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09 - Chapter 2 - 10603 - 67750
09 - Chapter 2 - 10603 - 67750
09 - Chapter 2 - 10603 - 67750
SANSKRIT GRAMMAR :
ITS TRADITION
(15)
1. INTRODUCTION :
* and of others
related with his work AstadhvavT of that age are discussed in the
Papinian Section. And the rest, which composed after Paiiini and
flourished even after the existence of the most systematic and scientific
grammar AstadhvavT. are discussed briefly under the Non-Paninian or
Post-Paninian Section.
(16)
(A) BRAHMA:
(B1 BRHASPATI:
(17)
vyakaranarnrtam .'
(D )IN D R A :
F N :(1 )
y e n a k s a r a s a m a m n a y a m a d h ig a m y a
m a h e s v a r a t;
k r ts n a m v y a k a r a n a m p r o k ta m t a s m a i
p a n in a y e n a m a h .'
(19)
(20 )
(E) BHARADVAJA ;
(F) VAYU :
(21 )
|/C
The name of Vaiyaghrapadya, who was the son of Revered
Vasistha, is not found in the grammar of Panini. But we find his name in
(H) G A R G Y A :
(I) G A L A V A :
(i)
iko hrasvonyo
gaiavasya
(ii)
(Ast. 6/3/61)
trtiyadisu bhasitapumskam
pumvad gaiavasya
(Ast. 7/1/74)
(iii)
ad gargya galavayoh
(Ast 7/3/99)
(iv)
nodattasvaritodayamagargya
kasyapagaia variam.
(Ast. 8/4/67)
(J) B H A G U R l:
Bhaguri (about 2000 B.C.), son of Bhagura, was also a great
grammarian. Panini has not described the views of Bhaguri in his book
Astadhvavl Bhaguri elucided Dhatuoatha. related to grammar.
(K) B H A R A D V A JA :
Bharadvaja is the descendant of Respected Bharadvaja.
The grammarian Bharadvaja under discussion was born near about
(24 )
1900 B.C. His views have been illustrated twice in the ancient books
which donot provide us any specific knowledge about his grammar. At
one place in Panini's grammmar, we find the reference of Bharadvaja
as follows
(Ast, 7/2/63)
(L) MADHYANDINI:
M ) PAUSKARASADI:
\
................
'.....
(25 )
(N1 CAKRAVARMANA:
(01 CARAYANA:
The respected Carayana (about 1750 B.C.) wrote a certain
Sanskrit grammar. His father was Carapl. There is a saying that
Carayana had a good stock of blankets, he provided every pupil of his
school with a blanket.
(P) KASAKRTSNA:
*
(Q ) S A N T A N U :
t_
(R) S A K A L Y A :
(Ast. 6/1/127)
(At. 8/3/19)
(27 )
(Ast. 8/4/51)
(Ast. 6.1.27)
(S) APISALl:
Appall (about 1650 B.C.) was a great grammarian. He was
born earlier than Panini because Panini has quoted the opinion of Apisali
<?
(Ast. 6/1/92)
(Ast. 1/2/25)
(Ast. 8/4/67)
OJ) SAKATAYANA:
*
lana sakatayanasyaiya
(Ast. 3/4/11)
(ii)
triprabhrtisu sakajtayanasya
(Ast. 8/4/50)
'
(Ast. 8/6/18)
(V) GAUTAMA:
(Ast. 6/1/123)
(X) V Y A D I:
Vyadi (about 1550 B.C.) was the son of Vyada and his
mother's name is unknown. He has been discussed in the various books
of Sanskrit literature and grammar. It is clear from the old books that
Vyadi had written a book of Sanskrit grammar. But we donot find his
name in Panini's Astadhvavr Sanskrit scholars have ascribed Vyadi as
the author of the book Samqraha. According to Patanjali and Bhartrhari,
the book Samqraha was a grammar in philosophical nature.
(Y) S E N A K A :
Senaka (about 1550 B.C.) was born earlier than Panini.
W e d o n o t fin d his nam e m e n tio n e d in any e a rlie r books.
(3
Only Panini has quoted the opinion of Senaka on one occasion in his
AstadhvavP as follows
(Ast. 5/4/111)
(Z) S A U N A K I:
(31)
(a) Panina
(b) Panini
(d) Salanki
(e) Salaturiya
(f) Ahika.
(32 )
m i$ k :
Each Adhyaya of Panini's Astadhyayfis again sub-divided
into four Padas or sections. Panini has written about four thousand
sGtras in the AstadhvavT. The definition of Sutra is as
(B )
KATYAYANA'S V A R T T IK A S :
(b) Astadhvavf
/
(b) Ganapatha.
(e) Linaanusasana.
(a) Drsta
(b) Prokta
(c) Upajnata
(d) Vyakhyana
(e) Krta.
jfij He doe^fiot become the author of all the matters written and mentioned
therein. He simply purifies the old themes and places them in a
systematic way with rectifications.
(36 )
(a) tenaproktam
(Ast. 4/3/101)
(Ast. 4/3/116)
(37 )
An excellent commentary on the Kasika called KasikaVivarana Paniika or Kasika-nvasa is the work of Jinendrabuddhi. There
is another valuable commentary on the Kasika called the PadamaniarT
by Haradatta.
(R BHATTOJI'S SIDDHANTA-KAUMUPF:
was the pupil of Sesha-Krsna and his date must be about 1630 A.D.
Bhattoji himself wrote a commentary on his Siddhanta-Kaum udr called
( 39 )
Praudha-Manoram.
.......... '9 .................... .... ..... . Besides shorter works such as commentaries on
the Panini's D hatupatha. Linqanusasana. etc. Bhattoji w rote the
t
(\)
BHARTR)HARI'S VAKYAPAD1YA:
(40 )
(A) KATANTRA-VYAKARANA:
41
( )
For the sake of facility, the whole text has classified into
four major se ctio n s:
(a) Sandhi prakarana.
(b) Nama prakarana.
(c) Akhyata prakarana.
(d) Krt-prakarana.
Though there were many short comings in the KatantraVvakarana, its author deserves honour for showing new lines of studing
the most intricate grammar of the World.
(B) CANDRA-VYAKARANA:
(42 )
(D)
SAKATAYANA-VYAKARANA:
j _
(E) SARASVATl-KANTHABHARANA:
(R HAIMASABDANUSASANA:
Adhyaya was agin sub-divided into four padas. The whole system
contained 5502 (Five thousand five hundred two) Sutras. The
Haima-Vvakarana in spite of its comprehensiveness and the most
coveted by the Jainas could not stand in the competition of the Paninian
system and consequently became unpopular among the Sanskrit
scholars.
(G) MUGHABODHA-VYAKARANA:
(H)
SARASVATA-VYAKARANA :
patronised even
by the Muslim
rulers,
(47)
m ----------:-----------------------------------*---SAMKS1PTASARA-VYAKARANA:
/
/
of the Saivas of central part of India. Kramadisvara was a resident of
P u rv a g ra m a and he w a s th e e ld e s t son o f C a k ra p a n i. T he
Samksiptasara-Vvakarana had dealt with the rules of Sanskrit grammar
in 7 Padas, the 8th exclusively being devoted to rules concerning the
Prakrit language only. The total number of Sutras dealing with Sanskrit
grammar is 3859 (Three thousand eight hundred fifty nine) and the 8th
Chapter has 510 (Five hundred ten) Sutras.
(48)
(J) SUPADMA-VYAKARANA :
>
to S a n s k rit g ra m m a tic a l
lite ra tu re .
His
Supadma-Vvakarana
is divided into 5 Chapters and each chapter is
0
again sub-divided into 4 padas, where there are total 2800 (Two
thousand eight hundred) sutras.
(K) PRAYOGARATNAMALA-VYAKARANA:
Pravoqaratnamala-Vvakarana. written by
M aham ohop3dhyya P u ru sottam a VidyavagTsa is a p ro m in en t
Post-Paninian system of Sanskrit grammar.
(49)
and d e s c ip le
o f C h a ita n ya
(1484-1527 A.D.) and the ohter by JivagosvamT, which varies only slightly
from the above. A third Vaispava grammar called Chaitanvamrta is like
wise mentioned by Colebroke.
(50)
Grammar
Author
(i) Prabodha-Candrika
Bhatta Vinayaka.
(iii) Druta-bodha
Bharata Maliika.
(iv) Asu-bodha
(v) Sudhaiilu-bodha
/
(vi) Siahra-bodha
Ramesvara
/
Siva-Prasada.
(vii) Jnamrta
Kasisvara
f
Sesa-Krsna
(viii) Pada-Candrika
** m
(ix) Prakrivarnava
Madana Pancanana.
(x) Pariiata-Vvakarana
RaTnahari
(xi) Drpa-VyaKarana
SannyasT Cidrupasrama
(xii) Guvana-Padamaniarf
Varadaraja Bhatta
(xiii) Pradiba-Vvakarana
Kasinltha.
(xiv) KarikavalF
Ramanarayana.
(XV)
Narahari,
BalSvabodha
etc.
51)