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1 What is a dynamic balancing machine?
2 What is dynamic unbalance?
3 What does "balancing" do?
4 What is the dierence between dynamic balancing
(unbalance in two planes) and static balancing (unbalance in one plane) ?
5 Why doesn't the sum of all centrifugal forces add up to zero?
6 How accurately can unbalance be measured?

1What is a dynamic balancing machine?

Dynamic balancing machines measure the size (magnitude) and angle (direction)
of vibration.

There is no limit to the number of products that rotate. Using cars as an

example, they consist of tires, shafts, ywheels, gears, and crankshafts, to
name just a few. In our homes, we have a variety of equipment, including fans,
vacuum cleaners, refrigerator compressors, video heads, DVD and CD systems,
and computer hard drives. It would be impossible to count all the types of
rotating objects and how many exist.

Rotation Generates
Vibration

When these rotating parts or materials rotate, they generate centrifugal forces.
Normally, the sum of these centrifugal forces equals zero, however, if they do
not, that rotating object will generate vibration and noise. Dynamic balancing
machines measure the amount and angle of this vibration.

2What is dynamic unbalance?

Unbalance occurs when the center-of-gravity of a rotating object is not aligned
with its center-of-rotation.

Unbalance is caused when the center of gravity is out of alignment with

the center of rotation. To correct the problem, a weight of mass m
must be attached to the opposite side of the rotating object. Given a
rotor mass M and radius R, the following relationship applies.

Units Used to Express Unbalance

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In Terms of the Mass Eccentricity e

mmmcm

In Terms of Mass m

gmggkg

In Terms of Mass x Radius (mR)

mgmmmgcmgmmgcmkgcm

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3What does "balancing" a rotor mean?

It means to reduce the amount of unbalance.
Unbalance refers to the center-of-gravity of the rotor being out of alignment with its center-of-rotation
(eccentricity). If unbalanced, centrifugal forces will generate vibration and noise during rotation. The world in
which we live is overowing with rotating objects. In most homes, looking around many rooms you can nd air
conditioners, forced air heaters, or fans, and sometimes even dehumidiers, humidiers, or a video, CD or DVD
player under the television. In the bathroom you can nd washing machine, drier, electric razor, n the kitchen
ventilation fans, refrigerators, microwave ovens and in a dierent room a computer and printer. All of these
consumer electronic products include internal rotating parts (motors). Outside the home you see automobiles,
which are a dense concentration of multiple rotating objects, as are trains, ships, and aircraft. In
manufacturing plants, you can nd all types of rotating machinery on a production line. At power plants there
are rotating turbines and generators. If all these items were not balanced properly, our lives would undoubtedly
be extremely noisy. Furthermore, generating vibration and noise consumes energy, meaning energy is being
wasted, which is counterproductive to current eorts to save energy. Not only does vibration waste energy, it
causes bearings to wear more quickly and shortens the operating life of products.
The process of reducing the amount of unbalance in rotating items like these is called balancing.

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4What is the dierence between dynamic balancing (unbalance in two planes) and
static balancing (unbalance in one plane)?
Unbalance created by motion
Dynamic Unbalance
In general, unbalance can occur at any lateral (axial) position along the rotating body and with any magnitude.
This unbalance is a combination of static unbalance and couple unbalance and is called dynamic unbalance. The
couple unbalance component only appears when the object is rotated, so measuring dynamic unbalance
requires rotating the object. Dynamic unbalance must be corrected at two locations in the axial direction
(two-plane correction for two-plane unbalance). Put simply, unbalance apparent when the object is perfectly
still (no rotation) is called static unbalance and unbalance that becomes apparent after an object begins to
rotate is called dynamic imbalance.

Unbalance Present With Static

Static Unbalance
When a rotor is placed on smooth rails, the heavy side will turn to face downward. The unbalance experienced
when an object is static (not moving) is called static unbalance. Static unbalance can be corrected using only
one location (one-plane correction for one-plane unbalance).

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5Why doesn't the sum of all centrifugal forces add up to zero?

The primary cause is an accumulation of error.
There are many factors than can cause dynamic unbalance.
For formed or machined parts, potential causes include:
Variations in the specic weight of materials
Shape is not symmetric with respect to the center axis
Variations in forming, machining or other processes
For part assemblies, potential causes include:
Variations in assembly process
Variations in the mass of individual parts
Variations in placement

6How accurately can unbalance be measured?

In terms of eccentric distance, in the range of thousandths of a micron.
Assuming a cylindrical rotor 50 mm in diameter and weighing
300 grams, for example, model DBM-SGF-03 could measure a
0.6 mg weight attached to the rotor perimeter. In comparison,
one grain of rice weighs about 20 mg. This means it can detect
an unbalance equivalent to 1/33 of a grain of rice on the
surface of a 300 g workpiece roughly the weight of a lled
small-beverage can.

Note: Specications and appearance are subject to change without notice.

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