SharableContentObjectReferenceModel

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SharableContentObjectReferenceModel(SCORM)isacollectionofstandardsandspecificationsforwebbased
electroniceducationaltechnology(alsocalledelearning).Itdefinescommunicationsbetweenclientsidecontentandahost
system(called"theruntimeenvironment"),whichiscommonlysupportedbyalearningmanagementsystem.SCORM
alsodefineshowcontentmaybepackagedintoatransferableZIPfilecalled"PackageInterchangeFormat."[1]
SCORMisaspecificationoftheAdvancedDistributedLearning(ADL)InitiativefromtheOfficeoftheUnitedStates
SecretaryofDefense.
SCORM2004introducedacomplexideacalledsequencing,whichisasetofrulesthatspecifiestheorderinwhicha
learnermayexperiencecontentobjects.Insimpleterms,theyconstrainalearnertoafixedsetofpathsthroughthetraining
material,permitthelearnerto"bookmark"theirprogresswhentakingbreaks,andassuretheacceptabilityoftestscores
achievedbythelearner.ThestandardusesXML,anditisbasedontheresultsofworkdonebyAICC,IMSGlobal,IEEE,
andAriadne.

Contents
1 Versions
1.1 SCORM1.1
1.2 SCORM1.2
1.3 SCORM2004
1.3.1 SCORM2004editions
1.3.2 SCORM2004specificationbooks
1.4 ExperienceAPI(TinCanAPI)
2 SCORMtimeline
3 Seealso
4 Externallinks
5 References

Versions
SCORM1.1
SCORM1.1isthefirstproductionversion.ItusedaCourseStructureFormatXMLfilebasedontheAICCspecifications
todescribecontentstructure,butlackedarobustpackagingmanifestandsupportformetadata.Quicklyabandonedinfavor
ofSCORM1.2.

SCORM1.2
Thiswasthefirstversionthatwaswidelyused.ItisstillwidelyusedandissupportedbymostLearningManagement
Systems.

SCORM2004
Thisisthecurrentversion.ItisbasedonnewstandardsforAPIandcontentobjecttoruntimeenvironment
communication,withmanyambiguitiesofpreviousversionsresolved.Includesabilitytospecifyadaptivesequencingof
activitiesthatusethecontentobjects.Includesabilitytoshareanduseinformationaboutthesuccessstatusformultiple
learningobjectivesorcompetenciesacrosscontentobjectsandacrosscoursesforthesamelearnerwithinthesamelearning
managementsystem.Amorerobusttestsuitehelpsensuregoodinteroperability.
SCORM2004editions

3rdEdition(October2005)clarificationofvariousconformancerequirementsandoftheinteractionbetween
contentobjectsandtheruntimeenvironmentforsequencingsomenewconformancerequirementstoimprove
interoperability.
4thEditionReleased(March31,2009)morestringentinteroperabilityrequirements,moreflexibledata
persistence[2]
SCORM2004specificationbooks
OverviewintroducesSCORManddescribeshowtheotherbooksrelate
RunTimeEnvironmentdescribesruntimeAPIanddatamodelusedforcommunicationbetweencontentobjects
andlearningmanagementsystems
SequencingandNavigationdescribeshowsequencingbetweenlearningactivitiesisdefinedandinterpreted
ComplianceRequirementsdetailedlistoftheconformancerequirementsthatareverifiedbytheADLSCORM
conformancetestsuite.

ExperienceAPI(TinCanAPI)
TheExperienceAPI(alsoknownasxAPIorTinCanAPI)wasfinalizedtoversion1.0inApril2013.TheExperienceAPI
solvesmanyoftheproblemsinherentwitholderversionsofSCORM.[3]JustlikeSCORM,ADListhestewardofthe
ExperienceAPI.AICCwiththeircmi5plannedtousexAPIastheirtransportstandard,butAICCmembershipdecidedto
dissolvetheorganizationandtransferredcmi5toADL.[4]
TheExperienceAPI(TinCanAPI)isawebservicethatallowssoftwareclientstoreadandwriteexperientialdatainthe
formofstatementobjects.Intheirsimplestform,statementsareintheformofIdidthis,ormoregenerallyactorverb
object.Morecomplexstatementformscanbeused.ThereisalsoabuiltinqueryAPItohelpfilterrecordedstatements,
andastateAPIthatallowsforasortofscratchspaceforconsumingapplications.ExperienceAPIstatementsarestored
inadatastorecalledaLearningRecordStore,whichcanexistonitsownorwithinaLearningManagementSystem.[5]

SCORMtimeline
January1999ExecutiveOrder13111signedtaskingtheDoDtodevelopcommonspecificationsandstandardsfor
elearningacrossbothfederalandprivatesectors
January2000SCORMVersion1.0
January2001SCORMVersion1.1
October2001SCORMVersion1.2
January2004SCORM2004(1stEdition)
July2004SCORM2004(2ndEdition)
June2006DepartmentofDefenseInstruction(DoDI)1322.26RequiringDoDUseofSCORM
October2006SCORM2004(3rdEdition)
March2009SCORM2004(4thEdition)
2009ThefirstthreespecificationbookswereadoptedastechnicalreportsbyISO/IECJTC1/SC36,standard
numberISO/IECTR29163.
October2010ADLawardsaBroadAgencyAnnouncementtoRusticiSoftware(http://scorm.com/)toconduct
researchandcommunityinterviewsinanefforttobeginthecreationofthenextgenerationofSCORM.Thisiscalled
ProjectTinCan.
September2011TheinitialdraftofthenextgenerationofSCORM(namedtheTinCanAPI)isreleased.
June2012.9versionoftheTinCanAPIisreleased.
August2012.95versionoftheTinCanAPIisreleased.
April20131.0.0versionoftheTinCanAPIisreleased,projectnamewaschangedto"ExperienceAPI"orxAPI,
butmanystillrefertoitastheTinCanAPI.

Seealso
Authoringtool
Computeraidedinstruction
Educationaltechnology
LETSI
SLOOPProject
ExperienceAPI

Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://adlnet.gov/adlresearch/scorm/)

References
1."Technical".SCORM.Retrieved20141222.
2."SCORM20044thEditionVersion1.1Overview".SCORM
20044thEditionVersion1.1Overview.Retrieved
3November2016.

3."SCORMProjectTinCan:Phase3Capabilities".
SCORMProjectTinCan:Phase3Capabilities.Rustici
Sofftware.Retrieved27August2012.
4.[1](http://aicc.org/)AICCdissolves,transferscmi5toADL
5."TechOverviewTinCanAPI".TechOverviewTinCan
API.RusticiSoftware.Retrieved27August2012.

3."SCORMProjectTinCan:Phase3Capabilities".

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