RESET CIRCUIT OF 8051 CONTROLLER

RESET is an active High input .

When RESET is set to High, 8051 goes back to the power on state.

The 8051 is reset by holding the RST high for at least two machine cycles and
then returning it low.
The capacitor is to cause a proper reset when power is first applied.
When power is applied, the capacitor begins to charge and holds the
reset line high (until it is charged) for long enough to ensure that the
8051 gets a proper start up condition.
This circuit ensures that a system or a device starts its operation when supply
voltage stabilizes reaches it's nominal value .
the capacitor provides a very short delay for the power supply to steady at 5
volts
before the 8051 starts running.
It is needed to prevent erratic or uncontrolled operation during transition
period after switching on.
During
power
off,
is
to
sense
when
the
voltage
supply
is turned off.

Power On Reset

Initially charging of capacitor makes RST High.

When capacitor charges fully it blocks DC.

Manual Reset

closing the switch momentarily will make RST High.

After a reset, the program counter is loaded with 0000H but the content of on-chip
RAM is not affected.

Note: content of on-chip RAM is not affected by Reset.

OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT OF 8051 CONTROLLER

Crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator used to create an electrical signal of
precise frequency by using the vibrating crystal mechanical resonance made of
piezoelectric material.

The crystal is connected to pins 18 and 19 with stabilizing capacitors. 12 MHz

(11.059MHz) crystal is often used and the capacitance ranges from 20pF to
40pF.
The PIC will internally divide the clock input frequency by 4, in order to execute the

program instructions.
4 pulses = 1 operation, 1 operation = 1 instruction execution?
Microcontrollers need to use a clock because they need to be able to respond to
events that may occur at any time, including nearly simultaneously with either
other external events or events generated by the controllers themselves, and will
often have multiple circuits that need to know whether one event X precedes
another event Y

How fast 8051 works ?

A cycle is, 12 pulses of the crystal. That is to say, if an instruction takes one machine cycle to
execute, it will take 12 pulses of the crystal to execute. Since we know the crystal is pulsing
11,059,000 times per second and that one machine cycle is 12 pulses, we can calculate how
many instruction cycles the 8051 can execute per second:
11,059,000 / 12 = 921,583