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CHM142L Lab Report 2
CHM142L Lab Report 2
2
Date of Submission: October 30, 2015
Date of Acceptance: October 30, 2015
ABSTRACT
Solubility of a substance varies with the properties of the solute and solvent present. For solids, most have higher
solubility at high temperatures and low solubility at low temperatures. In choosing the most appropriate solvent, the
solute should also be considered. The solvent should be the one that is able to exclude impurities. Recrystallization
is a method of purifying an impure solid in a solvent which results to an impurity-free product. The experiment aims
for us to be able to choose the right solvent for a given compound that can be used for recrystallization; and to
perform recrystallization techniques in the purification of solid samples. Each solid has a solvent that would be
appropriate for it. Acetanilide is used in recrystallization together with water as a solvent. It is done by boiling,
dissolving, filtering, cooling, and vacuum filtering the mixture. The product has been a pure acetanilide which is free
from impurities.
Keywords solubility, solvent, temperature, recrystallization, impurities, purification
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; sedfreymac@yahoo.com
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph
1. INTRODUCTION
Purification of substances is the physical
separation of the wanted substances from the
unwanted ones. It is a vital process especially in
dealing with sensitive experiments wherein pure
substance is a must-use to have good and accurate
results. In using pure substances, there would not be
any hindrance or alterations in the process as the
substance being used is free from any impurities or
any other unwanted parts or substances. On the other
hand, the use of impure substances is the opposite of
what is with pure substances, as impurities and
unwanted substances will be present and they will
also come along in the experiments which would
probably lead to inaccuracies and interferences in
performing the processes and finding the results.
Given that idea, it is important to know
some methods which can be used in purification of
substances. Some are liquid-liquid extraction where
impurities are removed and wanted products are
recovered by dissolving crude materials in a solvent
were parts of the feed are soluble; centrifugation
where at high speed, light particles revolve using an
electric motor so that the particles which do not settle
at the bottom would finally settle down; and
adsorption where impurities that are soluble are
removed by trapping them on the surface of a solid
material which can now form a strong non-covalent
bond with the impurity which then sticks to it
(Barbour & Burl, 2015). These are just few of the
many more purification methods that there are. Also,
the choice of what method of purification to be used
varies from experiment to experiment as it depends
on the type of substances that one has for a solute and
a solvent.
For the experiment, the method that we have
used is recrystallization. Here, a solution will be
created by having an impure solid compound
dissolved in a solvent. Filtration will then be done
and as the solution cools down, the compound will
now crystallize from the solution. As this happens,
the molecules of the unwanted parts of the original
1
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
Materials Used. Buchner funnel, Thomas-Hoover
melting apparatus, hot plate, stemless funnel, funnel
support, micro test tubes, test tube rack, Erlenmeyer
flask, beaker, capillary tubes, oven
Reagents Used. Acetamide, acetanilide, aspirin,
benzene, benzoic acid, crude acetanilide, distilled
water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, naphthalene, sucrose
Choosing Appropriate Solvent. 0.10 g of the solute
to be used is put on a micro test tube. It will then be
dissolved in 2 mL of the solvent. If the solute does
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; ishy.gavino@yahoo.com.ph
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; ishy.gavino@yahoo.com.ph
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph
Solvent
Aspirin
Water
Ethanol
Benzene
Ethyl Acetate
Cold
Insoluble
Soluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Hot
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
in different
Hot
Insoluble
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
in different
Hot
Insoluble
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; ishy.gavino@yahoo.com.ph
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph
4. CONCLUSION
In the experiment, we have dealt with the
determination of the appropriate solvents for given
solutes. It can be said that in choosing for the most
appropriate solvent, we should also consider the
properties of the solutes and solvents as they will also
play a part in deciding which to use. Like dissolves
like principle could help in the determination. Polar
substances would dissolve polar substance; nonpolar
substances would dissolve nonpolar substances. An
appropriate solvent is the one that could exclude all
unwanted impurities while still able to retain the
wanted parts of the original substance.
For the recrystallization, we should take into
account the solvent that would dissolve in high
temperature so that none of it would crystallize
immediately, and also the one that does not have
much effect when the temperature is low. In this case
of crude acetanilide, water is used. This is so the
solution would require more heat to be dissolved, and
would simply crystallize when subjected to low
temperature. In terms of practical works, when
pouring the dissolve mixture in the filter paper, it
should be done very fast so that it would not
crystallize immediately when it experience loss of
heat.
6.
Baluyot, J. Y., & De Castro, K. A. (n.d.).
Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Manual for Chemical
Engineering Students Part 1.
Barbour, P., & Burl, J. (2015, August
31). Recrystallization. Retrieved
from Organic Chemistry at CU
Border:
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Tec
hnique/Procedures/Crystallizatio
n/Crystallization.html
Petrucci, Harwood, Herring, & Madura.
(2007). General Chemistry:
Principles & Modern
Applications, Ninth Edition.
Pearson Education, Inc.
Yoder, C. (2015). Chemistry. Retrieved
from Wired Chemist:
http://www.wiredchemist.com/c
hemistry/instructional/laborator
y-tutorials/recrystallization
7. SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Table 7. Data on Recrystallization of Impure
Acetanilide
Weight of crude acetanilide
(g)
Weight of filter paper +
crystals (g)
Weight of Filter Paper
(g)
Weight of pure acetanilide
(g)
Volume of water used
(mL)
Melting point of pure
acetanilide (C)
% recovery
3.51
2.32
1.11
1.21
90
113
34.57%
5. REFERENCES
1
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; ishy.gavino@yahoo.com.ph
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; ishy.gavino@yahoo.com.ph
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph
Student, CHM142L/B21, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of
Technology; ishy.gavino@yahoo.com.ph
2
Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology;
kadecastro@mapua.edu.ph