Reynolds

s
Apparatus

instrutec
h

INSTRUCTION
MANUAL

INTRODUCTION:
It has long been known that a fluid can flow through pipe or conduit in two
different ways. At low flow rates the pressure drop in the fluid increases
much more rapidly roughly as the square of the velocity. The distinction
between two types of flow was first established by Osborne Reynolds,
reported in 1883.
Experimental set up:
A horizontal glass tube is immersed in a transperent walled tank can be filled
with water. A controlled flow of water could be drawn through the tube by
opening a valve. The entrance to the tube is flared and a provision is made
to introduce a fine filament of colored dye from a die tank in to stream at the
tube entrance. At lowered flow rates, the jet of colored dye intact along with
the mainstream and no cross mixing occurred. The behavior of color band
will show clearly the water is flowing in a parallel straight lines and the flow
pattern is laminar in nature. Further increase in velocity, a velocity, called
critical velocity, will be reached at which the thread of colored band will
became wavy and gradually disappeared, as the dye spread uniformly
throughout the entire cross section of the water stream. This behavior of
colored dye or water shows movement in erratically in the form of cross
currents and eddies. This type of motion is called as turbulent flow.
PROCEDURE:
1. Fill up tank with water.
2. Fill up dye tank.
3. Open outlet valve of top tank slowly.
4. As you will increase flow to glass tube, slowly increase flow from tank.
5. Introduce dye to glass tube.
6. See the nature of color band.
7. Find average velocity V, by collected water in measuring tank (Q) in
measured time T.
8. Take at least 3 sets of reading for each zone i.e. laminar transition
and turbulent.

9. Note temperature of water & write density & viscosity accordingly.

OBSERVATIONS:
Known parameters.
Diameter of tube (D) = 24.2 MM.
Viscosity of test fluid () =
Density of test fluid () =

RESULTS.
Sr. no.

Avg. fluid

Nature of

Reynoldss

velocity,

colored

no.

V, cm/sec.

band.

Re

DV

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Conclusions:
laminar flow = Re 2100.
In transition zone = 2100 Re 4000.
In turbulent flow = Re 4000.

remarks