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SanjeevSrivastava Et Al Applications in DentistryAbstract
SanjeevSrivastava Et Al Applications in DentistryAbstract
94]
Review Article
Key words: Botulinum toxin A, bruxism, gummy smile, temporomandibular joint disorders
Introduction
Botulism is a lifethreatening disease first described by
Kerner.[1] It is caused by botulinum toxin(BT) also known
as botulinum neurotoxin produced under anaerobic
conditions by Clostridium Botulinum. Botulinum is one of
the most lethal toxins known and has found applications
in bioterrorism as well.[2] However, botulinum toxin is a
doubleedged sword. Botulinum is the first toxin to be
accepted for therapeutic uses. Since the first therapeutic
use by Scott for strabismus[3] till today, the spectrum of
therapeutic applications of BTs has widened. BTs can be
differentiated into seven types from A toG. However,
commercially available variants are purified exotoxin
and only BT typeA(BTA) and BT typeB(BTB) are
marketed by various brand names.
DOI:
10.4103/0975-5950.183860
Mechanism of Action
BT produces a transient dosedependent weakening
of muscle activity.[4] It is a neurotoxin and produces
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2015 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow | 152