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Mass Transfer Notes
Mass Transfer Notes
Mass Transfer Notes
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Definitions of C, u, J
1. Concentrations
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Note that : v is the local mass rate through a unit cross section placed
perpendicular to the velocity v
This mass average velocity is the local velocity one would measured by a
pitot tube
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3. Diffusion velocities
In flow systems, we are interested in the velocity of
species j with respect to v local mass average velocity
or v* local molar average velocity , rather than with
respect to the stationary coordinates.
There are two diffusion velocities:
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which is the moles of species j transferred per unit time and per unit
area perpendicular to the velocity vj.
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This equation simply states that the diffusive molar flux of species j
is equal to the molar flux minus its contribution in the total flux.
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3. Diffusion coefficient
c. Temperature and pressure dependence
For gases at low density, D increases with
T and decreases with pressure.
For liquids and solids, D increases with
temperature.
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Taking the shell as thin as possible will yield a first order differential
equation in terms of molar flux.
Step 6: Apply the Ficks law
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Boundary conditions
Generally, there are five boundary conditions:
B.C. of the first kind:
Concentration is specified at the boundary
B.C. of the second kind:
Molar flux is specified at the boundary
B.C. of the third kind:
Molar flux into the medium is the same as the flux
through a stagnant film surrounding the medium
B.C. of the fourth kind:
Concentrations and fluxes are continuous across
the interface of two adjoining media.
B.C. of the fifth kind:
Molar flux is equal to the surface reaction
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Physical system
1. Liquid 1 in the tube
2. Gas 2 flowing across the mouth of the tube
3. Gas 2 is nonsoluble in liquid 1
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z1 = z10
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Example:
Species 1: Carbon tetrachloride
Species 2: Air
R = 82.05 cm3-atm/mole/K
Operating conditions
P = 760 mmHg
T = 273 K
Species characteristics
p10 = 33 mmHg
M1 = 154 g/mole
L = 1.59 g/cc
D12 = 0.0636 cm2/sec
Tube height and initial liquid level
z2 = 40 cm
z10 = 25 cm
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Dissolution of a sphere
Sparingly soluble sphere in a surrounding fluid of infinite extent.
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2
dr
D
r
12
Physical constraints
r = R (surface of object);
r ;
C1 = 0
C1 = C10
Concentration distribution
Dissolution rate
C1 =
C1 = C10
N1 = D12
= D12
R
r
dC1
dr
k1
+ k 2 BC 2, k 2 = 0
D12 r
C1 = C10
R
r
C10
R
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C10
N1 = D12
R
To increase the dissolution rate:
1. smaller object
2. larger solubility
3. larger diffusivity
If we define the mass transfer coefficient as:
C10
D12
= kmC10
R
k D
2 = m ; Schmidt
D12
Number
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ASSIGNMENT III
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