Introduction

The first part of the experiment is concerned

on the determination of coefficient of
velocity from the trajectory of a jet. This part
of the experiment is made up of graphical
method that utilizes the needles on the jet
flow in which the flow pattern of the liquid
water is traced along the trajectory path.
The head in reservoir is also measured for
which trajectory data has been taken. The
horizontal distance and vertical distance is
then measured and used for the calculation
of slope since the aim of these distances is
to calculate the factors that allows the
plotting of a straight line relationship
between coefficient of velocity Cv and the
horizontal distance for the jet. The second
part of experiment 6 is about the
determination of coefficient of discharge
under constant head, which is done by by
measurement of the trajectory of a jet
issuing from an orifice in the side of reservoir
under steady flow conditions (constant
reservoir head). The theory behind this
procedure
was
originated
from
the
application of Bernoulli's Equation which is
based on the conservation of mechanical
energy for a steady, incompressible and
frictionless. The flow the ideal orifice outflow
velocity at the jet vena contracta which has

the narrowest diameter has been derived

using the simple principle and the result is
the equation: (v=squareoot of 2gh) where h
is the height of fluid above the orifice.

Materials Used/Describe the used of

each

The following apparatus were used for the

Bernoullis Theorem Demonstration:
1.Hydraulic Bench - this is a useful apparatus
which can provide a variable supply of
water for the experiment concerning fluid
mechanics and hydraulics.
2.Stopwatch this material is used to get
the time it takes to fill a certain volume of
water and used for the calculation of flow
rate.

3. Orifice & Free Jet Flow Apparatus-consists

of an adjustable head tank with orifices of

different diameters and a jet trajectory
tracer. The orifice is installed at the base of
the tank by means of a special wall fitting
which provides a flush inside surface. The
adjustable head tank is fed with water
from a Hydraulics Bench. The head is
maintained at a constant value by an
adjustable overflow and is indicated by a
level scale. A jet trajectory tracing device
allows the path followed by the jet to be
ascertained.
Objectives

The objective of this experiment is to

determine the coefficient of velocity of two
small orifices.

Conclusion
To summarize, all
experiment, the trajectory of

throughout

the

the steady flow water condition is

being measured all throughout the experiment. The coefficient of discharge
(Cv) is measured through taking the square root of the head (h). On the other
hand, the coefficient of velocity is measured by taking the slope of the yh with
x.

Based on the graph that was formed using

the flow pattern, the horizontal coordinate
increases, the vertical coordinate increases
in the opposite direction. Therefore, when
the horizontal distance increases, the
parameter also increases; hence it is a linear
graph. Jet trajectories for two orifices sizes at
the same head are practically the same.
Height of water level affects the flow rate of
jet trajectories.

Application to Engineering
The field study of fluid mechanics is
indeed essential to engineers, whose main

focus and interest are associated behind the

applications of fluid mechanics to solve
contemporary industrial problems. In the
field of civil engineering, civil engineers may
be interested in designing water related
structures such as irrigation canals, dams,
and water supply systems. When dealing
with irrigation and water supply systems,
there are always consideration with the
concept of conservation of mass and energy
when pertaining to flows of fluid in certain
pipes. The principle behind this experiment
is based on these two concepts of
conservation, in which the Bernoulli's
Theorem
originated.
Water
resources
engineering is a broad field of study but one
thing is for sure when it comes to the
applications used, the simple concept of flow
through an orifice and jet trajectory can be
articulated into a more complex and useful
implementation, especially in design and
construction of the structures.