.

13.122 Design Process

ksi :=

1. MATERIALS

1000lbf
2

lton := 2240lbf

in

For HTS Components:

Y := 47ksi

max := 21.28ksi

max = 9.5

lton

E := 29.610 ksi

:= .30

in

G :=

2 ( 1 + )

For HY-80 Components:

Y2 := 80ksi

max := 23.52ksi

max = 10.5

lton

E := 29.610 ksi

:= .30

in

2. GEOMETRY
y :=

y IB + y OB
2

z :=

section spacing = frame spacing = a

zIB + zOB

B :=

longitudinal position from AP := x

( yIB yOB) 2 + (zIB zOB)2

Assume for 1st design iteration:

y NA :=

Select number of stiffeners,N so

B
b :=
in
that 23in<b<28in:
N+ 1

yD
2

3. PRIMARY STRESS
B in this context is maximum
beam at the DWL
not plate breadth.

lton
lton
2.5
2.5
M bH := 0.000457L B
B
M bS := 0.000381L B
B

2.5
2.5
ft
ft

DHM :=

DSM :=

M bH ( y D y NA)

KHM :=

Iyy
M bS ( y D y NA)

KSM :=

Iyy

M bH ( y K y NA)
Iyy
M bS ( y K y NA)
Iyy

Or for 1st iteration before having Iyy:

DHM := max

KHM := max

At NA for external shell:

DSM := max

KSM := max

:= 0psi

DSM
DHM
TNA := .5max
KHM
KSM

CNA := .5max

Below neutral axis,

external shell:

Above neutral axis,

external shell:

Above neutral axis,

internal decks:

T := TNA + KSM TNA

yNA

) y

T := TNA + DHM TNA

T := DHM

y NA y

y y NA

y y NA

D y NA

C := DSM

y D y NA

) y

C := CNA + KHM CNA

y NA y

y NA

C := CNA + DSM CNA

y y NA

D y NA

y y NA
y D y NA

MAX := max
Below neutral axis,
internal decks:

T := KSM

y NA y

C := KHM

y NA

y NA y

y NA

notes_design_process.mcd

4. LOCAL LOADS:
Sea and weather; choose

largest

Passing waves:
HWV( y
) := y DWL + .55 L ft y

(4-1)

y cos

6 6

Heel:

HH( y ) := y DWL + zztan

Green Seas:

y D + 4 ft

HGS(y) := max y D + 8 ft
x
2

Waveslap:

HWS := 7.82ft

L
y
2

(4-2)

(4-3)

(4-4)

Independent
Dead Load:

Live Load:

Damage:

HDL := 1.72

ft
in

tt

t = plate thickness

(4-5)
(4-6)

HLL := 2.37ft

y + ztan

D z y cos

HDAM(y) := max
6 6

yD y

(4-7)

notes_design_process.mcd

5. PLATE LIMIT STATES

- assume values for b,t; refine t as required so all gRL<1

ax := MAX

xy := 0

E( t)

D :=

12 1

(5-1)

PSPBT -Panel Serviceability Plate Bending Transverse bx := 0psi

x := ax + bx

.5 x y

VM :=

y := by
by := .5p

)2 + ( y)2 + ( x)2 + 3 2

S := 1.25

RPSPBT := S

VM

(5-2)

PSPBL - Panel Serviceability Plate Bending Longitudinal bx := .34p

x := ax + bx

y := by
(5-3)

.5 x y

VM :=

by := 0psi

)2 + ( y)2 + ( x)2 + 3 2

RPSPBL := S

VM
Y

- PCMY - Panel Collapse Membrane Yield (or PFMY)

x := ax
VM :=

y := 0psi

.5 x y

C := 1.5

)2 + ( y)2 + ( x)2 + 3 2

- PFLB - Plate Failure Local Buckling

2

axcr := 4

D
2

b tt

(5-4)

b
ks := 5.35 + 4
a

RPCMY := C

VM
Y

Use Equation 12.4.7. (or PCLB)

2

:= 0psi

cr := ks

D
2

b tt

Rs :=

cr
(5-5)

interaction
formula:

Rc := 1 Rs

o := Rc
axcr

RPFLB :=

C
o

RPFLB := SR
RPFLB

notes_design_process.mcd

6. STIFFENED PANEL LIMIT STATES

HSW := DEPTH TSF

Aw := (DEPTH TSF)TSW
TSW

Af := BSFTSF
TSF

As := Aw + Af

Combination of plate and stiffeners (from p287, equation 8.3.6 in text):

TSF

d := DEPTH

A := As + Ap

A Aw

+ AfA
Ap
4
3

C1 :=

( A)

Aw

Aw

+ Ap

+
A
2
p
2
y p := d 1
y f := d
A

cf := y f .5TSF
TSF

bx :=

( M bcencf)
I

(y is to mid-point)

- PYTF - Panel Yield Tension Flange

ax := T

I := Ad C
C1

12

M bend := p b

cp := .5t + y p

(6-1)

L := a

Aw

Ap := btt

M bcen := p b

(6-2)

12

S := 1.25

x := ax + bx

RPYTF :=

RPYTF := SR
RPYTF

(6-3)

- PYCF - Panel Yield Compression Flange

ax := C

bx :=

( M bendcf)

x := ax + bx

- PYTP - Panel Yield Tension Plate

ax := T

ay := 0.0psi

xy := 0.0psi

VM :=

bx :=

( M bendcp)

ay := 0.0psi

xy := 0.0psi

VM :=

bx :=

)2 + y2 + x2 + 3 xy2

( M bcencp)

.5 x y

RPYTP :=

x := ax + bx
VM
Y

y := ay + by
(6-5)

RPYTP := SR
RPYTP

usually much smaller than PYCF, plate closer to NA

+ y + x + 3 xy

(6-4)

RPYCF := SR
RPYCF

assume
for simplicity: by := 0psi x := ax + bx

I
2

- usually much smaller than PYTF, plate closer to NA

- PYCP - Panel Yield Compression Plate ax := C

assume
for simplicity: by := 0psi

.5 x y

RPYCF :=

RPYCP :=

VM
Y

y := ay + by
(6-6)

RPYCP := SR
RPYCP

notes_design_process.mcd

- PCCB - Panel Collapse Combined Buckling.

Ae Aw

+ Afbett
4
3

Aw
let:

be := bratb
b

Ae := As + bett

Ie

e :=

x :=

Ae

x
B

C := min a 2 ( 1 + 1 + x)

bet + As

(
12
1

C Lt

ecr :=

CL

HSWTSW + TSFBSF
BSF

be :=

ecr

(6-7)

(6-8)

e 3 1

be

Check,
must
equal brat

(6-9)

be := b starting point
can also use:
be := root( be br( be) , be)
RPCCB := C

b t + As
- PCSB - Panel Collapse Stiffener Buckling
Isz :=

Ie := Aed C
C1

2
Ae

12 1 Ie
bett

axcr :=

C1 :=

Isp := d Af +

(6-10)

axcr

Aw
3

(6-11)

J :=

BSFTSF + (HSW)TSW
TSW

Cr :=

3
d
TSW b

1 + .4

for m=1:

Isp +

at2 :=

at1
at2

D Cr E Isz d
4 DCrb

G J + 4
+
3
2
b
2 Crb t

(6-12)

(6-13)

(6-14)

Isp +
at := min

2
2
2
2

EIszd
4D
DCr a + b

G J +
+

3
2
2
a
2 Crb t
b

for m=2:

at1 :=

4 DCr
m :=
2

E Iszd bb
a

recalling that; if 1< m < 2, value obtained

is conservative

RPCSB := C

C
at

(6-15)

notes_design_process.mcd

- PCSF - Panel Collapse Stiffener Flexure

Use limiting mode (Mode I, II, or III). See text Sec 14.2.

Rule of thumb for eccentricity of welded panels:

a. Mode I Compression failure of flange

I :=

R :=

I :=

( I) 2

( I)

(o + I)yf

I :=

( I) 2

limit state

1 I

I :=

axu := R
R Y

RPCSF1 :=

ax
axu

(6-16)

ax := C

750

M o := 0lbf in

(Point E of fig. 14.2):

Beam column parameters:

:=

o := 0 in

M oy f

(6-17)

I :=

I := 1 I +

II Y

RPCSF1 := CR
RPCSF1

1 + I

( I) 2
(6-18)

b. Mode II Compression failure of plate:

For maximum moment and center deflection assume simply supported beam:
q := pb
b

qaa

M o :=

o :=

5 qa

(6-23)

384EII

determine failure stress using plate parameters

:=

b
t

btr := Tbb

F :=

2.75

:= 1 +

T := .25 2 +

( )2

()2

Y 1 3
T
Y

T .1

10.4

(6-19)

( )2

(6-20)

For combination (from equation 8.3.6 in text) and transformed plate:

Atr Aw

+ AfA
Aptr
4
3

Aw
Aptr := btrtt

Atr := As + Aptr
Aw

y ftr := d

C1tr :=

( Atr)

Aw

+ btrt

2
y ptr := d 1
Atr

+ btrt
Atr

tr :=

(6-21)

Itr := Atr( d) C
C1tr

Itr

:=

Atr

a
tr

F
E

(6-22)

Correction for load eccentricity:

h := SCG +

p := h As

t
2

Atr

1
A

p := p

y ptr

( tr)

(6-24)

Beam column with F and transformed geometry

:=

(o + )yptr
( )

:=

M oy ptr

tr
limit state
axtru := R
R F

axu :=

Atr
A

F
Itr

axtru

:=

1
1 + p

RPCSF2 :=

ax
axu

1 + p +

( 1 + p) ( ) 2

R :=

RPCSF2 := CR
RPCSF2

()2
4

1
(6-25)

(1 + p) ( )2

(6-26)

notes_design_process.mcd

c. Mode III tension failure in flange:

To determine intersection at G:

GH :=

GH :=

tr

M oGy ftr

RGHneg :=

(GH)2

5 M oGa

1 + pGH

pGH := p

48EII

1 GH

GH :=

Itr Y

GH

oG :=

Assume value for MoG and iterate

(MoG>Mo; fails in Mode I or II)
y ftr

( tr)

GH :=

(oG + )yftr
( tr)

(6-27)

1 + pGH + GH

(1 + pGH) ( GH)2

1 GH

RGHpos :=

(1 + pGH) ( GH)2

GH
2

(GH)2

1 GH

(1 + pGH) ( GH)2

For Mode II at point G:

p := p

y ptr

( tr)

:=

(oG + )yptr
( tr)

:=

RII :=

Adjust MoG until these are equal:

M oGy ptr
F
Itr

()2

:=

1
1 + p

1 + p +

( 1 + p) ( )

( 1 + p) ( )

axtruck := RGH Y

(6-28)

(6-29)

axtru := RII
F

(6-30)

For line GH:

From Section 16.1 plastic moment:
CP1 :=

Ap Aw Af
2 Ap

g
Zw := Aw(.5HSW + g)

CP2 := ( CP1) CP1 + .5

2

CP2
Zp := AptC

g := CP1tt

ZP := Zf + Zw + Zp

Zf := Af(HSW + g + .5TSF)
M P := YZ
ZP

(6-31)

limit state
auG := Y

Atr
A

R
RGH

au :=

MP Mo
M P M oG

auG

RPCSF3 := C

C
au

(6-32)

notes_design_process.mcd

7. GIRDER BENDING CALCULATIONS

BG :=

B1 + B2

tG :=

HGW := DEPTH TGF

For plate:

Ap := BGttG

LG := 2aa

q := pB
BG
Aw := (DEPTH TGF)TGW
TGW

(7-3)

Af := BGFTGF
TGF AG := Aw + Af

(7-4)

TGF
2

cf := y f .5TGF
TGF

A Aw

+ AfA
Ap
4
3

Aw

tG

C1 :=

I := A( d) C
C1

For combination of plate and girder

(from p287, equation 8.3.6 in text):

Aw

2 + Ap
y f := d
A

(7-5)

Aw

+ Ap

2
y p := d 1
A

cp := .5tG + y p

Considering shear lag (Fig 3.36):

BGe := .75B
BG

(7-2)

A := AG + Ap

For Girder:
d := DEPTH

(7-1)

bulkheads and stanchions)

B1 + B2

Loads: Calculate at girder location, then:

Geometry:

LG = unsupported length (between

B1t1 + B2tt2

Ape := BGettG

Ae Aw

+ AfA
Ape
4
3

Aw
Ae := AG + Ape

C1e :=

LG
M bend := p BG
12

Bending moments:

(7-6)

Ie := Ae( d) C
C1e

2
Ae

M bcen := p BG

LG

(7-7)

12

- GYCF - Girder Yield Compression Flange

ax := C

bx :=

( M bendcf)

x := ax + bx

Ie

RGYCF :=

RGYCF := SR
RGYCF

(7-9)

- GYCP (GYBP) - Girder Yield Compression Plate

- usually much smaller than GYCF and state of stress in plate more complex; we will not use

(7-8)

- GYTF - Panel Yield Tension Flange

ax := T

bx :=

( M bcencf)

x := ax + bx

Ie

- GYTP - Girder Yield Tension Plate ax := T

ay := 0.0psi bx :=

xy := 0.0psi VM :=

.5 x y

( )

+ y

(7-10)

RGYTF := SR
RGYTF

assume
for simplicity: by := 0psi

Ie
2

usually much smaller than GYTF, plate closer to NA

( M bendcp)

RGYTF :=

( )

+ x

+ 3 xy

RGYTP :=

x := ax + bx
VM
Y

y := ay + by
(7-11)

RGYTP := SR
RGYTP

notes_design_process.mcd

8. FRAME BENDING CALCULATIONS

BF := a

LF = unsupported length (between bulkheads, supported girders,

deck edge, turn of bilge, continuous decks)

tF := t

Loads: Calculate at frame panel location, then:

Geometry:

HFW := DEPTH TFF

For plate:

Ap := BFttF

(8-2)

q := pB
BF

Aw := (DEPTH TFF)TFW
TFW

Af := BFFTFF
TFF

AF := Aw + Af

d := DEPTH

TFF
2

A Aw

+ AfA
Ap
4
3

Aw

tG

C1 :=

I := A( d) C
C1

(8-5)

Aw

+ Ap

2
y p := d 1
A

(8-6)

For combination of plate and stiffeners

(from p287, equation 8.3.6 in text):
cf := y f .5TFF
TFF

Aw
2 + Ap
y f := d
A

cp := .5tF + y p

Considering shear lag (Fig 3.36):

Ae Aw

+ AfA
Ape
4
3

Aw
BFe := .75B
BF

Ape := BFettF

Ae := AF + Ape

LF

M bend := p BF
12

C1e :=

M bcen := p BF

LF

2
Ae

by :=

( M bcencf)

S := 1.25
RFYTF :=

by :=

( M bendcf)
Ie

y := ay + by

- FYTP - Frame Yield Tension Plate

ax := C

ay := 0.0psi by :=

xy := 0.0psi

VM :=

( M bendcp)

RFYCF :=

ay := 0.0psi by :=

xy := 0.0psi

VM :=

( M bcencp)

RFYTP :=

RFYCF := SR
RFYCF

(8-10)

y := ay + by

+ y + x + 3 xy

VM
Y

RFYTP := SR
RFYTP

usually much smaller than FYCF, plate closer to NA

assume
for simplicity: bx := 0psi

Ie

.5 x y

(8-11)

)2 + y2 + x2 + 3 xy2

usually much smaller than FYTF, plate closer to NA

- FYCP - Frame Yield Compression Plate

ax := T

(8-9)

- consider when say<0

assume
for simplicity: bx := 0psi x := ax + bx

Ie

.5 x y

RFYTF := SR
RFYTF

- FYCF - Frame Yield Compression Flange

ay := 0psi

(8-7)

(8-8)

12

y := ay + by

Ie

Ie := Ae( d) C
C1e

- FYTF - Frame Yield Tension Flange

ay := 0psi

(8-3)
(8-4)

A := AF + Ap

For Frame:

(8-1)

RFYCP :=

x := ax + bx
VM
Y

y := ay + by
(8-12)

RFYCP := SR
RFYCP

notes_design_process.mcd

9. FRAME COLLAPSE PLASTIC HINGE (FCPH)

flange

From Section 16.1: (can also use Hughes Table 16.1

breadth of plate is "effective breadth

web

Aw := twh
hw
Ap := tpbbpe

Af := tfbbf

C := 1.5

AT := Ap + Aw + Af

plate

(9-1)

if Ap>Aw+Af; i.e. Ap>At/2 => g (distance from top

of plate to PNA) is in plate
Ap Aw Af

g :=

2b
bpe

(9-2a)

centroid of upper half

centroid of lower half

bpegg
tf
hw

+ Aw
+ g + Af g + hw +
2
2
2

y 1 :=
2

y 2 :=

tp g
2

(9-3a)

AT
2

plastic section modulus, if Ap>At/2

ZP1 :=

AT
2

( y 1 + y 2)

(9-4a)

______________________________________________________
if Ap<Aw+Af; i.e. Ap<At/2 => g is is web
g :=

Af + Aw Ap
(9-2b)

2ttw

centroid of upper half

Af hw g +
y 1 :=

tf
2

centroid of lower half

+

tw ( hw g)

Ap g +

y 2 :=

Af + Aw g tw

tp
2

twg
2

(9-3b)

Ap + g tw

plastic section modulus, if Ap<At/2

ZP2 :=

AT
2

( y 1 + y 2)

(9-4b)

Calculate FCPH ---------------------------(9-5)

AT

ZP := if Ap >
, ZP1 , ZP2
2

ZP
M P := YZ

RFCPH :=

M bcen
Mp

RFCPH
RFCPH := CR

10

(9-6)

notes_design_process.mcd

10. COLUMN COLLAPSE BUCKLING (CCB):

d dI
4

Tube Geometry:

I :=

1+

1+

.25 1 +

(10-1)

C := 1.5

4
I

:=

Le

:=

(10-2)

Lcol

:=

:= .002

A :=

Le := .7L
Lcol

Eccentricity Ratio:

d dI
2

64

for a pinned column:

R := .5 1 +

ult := R
R Y

(10-3)

a :=

(10-4)

RCCB := C

ult

11. GIRDER BUCKLING CALCULATIONS

- GCCP1, pinned/center:
Le := L

L := 2aa

:= .0035

R := .5 1 +

1+

( )2

:=

.25 1 +

rc :=
L

1+

o :=

cpA
A

q L cp

:=

rc

:=

(11-1)

column slenderness
parameter:

8 I Y

1
a := C
2

384EII

5 q( L)

ult := R
R Y

:=

Le

RGCCP1 := C

rc :=

.556qL

o :=

A
cpA

R := .5 1 +

1+

q L cp

.25 1 +

Le

:=

24 I
I Y
1+

:=

384EII

:=

Y
E

a
ult
(11-2)

- GCCP2, clamped/center:
Le := .577L
L

:=

Le

o
rc

(11-3)

a := C

ult := R
R Y

RGCCP2 := C

a
ult

- GCCF, clamped/end:
Le := .423L
L

rc :=

I
A
cfA

o :=

.444qL

:=

qL cf

:=

12 I
I Y
2

:=

384EII
Le

:=

Le

o
rc
(11-4)

Y
E

1+
1+
1

R := .5 1 +
.25 1 +

a := C

2
2
2

11

ult := R
R Y

RGCCF := C

a
ult

notes_design_process.mcd