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Development of A Finite Element Model of The Total Human Model For Safety (Thums) and Application To Car-Pedestrian Impacts Tomoyuki Maeno
Development of A Finite Element Model of The Total Human Model For Safety (Thums) and Application To Car-Pedestrian Impacts Tomoyuki Maeno
Development of A Finite Element Model of The Total Human Model For Safety (Thums) and Application To Car-Pedestrian Impacts Tomoyuki Maeno
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
tests.
tests.
size.
test dummies.
Specification of THUMS
Total Number of Nodes : 60000
Total Number of Elements : 83500
Total Number of Material Groups : 10000
For example,
This paper
Maeno.
elements.
extremity impact.
(1).
The lower extremity of THUMS, as shown
Distal
Proximal
Spongy Bone(Inner)
Cortical Bone(Outer)
Cross Section
Spongy Bone
(Solid Elements)
Cortical Bone
(Shell Elements)
is
now
for
crash
analysis
of
PAM-CRASH.
Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Knee Joint
Tibia
The
Fibula
Foot
by Yamada (1).
Force(by impactor)
Femur
Figure 2.
Maeno.
Tibia(Test)
2000
Femur(Test)
Fibula(Test)
Force(N)
3000
1000
Tibia(Simulation)
Femur(Simulation)
Fibula(Simulation)
toe impact.
8
12
Deflection(mm)
16
Figure 5.
Comparison of Force-Deflection
Curves Between Simulation Results
and Test Results
Pendulum Arm
Diameter : 50mm
Impactor
Mass : 1.25kg
Impact Velocity : 4 and 6m/s
Shoe
Fixed Plate
Figure 7.
ACL
LCL
PCL
1000
20
500
10
Moment
0
500
-10
1000
1500
-0.01
Force
-20
GZRGTKOGPV
0
test
experiment
UKOWNCVKQP
0
simulation
simulation
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
-30
0.04
Time(s)
MCL
elements.
lateral impacts.
car-pedestrian accidents.
In this study, it is
Mass : 17.3kg
Impact Velocity : 6
10m/s
UPPER BOUND
10
:simulation
:test
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
6
LOWER BOUND
4
2
0
0
10
12
14
Impact Velocity(m/s)
Figure 10.
:Fixed
:Loadcell(Bar)
Velocity
20km/h
Output Position
(Lower Tibia Disp.)
Impactor
and
Pad
Load Device
TEST NO
21S
24S
25S
28S
29S
Damages
*. Epiphyses
Ligaments
Dia. or Meta.
ACL PCL MCL LCL emur Tibia emur Tibia
1
Velocity
20km/h
400N
Shearing Test
Table 1.
Damage Levels from the Low Velocity Tests by
Cadavers
Shearing Tests
Impactor
and
Pad
Bending Test
Figure 13. Shearing and Bending Test
Simulation Models
The simulation results are shown in Figure 14.
Test results are from TEST NO. 24S and NO. 23B
shown in Table 1, since these tests used a cadaver
1
2
models.
Bending Tests
TEST NO
22B
23B
26B
27B
30B
Damages
*. Epiphyses
Ligaments
Dia. or Meta.
ACL PCL MCL LCL emur Tibia emur Tibia
the peak value and the time of its occurrence for the
1
2
Maeno.
Force(N)
4000
Impact Force
3000
Test
Simulation
2000
1000
0
0.01
0.02
Disp.(mm)
Disp.(mm)
20
0
0.01
60
Lower Tibial
40 Disp.
0.02
0.03
40
0
0
0.01
0.02
600
Force(N)
4000
Force(N)
800
0.03
Time(s)
Shearing Test
Impact Force
2000
Test
Simulation
1000
0
0.01
0.02
ACL
PCL
MCL
LCL
400
200
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
800
600
20
0
0
0.01
Time(s)
0.02
0.03
Time(s)
Force(N)
20
0.03
0.02
Shearing Test
60
Lower Tibial
40 Disp.
Disp.(mm)
Disp.(mm)
60
0.01
Time(s)
0.03
Time(s)
0
0
Therefore,
20
Time(s)
3000
0.03
Time(s)
60
Bending Test
ACL
PCL
MCL
LCL
400
200
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
Time(s)
Figure 14.
There are
Bending Test
Figure 15.
5. VERIFICATION OF FRONTAL CAR
IMPACT TO THE PEDESTRIAN
In section 4, the lower extremity model is
validated for pedestrian impact conditions by using a
leg model of THUMS.
By investigating the
A cadaver is
Car
with
quantitatively.
test
results
qualitatively
and
Namely,
Acceleration 9.8m/s2
Head
Marker
THUMS
Hood Edge
Chest
Marker
Hood Longitudinal
Length
that of the test car, the left elbow is apt to impact the
windshield sooner in simulation.
Based on the
Windshield
Pelvis
Marker
Car
Ground
Figure 17.
Acc.(m/s2)
0.02s
4000
Left Tibial
Acceleration
2000
Test
Simulation
0
-2000
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
Time(s)
0.04s
Disp.(mm)
600
Disp.(mm)
100
0
Head Horizontal
Displacement
400
-100
-200
0
-200
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.06s
0.10
0.15
Disp.(mm)
100
0
Chest Horizontal
Displacement
400
-100
-200
-200
Chest Vertical
-300
0
-200
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
-400
0
Displacement
0.05
0.10
0.15
Time(s)
Time(s)
Disp.(mm)
Disp.(mm)
100
0
-100
-200
-200
Pelvis Vertical
-300
0.10s
0.05
Time(s)
Disp.(mm)
600
0.08s
-400
0
Time(s)
-200
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
-400
0
Time(s)
Figure 19.
Displacement
0.05
0.10
0.15
Time(s)
0.12s
The damage levels in the test are shown in
Table 2. The lower extremity bone fracture injuries
occurred in the tibia and fibula in both legs. This
injury position is close to the impact position of the
car bumper. The simulated stress distribution in the
Test
Figure 18.
Simulation
Right Tibia
and Fibula
Bumper
Absorber
Stress(MPa)
Left Tibia
and Fibula
75
150
In the future,
0.0225s
Table 2.
Damage Levels from Test by a Cadaver
Damage
left leg:
crash fracture of fibula 450mm above ground
open wedge fracture of the tibia 335mm above ground
right leg:
crash fracture of tibia 340mm above ground
crash fracture of fibula 340mm above ground
shoulder:
fracture of left clavicular
crash fracture of the glenoid cavity of the left shoulder joint
Future works
Maeno.
cooperation.
8. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
(5)
ROAD
VEHICLES-ANTHROPOMORPHIC
SIDE
IMPACT
DUMMY-LATERAL
IMPACT
Impact
Response
of
the
Human
Body
in
1993.
9. REFERENCES
Maeno.