Intermolecular Forces

Van der Waals' Forces

Induced dipole-dipole
Permanent dipole-dipole
Hydrogen Bonding (strongest type)

INDUCED DIPOLE-DIPOLE forces = found between ALL

atoms/molecules
Causes all atoms/molecules to be attracted to each other
Even noble gas atoms are affected
1. Electrons in charge clouds = moving quickly
There is an uneven distribution of electrons
2. Creates a temporary dipole
Temporary dipole can cause induced dipoles in neighbouring
molecules
3. Domino effect

Jan 2011: How do Van der

Waals arise? (3)
(1) Uneven distribution of
electrons
(2) Creates a temporary dipole
(3) Causes induced dipoles in
neighbouring molecules

Electrons are constantly moving- the dipoles are created/destroyed all the time
BUT: Even though dipoles keep changing, OVERALL EFFECT: Atoms = attracted to each
other
Mercury
Water
Alcohol