Department of

Technology and Built Environment

EXAMINATION
Course name: Antenna Engineering I

Course code: 7EE42D

Sub section (if applicable):

Tuesday 2005-01-18 from 09:00 to 14:00

Examiner: Claes Beckman

May be contacted on telephone: 070-8636969
Paper:
Squared paper
Lined paper
Aid:
Pencil, eraser, ruler
Pocket calculator
Compilation of formulae:
Dictionary:
Other: Balanis, Antenna Theory
Print Your name and civic registration number (personnummer) in the header of every
page.
Write on one side of the paper only. Do not answer more than one question per paper.
The examination consist of questions.
The maximum number of points per question is shown within brackets together with
the problem text. The highest score is 60 points.
Grade:

3
4
5

minimum 30 points (50%)

minimum 42 points (70%)
minimum 54 points (90%)

If the grading from the course is Godknd / Underknd (Passed / Failed) the normal
limit is minimum 50% for a Godknd (Pass) grade.
If the grading from the course is Vl Godknd / Godknd / Underknd (Passed with
distinction / Passed / Failed) the normal limit is minimum 75% for a Vl Godknd
(Passed with distinction) grade and 50% for a Godknd (Pass) grade.
Examination results will be posted by: 2005-02-01
Review of the examination will be held: 2005-02-01
//Good Luck

Examination no: 1 Antenna Engineering.

University of Gvle. Claes Beckman. Ph. 0708 63 6969
Saturday, January 18, 2005. From 09.00 to 14.00. Room: 13 111
ALLOWED TOOLS: Balanis: Antenna Theory. Calculator, Smith chart, pen,
pencil ruler, compas etc.
Please make complete solutions.

1. The normalized radiation intensity for an antenna radiating at 10GHz is given by:

sin cos 2
U ( , ) =
0

0 .;. / 2 / 2.
else

Determine:
a. The exact maximum directivity (3p)
b. The maximum effective aperture (1p)
c. Assuming that the electric field is polarized in the -direction. What are
the 3-dB beam-widths in the E- and H-planes (2p)
d. The approximate directivity according to Kraus (2p)
e. The approximate directivity according to Tai-Periera (2p)

2. Consider two identical thin wire /2-dipoles that are located in free space in the
same horizontal plane. One of the dipoles is connected to a power generator with
the internal resistance of 50+j25 , and the other is terminated in a load ZL. The
peak voltage of the generator is 2V and the frequency is 10GHz.
a. Find the length of the dipoles (2p)
b. Find the power radiated by the transmit dipole (4p)
c. Find the power dissipated into the load ZL, when the spacing between the
identical dipoles is r=10m and the load resistance ZL=50 (4)

ZL

1(3)

3. A pulse radar is operating at 3GHz using an antenna with a gain of 28dBi and a
pulse power of 1kW. If we want to be able to detect a target with a radar cross
section (r.c.s.) of 10m2, and the minimum required power for detection is 90
dBm per single pulse.
a. What is the maximum range? (6p)
b. What is the name of the frequency band that this radar is operating in?
(2p)
c. What is a typical application for this kind of radar (2p)

4. You are designing a transmit antenna system for a radio system operating at
50MHz. The transmit antenna is a horizontal /2-dipole placed at a distance h>0
above the ground. In order to avoid interference with another radio station you are
asked to create a null in the radiation pattern at an angle of 80 from the vertical
axis. Assume that the ground is flat and perfectly conducting (PEC). Determine:
a. The smallest value of h>0 (5p).
b. The driving point impedance of the dipole for the value of h found above
(5p).

5. Design a 4-element linear array of isotropic elements as shown below. The side
lobe level must not exceed -40dB relative to the main beam, which should point
10 to the left of the normal to the array axis. The spacing between your elements
is d=/2. Determine:
a.
b.
c.
d.

The normalized amplitude and phase of each element (4p)

The array factor (2p)
The directivity if the beam broadening factor, f, is equal to 1.3 (2p)
The approximate half-power beamwidth. (2p)

10

2(3)

6. An outdoor antenna test range (see figure below) has a source antenna consisting
of a corrugated horn with side lobes below -25dB.The reflection attenuation from
the ground is 40dB. What is the minimum side lobe level of an antenna under
test that can be measured with accuracy better than 1dB? Assume that the direct
path between the source antenna and the antenna under test (AUT) is about equal
to the path reflected from the ground. (10p)

AUT

RD

RR

3(3)