Sahand University of Technology

Electrical Engineering Department

Microelectronic Research Center
A Simulation Training for Sigma-Delta
Modulators by Matlab CAD-Tool
By: Mostafa azadbakht
Advisor: Dr.E.Najafi aghdam

These simulations are performed by Matlab CAD-tool.

Its need that the delsig toolbox attached with your CAD-tool before you want to start
simulation .
delsig toolbox is a dataset codes that was written by Shreier in [1].

Two possible way to simulate a DSM in

Matlab CAD-tool

By Simulink
block library

By code
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Block diagram of a discrete-time(DT) DSM:

Step-by-step simulation codes for a discrete - time DSM by Schreier codes:

Step 1

Define a input and a desired transfer function (NTF)

Step 2

Used of the simulation commands of Schreier codes to run and simulate the DSM

Step 3

Taking the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the output signal and calculating the SNR
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Step-by-step code simulations for a discrete - time DSM by Schreier codes:

STEP1:
Define a desired NTF as:
NTF = synthesizeNTF(order,osr,opt)
STEP 2:
Generating the feed-back paths gain as follow:
FB = realizeNTF(NTF,CIFB)
STEP 3:
Generating the feed-forward paths gain as follow:
FF = realizeNTF(NTF,CIFF)
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Low pass DT-DSM, order 1:

Gain paths (FB1=1)

Low pass DT-DSM, order 1:

close all,clear all,clc
osr=64;
N=1;
Nlev=2^N;
n=2^13;
z=57;
t=[0:n-1];
H=synthesizeNTF(1,osr,1);
u=0.5*(Nlev-1)*sin(2*pi*z/n*t);
v=simulateDSM(u,H,Nlev);
spec=fft(v)/(n*(Nlev-1)/2);
snr=calculateSNR(spec(1:ceil(n/(2*osr))+1),z);
clear f
f=linspace(0,0.5,n/3);
figure,plot(f,dbv(spec(1:n/3)),'b'),grid on

Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

Low pass DT-DSM, order 2:

Gain paths (FB1=1 FB2=1)

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Low pass DT-DSM, order 2:

close all,clear all,clc

osr=64;
N=1;
Nlev=2^N;
n=2^13;
z=57;
t=[0:n-1];
H=synthesizeNTF(2,osr,1);
u=0.5*(Nlev-1)*sin(2*pi*z/n*t);
v=simulateDSM(u,H,Nlev);
spec=fft(v)/(n*(Nlev-1)/2);
snr=calculateSNR(spec(1:ceil(n/(2*osr))+1),z);
clear f
f=linspace(0,0.5,n/3);
figure,plot(f,dbv(spec(1:n/3)),'b')
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Low pass DT-DSM, order 3:

Gain paths (FB1=0.44 FB2=0.2881 FB3=0.7997)

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Low pass DT-DSM, order 3:

close all,clear all,clc

osr=64;
N=1;
Nlev=2^N;
n=2^13;
z=57;
t=[0:n-1];
H=synthesizeNTF(3,osr,1);
u=0.5*(Nlev-1)*sin(2*pi*z/n*t);
v=simulateDSM(u,H,Nlev);
spec=fft(v)/(n*(Nlev-1)/2);
snr=calculateSNR(spec(1:ceil(n/(2*osr))+1),z);
clear f
f=linspace(0,0.5,n/3);
figure,plot(f,dbv(spec(1:n/3)),'b')
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Low pass DT-DSM, order 4:

Gain paths (FB1=0.2923 FB2=1.4212 FB3=2.7446 FB4=2.5536 // FF1=2.5536 FF2=2.7446 FF3=1.4212
FF4=0.2923)

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Low pass DT-DSM, order 4:

close all,clear all,clc

osr=64;
N=1;
Nlev=2^N;
n=2^13;
z=57;
t=[0:n-1];
H=synthesizeNTF(4,osr,1);
u=0.5*(Nlev-1)*sin(2*pi*z/n*t);
v=simulateDSM(u,H,Nlev);
spec=fft(v)/(n*(Nlev-1)/2);
snr=calculateSNR(spec(1:ceil(n/(2*osr))+1),z);
clear f
f=linspace(0,0.5,n/3);
figure,plot(f,dbv(spec(1:n/3)),'b')
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Low pass to band pass conversion mechanism is as follow

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 1:

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 1:

close all;clear all;clc
amp=0.452;
n=2^15;
t=[0:n];
fin=0.24589746;
u=amp*sin(2*pi*fin*t);
y=zeros(1,n);
v=y;
for i=3:n;
y(i)=-y(i-2)-u(i-2)+v(i-2);
if y(i)>0
v(i)=1;
else
v(i)=-1;
end
end
figure(100),plotsp(u,v,2);figure(200),plot(v)
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 2:

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 2:

close all;clear all;clc
amp=0.452;
n=2^15;
t=[0:n];
fin=0.24985;
u=amp*sin(2*pi*fin*t);
y=zeros(1,n);
v=y;
for i=5:n;
y(i)=-2*y(i-2)-y(i-4)-2*u(i-2)-u(i-4)+2*v(i-2)+v(i-4);
if y(i)>0
v(i)=1;
else
v(i)=-1;
end
end
figure(100),plotsp(u,v,2);figure(200),plot(v)
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 3:

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 3:

close all;clear all;clc
amp=0.452;
n=2^15;t=[0:n];fin=0.24898789;
u=amp*sin(2*pi*fin*t);
y=zeros(1,n);
v=y;
for i=7:n;
y(i)=-3*y(i-2)-3*y(i-4)-y(i-6)-0.8*u(i-2)-1.32*u(i-4)0.56*u(i-6)+0.8*v(i-2)+1.32*v(i-4)+0.56*v(i-6);
if y(i)>0
v(i)=1;
else
v(i)=-1;
end
end
figure(100),plotsp(u,v,2);figure(200),plot(v)
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 4:

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Band pass DT-DSM, order 4:

close all;clear all;clc

amp=0.452;
n=2^15;t=[0:n];fin=0.24898789;
u=amp*sin(2*pi*fin*t);
y=zeros(1,n);
v=y;
for i=7:n;
y(i)=-3*y(i-2)-3*y(i-4)-y(i-6)-0.8*u(i-2)-1.32*u(i-4)0.56*u(i-6)+0.8*v(i-2)+1.32*v(i-4)+0.56*v(i-6);
if y(i)>0
v(i)=1;
else
v(i)=-1;
end
end
figure(100),plotsp(u,v,2);figure(200),plot(v)
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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Block diagram of a continues-time (CT) DSM:

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Low pass CT-DSM, order 1:

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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Low pass CT-DSM, order 2:

Gain paths (FB1=1 FB2=1.5)

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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Low pass CT-DSM, order 3:

Gain paths (FB1=0.2316 FB2=0.7868 FB3=2.4154 // Fg=1/650)

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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Low pass CT-DSM, order 4:

Gain paths (FB1=0.0889 FB2=0.1379 FB3=.2039 FB4=0.3184 // Fg=0.0168)

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Used of the plotsp to plot the spectrum as: plotsp(vo,vi,k);k=1.5~4

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Bibliography

1-Undrestanding Delta-Sigma Data Converter ,Richard Schreier & Gabor C.Temes ,WILEY Publication.

2-Delta-Sigma Modulators Modeling, Design and Applications ,George I bourdopouls , Imperial college Press
Publication.

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If you have any questions feel free to

contact me.
Email: M.Azadbakht.1371@gmail.com
M_Azadbakht@sut.ac.ir

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