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Sequence Impedances of Overhead Transmission Lines PDF
Sequence Impedances of Overhead Transmission Lines PDF
LZabc]
p/f
Zba Zbb
bc
[A ]=
a2
(5)
(6)
a2
Therefore, the sequence impedance matrix of an
untransposed line can be calculated using Eqn. (6) and
expressed as
4z 02
LZ20 z21 z 22
00z
De =2160
ac
METHODOLOGY
equation:
ab
aa
cI=
(1)
zZm
Z. Z,
zm(8)
Zm Zs
298
ip,
Ip2
_[Z_
E2
are:
( 12)
whereZ=Z2 =Z ZandZ=Z + 2Z
(13)
1Zca Zcb
[Zabcdef IZ
Z=
Zda Zdb
r
Vb Vb
Vc
=Z
ea
ga
hb
gb
cc
gc
0
Z
z z z z z z
(14)
zag
F'1bL
|
1
LE2
g_9 -
YDI!PIC+YDI
(23)
Equ ns:
equations:
Zig = ZgV= [rd +j 0.1011 In (De/Dig)]
(16)
from
Eqn. (6), where [Zabc] is replaced by [Zpeq]
L:Z
c. D
For transposed line, the matrix Zac is formulated as
where the submatrices [ZA], [ZB], [Zc] and [ZD] are
before
in section
o
7 a 2.1.2 and the procedure is repeated to
specified in the partitioned matrix [Zabcg] in Eqn. (15).
_
obtain Z Zii and Z2
Therefore after the reduction,
[Vabe] =[Zabe] ['abc]
(19)
Sequence impedances of double-circuit untranwhere,
] [ZA][a [Z][Z' [ZC]
(20)
Therefore, the sequence impedance matrix [Z012] can be
sposed lines with overhead ground wires
found from Eqn. (6).
If overhead ground wires (one or more) are added to the
For transposed line, the matrix [z] is formulated as
double circuit, the procedure in section 2.1.3 is followed
to build the series impedance matrix of (6+N) x (6+N),
beforeinsetion
12ndth procdure isrepeatedt
before in section 2.1.2 and the procedure is repeated to
where N is the number of ground wires. This impedance
obtain Z0, Z and Z2*
matrix is partitioned and reduced using Kron reduction
technique to obtain the 6 x 6 matrix [Zabcdef]. Eqn. (26)
Sequence impedances of double-circuit untransposed
is used to find [Zpeq].
lines
The corresponding sequence impedance matrices of the
If two parallel three-phase are close together, either on
double-circuit lines are computed in the same manner as
the same tower or on the same right-of-way, there are
for the single-circuit using Eqn. (6), where [Zabc] is
mutual inductive and capacitive couplings between the
replaced by [Zpeq].
two circuits. When calculating the equivalent series
For transposed line, the matrix [Zabc] iS formulated as
an shn aditac marcs
before in section 2.1.2 and the procedure iS repeated to
couplings should not be neglected unless the spacing
obtainz0 7 andy
i
between the circuits is large.
2
Consider the double-circuit line as shown in Figure 1.
Since both are connected in parallel, they have the same
[Zab=
impedance~~~~~~~
.hs
299
matrices.
The corresponding sequence matrix of the doublecircuit line is computed in the same manner as for the
single-circuit line using Eqn. (6), where [Zabc] is
replaced by [Zpeq] For transposed line, the matrix [Z] iS fornulated as
before in section 2.1.2 and the procedure is repeated to
obtain ZZ- and Z2 .
Sequence impedances of double-circuit untransposed
lines with ground wires
If the number of ground wires is N, the matrix to be
formulated is (12+2N) x (12+2N) with partitions [ZA],
[ZB], [Zc] and [ZD] as 6 x 6, 6 x (6+2N), (6+2N) x 6 and
(6+2N) x (6+2N) matrices, respectively. The matrices
[Zabcdef] and [Zpeq] are determined as described in section
2.2.3. Subsequently, the sequence impedance matrix is
determined using Eqn. (6).
For transposed line, the matrix [Zb ] is formulated as
before in section 2.1.2 and the procedure is repeated to
z
obtains,oIz andy.
300
=Le+Lph=j2Y
KL11r(2 +1.l09 H
f
+-.09H
(34)
(4
Zo =0.4840+j 1.7692
Q./mile.
= Z 0.2595 +j 0.8113
Q0/mile.
ZI
According to modified Carson's method:
Q/mile.
Zo = 0.5863 +j 1.9013
LYykr')2i
Where h is the conductor height above ground plane in
cm, r' = r.e' /4 and r is the radius of the phase conductor.
ZI = Z2 = 0.2592 +j 0.6767
Q/mile.
For
the
of
add
Example 3.
example Figure 2, a second
The following is an example to compare between
wire
at
the
same
level of the first ground wire
ground
original Carson, modified Carson and Rudenberg
but
18
ft
from
it.
The conductors and ground
spaced
methods.
wire have individual GMR = 0.0278 ft and ra= rg
A single conductor of radius r = 0.4 cm at height h = 10
0.259 Q/mile at 50 Hz. Calculate the zero- and positivem above the ground plane. Calculate the inductance of
sequence impedances.
the conductor and its ground return. Consider ground
resistivity
100 Q.m andf~ 50 Hz According to Carson's method:
= 5 0 Hz
resistivity p = I100 Q.m andf
Z Z0=0.4406
/ie
.46+j141
j 1.44 17Q/ie
=
=
According to Carson's method: The inductance per
0.2608
0.8076
+j
Q/mile.
Z2
ZI
phase is
According to modified Carson's method:
L 0.7411 log D = 6.582 mH/mile = 4.091 mH/km
Q/mile.
Zo = 0.4976 + j 1.3749
r'
Q/mile.
ZI = Z2 = 0.2606 + j 0.6735
According to modified Carson's method: The inductance per phase is
Example 4. Consider double-circuits of three-phase
lines on a single tower as shown in Figure 3. The
L 0.7411 log D)2= 8.0573 mH/mile = 5.0076mH/km
conductors GMR = 0.0278 ft, with a resistance of 0.259
r,2
According to Rudenberg method: The inductance per
Q/mile at 50 Hz. Calculate the zero- and positivephase is
sequence impedances. Compare the obtained results
L = Le+ Lph= 0.858 + 1.7148 = 2.5728 mH/km.
with those for the case of considering the line as
equivalent to two parallel circuits.
As the discrepancy between Carson and Rudenberg
a,
methods is significant, the following examples are
91 0a2
9
aimed to compare between original Carson method and
i
its modified version.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
8'
bi
04- 12'
4- 12'
-0
b2
8'
C1C
92
Q/mile.
0.1295
0.3691
Q/mile.
ZI Z2
+j
According to modified Carson's method:
Q/mile.
Zo = 0.1692 + j 3.8174
Q/mile.
ZI = Z2 = 0.1295 +j 0.3076
For the case of considering the line as equivalent to two
Example 2. The circuit is shown in Figure 2 for singleparallel circuits, the results are:
circuit three-phase line with one ground wire. The
According to Carson's method:
conductors and ground wire are 397000 CCM ACSR
Q/mile.
Zo = 0.2486 + j 1.39175
(30x7) with a GMR = 0.0278 ft. ra= rg 0.259 Q/mile
Z1 = Z2 = 0.1295 +j 0.3601
Q/mile.
at 50 Hz. Calculate the zero- and positive-sequence
According to modified Carson's method:
impedances.
Z0=0.1693 j 2.3 191
Q
./mile.
Z1 = Z2 = ~~~~~~~~~0. 1295 j 0.300 1 Q ./mile.
is quit clear that Z1 (= Z2) iS almost the same for the
line whatever it is treated
as a double-circuit line or two
28.8' 28 8' 1
/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~single-circuits in parallel. However, Zo for the doubleO 18'
circuit line is different from Z0 of the line when treated
9' -*0
Figure 2 Single-circuit line with one ground wire.
as two single-circuits in parallel.
=
~~~~~~~~It
O0
301
-i-51
g1
o04- 12'
a,
12'
92
Qo
a2
04 9a
~ 9, *0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8'
bi
Q0-
12'
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. M. AbdelSalam of Assiut University for his interest in this
research work.
b2
12' _-0
>
REFERENCES
8'
04 9' >
0Q
C2
CONCLUSIONS
AUTHOR'S ADDRESS
H. H. El-Tamaly
H. A. Ziedan
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, El-Minia University,
El-Minia, Egypt.
email: dr_h_tamalygyahoo.com
email: ziedan092gyahoo.com
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