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Experiment One: Standardization of Hydrochloric Acid: Objective
Experiment One: Standardization of Hydrochloric Acid: Objective
Objective
To determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCL) (by measuring the
volumes of it) using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the primary standard in
volumetric analysis, using the method of acid-base titration.
Chemicals
Anhydrous sodium carbonate
Hydrochloric acid
1.062 g
About 150 cm3
8 drops
Apparatus
10 cm3 pipette
3
50 cm burette
250 cm beaker
1 piece
1 piece
2 pieces
1 pieces
1 piece
4 pieces
filter funnel
glass rod
1 piece
1 piece
white tile
washing bottle
pipette filler
1 piece
1 piece
1 piece
1 piece
Procedure
2nd
3rd
4th
29.35
22.60
40.85
11.00
04.15
22.60
18.35
18.45
18.25
Calculations
A. Preparation of Standard Sodium Carbonate Solution
Data collected from Data book,
Relative molecular masses: C=12.0 Na=23.0
O=16.0
Discussion
Safety measures
Generally, the chemicals used in this experiment were quite safe to use. However,
there was still being l some hazards. Thus, safety goggle should be worn for
protection. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive and we should handle the chemicals with
care.
Precautions
1.
All the apparatus of the experiment had to be washed correctly before used.
2.
3.
The chemicals might be adhered to the inner surface of the containers. After the
rinsing was done, we needed to wash it again with deionized water clear fully to
completely clean it.
4.
When transferring solutions, it must be checked that there should not be any air
bubble trapped in the pipette or burette.
5.
When taking readings, the bottom of the meniscus should just touch the line and
we should keep our eyes on the same level as the water level.
6.
7.
The tip of the burette should be brought closer to the solution in the conical
flask, to prevent excessive slashing of solution all over the sides of the conical
flask.
8.
A white tile placed under the conical flask, to facilitate detection of end-point.
Actually, these factors were the most significant in affecting the accuracy and
correctness if the experiment. The colour change of indicator was not dominant as
at the end point, the color of changed from yellow to orange was similar. It was easy
for us to add excess drop of the acid although the end-point was reached.
-Errors due to reactants or products
Anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was a very good primary standard because it
was pure, stable and relatively non-hygroscopic. But there might be absorption of
water in air in the anhydrous sodium carbonate since it took out from the desiccator
for a long time. Therefore, the weight could not be ensure and not accurate. The
calculations would be affected.
Second, sodium carbonate solution was titrated against hydrochloric acid solution
and formed the equation below:
Na2CO3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) H2CO3 (aq)
We know that carbon dioxide was produced during the neutralization and carbon
dioxide was dissoluble in water which would affect the acidity of the reacting mixture.
Since the pH valve was slightly decreased, the end point would be affected. Thus,
the result was not accurate.
Conclusion
In this experiment, the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCL) was determined
which was nearly 0,109M and the average volume of hydrochloric acid reacted
was18.35 cm3.