|ronnotes| - computer

first long test

history of the modern pc:
 integrated circuit – created by jack kilby in 1958 and its problems were
later fixed by robert noyce. it was the first “personal computer”. kilby
received the noble prize for this in 2000.
 pc revolution – 1970-1990
 altair 8800 – signaled the start of the pc revolution. created by ed
Roberts in 1980.
 microsoft – was meant to focus on producing quality software. it was
founded by harvard drop-out, bill gates.
 apple – it was meant to focus on producing quality hardware. it was
founded by steve jobs (the first steve) and co-founded by steve
wozniak (the other steve).
 apple II – made by steve wozniak.
 lisa – the first computer to ever have a guided user interface (gui) and a
mouse.
 macintosh – 1984
 international business machines (ibm) – it had a more powerful processor
and contained the qdos (quick and dirty operating software.) it popularized
the ibm pc in 1980.

network:
 network – 2 or more computers exchanging data.
 local-area network – contains of a few dozen of computers exchanging data.
 network address – used by other computers to access your computer.
 server – powerful computer which holds all the application programs and
data that the other computers need.
 network interface card - sends and receives data over cables
 metropolitan area network – connects computers within a 30-mile radius
 wide-area network – can connect thousands of computers over great
distances through the use of fiber optics, telephone lines, microwave, and
satellites.
 protocol – an agreement on how to transmit data over a network.
 internet – consists of many wide-area networks. It is a huge worldwide
network.
 communications – makes no distinction between programs and data.
 world-wide web – transmits information over the internet.
 hypertext markup language (html) – the internet’s language
 hyperlink – connects one webpage to the other
 uniform resource locator (url) – specifies the web page.
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major computer components:
 hardware – tangible parts.
 processor – the “brain” of the computer.
 cpu – the main processor.
 main memory
 very closely connected to the processor.
 contents are quickly and easily changed.
 holds the programs and data the processor is actively working
with.
 interacts with the processor millions of times per second.
 random –access memory – determines the speed of the
computer.
 secondary memory – the storage capacity of the computer.
 connected through the main memory through a bus/controller
(group of wires inside the computer.)
 the contents are easily changed but is slower compared to the
main memory.
 input/output devices – external devices that gives input or receives
output to/from the computer.
 software – intangible parts.
 application software – are the programs the user runs.
 system software – creates a platform for application and hardware.
 operating system – most important system software.
 user interface – enables users to easily interact with
applications.
 memory – stores data.
 peopleware
 user
 administrator
 system analyst
 network analyst

data processing cycle:

input – the data input is sent to the computer in order to be processed.
processing – the computer then either accepts the given input or states an error
has occurred.
output – the processed data is then sent out of the computer.
feedback – the user sees the computers feedback and either repeats the cycle or is
satisfied with the result.
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other information:
 booting – starting a program
 graham glass – creator of edu.20.
 shareware – software shared with other users.
 freeware – software downloaded from the internet without a fee and accepts
optional donations.
 demoware – software with limited access and/or on a trial basis. the user
may only get the full benefits by paying.
 peer-to-peer – sharing done by sending/receiving data directly from user to
user.
 client/server – sharing done by sending/receiving data from other users
through a powerful client/server
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