Table 1. Works which present experimental data accompanied by empirical correlations.

Table 2. Values of parameters for the determination of the LFL at different initial
temperatures of the mixture.
Table 3. Values of parameters for the determination of the UFL at different initial
temperatures of the mixture.
Table 4. Results and comparison of the method for determining the LFL at different
initial temperatures of the mixture.
Table 5. Further comparison of the method for the LFL at different initial temperatures.
Table 6. Results and comparison of the method for determining the UFL at different
initial temperatures of the mixture.

Reference

Studied
compounds

Flammability
Limits

Temperature
range (C)

Pressure
range (kPa)

Goethals et al. [12]

Toluene

LFL, UFL

60 225

100 500

Liu and Zhang [13]

Hydrogen

LFL, UFL

21 90

100 400

Vanderstraeten et al. [14]

Methane

UFL

20 200

100 5500

Ethane

UFL

20 250

100 3000

Propane

UFL

20 250

100 1000

n-Butane

UFL

20 250

100 300

Ethylene

UFL

20 260a

100 3000

Propylene

UFL

20 250b

100 1000

Methane

LFL

25 450

101.325

Commercial
Butane

LFL

25 450

101.325

Hydrogen

LFL

25 450

101.325

Carbon
Monoxide

LFL

25 450

101.325

Van den Schoor [15]

Hustad and Sonju [16]

a) The temperature range was 20 230 from 1500 to 2500 kPa and it was 20 200 for 3000 kPa.
b) The temperature range was 20 200 for 1000 kPa.

Table 1.

Mendiburu et al.
References

Compounds

Formula

CAS#

mLFL,exp

 1/ C
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Wierzba and Wang [18]
Li et al. [19]
White [20]
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Craven and Foster [21]
White [20]
White [20]
Kondo et al. [17]
Wierzba and Wang [18]
Karim et al. [22]
White et al. [20]
Kondo et al. [17]
White [23] (downward)
White [23] (horizontal)
White [23] (upward)
Ciccarelli et al. [24]
Chang et al. [25]

Dimethyl ether
Methyl formate
Methane
Methane
Methane
Methane
Propane
iso-Butane
Propylene
Ethylene
Ethylene
Ethylene
Acetylene
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Methanol

C2H6O
C2H4O2
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
C3H8
C4H10
C3H6
C2H4
C2H4
C2H4
C2H2
CO
CO
CO
CO
NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
CH4O

115-10-6
107-31-3
74-82-8
74-82-8
74-82-8
74-82-8
74-98-6
75-28-5
115-07-1
74-85-1
74-85-1
74-85-1
74-86-2
630-08-0
630-08-0
630-08-0
630-08-0
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
67-56-1

kJ

0.000957
0.000825
0.000658
0.000850
0.000609
0.000658
0.000810
0.000915
0.000915
0.000823
0.000836
0.000745
0.000913
0.000791
0.000882
0.000801
0.000844
0.000575
0.000970
0.000582
0.000559
0.000861
0.001500

Table 2.
Mendiburu et al.
References
Coronado et al. [26]
Goethals [12]
White et al. [20]
Chang et al. [25]
Wierzba and Wang [18]
Ciccarelli et al. [24]
Karim et al. [22]
White et al. [20]
Wierzba et al. [27]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]

Compounds
Ethanol
Toluene
n-Pentane
Benzene
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Methanol
1-hexine
Butanol
Methyl benzoate
1-Octanol
Phenetole
4-Methyl-2-pentanol

Formula
C2H6O
C7H8
C5H12
C6H6
H2
H2
H2
H2
H2
CH4O
C6H10
C4H10O
C8H8O2
C8H18O
C8H10O
C6H14O

CAS#
64-17-5
108-88-3
109-66-0
71-43-2
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
67-56-1
693-02-7
71-36-3
93-58-3
111-87-5
103-73-1
108-11-2

mLFL,exp

1/ C
0.001213
0.001327
0.000696
0.000909
0.001460
0.000848
0.003358
0.000872
0.001034
0.001149
0.001603
0.001310
0.002212
0.001820
0.002015
0.001584

kJ

Rowley et al. [28]

Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]
Rowley et al. [28]

Dibutyl amine
2-penteno
2-methyl-1,3-propanediol
Hexyl Formate
Octyl formate
Di iso butyl phthalate
Ethyl Lactate

C8H19N
C10H16
C4H10O2
C7H14O2
C9H18O2
C16H22O4
C5H10O3

111-92-2
80-56-8
2163-42-0
629-33-4
112-32-3
84-69-5
97-64-3

0.002210
0.001979
0.001750
0.001763
0.002056
0.004312
0.001754

Continuation Table 2.
Mendiburu et al.
References

Composto

Kondo et al. [17]

Wierzba and Wang [18]
Li et al. [19]
Van Den Schoor [15]
Vanderstraeten et al. [14]

Methane
Methane
Methane
Methane
Methane

White [20]
Kondo et al. [17]
Van Den Schoor [15]
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Van Den Schoor [15]
Kondo et al. [17]
White [20]
Van Den Schoor [15]
Kondo et al. [17]
Ciccarelli et al. [24]
White [23] (downward)
White [23] (horizontal)
White [23] (upward)
Goethals [12]
Wierzba and Wang [18]
Ciccarelli et al. [24]
White [20]
Wierzba et al. [27]
Chang et al. [25]
Van Den Schoor [15]
Van Den Schoor [15]
White [20]
White [20]
Kondo et al. [17]
Kondo et al. [17]
Chang et al. [25]
Coronado et al. [26]
Kondo et al. [17]

Methane
Propane
Propane
iso-Butane
Propylene
Propylene
Ethylene
Ethylene
Ethylene
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ammonia
Toluene
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Benzene
Ethane
n-Butane
n-pentane
Acetylene
Dimethyl ether
Methyl formate
Methanol
Ethanol
Carbon Monoxide

Frmula

CAS#

CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
C3H8
C3H8
C4H10
C3H6
C3H6
C2H4
C2H4
C2H4
NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
C7H8
H2
H2
H2
H2
C6H6
C2H6
C4H10
C5H12
C2H2
C2H6O
C2H4O2
CH4O
C2H6O
CO

mUFL,exp

h f0, F

1/ C

kJ / mol

g / mol.kJ

74-82-8
74-82-8
74-82-8
74-82-8
74-82-8

0.000633
0.000719
0.000532
0.000941
0.000854

-74.9
-74.9
-74.9
-74.9
-74.9

0.2560
0.2910
0.2611
0.2504
0.2552

74-82-8
74-98-6
74-98-6
75-28-5
115-07-1
115-07-1
74-85-1
74-85-1
74-85-1
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
7664-41-7
108-88-3
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
1333-74-0
71-43-2
74-84-0
106-97-8
109-66-0
74-86-2
115-10-6
107-31-3
67-56-1
64-17-5
630-08-0

0.000740
0.000314
0.001470
0.000025a
0.000469
0.001413
0.001284
0.000808
0.001522
0.000695
0.000770
0.001038
0.000680
0.00633
0.000506
0.000397
0.000379
0.000367
0.000339
0.001667
0.000694
0.001165
0.000678
0.002551
0.002928
0.000928
0.002584
0.004661
0.000390

-74.9
-104.7
-104.7
-134.2
20.4
20.4
52.5
52.5
52.5
-45.9
-45.9
-45.9
-45.9
-45.9
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
82.9
-84.0
-125.6
-146.8
226.7
-184.1
-336.9
-205.0
-234.0
-110.5

0.3106
0.4413
0.4240
0.5565
0.4250
0.3502
0.1393
0.3102
0.1218
0.3645
0.3714
0.5412
0.4196
0.4022
0.6829
0.0227
0.0222
0.0233
0.0213
1.0477
0.2556
0.4613
0.9819
0.0755
0.2758
0.5754
0.3142
0.4139
0.2728

Wierzba and Wang [18]

Carbon Monoxide
CO
White [20]
Carbon Monoxide
CO
a) The UFL variation for this compound was small.

Table 3.

630-08-0
630-08-0

0.000569
0.000268

-110.5
-110.5

0.3033
0.2833

Mendiburu et al.

AARE (%)

R2

Britton and Frurip [6]

161

4.44

0.9946

Catoire and Naudet [3]

140

14.64

0.9003

Rowley et al. [4]

109

5.95

0.9857

Zabetakis [2]

180

4.82

0.9948

This work

180

3.25

0.9928

Method

Table 4.

Mendiburu et al.

Zabetakis [2]
Set

Britton and Frurip [6]

This work

AARE
(%)

R2

AARE
(%)

R2

AARE
(%)

R2

xC 5

110

2.36

0.9978

2.75

0.9955

2.73

0.9972

xC 5

30

11.74

0.6844

10.33

0.7553

2.01

0.9851

NH3

21

4.70

0.8593

4.88

0.8499

5.76

0.7649

H2

19

8.28

0.9439

5.47

0.9639

Table 5.

Mendiburu et al.

Reference

Table 6.

AAER (%)

R2

Zabetakis [2]

129

5.01

0.9748

This work

129

3.60

0.9957

Mendiburu et al.