Professional Documents
Culture Documents
البنية والدلالة في النص الفني
البنية والدلالة في النص الفني
!" #
$%
#$%& ! "
<"=- " ;& 89: !
" .651 !4
23) %*&1 0" /
-.(
,
%*&+ '()
O9> %N M
;
!L JK /9I H0 G
@ E4F D4> ) C:1 9
AB ?@ <"!>!)
.
;+ (X '() >
4
C(W / "(Structure)
" " />l" >![ #
-& 0 k. /j_4&6
" j_4&F
iW"
43Z '() r s b
t u>
(\; D-B #
&@ /q
]9\ >! q[
5W G .
;p
o[4B ;
=n T
!$ !W /2!>!) &E @ O
y_3
wxF
=.W" HE0" .O
[ v ?@ 3
|" T
{Z
O=-
9I zN '() !): _) :4 _W ]
_43[I
"1 g& y= =\+ _-&+ [" [4E
_-&1 q[ E} $6) 9
AB '() !):" /#$%&
.T
[ (
$6) ) 9@ 9
AB '() /D
0+ 0" /!): 0 k. .)_3
) =
> !$ w: <"; <P
=EW ?@ ;4: &E I (B ~ <. 1 =E& F
&1 ,
#() "!B Z" /!B D(
H0 =EW #[ D3
4> Z /w@ G Wn (f F A 94\
D]=uB <. 1" _
: F /H ^ G 5 F #B.
o_ ZI x )3 #4&
"!
&9 bb !
> (>(&I"
3&=
"
[=
) B[4 G 0!_4& 2;) M
.(
?@
y_3
^b(
!>!x <P
#WN1 <[ E/<@ &94\ . -: .5]=
=$ #[ ;]
(1973: 3&=
?@ D]=B)T
[ 4 '()
5\ ;_4) /(*> OH
8NZ G
10
4
& G <E> <1 <"; /6 (1999 : 3&=
?@ D]=B )(Smiosphre)"y_3
jY
" &"
.#B>=-& _| " 9
AB !B
'bZ 31 !$ /7J51
0 M
+ >
( ?@ 3
<1 6W
%3
'() g "
E >![" D34> O
#0x ] OH
0" / A$ 1 P(
y_3
.8"y_3
jY
" _c
#B6(h o (]" \ E*[
#> 0" /
#4(y
(Codes de
3B ;
!B DW G 09"; 9@ 6\ " >
(B 9_K4: ""
0" "(Points de vue)=-
]"" ;
!B" /
2j=$ >43 ;
!B {
& W" /lart)
11
29
E >; o44[ /(>"B >
(B
!>!] (Tartu)9B :9! H 6B <P
8B1 !) !.
" 6>![ _W /(1914R1839)9[
.(Biotexte)
& 0
:(
) '1
/
[
! G BE
<. 1 &!]"
<
EB
E@ G =-(
(4& "
4Z
4A[ WK
" (26 /T
[ )"=.EB W ) x& E( " #4A[
q[ A>
H0 !) 6> e.$4
< #
E
.
WK
<3&I 2 9"=N !@
!
)u . " .
(
A
BE
09`1 _
&@" /<3&
29"=N !B g3
4E(
::+ 2=E
<. + /,*
!>! !.
" !
>
" F e .
)_4] #
4 :9;"
[ ^b[
G #K>!
i%4(
#4
([[
" /J >![ F !y[
&3&I '() ;B A z
#.
B -4&F
g
#
4
E
!B =K+ w]
0" /
&3&I W=Z w]" #]" '()
. (29) T
[)".![ Y
4B
" .2=E
[
[ AB
<[ < e
Z y3 . q[ z[=
z .
"
T
#
@ oX _
&@" /^b
[ w!" !43Z _(E(
i
Y
Z[
;+
E> 0
< !W #
]Z ,*
1 .2!)
D
_uB k. /
^ G :+ ]u #
&1 , / _)
_W64\ w]"" _*B w]" 0 /
[ 4$6)"
(
[" G
^b
e" / 2=E
F
[ i4B
>&`
W .
94)F o>=*4
0 9
A4
j[ G #() F!4:F .
"1"
#
&1 <P
=>
e5" G
>&K
[ ;AZ _W .
"1
%
(
#W !
uB OH
{Z[
%
(
_4:" {
Ab4> !$ zW "<3.(
[ &9 O
12
13
29
G E
" /.(4Z 0
<E> ^) '1 1 :?@ 1 :
(B G /"
WK
" (1) gh N"
&1
(4 <EB $6
wH0
F;
E
@ =B4
(54
E*
H0 <E> !$ [ ( 1) :E
F; ('1 1) :E 34E>
/$
&3&I (1) (y gh N"" /wH0 ![I
(_) (5"
" .
WK
+[ = + i.(B
;"! G) E_Z !
0 <E> !$ ('1 1) :E" /H
54
<. 1 63W
.(
$
[=4
DW ?@ ;4: 5A
#4A[
?@ =-
E /54(
9
A4
H0 K 9@ G
'() !): !$
5A (B 9;@" .2;
!4 Fn '() #$6[ _3> 0" /w9"![ A
w!) (
[ ;AZ" .&~ ;!4Z #]
'() Z 9_K4:[ _3> (
e>=B !>!h
< @" .(35R34 /T
[ )".A E*[ 2!
Y .
;1 _43> 5B -& . "
9`" <. W /5A -4& _-4
" /A 5B (:"
<" /
H = +
g( !$" (31 /T
[) ".5A& 4uB <1 E /(
(B G 54
W1 O1 /H
(37 /T
[ )#B e.
Z #
@ 91 0" /4E
_3$ "=+ wH0
(
!3u& <1
A> ] M
(B 0 Z '() 4F G
4&F (=Z !
B"
#
&W /i: _W #
0&!:1 M
F!
[
<E> <1"
5 <W .
%
(
[
<1 T> "
#
<E> <1" .#4
/
)_~ 54
w]" ]" #4A[ ;p
<E> <1
>!
(X ^
. [ '
34
/!
(B e
4
!)
" /.
!
!
Y )_n #
<E>
eEW /
%
(
" ;+ q[ 4 (5
+
P
E
(51 /T
[) ". (Z
=`+ 4r M
(B (...
3&=W "1
[=) "1
>(&)
%
(
" ";+
" :<4(
e
4B
<. 1" _()
%
(
_N
"
[(:1 B= ";+
" 94) E 0"
;+
f9B ;1 :9; !) =43B M
F!
C
3
H0 G <P
wK> OH
EI
14
;1
G
!
"
%
(
G
!
q[ &9Z[
$6) q>43Z > q[ !]B @ /4
" <_YZ t>43 '()
[ W64\ [ _W e(4"
;"! e(4 6W .O(
G = +
'() C
" .
f9B oNB" /;4 64:
G
!
oYf F" (52 /T
[)".#B
!
=
4> _
&@" /3bW yF!
q[
H0 K .A*B >1 o[ " 0 _
&@" /B" oNB %
O(
!
#
oYf Z
(X o443: _(E
<W n '() #%B . <@ /
A*4
<
G
>![ "!> OH
;4)F
4
q[
4
'() _y
$6
@! 3 e.
4B
&>+ .
;+W .
::+ ]44:F
15
29
B=B
43 G
3& =A) O
1
%
(
G
3
=5
<. [ =4)F !1 /<= 1 O1=
H0 K ) 4> !$"
<. 1 /D
0+ 0" /_&`" .
F; !" ?@
=4
"
. F!
q[ [4
H
$6
W .
!
Z w} H
[
wH0 G
.
;1
_Y4> M
"Z yF!
. " /_4E
; 0
:
_YB $6) AB
!
"
q[
'() _
o> /HE0" .
!
=5) B= ?@ AZ
.<" 0 .= A <_Y !>=W 6
; #4A[
9> F #
&W /#.=B ^ !" 6
; .K #
&1 o " /&` &
E
([[
4
H
.
?@ #y_4&[" /(3(3B" #4.
;1 -4&[
& 0 .
A& #&
M
2=0-
B H
[ 0" . _)
. 3(
-
#[
_4> 0" /.
;1 c _( ?@ 3&F
E[ .
;1 ?@ D3> (4 (Codes)3B #()
@ !
x"
D3B
ABF
64\"
. 3(
G .
;+ AB
<[ Y4B 2=E
wH0 X=B" .(4
3(
G
E
/qA
6 G 2;]
3
$6
W .T
;+
G .
;+ q[
/
;+
G =4B _[ /
%\ 3(3B iW" B
/
%
(
'() C
:4> < <@" _(E
W <. 1 %Z >l G T> 0" .
:"=
' !
[ #
.5AZ #4
?@ J
b
F. @
> F #
&W
.*4 ,
E
" >Y4 2;
!4
0 _
&@" /2!" !
G
g3
"
H
F!
b*
[ A
4 = 1 #.(
" .2;
!4 j=$ 4B !
43 '()" 0 k.
WK =K+" /;A4$ =K+ (:
"
} .
[ w;1 E F 0" /
'() #B9!$ .1 2;
!4 =\1 T
16
:
*
+
,- '2
Y$ $6%&
3Z <P
=%>" /3B ;
!4[
%
(
W6\ /
_4B"
>"B w]" 64\ !
> !$ " .2 #_W !)" #_W q[ (5
W3Z <. 1
DW
<E[
x M
0 H
[
5 (B" .(
>Y
5 T
G !43>" .
9;I #B6
0 iW>" 4 M
(Z #b_W 9
o e>YB $6) G \!>
#
@ '4& ?@ (
5\
)
>&K
%_
_-&+"
%
(
q[ O=0~ =
<[
/(D.(E4Z #() i(1") e
4(
>b
!)
q[ AW _ /
&3(
#K G <3]
/(1982R1896)<3] #
@ '4& ?@
[ #
&1 <P
=>" .(o 3
"1) (b4
!)$"
q[ i
4
" .9
: 0
((h :" /13BE
: 0
B T
W : ) ^>! E
.
54
!B 2
! e*E> q3
o BE
: o4> <1 ?@ 54
(_) 4h / _)
54
D
4> E(W
1 .
4 M
%
(
9
D> < /
::+ =5
(X G 9
:
5B TW q4
"1 ( #W ! OH
| .K_4:
&W o4B F M
q3
=1
?@
3Z wH0 (h G <P
!43>" .9
?@ BE
(Z 4& !) =\1 E[
(Andre Nikolaevich "9,Z
= ,
& G 2;
!
)>@
[%\ )_|
6)I $%
DB o$" ]=43Z y4
;_4)[" .
:"=
"=(
::1
0" .
N"=
E+ q Y :9!
0 " (Z
>=-& 3B o$"
H[" . &"
A
4>" /
>=*
(
G (Entropie)"$%
9A$ $" G "9,Z
>=-& =
17
29
G $%
9A$ O
;>" /+ y G -&6
9! $ G .K_4>" /z_
Entropie
/(H)
G $%
9A$ <. 1 "9,Z => ]" . (Z G
F!
eN ?@
:9
:q4
:$ qB!" e.
4>
G
> _$ ( ^
. [ '() (
29!$ '() F. ; (h1) =
<EW /
> bR1
.
! O
&
3[ E
(Z ^
. [ '() (
29!$ '() F. ; (h2) =
<E>" /(
(Souplesse)&"= R2
)%5F (
. " .
>=*
(Z 9!A 0 (h2)<EB 0!)" .?"p
> =\1
(h2) 3& W <EB /;=4
eB <E @ W 4> M
" /$!
(
G !43Z
.=*(
2
; <EB <+ (AB F
H
/h2=0 :=A(
>"3
$ /O
=*
=*
%W
o$" (Z '() 29;
j]+ O
1 =>!4[" .
[(:+"
_Z >Z" W
" /8>I
F <&$ ,5 "9,Z 8%4: / ()c[ #
=4
=4$ 0" ;"! (B _N #64:
<1 O1 /
G Entropiec
::1 &
E `6` q[ "9,Z
" . h
.(
&3
( .K !4)F
eN")
! O
".=5 %3B !
> (...) <_Y A
E_Z (Variante)y!
!+ 94\[ O=*
8![I
43 G Entropiec[
5r1" /E*
H =)*
8![1 @ 295 G" /#
&+ (61 :<P
)
18
!1 #4A[
'.(4>
#
&1 /9
G
=.`>
+ oX G" #
&W (h2)(
&"=
W #
&1 :1 '()
'.(4> 9
W .9
=E4> F OH
!"+
0 _
&@" E_Z A
9
A4
H0 'Y4" .e(4
& G
> _$
] #3& G ! 9$ " .
! O
(
:$ (
&"= G Entropie $ 4
[ A>" .=K& u> <1 E = (
(:" C
"
=
G Entropie :4
;Z
b4B" /AZ O=*
<_YZ 8
B G Entropiec
G Entropie +
! O
& G
> _$ ( ^
. [ '() (
29!$ G Entropie
H = h1= h1 :_$
#[ !
"" <P
#=4$ OH
!>!~
.!" >=$ G _n;"
/ _)
8![I
(_
>[ () =4
2!>!~
;Z wH0 <P
=
3>"
/(
&"= 3 '() w=EW {[" (
F!
b*
l@ G ,"1 !$ B <. 1 =4W
_( >B G
>= i(% #
BE
<. 1" _() /=E
) 4(
W;=Z (X 94\"
=-& ]" (4 "!> = +
E
.
F; #
;> =\ D3[
D3$ '
4 "1 / =\[
{Z[ 3
H0 G
=5) G
=A4
<. 1 _ .(62 :<P
)"6K ,1 _( _( H
F /
H
.!>!] &_Y _: #
E
" /
19
h1+ h2
29
(
94Z >!
0
&1
8!Z $6) g
"B M
+ (X w!.B 9
A4
H0 <. @ .<_Y
&1 '()
.(4Z )=> #)![@ G 0 [ /#B CEB 2= #
A& e
Z gb> F wH0 W .#
A[
/9" \!
q[ 9 $6) BE
T>
[ .(4
(_[ ;AZ % #
@ #
]4> OH
"=-
T> <1 ]" [
H
] .#_W" =`+ ) G =F " 9(
qEP #W
G"
16
".\; #W
_YZ $+" W+[ .W
84_4:F G 8=*> !)
" /BE
o$
8![@ [
E
(Z ^
. [ '() 9!$ "1 (
&"= ) (h2) ?@ (
! O
& G
> _$
<E> 6W /h1 h2 :4
>&F
?@ =& <1 E" .(?"p
> =\1 3[
!$ #[ '.%4> = " .(B :
N
wH0 G 9
?@ 3
[ _) 3(
<_Y
.
>= [5 #]>
D
01 0
/9
" 8!Z q[ 9";+ ;B
&E @ <P
#
@ 91 ?@ ;4:"
W;=4Z
b4B" /0
W;= <EB <1 E _( . EW / _) T
"1 O=*
n G
e.
B !$ M
E_Z oNZ (X e.
4> !* eA> F =)*
<. + .(Antonymes);!N1
F 4
[" .#B;=[ w(_W w=:[ <E
1 0 A> !*Z
<. @ [ /<E
4.( G
H
2!>!] [
=\1 >" ) 5A& e.
Z 0=4f M
y!
[ <EB
E
=4Z !>!~ E*
" /&E(
(_4L A
" bY>
;+
{ j[ G w9"![
G q(4Z "(Grammaire de lauditeur)o 3
"" "(Grammaire du locuteur)D.(E4Z "
2
20
0" /H = h + h :
N" G 9
<E> <1" /H = h + h :
N" G BE
<E> <1R2
H\& <1 E" /e.KE ^
. [ 2=4W
> J6\" / 29Y G
90; 2=4W CEB
N"
G .H 2 0" .=) <E> <1 E D.(E4 . EW /
(0~ =A
) ([
'() FK
.
. _~ ! 9
2
wH0 G .H = h + h1:
N" G 9
<E> <1" /H = h + h :
N" G BE
<E> <1R3
G" .
$" e5" '() B `!1 9
?@
!W e.
Z '() >=4
&~ (>
N
C] BE
bW .9
%4> <1 (Littrature de fait)"! ;1"c
E "=-
wH0
.
(:
5\ AB" (Les essais)"F"L"
1
wH0 G / H = h + h :
N" G 9
<E>" /H = h + h :
N" G BE
<E>R4
9
1 .
$" !+ ;=: "1 /* `" w=`1 BE
!
W .o$Z 9
" BE
;4>
H\& <1 E") /*
N" '()
> EB9[ 0!) uW /4
X W` #
<E4W
5+ G 0" /29"| y
'() _0 #B;$""6J !>[" >E
'() FK
(.
W _b( ?@
. _~ C
[ g
h *
N"
M
2=-
!~ ::1 o$
G
!B 0! ![1 ?@ oW!
o$" M
N
wH0
O
1
E
/9
-& ) e(4f BE
-W .;+
& . EW
H
.5+
4r M
%
.(
_Z | o
*4: #
&1 O1 /(H2)" (H1) q[
>=-& o_: #
&+
.
W6
H[
_4W /0=:[
2
21
29
W /
.2!
$6
2=EW g)!B -& \;
"4[" .
>;+ $6
(B ) B
3y=
)
4 $6[" /E}
N=4W 0
B[ &"= 'bN1 (Avoir du sens)"{ 34" _W
[
9!uB" /29[
E
/
F; E .K 9
wH0 !" . " /!:+ "J"" /9L "
!
"1 [Z =%
/K
K
" &K
[ F. @ ?"+ B F ^ /9]" !
= '() _y$" (\!4 E*
(B
G yW
E >; .E /5A\ _3
"1
(E*4
. =-& ]" <. + /*
#)
%
I o$
G .E 0"
22
;
!4 jYW ?@ ;+
b4>" /.
;+ Z) 9
P <1 l *
!"
0 =-
]" G ;
!4
W .#
"> <1 9(
E 0xF (B 8
B ?@ ;4:" /0xF
20
.
6>"B ;
!B
)"=* <[ %Z >l G E
Lotman : La Structure du texte artistique, (traduit du russe par Anne Fournier, Bernard : 1
Kreise, ve Malleret et Jolle Yong, sous la direction d'Henri Meschonnic...), Paris : Gallimard, 1973
(Original : 1970), p.91.
.90-89 %& (' *+ ,-* + /
* 0 1+0 2" ""! 2
.92 %& (' 3
.93 %& (' 4
* 567 8 9: 20 "<=@ ?&> A( BC5 %D: " E ?0 H 2" , BD&J 20 K 7 N "OH5 5
> 5A " B"A Q 9 >(H7 >
D*"& * SU S"! V"W BA(0 VS <"@ :B( >5+ B"D""R Q@ JS0 :8
S7 S0[ 6 9( J]?" " K5 B"?"\ "& BRS [ 7" ?0 1989 %Y0 1
B76A " >RW "!R '0 HY0 b ?"\ "& Q@ JS0 B?K - BC5 Q 0`A B H 2_
.344-317: .1987 h"< S " : .1986?
(Lotman Jurij 1990. Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of > : 9H /* O 1i 6
Culture. (Translated by Ann Shukman, introduction by Umberto Eco.) London & New York: I. B.
J B"&+ Q 9H( SA lAW > , H= 20 K=@ ?&> Y7 Tauris & Co Ltd. xiii+288 p.)
La smiosphre, Trad. Anka Ledenenko, Collection nouveaux actes smiotiques, :J H=@ b
Presses Universitaire de Limoges (PULIM) 1999.
(1970 -1913 )0S E "R 1( 20 BUJ B+6 +HR= 7 SW
Q bm n O S"+ 20 95A 7
@A+ _ 0 B5:+ O 2" %"?r Q H7 O& m 5& [ S7 1@
A _"+ 20 B5( q[U
0 2"<H0 *S B"5: B5KH0 B"&m' DW = O nH0 B H B"A_ u<6 0 :R 9" E
.9*: NY= B"5A BRS q5xH
ANDREWS Edna : Lotman's communication act and :1Kr y S l [0 8
semiosis , Semiotica, 1999, vol. 126, no1-4, pp. 1-15 (14 rf.)
La smiosphre, p.9. 9
La smiosphre, Op. cit, p.15 10
Lotman (1981) : The text : .{&*< r
5",zH 15U S"+7 H /
B5 Q*A0 9 [ 7 SW 0 11
within the text , translation : Jerry Leo, Amy Mandelker, in : Publication Of Modern Language
Association (P.M.L.A.) vol. 109, N3, (May, 1994), p.p. 377-384 (Ref. 384).
Dans un texte artistique, il se produit une smantisation des lments extra-smantiques 12
(syntaxiques) de la langue naturelle (Lotman, 53)
m" :S: W VJ V7E S*: 1x<_ S: ? 20 B5( Q5: "nA U* Sr0 9*" 0 S [ Q5: q= 2*R ? 7 13
."& _ ? 8 6? 8 7 ? ` qR*7 0 Q5: 6HW8 9" 6HW8 ? B"WS6
2002 123-122 S: UA A= + :"` =`A
- ,- S A7 @ :9<[6 Sm BW`:" : )
.46 :} 0 51-46..
L'entropie mtrique, ou entropie de "_A r 6? "B7* E > R@ 6 14
O r 6? B"<&* 1+0 20 SH&0 ~&"*R E \ Kolmogorov
. Claude Elwood Shannon, (1913-2001) Y B0 5A B7 1i
l"< "O (La rythmique des pomes de Majakovskij)"=& 70 SD6W B":?7 "Q5: `K0 @CHb 9 20 15
.(Le vers tonique dans la posie russe contemporaine)"UA R AY
?
.49-48 "` =`A
- ,- S A7 @ :9<[6 Sm BW`:" :"nA U Sr0 16
.49 :%& (' 17
Yury Lotman : Point of view in a text , trans. L.M.OToole, in : New Letterary : 18
History, vol.6, N.2, On Narrative and Narratives, 1975, p.p. 339,352. (Ref.340)
(. )n~ B<H=0 b Sr0 r0 %"?r n:m@ D8( n 2: *? 0 B"1R 2 \- l"< O 19
.425
.352 :%& (' 20
23