MCR3U0/E

REVIEW OF POWERS, EXPONENTS, FACTORING, R.E.S AND PASCAL

1. Evaluate. Answers should be expressed as fractions in lowest terms:

a)

1
4

e) 81 27

2
3

f)

d)

2 1
g) 2
2 2 3

1
2

8 3 27 3 64 3

0.75

81

16

c) 16 4

b) 810.5

h)

70
2

2 3

2. Simplify using exponent laws:

a) 4m n
3

y n 1
x 3m 1 y n

d)

g)

3m

5 3

2m

8m 3 n

5
3

6 3

b)

4x

3x
6x y
y2

2m

2 2

y9

e) 8c 2 d 6

2
3

h)

c) 4 3n 1 2 n 5 16 n 1

9c
2
3

1
9 2

f)

32 x

y 2 18 x 2 y
4 xy 3

16 9
27 8
2mn

n 3

m n

m 3n
mn

3. Solve for x:
a) 3 x 1 82

b) 4 x 2 16

e) 3 2 x 1 5 29

f)

16

c) 8 x 2 16

2 x 3

g)

x2

16 x 3

d) 9 3 x 27

h) 7 3 4 x 1 0

4. A population of bunnies is initially 12. After 4 years there are 3072 bunnies.
a) What is the doubling period?
b) Write an expression to represent the number of bunnies present after t years.
c) How many bunnies will there be in 6 years?
5. Radon has a half-life of 25 days.
a) How much time does it take for a sample of 200 grams to decay to 12.5 grams?
b) How long would it take for a sample to decay to

1
of its original amount?
256

c) How long would it take for a sample to decay to 12.5% of its original amount?

6. After 20 minutes, an initial sample of 192 grams of a radioactive element decays to

6 grams. Determine the half-life of the element.
7. Factor fully.
a)
c)
e)
g)
i)

35m 3 n 3 21m 2 n 7 56m 2 n

3m 3 12m 2 12mn 3m 2 n

3x

b)
d)
f)
h)
j)

2 x 2 3x 8

x 2 2 3x 1 2

21x 2 10 x 1

4a 2 2a 5b 2a 5b 2a
3 x 2 16 xy 5 y 2

32m 4 1250n 4
xy x 3 y 3

36 60 x 25 x 2

8. Simplify and state restrictions.

a)

a 2 2a 8
a 2 a 12

d)

20a 4a 2 6a 6a 2

3a
5a 25

b)

x 2 6x 9
9x x 3

x 2 16 y 2
x 2 4 xy
x 2 4 xy

f)
x 2y
x 2 2 xy x 2 6 xy 8 y 2

h)

x
1
2
x 4 x 12 x 8 x 12
2

c)

2 x 2 5 xy 2 y 2
y 2 3 xy 2 x 2

e)

x 2 11x 28 x 2 9 x 14

x 2 12 x 32 x 2 6 x 16

g)

7m
4m

2m 10 3m 15

i)

x6
x5
2
x 11x 28 x 8 x 7
2

9. Expand, using Pascals triangle.

a) x y 5

c) 1 s 2

b) 2 x 1 4

10. Find the coefficient of x 3 in x 5 4 .

11. Find the coefficient of x 10 in 2 x 12 .
ANSWERS
1. a)

8
1
1
27
1
b)
c)
d)
e) 27 f) 3 g) 4 h)
27
9
8
8
16

2. a) 1728m15 n 33 b) 12 x 7 y 27 c) 2 3n 3 d) x 3 m 1 y 2 n 3 e)
h) 2

5mn

3n m

12d
c

2
3

1
e) x 2
2

3. a) x 4 b) x 0 0 c) x d) x

17
2

17
6

f)

12 y 3
m3
g)
x2
2n 3

 9
8
g) x
8
3

f) x

h) x
t

4. a) 0.5 years b) N 12 2 0.5 c) 49152

5. a) 100 days b) 200 days c) 75 days
6. 4 minutes
7.a) 7m 2 n 5mn 2 3n 6 8 b) 2a 2a 1 2a 5b c) 3m m n m 4 d) 3 x y x 5 y
e) x 4 x 1 x 1 x 2 f) 2 2m 5n 2m 5n 4m 2 25n 2 g) 2 x 3 4 x 1
h) xy 1 xy 1 xy i) 7 x 1 3x 1 j) 6 5 x 2
x 3
x 2y
y
8a a 1
a2
, x y,
, x 0,3 c)
, a 4,3 b)
, a 0,5
8.a)
d)
x y
2
x x 3
a3
5
x 4y
29m
x2
, x 0,2 y ,4 y g)
,m 5
, x 4,8,7,2 f)
x x 2 y
6 m 5
x2
x3
2
, x 2,6 i)
, x 1,4,7
h)
x 6 x 6
x 4 x 1
9.a) x 5 5 x 4 y 10 x 3 y 2 10 x 2 y 3 5 xy 4 y 5 b) 16 x 4 32 x 3 24 x 2 8 x 1
c) 1 6s 2 15s 4 20s 6 15s 8 6s 10 s 12

e)

10. 20 11. 264