
humid
bouyancy
_II ____
>-o
I;,__,-~-~-------
Angle oftliP~1n;';'"'soll
internal pressure
friction at a depth
not more
than 1,5 m
7
8 ____
-~
Jll
Angle of earth frustum ace. to Clauses
1_9
Coeff.
K
ace. tol9.6.1,. 9.6.2 and 9.6.3 (B 0 ) 9.5.1 (B)
Clause
9.3.2
Foundation type acc.to Fig.~
IJ\
1----'-
kN/m
kN/m
Degree
kN/m
-J
----1
17
18
19
l7
18
I
18
9
10
ll
9
10
30
32,5
35
35
35
200
300
!JOO
400
!JOO
5
5
5
liQO
10
~---1 - - -1---------1-------35
16
18
15
IJO
19
10
l7' 5
!JO
18
17,5
19
18
10
10
19
ll
Mono block
l6tol8
l8to20
20to22
20to22
20to22
5tol0
5tol0
8tol0
8tol2
8tol2
8tol2
38to4 9 22to27
~lto53 25to30
4lto53 25to30
~lto53 25to30
l8to2l
20to23
22to25
22to25
22to25
I0
9tolll 6to 8
~~
2,5
lltol31 8tol0
lj
100
2,5
2lto27116tol9llltol5l Stoll
22,5
22,5
100
200
3
3
26to34,18to2l/l3tol7110tol3
26to34 22to26 15to23 lltol9
6
8
25
200
3,5
29to38l25to30ll7to26ll3to21
CD
-'=
z
c::::1
0
t:>l
0
N
1-'
0
+--------
(1::1
"'t'
Degree
-1
3,5
11
Pl
-=". . .
.,;;"
18
19
400
400
27,5
30
3,5
4
5tol6
Oto 7
15
i
l
' '
20
independent of
depth
up to 1000
25
up to 3000
12tol6
Compacted embankment
6tol0
l0to25
30tol00
6tol3
--
I.JtolO
0
H
:z:
<
0
trl
0
N
1-J
.,
PJ
(JQ
(D
.t=
---.j
02~0
t~;:;
r
0.59
where,
r
radius of the circular area.
b.
Fig. 3. Area of the foundation subface permissible for the position e , e of the force N resulting from total vertical
load. x
Y
In addition to stability against tilting, the soil pressure shall
be proved. If the soil- investigations do not provide other values
the permissible soil pressures may be taken from Table 12.
slabs
it
shall
be
shown
that
the
of
the
backfill
Hhere:
b
n
I.Jo
= 1
according to
This applies,
t
0o
As
a rule, the val~es
mentioned in Table 12 Columns 8, 9 and
10, apply to widths of the foundations between 1,5 m and 5,0 m in
case
of
foundation types U, A and S. Within the ranges assigned
to
the individual types of soil the lower values of
shall
be
taken
together with large foundation widths and the upper values
of
with small
foundat.ion
widths.
Values
in bet..Jeen may be
linearly interpolated.
0o
0o
Foundation type A
"concreted to undisturbed soil"
Foundation type S
"concreted to
shuttering"
leg member
leg member
leg member
"-.../
"--!
"--!
-r--"1
,-
-..!.
--*-'------'--!./
: :2::0,2 m
,
'
~--.,.---+,_-:.=---r--t
_..____
:e::s0,15b
e~0.1Sb
'
'-'
.A. '
~1.._:
I,
T
:-----,
... 17 ';'
. ...... .._ .._
.....II
~2 however<O
- .25m
;-----,
(0
----
'
'
:2::0,2m
bresp.d
Where:
=angle of earth frustum ace.
to Clauses 9.6.1.1,
9.6.2.1
and 9.6.3.1
e
natural soil
backfill
Fig. 4. Assumptions for design of stepped concrete foundations,
auger-bored and excavated foundations as well as
separate grillage foundations
dead
load
of
the
foundation
block and of the soil resting
vertically upcn the foundation base.
Vertical
dation.
component
of
the
The
ultimate
capacity
of
foundations against
uplift
is
essentially
governed
by
the compactness and the consistency of
the
surrounding
subsoil.
The
benefitial
results
of
an
intensive
artificial compaction
of
the
surrouna1ng
subsoil
(compaction
by vibration
process
or
similar methods) may be
taken into account.
The
virtual point of penetration of the leg member through the
foundation
subface may deviate from the centre of the foundation
subface at maximum by the amount specified in Fig. 4.
angle
of earth frustum
Where:
0o
b
t
Col-
0o
0o
0o
M~
~~c
: c au i :-: g
cases
M~
9.6.4 Pile
foundation~
G~:1eral
9.6.4.1
P;
!'"" ~ !:
1 A
~-
:J
increased by 10 %.
u l t : :-: ~
3u~scil
piles
should
be
loaded essentially in direction of
axes.
The transfer of the loading from the structure into
the
piles shall
be proved. Floating-pile foundations should be
avoided
as
far
as
possible.
They
may
be adopted if the resilient
layers at
increasing
depths are
progressively more
solid
i.e.
less
compressible, so that lesser settlements would
occu: than in the case of a wide shallow foundation.
th~i:
Within
a separated foundation, for the same static function (for
example, transfer of uplift or compression forces) piles shall be
used which by their method of installation, their arrangement and
their materials provide approximately the same performance in respect of deformation and settlement.
If
over
an extended area a loading (for example due to a fill)
acts
upon a soft layer of soil above good bearing subsoil in the
vicinity o:' a pile foundation, horizontal mo,cments of the so:'t
soil
can occur.
The piles, will then be additionally loaded by
bending.
Th~
theoretical
pile
working
loads
result
from
the
loads
to
Clause
8.2.
When rating the piles the effects of
buoyancy and
other
effects which reduce the stability shall be
considered.
In
case
of
foundations
loaded by compres~ion the
releasing effect of buoyancy may not be taken into account.
accordi~g
Th~
capacity
of
pile
groups
may
be determined by
the
strength capacities of the individual piles.
theoretical
determination
of
the ultimate tensile load of
may be carried out by means of skin friction. The values of
friction
must be deduced for the given soil conditions and
selected
type
of
pile
based
on
experience with
the
partic~lar
type
of soil. As an approximation, in case of layers
of soil with varying values of skin friction, the friction forces
~ay
be
determined
separately for each individual layer and the
ultimate
tensile
load
m.::>y
be
calculated
by
summating
the
individual
values.
For
this, the thicknesses of the layers and
~equence
of
layer~
as well
as the groundwater table shall be
considered.
Since for piles a wide scatter of the values of skin friction has
to be expected the theoretical proof of stability of a pile under
uplift
loading
shall be carried out for a stability factor of 2
against reaching the ultimate tensile load Q . When
carrying out
the proof by loading tests according to Claue 9.6.4.6 a stability factor of 1,5 will be sufficient.
The ultimate load is reached ~hen an uplift-tested pile is lifted
perceptibly
or
a compression-tested pile settles down perceptibly.
On the tension-versus-displacement curve or on the co~pres
sion-versus-settlement curve, the ultimate capacity is determined
by the
point where the flat gradient, after a
range of
loading
resulting in
progressively
increasing
displacements or settlements, passes into the steeply sloping leg.
For loads o.,rhich, according to Table 7, result from
loading
cas~s
angle to,1ers,
t1N
1 and MN
2 in case of
...
~:;e~
r~ti~~
cs~~ression-loaded
~~c:.
:r~ct~on aGo~ted
a: :~~ =~!~ ~oin: can
piles
a~ least those values of
for uplift-loaded piles and the resis:ar.ce
be taken into consideration.
9.6.4.6
Upli~t
piles
Depending on the type of pile,
on the subsoil,
on the method of
installation and
on
the
results of pile driving, uplift tests
shall
be
carried out on at least 5 % of the installed construction piles.
For
this,
the
load shall
be increased in incremental steps of
the
test
load
up
to
the uplift working load of the pile and,
after unloading,
a repeat
of this loadine up to 1,2 times the
uplift
working
load
(see
Fig.
5). At the incremental steps,
the
loads shall
be maintained
until
the
increase of uplift
displace~ent has settled,
in any case for at least 3 minutes.
I
/j
/i
I;
'y'
... - ---- --:-o I
Extrapolat1on
,
----------
- .-
I '
;/
cyde
I
cyde
I
I
Where:
Q
load ace.
on = 1,oso n
Working
tensile force
9.6.4.6,last sentence
Failing load
s
<:
( 1' 2)
~b(l,2)
Tension-versus-displacement
carried out on piles
last
to Clause 9.6.4.1,
curve
for
loading
Tr!.:.>ts of uplift
failing
load at test piles shall be carried out
according to Ditl 1054111.76, Appendix A.
Wi 1 t~ n
t c s t i n g p i 1 e s f o r u p 1 i f t t h e d i s t a n c e o f t h e c e n t r e s o f a c -
tion of the compression reaction may be kept small because of the
min0r
influence
on the result of the uplift. HoweJer, it should
b~
not less than 3 m and, due to the influence of the addition~!
lo3dings
exerted
by th~ test bridge, the uplift working load 0
:; h .1 l l be inc r cas c d by 5 % ( see Fig. 5 ) .
n
rating
and th~ evaluation of forces and bending moments and
installation
o~
foundation blocks shall be carried out according
to Dill 1045 if not stipulated other,;ise in the follo,;ing
clauses.
The
conc~ete for unreinforced foundations shall comply
at least ~ith the strength quality class B 10, and for reinforced
foundation blocks with class B 15.
~he
In
o:
the
ca~e
t~e
~inimu~
st~~~gt~
3Ur~~.
~ d ~ ~~ .
r~quire~ents
class
3et~een
according to
Table 13
Cep~nding
or.
the
of
the concrete and on the effective soil ~resthe schedul~d values ~t ~ay be !~nearly i~ter~o
100
I 200
I 300
I 400
8 10
1' l
1 '6
2,0
2,0
2,0
B 15
1,0
l '3
1' 6
1,8
2,0
!3 25
1,0
1,0
1 '2
1' 4
1' 6
B 35
1,0
1 '0
1,0
1 '2
1' 3
500
For
the
structural
design of
reinforced
cross-sections
DIN
10115 applies
to driven
in situ concrete piles, DIN
4026
to
prefabricated
reinforced
concrete
piles, DIN 4014 Part
1 and
Dlrl 4014
Par-t
2 to large bored piles and DIN 4123 to root-type
piles.
9.8.1.2 Embedment of steel members into the concrete by means of
anchoring elements
If
the
total
tensile
or compression load of steel members anchored
in concrete
is transferred
to
the
concrete by anchor
cleats,
anchor
plates, lugs or the like then it shall be proved
th~:
the compression stresses between the anchoring elements and
th(; cvncrete do not exceed the value of 0,7 * BR and the shearing
s~ress
in the contour surface of the anchoring elements does not
exceed
the
values in Table 14. If these values are exceeded the
resista~te against splitting tensile forces shall be proved.
Theoretical
values
of
concrete
strength
MN/m 2
MN/m 2
MN/m
4,9
Strenr;th
quality
cla:::s of
cone ret~
Permissible
compressive
stress
nR
!3 10
1,0
7' 0
B 15
1' 4
10, 5
7' 4
25
1,8
17,5
12,3
B 35
2,2
23,0
16' 1
It
the
:;tt:t::;)
T~bl0
:~ t
0 :
15.
r c :1 g t h qu.:llity
concrete
eLl~~>
Perr.1issible
bond stress
MN/m 2
8 10
0,4
3 15
0' 5
25
0, 6
B 35
0,7
Fer
~his,
it
r.1ust
be
ensured
that
the leg member stubs are
closel}
encased in concrete along their ~otal length. In case of
angle
sections
or channels
the analysis shall be based en the
perifery of the enclosed area, e.g. for
a single
angle section
~he leg lengths plus the hypotenuse.
To
improve
the anchoring
additional cleats or the like shall be provided at the leg mer.1ber
stubs close to the
foundation
subface, but
are not
considered
i:. ti':::! anal:,sis.
7he
s~resses
for
steel r.1embers in concrete ca:-1 te
:able 9. The bendi:Lg stress in welded
seams o: lu~s
cleats need not be demonstrated.
:a~e~
3n~
~er~issible
frc~
Table
9 and Clauses 8.4.2.4 and 8.4.2.5 apply to the permissible
stresses for steel piles.
In
case
of exceptional loading according to Clause 8.2.2 Clause
9.4.1 applies accordingly.
10. EARTHING
DIN VDE 0141 applies to earthing of overhead power lines.
11. CLEARANCES WITHIN THE OVERHEAD POWER LINE
kV
12
24
36
72,5
123
21.;5
420
T
'
c~rcui~s
on the same
J/' r~
Nominal voltage
Minimum clearance
un
SAM
kV
10
20
30
60
110
220
380
0,10
0,15
0,25
0,40
0,75
1, 55
2,70
wi~h
varying
operational voltages
s~ructures the more unfavourable value
run in parallel
shall be used.
tp
an;l~
,I
in
degrees
O'to
30'
?: 6 5 ' 1
for coefficient k
Coefficient k
Angle to vertical
axis within the
range
of
R<1:1t;e
.:3 ..; ~ !1
Value~
0,95
!I
30'toleo~o
8o'
I o,75
jgo
I
I
:
1
AAC
AAAC
ACSR
AACSR
35/6, 50/8
70/12
!o,7o
.I
I
55,1
65,0
ll
0,85
~0
0,70 !0,65
iI
0, 1 to
0,75
0,65
I0,62
'i5,0
<
44/32,50/30
95/15,120/20
125/30,150/25
95/55,105/75
120/70,170/40
1185/30,210/35
210/50,230/30
240/40,265/35
300/50,3051110
340/30,380/50
385/35,435155
4 5 0 I 4 0 , II 9 0 I 6 5
495/35,510/45
560/50,570/40
I
~~
0' 0
0,70
I 0,62 I,0,60
550/70,650/45
680/85,
10115/115
Copper
Bronze
35,5o,1o
I
I 95,120,1501
.I
185,240,
300
25,35
400,500,
I 625,800
50,70
95
I
I
1000
120,150
185,240
30 0' lj 00
500
~onductors
~wing
Supplement to Table 17
Rt:lative position
conductor "l"
IJ
30
t 0
. ''
:'
---~------
of conductor "2"
> 30'
to
eo
vi h ~ n deter min in g
the
c 1 ear an c e s accord i r. g to C 1 a \l :: c 11 . l . 1 the
higher
facto:
k
fro:::
Table 17 shall be applied In the case of
differint;
cross-sections
o:
materials,
c.nd thJ f'.!'Cate: sag in
cases where they vary.
In
addition to the distances for conductors in ntlll ai: according
to
Clause
11.1.1
the
clearances between !1\-lllng conductors
shall
also
be
investigated.
For
this, the wind load shall be
assumed
according
to
Clause
8.1.2.1.
I~
shall be shown that
wh i 1 s t d y n am i c wi n d pressures d i f f e ring by :: 0 % a r'IJ a c t in g or. t he
i nd i v i d ua l
c on duc t o r s ,
a
c 1 e o. r a n c e
no t
1es s
t tl ~ n
S A11
f r om
Table 16, shall be obtained with a minimum cf 0,2 m.
11.2 Clearances at the tower
11.2.1 Mutual clearances of live components
t
.;)AM'
ng
clcaro.nce
of the components
po s i t i o n
Fer
\~
this,
= cf . q
independently
of
the
span
length
the
formula
L in kN shall be adopted for the wind load.
r;, -(
0,75 m
1,80 m
Fo~
grou~d
surf:1ce
6 m
3
r:;
DIN
V~E
0210 Page 65
Clause 12
2,5 m
Clause 12
12.2.2 Clearance
line
between conductors
In case of conductors
When
evaluating
ercd:
the
which are
2,5 rn
in still air
clearances the
Clause 12
of the
evaluating
the
clearances
the
er~d:
Clause 4.3.1
Clause 8.1.2.1
Wind load
+40.C)
(conductors swung at
SA~'
Maximu~
Clause 8.1.2.1
sag of conductors
Ir.
case
of overhead
power lines with operating voltages above
123
kV running through forests the clearance according to Clause
12.2.2.2 should be adequately raised if an increased risk to conductor3
ar.d
supports
due to falling of trees has to be allowed
for.
13. CLEARANCES AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR LINE DESIGN IN THE PROXIMITY OF BUILDING INSTALLATIONS AND TRAFFIC ROUTES
13.l.Gcncral
T~1c
cle:1rances
specified for the different types of cro.::;sing of
in Clause 13 are shown in Table 18.
obj~c:s
For
of
and
approaches
to residential property or to
buildings,
general
methods
for establishing of the protuclive areas between the conductors in still air and under swing
conditions
and
the
nearest
part of the structure are given in
Fig. 6.
~ro.::;sing
ot~1er
following
conditions.
Th~
specifications
apply
The
extent
:~p.:1n
of
If
en additional overhead power line crosses with one or several
conductors
over
an
existing
power line at a crossing then the
same
measures
have to be adopted for that line which would have
been
necessary
in
case
of
direct crossing of each individual
in:::tallation.
Clearances
and line design shall be selected accordingly in case
of individual objects not mentioned in the following.
Th~
0,75 m
1,80 m
Approach
(Clause 13 2 2 l
_;
\j
3 0. ~ '
.J
increase
of
above 123 kV
Fig.
clearance
in
case
of
m~x.
operating
voltage~
6. Protective
~hen
in
area
between
the conductor in still air and
under ~ind and the nearest
of the building
of crossing of residential or other buildings
s~inging
ca~e
of the slope
be~~een
3 m
5 m
:~~~allations
J..J
8.1.2.1
load
(conductors
+40"C)
~lause
14.8
Clause
13.1
Increase
of clearances in case of
operation voltages above 123 kV
additional
of
the
overhead
line
Clause
14.2
Attachment
of
conductors to pintype insulators
Clau.se
14. 3
C~ause
14.4
Attachment
of
earth
wires and
telecommunication aerial cables
Clause
14.6
Clause
14.7
13.2.2 Approach
llorizo:-:tal clearance between the vertical axis at the
swung conductor and the nearest part of the building
If
this
clearance
is not
Clause 13.2.1 shall apply.
For
the
evaluation
considered:
of
the
3 m
the
following shall be
Clause
4.3.1
Clause
8.1.2.1
vii nd
load
+40"C)
Clause
13. l
Increase
of
clearance in case of
operating voltages above 123 kV
(conductors
swung at
13.3 Traffic
in~tallations
13.3.1 Crossing
13.3.1.1 Vertical clearance between ccnductors and parts of the
installation.
Vertical clearance between conductor
a~d
~onductor~
and
part~
of the
installation
Horizontal clearance bet,;een conductors and
the fixed components of a ropcway installation or
the components of an overhead tr2ction wire
~ystem of a railway
towers or support~ng and pulling ropes of a ropeway
installation
13.3.1.3 Cl0arances to
~ulti-track
ins:allations
In
ca3e
of
railway
lines
with
mc~e
than
t~o tracks and of
stations the clearances shall be deter=ined according to
Clauses
13.3.1.1
and
13.3.1.2
in
conformity
with the federal railway
administration
in
charge
if conversion
to
overhead electric
traction is planned.
t~
Clause 13.3.1.5.
~.3.1
Clacse
8.1.2.1
and 4.3.2
Maximu~
Hind
sag of conductors
load
(conductor
swung
a~
+40"C)
Cla,...:se
14.8
Sag
d~e
to
unequal
load o:" s;:ar.s
additior.a~
Increase
of
clearance for
ting ~o:~age above 123 kV
c~~r
ca~e of crossing of
overhead traction installation of a railway
t.!lc
swing
of conducto:"s at
+40
c due to \-lind load shall be
.1 ~~ s u r:1 e d
s i mu l tan eo us 1 y
with the sag a t - 5 C w i thou t add i t i on a 1
load
for
the
crossed
conductor~
of
the
overhead
traction
installation.
,111
In case of crossing of
supporting and pulling ropes of a ropeway installation
that
position
of the ropes of the ropeway installation shall be
assum~d
to be most unfavourable which can occur when the maximum
tensile stress is increased by 25 %.
When
evaluating
the
line
an-:1
a
ropeway
sidered:
horizontal
clearances between an overhead
installation
the
following shall be con-
towards
Deflection
of ropes of the ropeway installation throuEh an
angle
of
45 towards the earthed component~ of the overhe01d line.
t 3 . 3 . 1 5 0 v e r head
Ht: :
1 i n e des i in
Attachment
of
type insulators
Clause 1 IL 3
Attachment of conductors
ple insulator sets
Clause 14. 4
Attachment
of
earth
telecommunication aerial
give~
conductor~
t,,
to
to:
pin-
r::t:lti-
and
c~bl~~
Clause 14.5
Clause 14. 6
Transformer
poles
Clause 1 4. 7
Clause l 4. 9
Clearance
between
conductors
case of unequal iceload
Clause 14.10
Clearance
between the
conductors
in case of failing of an insulator
string
on
statior.s
cro~s
in
l3.3.2.Approach
13.3.:'.1
Horizontal
clearance between conductors and components
of the installation
~=rt~
n:al
,j
r.
2 :
clearance
cor. c! u c tor an d
between
1,5 m
5 m
1,5
r.:
Clau~e
Maximum sag of
Cla1Jse 8.1.2.1
Cla~se
13.3.2.1 the
con~uctor~
Clause 13.1
For
a~sumed
rou~es
nJarr~st
5 m
15
r.:
13.3.3 Undcrcrossings
V~rtical clearance between conductors and the components
of a ropeway installation
Sag at -20
without
iceload
Clause 13.1
:cr the
rope~ay
T~e
15
~
5 m
~~~e
c,.:o:.,~
Increase of
clea~ance in ca~~ of
operating voltages above 123 ~V
installation:
cu~v~
o:
c:as!;ir:~
Overhead
power circuits with
shall
be
arranged
below
the
above 1 kV.
2 m
Clause
14. 8
Clause
13.1
Increase of clearance
in case of
operating voltages above 123 kV
Clause
8.1.2.1
Wind
load
(conductors
swung at
+40"C).
This
applies also to the
undercrossing line.
additional
there shall be
considered:
Clause 14.2
Attachment
of
conductors to pintype insulators
Clause 14.3
Clause 14.4
Attachment
of
earth
wires and
telecommunication aerial
cables
Clause 14.5
Clause 14.6
Transformer
poles
Clause 14.7
Clause 1 4. 9
Clearance
between
the conductors
in case of unequal additional load
stations
mounted
on
13.11.1.4 Horizontal
lines
Clearance
between
the conductors
in case of failing of an insulater
string
cl~arance
teleco~munication
1,5 m
betwe~n
the
other
th3n 2 m.
shall
When
con~idered:
Clause 14.6
Transformer
poles
Clause 14.7
stations
mounted
on
Ovarhcad
tel8communication
line~,
including bare wires of utility-owned
service
telecommunication
lines shall
be arranged
below the overhead power circuits and shall be protected at their
supports by means of guard wires.
Thi~
does not apply to insulated telecommunication
arc referred to as conductors.
For
cabl~s,
which
the
In
all
other cases Clause 13.4.1 applies to the clearances between the conductors of the overhead power circuits and the telecommunication
line or the service telecommunication line as well
as :o the overhead line design.
'
5 AM
but not less
than 0,5 n
Page
74
D!tl
VDE 0210
13 .4.3-3 Approach
to
overhead
telecommunication
lines and
to
poles,
where
the
overhead
telecommunication
line is
connected to underground cables
is
2 m
Clause 4. 3. 1
Clause 8.1.2.1
Clause 1 3. 1
far
N0.
fcotba~l
tie::;,
13.5.1 Cro!lsing
13.5.1.1 Vertical clearance between conductors and sport grounds
~~r~ical
g~neral
sport
~h~
highest
~he
agreed
are~s
~ater
hei~ht
8 m
10 n
3 m
clearance
conductors
5 m
and prot-::-::tive
3 m
fences
1 3 . 5 . 1 . 11 Eva 1 u a t i on of c 1 ear an c e s
Wh~n
~h.:1ll
Cl.:1use
Wind
load
+40.C)
8.1.2.1
(conductors
swung
at
C l .:1 u s e 1 I; 8
Cl.J.USC 13.1
Attachment of
conductors to pintype insulators
Cl.J.use 14.3
Clause 14.6
Transformers
poles
stations
mounted on
13.5.2 Approach
13.5.2.1 Clearance
lation
Hor~=cntal
~~
0f
between
conductor
and
pa~ts
of the
in~tal-
Table 18. Clearances of overhead power lines with voltages above 1 kV in the proximity of buildinc installation~,
traffic facilitie~, transmission lines, playgrounds, sports grounds and recreational areas
--o
.,.,
c:l
('0
Inst<ll-
Cros ~; i nr,
Conditions for
f1pproach <:md runr1 inr, in
evaluation\ line par-allel
of clearde- \
anr:e:.>
1 si~n
lation
crossed by
the line
Residential
proper ties
and other
buildings
::: 15
other roofing
for antennas and light-
~ng
Traffic
installations
protective devices
m
12 m
13.1
Conditions for
evaluation line
of cleardeances
\ sir;n
l
I
14.3
14.4
111.6
<
11.3 .l
Clearance between the vertical
axis thr~ur;h the deflected con- 8.1.2.1
ductor 2nd the nearest part of
13.1
the building
3 m
~-----------------------+
0
["11
0
N
1-J
I--~
11.3 .l
Clearance between the vertical
axis through the deflected
8.1.2.1
14.4 conductor and
13.1
111.5 the height gauge of a track or
14.6 of components of an overhead
14.7 traction system
1,5 m
5 m
14.9 components of a ropeway
111.10 the edge of a motorway, classified roads or waterway
1,5 m
111.2
14.3
8.1.2.1
111.8
13.1
14.7
4.3.1 and
II. 3. 2
"'0
lll. 2
3 m1
--l
Cc;~,lir.ued
1 in t:
in:.; tal-
l a lions
Crossi ng
----1---
Playg r'ounds ,
:.;po r'l s
g r'CJunds
cH'(!<.tS
Conditions for
evaluation line
of cleardertnces
si~n
11.3.1 C~nd
1L3.2
111. 8
13.1
for the
under-
crossed
l inc:
18.1.2.1
I ,
I
I
Cor~mon
:.;tructures:
14.3 Cleara:' e between conductor of
111.4 circuiLs arranged one above the
14.5 other ace. to Clausell, but
14.6 not less than 2m
ll. 3. l
1 lll. 7 Separate structures:
111.9 Clearance ace. to Clause ll in
8.1.2.1
lll.lOI cz.:sc of to11ers spotted Ztl 3pproximately equal interv::Jls
Clearances between the conductors and the components of another line if the towers are not
spotted at equal intervals:
SAH ace. to Table 16, but not
less than 0,5 m
Clearance between the vertical I 13.1
axis through the deflected conductor and components of telec omrnu n i cation l in e or of tm:e r
\lith underground connection 2 m
111.2
--
lll. 2
l !J. 3
lll. lj
3.2
b.l.2.l
Ill,
13.1
l 11. 6
lll. 6
14.7
!-----1
11.3.1 and
li,
Conditions for
evaluation\ line
of cleardeances
sign
lj.
3. l
8.1.2.1
13.1
t::l
H
<
t::l
tr1
0
1\)
......
0
"'0
QJ
(lQ
(';)
-.l
-.l
is
13.5.2.2 Evaluation of
not
clea~ances
Wh~~
evaluating
the clea~ances according to Clause 13.5.2.1 the
fo!!owinG ~hell be considered:
Clause
~.3.1
Clause 8.1.2.1
(conductors
swung
at
+40"C)
Increase of
clearance in case of
operating voltages above 123 kV
Clause 13.1
1~.
1 11 . 1 Gc n c r a 1
Clause
13 stipulates which of the following special specificaticns shall be met in the relevant individual case.
111. 2 At tachrnen t of conductors to pi n-typc insula tor!3
straight line sections the conductor shall be additionally
!'a:.;:encd
by an auxiliary rope to a second insulator of the same
typ~ which is arranged transversely to the line direction.
Wit~in
In
cas~
of wood poles in a straight line section, equipped with
in:;ulator
pins
which are
not
earthed, the attachment with an
auxiliary rope to just one insulator is also permitted.
T!l-:
ttl::
tal~
fore~
auxiliary
rope shall always consist of the same material as
conductor,
shall have the same cross-section and shall susthe
cor.ductor with
at
least its maximum working tensile
on both sides of the insulator.
or
termination of conductors shall be carried out by
insulator
sets
in which
the number of the insulator
str~ngs
shall
be at least the same as generally in the overhead
po~er
line. :he multiple insulator sets shall be rated according
to Clause 6.1.2.4.
mul:iple
telecommunication
aerial
cables
need
not be
~oa~
:~all not
be
used
for crossings of motorways, of
of
railways for public traffic with or without overh~~= :~a~:io~ systems and of ropeway installations.
pole=
wa:~~~ay~,
Tran~former
crossing switches
and transformers shall only be inWithin
a
stalled or. supports if they are designed as anchor poles.
14.7
Relea~e
c~oss
in between conductors
additional load
in case of unequal
In
this
case a clearance of S ~ according
to Table 16 but not
th3n
0,2
m shall exis~ 1 between
the
conductors of the
overhead line.
111 . 1 0 C 1 c a r a n c e
in case of failure of an
In
case
of
failure of a string of a multiple insulator set the
clearance between the conductors in the crossing span shall be at
least
SAM according ~o Table 16, but at less than 0,2 m. In this
~ose the sags at -20
C shall be taken into account.
APPENDIX A
GALVANIZING OF TOWERS AND OTHER COMPONENTS
?or gal~anizing
::::I:: 50 9 7 6
5o 9 7 8
Dill 267,
Part lG
Deli~ery,
Hot Dip
Galvani~ed
zinc
coating shall be continuous. Zinc beards and residuals
ash
as
well as zinc accumulations in the area of the joints
shall be removed without damaging the zinc layer.
of
The
oth~r
Suitable
remedies should be taken against the formation of white
r ll :; t
t h e t y p e an d ex t e n t o f wh i c h ma y be a g r e e d u p o n be t wee n t h e
involved parties.
If the corrosion protection of components made of steel is exceptionally
carried
out
by thermal spraying of zinc the following
.1pplics:
DIN 4B 203
Part ll
DIN 48 203
Pa~t 12
l5!.;B
A.3 Caps for overhead line insulators and fittings for overhead
linez
Fittings for Overhead Lines
Hot Galvanization
a~d
Switchgear;
D Itl
P3rt 1
DIt I 2 6 7
Fasten~rs;
D I: I 2 6 7
?art 10
10 52
D HI
Timber
Str~ctures,
Design and
Part 1
(dr::lft)
DIN 1054
DIN 1055
Part l
DtN
r . r
1055
2
t.
DIN 1055
Part 3
Design LoaGs
DIN 1055
Part 11
DIN 1055
P .:1 r
DIN 1548
Sno~
Din
1692
Properties.
D Ul 16):;
1
DIN 1705
? .:-. r ':.
DI:I
1714
Ccpper-Alu~inium
(Cast
)T'!
-
J:~:
?~~-=-
~
-
~?:;
'
._
..,1
: ~2':
~
~lu~inium
Unalloyed and
Casting Alloys
Bronze); Castings.
Alu~~niu~
~:~~inium
~lloys;
3 o51
P<1rt 4
Dill 11014
Part 1
D I tl
II 0 11l
Part 2
DIN 4022
Part 1
Ditl
4026
Dltl
IJQ91i
Sub~oil;
l'clrt
D I rl 11 0 9 11
i' ;1 r t 2
DIN 11 l 0 2
: :1 r t
1
i)
~;
nr N
lj
l l
11 1 111
Part 1
D I r~ l! 1 111
I' ;1 r t 2
DI
ri
11
12 3
DIN 6914
A 1 u m i n i u m i n B u i l d i n g Co n ::; t r u c t i o n , D i r c: c t i o n ~ f o r
Calculation and Design of Aluminium Buildinc
Cor:1ponent::;.
si
n; ) ;
tI e t h o d o f
Ca l c u l a t i o n ,
Overturninr,,
D i r e c t i on s .
Hig~-Tensile
D Ul
7 96 8
with Hexagon
D!11 7990
D PI 8 56 5
DI 11 17 10 0
::I:l
17200
J: :: l 7 6 6 6
Te~pering;
Technical
18196
DIU
DI~~ l 8 8 0 0
? :J r t
DI~~ 18 8 0 0
?.Jrt 7
DIN 13801
DIN 18808
D I t1
4 8 0 Ll 4
Verification of
DIN 48?.00
Part l
DI ;1
ll
32 0 0
Copper
Wire~
?art 2
Dt
~~
48200
?a:-t 3
Din 482oo
Part 5
) I tl
482 00
Part 6
DIN 48200
Part 7
Dill 48200
?art 8
DI :1 4 S 2 0 l
Part l
D I~~
4820 ~
Part 2
D I ~I
48 20 l
?art 3
Ditl 482C2..
5
?art
::~;
?3.~:
) : ~!
? a:--':
:.s2c:.
.:_
~ .~.: ~ ;_
~
hl~~ir.:~~
Stranded Conductors.
Clad Steel Stranded Conductors.
orr:
IJ8203
Part 1
Part
48203
2
DI :J
4 82 0 3
S t e e 1 \~ i r e s an d S : e e 1 S t r a n d e d Co n d u c t o r s ;
Technical Delivery Conditions.
DI!i
Pa:--t
D!tl
48203
F-'<1rt
o:r:
L;82G3
r:::. r
e o3
ll : r: 11 2
f'art 7
Dlt! 118203
P.::.rt 8
[) I ! :
II
e2 0 !J
[;
: ;:
I;
8 20 6
!)
!:
lj
P, 3 311
o:n
lj8
3 50
~u~plcmcnt
t~
ur !J
DIN
A-Masts,
Main Dimensions.
48351
4 3s1
P.::!"t l
DI!l 4 8 ~ 5 l
A- 11 a s t s , Bo 1 t e s , Nu t s , Wa s h e r s .
Part 2
DI1!
50049
D! :; 50 97 6
LI:; 50978
DI:J '/GE
0103
M~chanical
D I~~ 1/ DE
0105
?art l
01:1 VDE
0 lll
?:Jr': l
DI~~
VD2
0 lll
P Clr"
t,
Dltl VDE
0 lll l
!:Jir!
'/DE
fittings
50
DI:J VDS
0212
P.1rt 51
:H :1 1J DE
0212
!'.:>rt 52
1/DE
L'It!
0?.~.?
p ;1 r t
)212
?art 53
DI:J VDE
0212
?art 54
D 1 ::
'l DS
? z, r .
:._
"""'-
-: ? :
J--
...1
. ; -,-:
~---
DUJ V DE
4l
Q I;
?art 2
D!:l
'.'DS
? a:-- t
c lj !l (j
r r:
o:::
'J
Selfsupportin~
:) p, l
~,
. ,... .......
i;.:;r)uct icn
009
';cchnica.l
?:corr.m_! :1d~ ~) 0n
:; (i
j
Further documents
l
f: i e B1 i n g , F
Frcileitungen und Umwelt
Slektrizitatswirtschaft, Vol. 80 (1981),
p. 681 to 683
- f: i c B l in g, F , Ne f z g e r , P
2 I
4 I
_,I
T-----.J:.:a.::--:a~le
I
~!"or.::
:~~:~c~e~
? 0 ~~~~~~~technische Zentrale,
Darmstadt
6 I
71
9 I
10 I
l 1 I
Schulte, G.
Tiefgrundungen im Freileitungs- und Umspannanlagenbau und
deren Bemessung
Sonderdruck - Lehrstuhl und Prufamt fur Grundbau und
Bodenmechanik, Technische Universitat Munchen (1979)
Alt, K., Muller, A., Lackner, F.
Pfahlgrundungen im Freileitungsbau
Elektrizitatswirtschaft, Vol. 77 (1978), p. 669 to 672
Schmidt , B.
Pfahlsysteme im Freileitungsbau und ihr Sicherheitsnachwe is
T e c h n . Mi t t e i 1 u n g e n AE G- T e 1 e f u n k e n ( 1 9 8 2 ) , p . 1 8 t o 2 11
Previous editions
VDE 0210: 07.03; 01.08; 01.14; 07.21; 10.23; 01.30; 02.58; 05.69
Amendments
Compared with the edition May 1969 the following has been
amended:
Contents completely revised; refer to comments.
revising
the
standa~d the previous sectioning into topics
retained.
The
denotations
of
the
topics
were completed
~ccording to the contents.
Where ever possible reference was ~ade
to
current
DIN standards
in order to limit the v0lume and to
avoid repetition.
~as
Clau~c
2: Definitions
definitions
Thr::
T~rm:;
Here
of
included
port:.
These
were
neHly
incorporated in Clause 2.2 for towers
~nd
in
Clause
2.3
for foundations. The functions of the indi;idu::~
Lr,
Clau:~e 2.4 the term "breaking force'! was replaced by "failing
:or c _:"
and the terms
"tens i 1 e stress 11 ,
"conductor t c mp c rat u r e 11
:1 n d "u n i t we i g h t force r e 1 ate d the c r o 3 s sec t i on"
were added . In
c l:1 u :; e :-; 2 . 5 11 in:> u 1 at or s 11 and 2 6 11 f i t t in g s 11 the terms a 1 ready
<! 1; f i r. e d
i n
o the r DIN s tan dar d s were c i t e d or r e f e r en c e was ma d e
to
them. Those terms additionally used within this standard were
ex~laincd. Also the terms concerning the layout of overhead power
l i r: e ~ a c c o r d i n g to C1 au s e 2 . 7 we r e c o mp 1 e t e d .
Clau~c
3: General requirements
Th~
A~
4: Conductors
the
thermal rating of conductors shall be carried out
permanent
electrical
load
current as well as for the
~h~rt
circ~it
loading. The relevant DIN standards and standards
lndicated
as
VDE Specifications
form the basis. Investigations
carried out
with varying conductors demonstrate that unlike DIN
~~E
0103
the maximum temperature of the va~ying conductors must
te l!~!ted to the values stated in Table 1 in order to ensure the
~e~~a~ical strength of the conductors.
for
ever,
the
;:: !"' ~ :
u s 1 'j
to
the
~:~axir.~um
wo~king
c
c
c
4.1.2.2
the permissible long-term tensile
Clause
exceeded
at the support positions of the
not
be
Tile
first of the mentioned requirements represents an adjustment
of
the
specifications to the current practice. This requirement
wa~
in
force
only for crossings up to now. Therefore, an additional
specification
for crossings could be o~itted. The second
specification
complies with
the
former rule not to exceed the
permissible
long-term
tensile
stress
in case
of higher
additional
loads
than
the regular
ones
in sections without
crossings.
The
third
requirement
was
forced
by
the
establishment of the loading in case of wind action on conductors
with additional load.
Investigations
and
operational
experience [2] demonstrate that
the
stres8
of
conductors due
to
aeolian vibration
is
not
determined
by
the
everyday stress to such an extent that just
only
one
limiti~g
figure of the everyday stress decides on the
hazard
due
to vibration. In contrast to that, a great nur.Jber of
factors
i~
involved.
Table
1 of
VDE 0210/05.69 contained in
Columns
4 and
6 limits
for
the
everyday stress,
when not
exceeding those values
no protective measures against vibrations
would
have
been
provided.
Such
a
statement
is no
longer
retained
in
t~e ne~ specifications.
The
values
specified
in
Table
3
Colur.1n
7,
represent
directives
which if taken into
cc~sideraticn
will
avoid damage
due
to aeolian vibration by
approp~iate
measures even in topographically unfavourable areas.
The
values,
there~ore,
are
independent
of
the
diameter
of
con~~c:c~s
and
of
the span lengths.
4.1.2.~
The
sa~e
values
as
for
cables
of reinforcement.
telecc~~unication
~~ter:al
apply to metal-reinforced
conductors
their
design
and
the
considering
This
requirement
was
newly
incorporated.
After detailed disspecifications
for
metal-free aerial cables (optical
fibr~
cables) were not incorporated, since not enough long-term
~xperience
was available
to specify minimum requirements. Such
conductors should be developed under the direct responsibility of
the o~ners taking appropriate care of this standard.
cussio~,
The
specificatons
for
the
design
of
conductors according to
Clause
4.2 and for the minimum cross sections were retained" substantially
unchanged
and were supplemented by the DIN nomenclature.
For AACSR (Aldrey/steel) and for copper wrougth alloys according
to DIN 48 201 Part 2 (bronze) the minimum cross sections
~~re raised to 35/6 mm 2 and 25 mm 2 , respectively .
.Jubcl2.use
4.3.2
of
Clause
4.3 "Sag" was changed. For overhead
nowcr
lines
w~ich
are
loaded by high currents also during the
sum~0r
season
the actual conductor temperature according to the
! ;.: p '! c t c: d c u r r e n t b u t
n o 1 on g e r + 6 0 C i n a 1 1 c a s e s s h a 1 1 b e t a k e n
into
account when evaluating the sags. The limiting maximum conductor
steady state
temperature
as
specified by relevant DIN
~; t <1 n rj 2 r d s , h o we v e r , s h a 1 1 i n n o c a s e 'b e e x c e e d e d .
F.xtonsive
investigations
carried
out during the last years [3]
demonstrate
that the factual situation alleged in VDE 0210/05.69
whtch said that the permanent elongations of the conductors would
not
anymore increase after a period of two years after installation
~as
not correct.
On
the
contrary,
the conductors will
elongate
during their total service live. Due to the importance
of this fact for maintaining the clearances, a special referrence
was made in Clause 4.3.4.
Clause 5: Conductor accessories
The
working
group "Insulators, Conductors, Fittings" treated in
detail
the question whether the ratio of the sustaining force of
ter~ir.2l cla~ps and tension proof conductor joints to the maximum
ten~il~ working force or to the minimum failing load of the
conjucto~s should
be changed. The result was that the former specification~ satisfied the requirements.
Clause 6: Insulators
7h~
c:ause
~as
completely revised to adjust the specifications
:c the ~~!rent standards for insulators.
-~.
6.1.1
"Electric
rating", in accordance with DIN VDE
l ar.d Part 2 reference was made to the responsibility
.:-.. , .-:~::.::;:.:-:stipulating the insulaticr. level.
-;~-
. .1:..se
~~~:
t h e a p pr o ve d r a t i ng f a c t o r s
addition,
limitati~n
of occuring dynamic forces and moment~
required in order to ensure that the failure of an insulator
string would not cause the failure of the total insulator set.
In
wa~
Inv~stigations
carried
out on double suspension and double tension
insulator
set3
demonstrated that in case of failure of an
insulator
string the dynamic stresses in the remaining insulator
string
must
be deliberately
analysed [4]. These deliberations
apply
equivalently
to
accessories for insulator sets and other
conductor attachments.
Clause
7:
Acce:Jsories
attachment!l
for
insulator
This
clause was adjusted to new standards, for example DIN VDE
0212
P1.1 t
50,
Part
53
and Part 54 and rearra;1ged. ln Table 4
additional
materials for accessories of insulator sets and other
conductor attachments were
integrated,
and
the corresponding
rating
factors were given. When installing turnbuckles attention
shall
be
paid
to
ensure
that
their thread bolts will not be
3tressed by bending.
Clause 8: Towers
The clause was provided with a new structure together with interheadings
which
should
assist
in
finding
particular
topics.
m~diate
Specifications for
poles
made or solid walls were newly incorporated.
Standards for design and manufacture of reinforced concrete
poles are under consideration at present. Independently of
them this standard applies to the requirements for external loads
of overhead lines.
The
demage
which
occurred on transmission lines due to extreme
iceloads on the conductors some years ago resulted in discussions
also
in
public
[5].
The working
group "Statical Analysis of
Structurez"
inJe::;tigated
the
damage
experienced
and the root
causes
in
ord~r
to
gain indications for revising the specifi~3:ions.
The analysis
led
to
the
result
that
the extreme
additional
loads
experienced
represented
locally
limited
event::;
Which
did
not
necessitate an
increase
of minimum
~d~itional loads in general.
loading
cases
for the tower bodies were clearly gr6uped in
Ta~le
7 so that loading cases with the same physical basis were
given
the
same designation for all tower types wh~reby the separ~tion
into normal loading cases and exceptional loading cases
was
maintained .. Loading cases for tower bodies under normal loading were designated by MN, under exceptional loading by MA. Some
new aspects
resulted for the applications of and assumptions in
individual loading cases.
For
suspension
towers the loading case "Quartering wind action"
case
MN
4 according to Table 7) applies independently
of the tower height. The former limitation on towers with heights
of more than 60 m was cancelled since it could not be physically
validi.lted.
(lo~~ing
The
former
loading case
was omitted, since it was dispensible
due to the new loading case MA 2.
The loadinc; case "Wind on conductors rith ice" (loading case MtJ 5
a~cording
to Table 7) was newly introduced. Wind may act also on
conductors
with
ice. The loading case, therefore, takes care of
physical
facts.
Damage
of overhead lines with ice accretion on
the
conductors showed that the additional wind effects, thereby,
played an important role.
The exceptional loading case MA 1 qonsiders the torsional loading
of
towers.
For this loading case the assumptions for the reduction of conductor tensile forces in case of suspension and angle
suspension towers were newly established (see Clause 8.2.2.2). In
case of bundled conductors the reduction amounted formerly always
to 25 %.
This
reduction
applies according to the new edition
on!y
for
insulator
sets with a length of more than 2,5 m, For
shorter
lengths
of
insulator sets a reduction of 35 % shall be
cor.sidered.
The
reduction
of
the
conductor
tensile
force of earth wires
generally to 65 % instead of the previous 50 %.
anou~ts
Due
to local characteristics considerable differences concerning
the
ice
accretion
on
conductors in adjacent spans and also in
adjacent
line
sections
may occur. The newly introduced exceptional
loading
case MA 2 "unbalanced tensile forces at all conductors
of a
tower"
(see
Clause
8.2.2.2)
takes care of the
effects
of unequal
ice accretion
on all conductors. For suspension
and
angle
suspension
towers
the differential tensile
forces
to
be assumed
in this loading case are stipulated depending
on
the
length
of
the insulator sets in order to take
their
influence
into account.
This
new
loading case effects
especially the design of towers with circuits installed initially
only on one side of a tower.
The
loading
cases to be assumed for the rating of crossarms and
earth wire peaks (see Clause 8.3) are
systematically grouped in
Table
8 analogously to the loading cases for the tower bodies.
Loading
cases
for crossarms and earth wire peaks are
nominated
as QN for normal loading, and by QA for exceptional loading.
Also the specifications for lattice steel towers (see Clause 8.4)
amended
in
some
items.
The
permissible stresses
(see
T~ble
9)
are
adjusted to the technical development and to the
current
DIN standards.
In
future
bolts of the quality 4.6 instead of 3.6 will be used. The shearing and bearing stresses permissible
for
joints
with
standard bolts
are modified accordingly;
additionally,
in
Table
9 permissible stresses for high
strength
bolts
of shearing/bearing connections are integrated.
The Omega-method for the rating of members under compression was
retained.
The
former
Table
6 showing the data of relevant
cross-sections
for
the
varying
loading
types was omitted.
As
far
as
deviations from practice adopted generally for steel
structures
are
accepted
for
overhead
line towers, these
are
mentioned
in
the
relevant
clauses
(see
for
example
Clause
8.4.2.6). Si~ce slenderness ratios greater than 250 are also permitted
for compression members of lattice steel towers a formula
for the corresponding Omega-factors is given.
~re
.3 p ~ c i : i c a t i o n s
concerning
towers
~ere
i~corporated
L:ability Insurance.
Claus~
t !1 e
e.1o
P~'Jtection
proof
of stability
of
raft-type
slab foundations can be
out
according
to
the
conditions
of
concrete
slab
~oundations.
hdditionally,
the
loading
of
the members buried
under earth by overburden was mentioned.
carri~d
~it~out
goi~g
~ed~ent
and
~er.::o:.ec
loading
cases
for the tower bodies were clearly gr6uped in
Ta~le
7 so that loading cases with the same physical basis were
given
the
same designation for all tower types wh~reby the separ~tion
into normal loading cases and exceptional loading cases
was
maintained .. Loading cases for tower bodies under normal loading were designated by MN, under exceptional loading by MA. Some
new aspects
resulted for the applications of and assumptions in
individual loading cases.
For
suspension
towers the loading case "Quartering wind action"
case
MN
4 according to Table 7) applies independently
of the tower height. The former limitation on towers with heights
of more than 60 m was cancelled since it could not be physically
validi.lted.
(lo~~ing
The
former
loading case
was omitted, since it was dispensible
due to the new loading case MA 2.
The loadinc; case "Wind on conductors rith ice" (loading case MtJ 5
a~cording
to Table 7) was newly introduced. Wind may act also on
conductors
with
ice. The loading case, therefore, takes care of
physical
facts.
Damage
of overhead lines with ice accretion on
the
conductors showed that the additional wind effects, thereby,
played an important role.
The exceptional loading case MA 1 qonsiders the torsional loading
of
towers.
For this loading case the assumptions for the reduction of conductor tensile forces in case of suspension and angle
suspension towers were newly established (see Clause 8.2.2.2). In
case of bundled conductors the reduction amounted formerly always
to 25 %.
This
reduction
applies according to the new edition
on!y
for
insulator
sets with a length of more than 2,5 m, For
shorter
lengths
of
insulator sets a reduction of 35 % shall be
cor.sidered.
The
reduction
of
the
conductor
tensile
force of earth wires
generally to 65 % instead of the previous 50 %.
anou~ts
Due
to local characteristics considerable differences concerning
the
ice
accretion
on
conductors in adjacent spans and also in
adjacent
line
sections
may occur. The newly introduced exceptional
loading
case MA 2 "unbalanced tensile forces at all conductors
of a
tower"
(see
Clause
8.2.2.2)
takes care of the
effects
of unequal
ice accretion
on all conductors. For suspension
and
angle
suspension
towers
the differential tensile
forces
to
be assumed
in this loading case are stipulated depending
on
the
length
of
the insulator sets in order to take
their
influence
into account.
This
new
loading case effects
especially the design of towers with circuits installed initially
only on one side of a tower.
The
loading
cases to be assumed for the rating of crossarms and
earth wire peaks (see Clause 8.3) are
systematically grouped in
Table
8 analogously to the loading cases for the tower bodies.
Loading
cases
for crossarms and earth wire peaks are
nominated
as QN for normal loading, and by QA for exceptional loading.
Also the specifications for lattice steel towers (see Clause 8.4)
amended
in
some
items.
The
permissible stresses
(see
T~ble
9)
are
adjusted to the technical development and to the
current
DIN standards.
In
future
bolts of the quality 4.6 instead of 3.6 will be used. The shearing and bearing stresses permissible
for
joints
with
standard bolts
are modified accordingly;
additionally,
in
Table
9 permissible stresses for high
strength
bolts
of shearing/bearing connections are integrated.
The Omega-method for the rating of members under compression was
retained.
The
former
Table
6 showing the data of relevant
cross-sections
for
the
varying
loading
types was omitted.
As
far
as
deviations from practice adopted generally for steel
structures
are
accepted
for
overhead
line towers, these
are
mentioned
in
the
relevant
clauses
(see
for
example
Clause
8.4.2.6). Si~ce slenderness ratios greater than 250 are also permitted
for compression members of lattice steel towers a formula
for the corresponding Omega-factors is given.
~re
.3 p ~ c i : i c a t i o n s
concerning
towers
~ere
i~corporated
L:ability Insurance.
Claus~
t !1 e
e.1o
P~'Jtection
proof
of stability
of
raft-type
slab foundations can be
out
according
to
the
conditions
of
concrete
slab
~oundations.
hdditionally,
the
loading
of
the members buried
under earth by overburden was mentioned.
carri~d
~it~out
goi~g
~ed~ent
and
~er.::o:.ec
\vhere:
angle of earth frustum
I?>
= 1
..; i d th of foundation at
The
value
B0 depends on the type of soil, the type of installation
of
the
foundation
(foundation
type
U,
lowermost
step
undercut,
foundation
type
A,
lowermost
step concreted to the
undisturbed
soil,
foundation typeS lowermost step concreted to
the
shuttering)
and
the dimensions of the foundation. Table 12
contains
relevant data for B . This analytical relation replaced
the
diagrams
previously useg for the determination of the angle
of earth frustum. The values e were gained from experience, from
tests
and
from
former
re?erences aiming at a systematic
graduation.
Assumptions
for
design,
conditions
for
the stability
and
of augered and excavated foundations (see Clauses 9.6.2.1
to
9.6.2.4)
were newly integrated since this type of foundation
lainec
increasing importance and could no longer be treated as a
special foundation. The proof of stability against uplift loading
i3
carried
out,
thereby,
by
the same approach as for stepped
:'o.J:-:C:ations.
The
values
B
are
adjusted
to
this
type
a:
: ') ~ :-- .::i:::. t :. on .
r o r the de term 01 nat ion of the v a 1 u e s B0 ,..-eta 1. -1 e d
~uicance ~as
given.
d~sign
9. 6. 4 6) .
methods
of
proving
the
Differing conditions
apply
to
both
strength.
Uplift tests carried out on construction piles at best
ensure
the
reliability necessary for overhead lines. Such tests
shall
b~
car~ied
out
at
least
at
5 % of the installed con5truction
p11es.
Thereby, a loading up to 1,2 tim~s the workinc
t <: n s i l (;
l cad
suf f i c es
i f
t he d i s p 1 a c e me n t s r ~ c o g n i s e d t h e r e b y
stay
~~thin permissible li~it~ and permi~ tne 8Xtrapclation to a
ultim~te tensile lo&d which corresponds 2t least to 1,5 times the
workin~ tensile load.
The
distance
between
the centres of g~avity of the compression
r(;action
of
the used
te3ting set-up shall not fall below 3 m.
lt 1 s iufluence on the results of the test was taken care of by an
increase of the working tensile loads by 5 %.
The Cla'Jse 9.8 11 Design and construction of foundations" had to be
drafted
anew,
in
respect
of
non-reinforced and
reinforced
concrete
in
accordance
with
the modifications
in
DIN 1045.
The
new classification
of concrete
strength was
observed.
Values for
the
ratio
of the height
of
the
step to the width
of
the
projection
depending on the
quality of concrete and on
the soil pressure are stipulated in Table 13 for
non-reinforced
concrete foundations.
:or
the
anchoring of
structural
steel
stresses are given in Tables 14 and 15.
Clause 10: Earthing
Reference is made to DIN VDE 0141.
members
permissible
Clau~e
In
Table 16 just one value SA~ (voltage dependent minimum value)
measured i:: r:1 is assigned to t:he
standardised maximum operating
or rated voltages, respectively, which is
necessary for the stipulation
of
the
clearances
in Clauses
11 to 14. The value
S~~
complies
with
the figure UN/150 used in VDE 0210/5.69. The
v~Iues for the maximum operating voltages 245 kV
and 420 kV wer~
adjusted
to
Ditl VDE 0111 Part
3 (Tables 16 and 17) and
clearances
were
increased
from
1,5 to 1,55 m and from 2,55 to
2,70 m, r~spectively.
rearranged.
Table
coeffcient
17 "Values
for
k" Has
confir;uration of the table
is based en the swing angle of
conductors a3 the
factor.
deciding
The
~h
.!. ~
th~
Corresponding values
for
the coefficient k
are assigned
to
the
specified
ranges
of
swin~
angles
and
examples
of
conductor types in use Here given.
Conductors not mentioned here
shall be grouped according to
their
sHing angle which results
from
the
ratio
of
the
wind load
acting
upon
the conductor
~ccording
to Clause
8.1.2.1 and it's dead load.
Thereby, the
wind
load
shall be calculated using the
formula
for spans up
to
200 m and taking the wind pressure from Table 5 according
to the values for the 0 to 40 m range of heights.
The values for k assigned to the individual ranges of swing angle
t~ke
care of the relative position of the individual conductors.
schematic
figures
associated
with
Table
17 describe the
position of the conductors by means of ranges of angles
and their assigned coefficient k.
The
r~lative
In
case
of varying
cross-sections,
materials or sags of c~n
d.Jctors
it shall be proved that no inadmissible approach of conductor.::;
will occur (see Clause 11.1.2) if dynamic ...rind pressures
differ by 40 % from conductor to conductor.
Clau~e
This
The
minimu~
In
t.:~re
order
to avoid repetition of similar clearances the objects
surr.r.Jarized to fot.:r groups as follo...rs:
- tr.e
.
.
d ..1:.~.
... h as n 0 ....~ discr-iptir-..,
... r. .- a::_-::
-~
clearances ...rere llste
- .. ,
,
..
evaluation
of
':.he
1
-l~~1:a~e~u=-1
the
c-auses
re 1 evant
.or ..he
~
.
ci~ar~nce~
and
for
the design of overhead line were mer.tlone~.
~
98 DIN
?age
V~~
0210
~a~e
In
. r::
protccti;r~
r:. t o r ::;
in st i
areas
sho....-r, in Fig. 6 are based or. saGs of conl 1 a i r a c c o r d i n ~;; t o C1 a u s e s 4 . 3 . 1 a n d L: 3 . 2 a r. d o n
~a~s according to +40 c of the swung cor.~~ctcrs justified by the
r ;~ r: t , t h a t '.1 i n d n e c e s sa r y f o r s w i n g i n g o f con d u c to r s s i ~ u 1 t a r. r~ ,,usly causes cooling.
(: t;
ca.se
of
crossin;;s of traffic rcute:: 1t sh<:1ll t.~ ~roves that
requirements
for clearances bet~ee~ overcrossin[ conductors
! ~~ ("
c r 8 s :; e d o b j e c t s i n c a s e o f i n c r e a s e s f s a t; d u e t. o a n u n c: q .: a l
additional load
of
spans
according
tc
Clau~e !L:.8 as w~ll as
: o! the c l e a r a n c e s
be tween
t he i n d i : i d ..: :: l co n d u c to r :; i n c a s e o f
'
th~
u n .-.: q u 3 1
add i t i o na1
o f
1oa d
accor d i ng
c on du c t o r s
are
strictly
met.
Thereby,
accou:1t
~ignificance
of
traffic
in~talla:io~s
14.')
d ~ ~~ s i t y
of
on multiple
t raf f i c
a nd o f
t he
b u n d l i n g-
of
vta~
t o
C 1 a u :; e
taken
of
the
to
increasing
due
c l ec t r i c
c i r c ' 1 i L :;
ca~e
of
cro~~ing
~p~cification~
experience
the
vertical clearances between conductors and
used sports grounds could be reduced fro~ 12 to 8 rn.
Fro~
~nnerally
to
wil~
f..ccount
was
taken
of
sporting activities on water by incorporo.ting
clearances
and to the
above
the
maximum water
level
i! eight gauge agreed upon above lakes and rivers.
For ca~ping installations with extendable or erectatle
3n appropriate clearance was specified.
Clau~c
~ 1 ll ~
Particular
14:
~pccifications
componen~s
ad j u .s t. n e n t
'::. o
t he c u r r e n t l i r. e d e s i g n , s c ::: e c o n d i t i o n s
particularly
increased
additiona~
loads
of
~:uc:~r~
ir
crossings
could
be
o~~::~d
whe~ compared ~~:h
t ::,
~~~~rn~~g
;:, r .-:: : i c
~~
::;
-:: c! i t ~ o !1
r~~~~re:::e~:s
:-.
~-
e :-
- '
p .~ r t. i
~ ~
t he
of
s t a n da r d .
ccncerning
l a:-
s;:;
c 1 f
F' ~..: : :
wood poles
i c a '::. i on s .
e r ::-: 0 r ~
r~sulted
:-. e
i~
c o :;1 b i ra a :
redu~ing
c. :--.
:~e
The
-
r~vi~icn
~tr~cture:
and cowponents
~ade
of
st~el
as well
a~
colts and
nuts,
Steel
wi~s,
at
r~ferring
as
li~e
far
l/C2
17/00
7/00
12/00
12/08
12/10
12/12
12/20
12/22
27!00