HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34

HO^, ~+ xH
~ < O`OQO
~` ~*OQO =Y == QiOz ZH_ `HOQ ~#^. Hh ~` ~[H
== =Y q^#" ukH x ~*OQO zOzOk. ^x H~O H O^O, ~ ~ O_
~*OQO ^~ `= JkH~# O^~. =Y ~ O_ ~ `O\~. Hh ~`^ O
=_= ~ ` _ ~*OQO ^~ U~@~. J^ xH `. 73,74= ~*OQ
=~} K\ ^~ ~`^ O @} , Qg}, xH O QiOz ~*OQ x|O^# # K~ @"# k.
"\H ~*OQ ^ ^~ kH~` aOzOk. ~`^ O 28 ~, 7 H O^ e` O`
L<~. "`O g^ ~` QO Q = , P , O x\ H O^ `O i JkH~#
K~O k. ~`^ ## J^ #O K _O JO> xH, l, ~+ =i H O^ ~
## J^ #O K _OQ ~#=K. =_ ` H O^ `" H= O`" # ==Q
K =K. H O^, ~+, xH ~ L# < O`OQx q=iOK_" D ~O =Y L^ O.
` < O`OQO Z LO_e J< JO ~*OQO O^ ~K | _^ . z"O J<
^O ~*OQO ZH_ ^ . ~` ~+ u H < O`OQxH O|OkOz# x=# ~OkOK
JkH~O LO^< x|O^# =`" ~*OQO qOK|_Ok.

(Objectives) :

D ~ Qx Kkq# `~` g~ D HOk q+ `HQ~:

HO^, ~+, xH ~ L# < O`OQx J~O KHO\~

HO^ ~ z"O, ^xx =O`, Y, `O` O, ~, Hg+<,
=Ou=O_e z"O =i ^#=Ou H~O QiOz =QOQ J=Q#
KHO\~

~[hu G=317

55

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

~+ ~ Q ~+ z"O, ^# H~^i H~O QiOz `HO\~

l # O|OkOz l HH ~ H~O, J`x ^, =~`# HO J`x `,
l HO> HOk ~ # QiOz `O\~.

~O 34
Mm# iOKO_.
1.

=Y == JkH~ q[# ................. =i ............... =^ LO@Ok.

2.

`O ~`^O ..................... ~.............. HO^e` O`<~.

3.

~`^ < q^#O ............. ......... =i ................ ~ LO@Ok.

4.

xH O ............................... ~*OQ =~} K\ ^~ ^#` iyOk.

34.1

HO^ z"O (Central Secretariat)

H O^ z"O H O^ =O` =i qq^ Y JkH~ LO\~. i< O

HO HO^ `O, qq^ =Ou` Y LO\~. XHH =Ou`Y ~O_ #Oz <Q
qQ U~@=`~. u =Ou` Y ~[H ku Q =Ou, <ku Q H@s LO\~.
~`^ < xiu H O^ z"xH J`#` #O LOk. H O^ ` <kH~=O`
^x H OnH$`" L#k. H=# ^xx H O^ ` <_ =O_OQ ~#=K. ~` `
q^< H~H= H O^ z"O [##O. ^x =O`, <kH~ ` H O|O^O
Hey LO\~. H O^ z"O < O|O^" # z# f~ XH =# OQ ==iO k.
H O^ z"xH qq^ J#|O^ =i Jn# H~ LO\~. < O~} O O
x"kH H~O HO^ z"O ~`^ # =`O, ~`O, H#yO# WOk.
JO`HO_ Jk < O`OQxH H O^ aO^=Q xK O k. qq^ =Ou` Y =^ =#x
K ~_" HO_ =Ou`Y ~" O\ ^ ` =OK@@ K O k.

56

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

z"O H x~} x~} \ H

=Ou` Y
_~" O\
qOQ

(Department)

(Wing)

_q[<
Y

(Ministry)

(Division)

(Branches)

=Ou, Jku

(Head Minister (Political Executive))

J^# H~^i
LH~^i

(Addl. / Jt. Secretary)

(Dy. Secretary)

JO_~ H@s

(Under Secretary)

H@s (<ku )

(Administrative Head)

H O^ `O *f ~ Ha<\ =O` q^<# x~~ ~ . q^# x~

#
fH=_xH H=# , =K~x JOkOK_O , "\x J=~K _ O H~^i HH`
=~ , H~x~Hku P x~
x PK~}
`_ . H~^~ < "~ H O^ ` Y
"`xH H@s Hx XH =OuH H^. H O^ z"O H O^ ` q^< ~H #, =#O,
~ "H}
OKHO@Ok.

H O^ z"O q^
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

` q^# ~H # =O` __ O , q^< J=~" # _ =~ K _O.

< O|OkOz# x= x|O^## ~OkOK_O.
H~ }oH ~K# H~H= ~H#.
=Ou` Y |_\ `s =i "\ = xO`}.
J= L# }oH, H~H= #, PiH ~ " # P"^O O^@ =i J=~x
|\ =~.
=#O, q^< q=~}, W`~ ` Y O K_O, ~+ ` #`
O|O^ <HH=_O.

~[hu G=317

57

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

7.

=Ou`Y O|OkOz# H~x~H O , L^Q|$O^ # O|OkOz# x=#

"~Q~KO^ `y# K~ fH=_O.
8. ~"O@s ^` x~} =OuH H~# JOkOK@.
z"O H O^ ` q^<# ~OkOK_O H~x~H Y H~#
# WO k. D O^~ O z" == J<H q=~ K |_<~. H O^ == x~}O
x f~< ^ #OQ q=~ K |_<~. H O^ z"O J=~O HO> Z= OY
L^Q L<~< q=~ LOk. JO^ xK # JkH~, kQ=~ L^Q @ x~H "Y i`
LO__" HO_ ^~Q =i~< q=~ _ LOk.
H O^ z"O x K # JkH~, HO`H"< H `~ == xH |kb H=_O
^ . ^O` z"= XHi =z Ki# L^Q uiy H ` ~ O |kb JO^
W+ _ @
O ^ . nx = q^# ~K# =Y ` =OK JkH~ H ` ~ #x ^~
^~OQ LO_ =~= O`" # q^# ~K# K H `<~. =~H q+ O Uq@O> z"O
Y OY iy qq^ Y =^ =#O kOK_O H+= =`Ok. H~x~H O z"O
#O_ ~# JkHi ^`` H=@, xH J=~^= HeOK PK~} ^OHx x= x|O^#
\OK_O , x~
# "~^ " _O, x~~ H~}
J<H ~ LO__O =O\q # *xH
^i f< x HO^~ q=~ ~<~. z"O J<k J`O` P=H`" # ^< =#
` Ug ^ . Hh z"O xf~ J<H q=~ `q# k.

~O 34.1
Mm# iOKO_.
1.
2.

HO^ z"O.......................... =i ................. LO\~.

z"O H =Y qk ..............................
1) q^# ~H# O JOkOK_O,
2) q^< J=
z"ku ..........................

3.

34.2

=Ou =O_ez"O (Cabinet Secretariat)

1947 H O^ =Ou =O_e z"O U~>O k. H O^ `O H < O`OQxH

HH" # ^ =Ou =O_e z"O. ^xH ~[H Jku ^ #=Ou HQ <ku Ha<\
58

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

H@s. ` O =Ou=O_e z"O =_ qQ<~. 1) q qQO, 2) q@s

qQO, 3) ~ =K~ qQO. 1988 '_~ H~ \ P aH w"< # =Ou=O_e z"O
QOQ U~@~Ok. =Ou =O_e z"O ^ #=OuH eK OQ xK O k. =Ou
=O_e z"O J<H q^ # x~O k. "\x =_ ~HQ ql OK=K.
1) =Ou =O_eH O|Ok` q^
2) H~x~H q^
3) ^~} q^ .

34.2.1 =Ou =O_eH O|Ok` q^

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

=Ou =O_e =" K~ hO# (Z*O_) =Ou =O_e z"O ~OkO k.

=Ou =O_e =" q=~# iH~ K ^~Ok. ~"O@ =" ==kx
_yOK q+O ^#=Ou, =Ou =O_ _`Ok.
H~x~H U*hx ## gHOz "\ fH"e# K~# Ha<\ =O^
LOK`Ok. H~x~H U*h K~ x QQ# ijeOz "\ J= `__`Ok.
~+u, L~+u L`~, PHOH#, ~"O@, =Ou=O_ `e* ^#
=K~ HO^OQ xKOk.
`O *sK Pi<< H O|OkOz# q+ ^$+_`Ok.
q^` X_O|_H q+ " J=~" # =K~x HiOz =Ou =O_eH JO^* O k.

34.2.2 H~x~H q^
1.
2.
3.
4.

qq^ Y }oH, H~H=# `Q suQ J= LOK@ PY eO k.

PiH O|O^" # xO`}H H~x~} U*h JyOK|_# JO `y#
=~^~H# JOkOk.
` =O xO`}, Ha<\ =" K~ =O\ JO =K~x qq^ Y
OO^ U~@ KOk.
HO^ ` H~H= #~==H~} =Y` =Ok.

34.2.3 ^~} q^
1. qq^ =Ou` Y H~H=# O} ^#=OuH _`Ok.
2. U =Ou`Y ik x ^ W`~ H~H=# x~Ok.
~[hu G=317

59

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

3.
4.
5.

HO^` L^Q |$O^ # O|OkOz# O~} J= HH` +Ok.

HO^`O `~# q^ ~\OK ux^ |$O^ ZOH _`Ok.
JO`~ ~+ =O_e =" x~} O|OkOz# q+# x~Ok.

~O 34.2
D HOk "\ ~ # =^<x (
) \H K O_.
1.

=Ou =O_e z"O qQO Hxk.

Z) q qQO a) qe@s qQO ) < qQO
=Ou=O_e z"O U O=`~O U~_Ok?
Z) 1947
a) 1961
) 1965

2.

34.3

_) ~ =K~ qQO

=Ou=O_e H~^i (Cabinet Secretary)

=Ou =O_e z"xH <ku =Ou=O_e H~^i. W`_ ^ #=Ou xO`}

xK_. WO_< J_x\ " s KOk# x~ JkHi =Ou =O_e H~^iQ
xqOK|_`_. J`_ J`#` <#= O Q JkH~ LO\_.
H O^ =Ou =~xH , H~ JOkOK_" =Ou=~ H~^i =Yqk. J~#\H
HO^ =Ou=O_e #xO\x KHQ x~OK ^` J`_H LO@Ok. qq^ =Ou` Y
H~^~ ` x` O|O^O Hey LO\_. q s JkH~O^iH ^ <ku Q LO@
"~O^~ =~= O`OQ `= q^ x~OK K_ . ~[H <, q s JkH~
=^ O^#H~Q LO\_. "i^i =^ ~} U~_#_ "i=^ =#O K ~`_. P
^q H Q =Y` =# u XH WO_ < J_x\ " JkHi P ^q x Jk+O Kx qO \~.
=Ou=O_e H~^i H O^ =Ou=O_e =" Z*O_# ` ~ K_ . P Z*O_#
^ #=Ou, Ha<\ LO J^ ij#, P"^ x"k_ . =Ou=O_e ="
q+ # QOQ LOK`_. =Ou=O_e f# x~
J=@@ K_ . ^ #=Ou`
J`O` x` O|O^O Hey LO\_. ^ #=OuH J=~" # W_ . qq^ =Ou`
Y H~^~ =^ q"^ `u ` "i =^ =#O K ~ O^ =" x~_ .
^ # H~^~ ="xH J^ H` =_ .
^ #=Ou ^q =K =~, ^O x i` J#Q}OQ J`_ J`O` HH" #
`# x~_ . ^ #=Ou ^q Mm U~_` H` ^ #=Ou x=HO =~ J`_ i<
60

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

~ ` O HO H$+ K_ . H O^ `O ^ # =# H~Q ==i_ . H O^ ` JkHiH

H~H=# =~= O`OQ x~OK_O ^ #=Ou ` <H Q ==i_ .

~O 34.3
Mm# iO=.
1. =Ou=O_e H~^i H =Y qkQ .................. H~ JOk_ .
2.

=Ou =O_e H~^i =Y q+ # ........................ LOKe.

3.

=Ou =O_e H~^i ......................... Hi#_ W_ .

34.4

^#=Ou H~O (Prime Minister's Office)

~`^ ~[H < == ^ #=Ou "= H~x~}kHiQ HH`# +_ .

H O^ `O qq^ ^ `# x~} ^ #=OuH O K _xH ^ #=Ou H~O
(.ZO.X) U~>O k. ^ #=OuH z" O`@Q HH" # # JOkO k. D
H~O ~*OQ`~ OQ xK O ^x HO^~ ~<~. H" } ~` `O HH YQ
nxH QiO aOzOk. nxH J#|O^ YO_=. 1977 =O^ Wk ^ #=Ou z"OQ
Wk =|_Ok. 1977 `~` nx ~ ^ #=Ou H~O Q =~|_Ok.

34.4.1 ^ #=Ou H~ x~}O

^ #=Ou H~xH ^ #=Ou ~[H ku Q ==i_ . <ku Q ==iOK
H@s ^ ` `OK xqOK|_`_. .ZO.X H~O HO^ ~# q^ # x~O k:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

HO^ ` # ijeOK_O
=Y"# `# ^#=Ou =O^ LOz "\ q+O ^#=Ou WK P^#
\OK_O
=Y"# JkHiH =` =\_ <@# `~ K_O
^#=Ou ~"H}x =Ou` Y ## ijeOK_O
^#=Ou H~Ox L^Q =^ =#x OOkOK_O
q^j ==~ i# O|OkOz# W=_O.

~[hu G=317

61

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

^ #=Ou H~ q^
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

HO^ `, ~+ ` # Y =^ O^# H~Q LO__O.

}oH O O, *fa=$k =O_e ==~ x~} q+ O ^ xH HiOK_O .
^#=Ou ikx q+# ijeOz, x~OK_O.
~+u, Q=~~, q^j =Y` OkO# x~OK@.
U =Ou` Y H\~OKx q+# x~OK_O.
^ #=Ou H Think-tank Q D .ZO.X H~x =i~ . (Think - tank JO>
=# J^#O K i~ zOK x} |$O^O)
^ #=Ou H~O (.ZO.X) H ~~ Y ^ #=Ou PK#, PK~}
e x |\
=~`O\~. P H~O xK L^Q OY H" } ~Q` H= O`" # kQ ~OkOk.
^x ` O 350 =OkHQ L^Q<~. HO^~ P H~O, =Ou =O_e z"xH
=O`~O Q x K O ^x qOK~. D ZOX H~x '~ H>i \, '~ qx ,
'Q=~"O\ P WO_ Q=~"O\ Jx q=i< ~. P H~O s N=u WOk~QOn,
s N ~r" QOn ^g HO =iO` |_, D<\H J^ ~ H#Q`Ok.

~O 34.4
Mm# iO=
1.

^ #=Ou H~O (ZOX) ......................`~ O

2.

^ #=Ou H~O (ZOX) <ku ..........................

3.

^#=Ou H~ ~[Hku.............................

4.

^#=Ou H~x................................Q q=iOK~.

34.5

~R z"O (State Secretariat)

u ~xH ~+ z"O LO@Ok. Jk ~+ ~ xK O k. ~+ ` i#

z"O P=@Q ~#=K. ~+ ` qq^ =Ou` Y` _Hx LO@Ok.
z"O u =Ou`Y ~[H ku Q O|Ok` =Ou, <ku Q H@s LO\~.
~+ z"ku Q =YH~^i LO\_. XH\ ^ ~ O_ _~" O\ He H@sO\~.
nx ^~}OQ "~ x~ SUZ JkH~ LO\~. "~O^~ ~+ `xH H@sQ
62

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

==i~ . "~ =O` =HQ ` H~^~ H~< q+ x =#O Q~O KH"e.

~+ ~ z"O < O`OQO J`#` } H~O. JO^ =O`
H~^~, JkH~ ZO^~ xK~. Jk ~+ # HO^<_ =O_OQ ^ r=<_Q
LO@Ok. ~+ ` q^< ~H #, qq^ H~H=, < O`OQxH H O^ aO^=Q
==iOk. Jk ~+ # O`e`x, ~`x H#yO# WOk. # =K J<H
~[H =u_# `@H< H J~~Q xKOk. z" =~O g^< ~+ `
< O`OQ \ + ` , H, =~ P^~_ LO\~. Jk ~+O x ` H~
'kzQ LQ_`Ok. z"O xf~ W`~ H~ xf~# q`O KOk.
JO^K` z"O `# q^ # J`O` =~= O`OQ#, H= O`OQ# x~OKe LO@Ok.
^ #OQ ~+ ` q^< ~H # ~+ =Ou =O_e _@
O, H~H= J=#
~ "HO K_O =O\ HH q^ x~}# K_ `Ok.
U *= ^O << ` < == ~ "H}
^ ` * ux^ Ku LO@Ok.
~" O@s q^#O ` < ^ ` =Ou =~O LO@Ok. =Ou=~ ~[H s
KOk# "~, *ux^Q ==i~. u ~[H s Hx q^# H~H= H@|_
LO@Ok. ZxH =O^ [ Wz# "Q<# JkH~OH =z# `~` PK~}
LOKe#
^ ` ZxH# ux^ , =YOQ =O`, ZO`< LOk. J~` ` q^< , L#` =}`
K# OQ LO\~. "\x PK~} Q"# }oH ^H Q =~=# ^ ` z"O
LO@Ok. ` q^<, H~H=# ~OkOK_O, =O` , x=_O
z"O HH` =O k. JO`HO_ q^< J=H }oH ` s, PK~}
|_
q+ , J_O #, qq^ = ~ # J=Q# ^$H^O ^~ q^<# ~OkOK=#
^ ` _ z"O LOk. q^# ~H # H=# =K~x HiOz, q+ O z ^xx
=O` =O^Oz `y# xK ^ ` z"xH LO@Ok.

34.5.1 ~+ z" ==H ~ }

< O HO ~+ z"O Hx YQ ql OK|_`Ok. XHH Y Hx ` H

q^, < H~H=# x~Ok. ^~}OQ ~~ O|O^=# JO XH Y
H \~OK|_`~. P Y OY Jx ~ XHq^O Q ^ . P ~x [<, <,
~[H J=~ ^$ U~@ K |_`~. ^O x Hx ~ 15 Y LO> =iHx
~ 35=~ L<~. "`O g^ Jx ~# Hx =Y"# Y L<x K =K.
"\ ^~} <, O, ~ "#, PiH ==~, i=, ==O, q^KH , q^, "^ O,
OKf~*, }oH ==~, <, ZH *, h\~^, aH =~, O H OH = =O\
~[hu G=317

63

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

Y "^# q.
PO^ ^ ~+O ` @Q ^O x qq^ ~ H#Q}OQ z" Y OY
~Q` =K~. PO^ ^ 1956 11 Y LO> P OY 1969 <\H 12Y, 1971
<\H 13, 1972 <\H 14, 1980 <\H 19, 1984 <\H 20H iQ~. Uk U"# \H
P^ xH *= == *=~ ^$ x~OK|_ qq^ ~H =, H~H= ~Q^
=# qq^ Y x ~x =~= O`OQ x~OK_xH z"O ik q $`" O ^x K =K.
z" H~ =#= H~O ` x=, x~ qq^ Y H \~OK|_`~.
XHH Y `O H \~Oz# xs` <O ^ ` =O k. J~` H O^ =Ou =O_e
z"O = ~+ z"O =Ou` ^u ^ . WH_ ~ e ^u J= LO@Ok.
~*OQ x|O^# 166H* 3 ##iOz Q=~~ ^~ H \~OK|_# `qk JO u =Ou
^` =_. XH =Ou H\~Oz# JO XH (z") Y O|OkOz# LO_#
x|O^# Un ^ . Jq ~ O_, =_ P# Y O|OkOz LO_K. H=# nx |\ =# `e
q+ "q@O> XH Y ik LO_ JOh XH =Ou (~ e) Pn#O LO_H =K.
Y H~^~ q+ O _ J@=O\ ^u LO@Ok. JO> XH H~^i `= Y O|OkOz#
JO q+ O Z= =Ok =O` ^ ` =OKe. J\Q XH =Ou _ XHi HO> Z=
Y H~^~ , H~ P^~_ e =O k. ~+ z"O H O^ z"O
L#@Q =Ou`, Y J< ~ O_ ~H q_q_Q LO_=. ~+ z"O "`O UHH$ `
==Q ==iOk. JO^K` ~+ z"O qq^ Y =^ =#, H~#
=~= O`OQ kOK=Kx HO`=Ok ~K~ ` qOK~.

z" Y JO`~` ==H ~ }

~+ z"O H =O qq^ Yx Hx qQ (Sections)=`" LO\~. u Y

H~H= q+ # ^z H~ H (Procdure Section) qQO, H~ L`~ ^~
qq^ H~^~ (=Y H~^i ^ ^ # H~^i), H~^i, J^# H~^i, OH H~^i,
H H~^i, =^ H< P ~ , H H< P ~ =^ q^ # ql OK_O [~Q`Ok.
` O PO^ ^ ~+ z"O 19 Y L<~. "\H O|OkOz# qq^ H~H=#
x~OK_xH ^^ "`O 539 qQ LO_Q JO` =Ok H< P ~ (qQkH~) L<~.
J\Q 33 =Ok H_~ JkH~`@ 783 Q l>_ L^Q, 3,387 =Ok <<Q l>_ L^Q
xK<~.

64

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34.5.2 z" q^
~+ ` z"O HO^ ~# q^ # x~O k:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

# x~}O, < =~} O|OkOz# q+ =O` =i `xH

`__@O.
` q^<# ~OkOK_O #, q^<# J=~xH J#OQ =~_O =O`
_@O.
`O ~OkOK J<H q^<, H~H=# =# ~K_O.
` q^<# PK~} J=OaOK ^`# ~"HOK_O =i HeQ e`#
gHOK@O.
qq^ }oH, H~H=# ~OkOK_O.
HO^, ~+ ``, "\ H~` O|O^ OOkOK_O.
` a K@~O O^ =~ qq^ ^ =O` `y# K# JOkOK_O.
"\ f~< a ` "Yix =O` x~~OKO^ J=~"# =K~x
JOkOK_O.
|_\ JOK<# `~ K_O, ` =O g^ xO`} K_O.
` O`OQx =~=O`OQ #__xH H=# K~ fH=_O.
HOk~ L^Q H~x~} J=~"# #, K# W=_O.
L^y |$O^ x~} <}O, H =~# OOkOKO^ H$+ K_O.
# , " ` q^<, H~H=# =iOKH=_xH H=# =K~x
=O` JO^*_O.
# J=~"# =K~x JOkOK_O.
* ~^, J# qKiOz `y# K~# fHx "\H =^<# W=_O.
JOK< OO, ` M` OO ` LH=} OO =O\ # O
=" x~} J=~"# =K~x JO^*_O.
H~x~H Mk` x=H, |kb, r`` , = O|OkOz# JO#
x~OK_O.

~[hu G=317

65

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34.5.3 ^ # H~^i
~+ z"ku ^ # H~^i. J`_ ~+ ` # <ku . ~+ <
O`OQxH <H` O, =~^ ~ H` O =_ . ~+ i# <~" # xO`} Hey
LO\_. ~+ z"Ox H~^~ O^iH <_Q ==i_ . z"Ox Jx Y
J`_H xO`} LO@Ok.

34.5.4 ^ # H~^i JkH~ q^

^ # H~^i q $`" # JkH~ Hey LO\_. "\ =Y"# q.
1.

~+ ` q^# ~H# =i i# O|OkOz# q+ =Y=OuH

e_.
~+ =Ou=O_eH H~^iQ ==i_. =Ou=~ =" J*O_# ~Ok_.
J=~=# iH~xO\x ="O LOK`_.
~+ i# qq^ Y =^ q"^# i+iOK =#H~Q ==i_.
J<H q+ ^~} < qQO, L^Q |$O^ =O\q, }oH Y, i<
O~} Y ^# H~^i xO`} LO\~.
H~ = H@H, =~^ , Jy =^O, HOO =O\ H$ u " s ` Oq Oz#_
H~H= q+O H$u L^" x~_Q ==i_.
~+ `O `~ # JkHiHOQ H@
# K_ . H O^, ~+ ` =^ O^# H~Q
==i_. ~+O ~+u# J= L#_ Q=~~ =Y ^~_Q
==i_. *fa=$k =O_e =" [~=`_. ~+ ` # =Y
~ O|O^kHiQ ==i_.
~+Ox q s JkH~O^iH <_Q LO@ x~ q s JkH~
O|OkOz# x=H, |kb, ^#u H# ije_.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

~O 34.5
Mm# iO=.
1.
2.
3.
4.

~+ i# r=<_.........................
^# H~^i ................................ e_.
~+O ~+u # qkOz#_ Q=~~ ^~_Q ................ ==i_.
=Ou=~ =" J*O_# ........................... `~ K_.
66

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34.6

OKH H~ (Directors offices)

` H~x~H O z" xO`} xK~. i< q^<x ~OkOKk

z"O J~` P q^<x J=iKk H~ x~H Y H OKH H~OQ qOK=K.
=Ou *s K# P^# J=~K _ xH i ^ ` =OK Mku x OK_ ^ ''_~ H~
JO\~. J`_ H~x OKH H~O ^ ''_~ H~ @ Jx ~ . OKH H~xH
~+=O`\ H` H~O\~. `^# P H` H~ ^~ ~+O J=
K _xH OKH H~O K~ Q H O@Ok. =Ou=~ P H~~O ^e e OKO>
Jq D HOk ^ ~O`~O KO^`~.
# q^# ~H # [iy P^ *s H=_O.
# q^<x J= K _O.
< q^<x PK~}
@_O ~ O_= ^ Jx K =K. i< q^<x ~OkOK_O
ZO` =Y" # q^# PK~}
_ JO` =Y=x ` HOQ K #=~O ^ . ~OkOz#
# q^#O K L`= "# k H=K. Hx Jk ^`^O Q J= [~Q# @~` i# =
[ ` e ` K ~=. JO^K` ` q^<x q[=O`OQ J= K _O ^~ =`"
[ i< q^<x PK~} @Qe y# x` # JkH~# Mk` Q xqO|_`~.
"~ `= `= Y O|OkOz# OHuH ~OQ x} LO\~. u OK_ `# Y
q^ O|OkOz# ` H i*#O Hey LO\_. J^ q^O Q z" Y P^ ~O =OK
H~^~ ` # f~`# q+ i*#O LO@Ok. i< q^<x ~OkOKk
z"O HQ P q^<x J= Kk OKH H~O. P ~ O_ He "e xK# _
[ ` # = [#O HQ`Ok. H|\ z"O, OKH H~O ~ O_
=OuH ~ O_ H O\q. PO^ ^ ~+O 14 z" Y, 86 OKH H~
L#q.
34.7

l # (District Administration)

~`^ O H ` ~ i# l J<k XH ^ # i< x\Q ~`# HO

#Oz LO@ =# k. Jk J<H q^ ^ "# QoH x\. ` # O|OkOz#
"`O O`OQO H OnH$`==`Ok. < == l HH` LO_\xH H~}O Ki`H
i` =". Jk H sH xezOk. ` i# =` l ~ #OK ~O= =`Ok.
H+ " # * ==~ x~} l< ==H $ `==`Ok. i# =` | O Q LO_H, ^x
~[hu G=317

67

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

QoH ik K` # OQ xK O k. ` < H ~ O|O^O U~~K_ O l

# ZO` `__`Ok. JO^K` ^ ` # l # J`O` =Y #O PHq# k.
x*xH # O ^ " O J<k l # P^~_ LO@Ok.
a\+ # JO`" `O` < HO _ r=OQ xez# < ==
l i#
==. D<\H P == J="# kQ iQ}O K_" # k. `O` ~`^ O l JkHi J~#
HH ~ |=Y `# x~OK= =zOk. HH ~ JkH~ ik q $uH *= q^#O,
JkH~ qHOnH~}, Ja=$k ^` * K`#O, *a =HH~}, K =O\ i`
^ #OQ ^O K~.
HH ~ q^ QiOz KiOK =O^ J`x JkH~ ^# QiOz HO` `H"e LO@Ok.
HH ~ Jd ~` i< s KOk# JkHi. ` O J= L# x=##iOz Jd
~` s KOk# = # qq^ ~ H \~OK_O [~Q`Ok. P ^ JkHix l
HH ~ , l "l\ , _ \ Hq+#~ Jx qq^ ~` ==iOK_" # k. P H_~ KOk# ~
JkH~, SUZ "~ Qh, ~+ ~ q s KOk# ^#u Ok# JkH~ Hh
H=K. l ~ [iQ Jx ` ==~ HH ~ ^ # x~_Q H#Q_O P#"~f
J~Ok.

~O 34.7
Mm# iO=.
1.

D HOk H@# Uk XC / `C ?
Z) l #` =# = `H O|O^x Hey LO\~.
a) ~R `xH, l HH~ O|O^O LO_^.
HOk H@# Uk XC / `C ?
Z) ~`^O l J<k =eH ~R~ x\.
a) l JO> L=_ Ki`, QoH, OH, PiH i` Q XH ^ ^O.
l i# J<k "`O ............ OH`OQ LO@Ok.

2.

3.

34.8

l HH~

(The District Collector)

l # Jku l HH ~ . J`_ l ~+ ` uxkQ ==i_ . l

H O^, ~+ ` ^H J= J`_H ` H " O LO@Ok. l J= [iQ Ja=$k
68

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

H~H=, * J ^ ^H # J`_ ~ "H _ . ~=~} i~H}

"^Hx +}
=~ , [< H H~}
"^Hx ZxH x~} =~ "q ^ O L# Z< H~H= J=
l HH ~ ` HO Q " O LO@Ok.

34.8.1 l HH~ ` q^

(Role and Functions of District Collector)

l i# HH ~ HH" # ` +_ . l H O^, ~+ ` H~H=#

J= K_ . a\+ < HO< HH ~ x~OK `# QiOz, P ^q H ^#` aOzOk.
HH ~ # `xH zOQ = < Hq+< =iOzOk.
HH ~ JkH~ q^ |=YO H|\ "\x H OK_O H+O . qq^ Ja=$k H~H=
O|OkOz# =K~ H~}
"^Hx +_ , +_ `Q H$+ K _O =~ ,
H O^ ~+ ` P^ J= "^Hx H O^, ~+ ` ^H a^~ O|OkOz#
=K~x JkH~ x"kOK_O =~ Q J<H H~H= HH ~ JkH~ q^ qi Oz
LO\~. ""xH HO^, ~+ ` "\ q^<# q[=O`OQ J= KO^ l
HH ~ < P^_` ~.
W\=e HO l HH ~ JkH~ q^ =iO` JkH= ~. H=# l HH ~
JkH~ q^ x~} _O ^ HOk ~ Q= "^Hx ~ l ~ "#
JkHi` _# J<H =Ok JkH~# xqOzOk. [< ~Q^, , OHuH~ " # ~OQ
~Qu, *= q= ", ~m H~}
=O\ J<H JO =O = l HH ~ JkH~
q^ Q}hOQ iQ~. e `OQ l HH ~ `# q^ x~} ~A 18QO@ =~ x
K = =zOk. < Q@
# ^^ #~ =" #= LO_@O` J`x x~O
ZO`Q< iyOk.
PO^ ^ , H~@H, =^ ^ , =~+ =O\ ~ `= [ # OOkOKO^H
OH = H~H=# J= K < ~. e `OQ l HH ~ `~K Q l H~ #Oz ~+
z"O` J#O^#O K# g_ =" ~+ ` =Y H~^i =O\ L#` JkH~`,
=Y=Ou` =M=d H~H= O@<~. ^O` HH ~ ZO` K~Q, < }O, ^,
^ `` ==iOK= =zOk. "`O g^ H O^, ~+ ` q^<, H~H=# l
~ q[=O`OQ J= K _O l HH ~ K~H # `# +OK_O [~Q`Ok.
1) ~ "# #
2) <~" # q^

~[hu G=317

69

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

3) ZxH x~}
4) H$ u L^"# Z^~=_O
5) Ja=$k H~H= J=
6) [< H H~}

7) OKf~* O x~} H~O

8) W`~ q^

34.8.2 ~ "# #
l ~ ` =^ #Oz q t# = KO^ HH ~ K~ fHO\_. ~ "#
JkH~ ~ "# iH~ # H=OQ x~OK@@ K_@O, == Q}OH =K~ H~}
,
|O[~ = q~ x JOK< " _O, == P^O # qkOz = K _O, ~ "#
iH~ / aH Z@
x~} =O\ ~ "# O|O^" # H~H# HH ~ ~ "H _ .

34.8.3 <~" # q^
HH ~ l "l\ Q ==i_ . P ^ HOk JkH~, q^ Hey LO\_.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

J~ OqOz#_ x+^[ qkO

i<\ H~ ~"H}
Mn Hh ^ H#
b +# `xv
uH K@O HO^ "~uH ~OxH J#=u=_O.
HiH = i~O.
_ ^~ ` s, \ |O, x= x~}xH x~ O`~ `
-Objection Certificates)*s "^#q

(No

34.8.4 ZxH ~ "H}

l ~ =Y ZxH i@iOQ JkHiQ HH ~ ==i_ . P ^ J`_ qq^

ux^ O [iQ ZxH x~} `y# U~@ K_ . F@~ *a` ` s, =~}, `k
*a` H@
#, H` F@~ #"^, F@~ *a` [ #Oz J O`~ H~}
, ZxH =O
i@iOQ, i@iOQ JkH~ x=HO "^# q+ lx Pn# |OkH `y#
70

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

P[# *s K ZxH K, <O, x+H `OQ [iQ@@ K_ . ZxH x~} ZxH

O O x= x|O^# # s, [, J ~ , W`~ O H=OQ J#iOK@@ K_ .
JQ l H~ O, HO^, h\ qxQ O , ~ x~} Hq\ "^#
O x ^= s H ZxH U~@ K_ .

34.8.5 H$ u L^"# Z^~=_O

`#, =~^, HO, H~= =O\ H$u L^" OqOz# = HH~
HH` +_ . J`_ OQ k` O` ~ \Oz, "iH L= #O HeyOK H
K~ K_ ` _. JO^= J`_x H$ u L^" x~_ (Disaster Manager)Q HO^~ =iOK~.

34.8.6 Ja=$k H~H= J=

l Ja=$kH O|OkOz# q+ HH~ qq^ JkH~ =^ =Y =#H~Q
==i_ . l H O^, ~+ ` Ja=$k H~H=# J= K_ . qq^ ` ~OQ
O x~ / J^ / L^ ` gH =" x~Oz, x~t ` ` H
<~"iOn xn qKi_. l QuH J=~= [, =#=, q`~"# =#~ QiOz
L#`kH~ u^# O`_. l x~^Q O Lk J=H aOK@@
K_ . Qg}, = P^i` H~H= J= JkH ^#O W_ .

34.8.7 [< H
HH ~ l ~ =Y [< H JkHiQ ==i_ . H O^, ~+ ` `~ #
u S^ HHi [< H H~} K~ fHO\_. JQ l _Q ^, O_ [O`=,
=$H O|OkOz# Q}OH =K~x HiOKO^ U~@ K_ . Q$ x~}O, @O|
OH=O, = kH~`, Qg}a=$k =O\ =eH ^ O|OkOz# =K~x
~OkOKO^ K~ fHO\_.

34.8.8 xH O ~ "H}

lx xH O =" HH~ ^gs` _Q, ` Px`_ ^

O\_. l xH xf~ QiOz xs` ==^ ~+ `xH x"kH O`_. l
i+` K~ <, _ \ K~ < Jq f~<x uk, l i+` ` H ="x
U~@ K_. l xH O U~@ `y# K## ~+ `xH O`_. l
i+` |Ok, P , H~H= J`xH ~ "H}
kH~O LO@Ok. lx @}
, xH O
K~ # / _ \ K~ # =K Ja Q qK~} [i_ . Hx O^~ ~+ ` P^
"~ P O ` H JkH~Q ==i_ .
~[hu G=317

71

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34.8.9 W`~ q^
# ~# "\`@Q HH ~ HOk q^ # x~_ .
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

=r xH^Q OH=xH O|OkOz# JO gH [~_O.

h\~^ =` He#
>[s ~"H}
HO^ ` Y q^ =^ O^#H~Q ==iOK_O.
Ex~ JkH~ tH}
` P^ J=
x`=~ == H= ~~
=Y \H JkHiQ ==iOK_O "^#q.

34.8 ~O
1.

l HH ~ U Y Jku
Z) b Y

2.

a) ~ "# Y

) <Y

l HH ~ Jd ~` sx U s KOk#"_
Z) S.U.Z

3.

a) S..

) S.Z. Z

x*xH # ` ^ q ` J<k........................# P^~_ LO@Ok.

34.9

l ~ kQ=# L# < == (Administration Below District Level)

~` ~*OQ x~` 'xH ` J< =## ~*OQOx <Q QOx 40=

x|O^# K~~. Q= OK~f # ~[O H$+ K e LO@O^x P x|O^# L^\ O zOk.
'xH ` J< JOx ~+ *a` ~#|_Ok. "^@ ~[<, PO^ ^ =O\ ~
'|O`~ "` Hq\ K# H~O xH i< O # O KO^ K~= f<~.
1993 ~` ~" O@ ~*OQO (73= =~}) K\x ~OkOzOk. =Hb# ~`^ xH
i# O Ki` P K@O ~H # XH =Y @OQ ~#=K. P K@O 1993= O=`~O
U 24= `k #Oz J=H =zOk. ~" O\ ~OkOz# P K@O P^~OQ PO^ ^ `O
'PO^ ^ OKf~* K@O J< XH ` H K\x 1994 ~OkOzOk. ^O` J\=~
72

~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

J= L# ` K\h ~^ J~. ~*OQO (73= =~}) K@O , 1993x JOxO\h

^^Q PO^ ^ OKf~* #`# K@O , 1994Q O^~z Ok.
PO^^ ~+O xH ` 1) Qg} `, 2) @} ` Jx ~O_
~H<~.

34.9.1 Qg} `

(Rural Governments)

Q= O` xK ux^ O Qg} `. Qg} ` 1) l i+` ,

2) =O_ i+`, 3) Q= OKf Jx =_ ~ x KO\~.
1) l i+` : l ~ J`#` xH O
l i+`. l i+` K@| ^" #
^ LOk. l i+` P~ JOQO\~. 1) l i+`, 2) l i+` K~ <,
3) l =, 4) =Y H~x~}kHi, 5) ~ O, 6) l HH~.
2) =O_ i+` : lx =^ ~ Q xH O
=O_ i+`. u =O_xH
XH =O_ i+` U~@=`Ok. =O_ i+` ^tH ik, JkH~, q^#
~+ `O x~~ O k. WO^ 1) =O_ i+` 2) =O_ i+` J^ _, 3)
=O_ i+` Ja=$k JkHi, 4) =O_ = LO\~.
3) Q= OKf : xH ` kQ= ~ LO_ O
Q= OKu. u
Q= OK~f 1) OKu, 2) ~OK, 3) H~^i, 4) Q= J< <Q
JOQO\~.

=O_ i+` Ja=$k JkHi (MPDO) JkH~

=O_ i+` <ku =O_ i+` Ja=$k JkHi. W`_ ~+ aH s Hg+<
^~ ZOH # ` JkHi. J`xH HO^ ~# JkH~O\~.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

=O_ i+` J^_x OkOz =O_ i+`, =O_ = =" J*O_#

~OkOK_O.
=O_ i+` / =O_ = =" x J<H JO `y# e=_O
=O_ i+` |Ok, P, iH~ <~"# xO`} Hey LO__O.
=O_ i+` "iH |_\# ~OkOz, ^x =O_ i+` ="O ">@@
K_@O.
=O_ i+` / =O_ = P"kOz# f~< #H# ~+ ` ij#, P"^O
HO O_O.
Ja=$k H~H= J= H$+ K_O.

~[hu G=317

73

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34.10

g~ W\=~ <~# q+ (What you have Learnt)

` ==~ x~} ` #. ~`^ O ` # O`OQO H O^, ~+

xH ~x HO^ z"O, =Ou =O_e z"O, ^#=Ou H~O q^
`H<O. J^ q^O Q ~+ `Ox ^ # H~^i, ~+ z"O =i ^x q^
QiOz `<~. i< JOQh q^# ~H#, q^< J=# ^#` Hey
LO\~.
l ~ # l HH~ ^#` Hey LO\_. ~A~A l HH~ q^
~Q`<~. J^ q^O Q u l HOk ~ Qg} xH O O\~. OKf~*
== =Y_ J~# MPDO QiOz J`x q^ g~ `<~.

~#O`~ (Terminal Exercises)

1.

H O^ z" == QiOz `O_.

2.

=Ou =O_e z" q^ q?

3.

^ #=Ou H~O QiOz q=iO=.

4.

~+ z" ^#`# q=iO=.

5.

OKH H~ QiOz q=iO=.

6.

MPDO

JkH~ "=.

~O ["|

(Answers to Intext Questions)

34. 1) H O^, ~+

2) 28, 7

3) H O^, ~+, xH 4) 73=, 74=

34.1 1) =Ou`, Y

2) q^# ~H # O K _O

3) ^ # H~^i
34.2 1) < qQO

2) 1947

34.3 1) ^ # =Ou

2) QOQ

3) ^ #=Ou

34.4 1) ~*OQ`~

2) ^ # H~^i

3) ^ # =Ou

4) ~ Ha<\, " H Ha<\, ~ H>i \, ~ qx

34.5 1) z"O
74

2) =Y=Ou

3) Q=~~

4) ^ # H~^i
~[hu G=317

HO^, ~+ xH ~ < O`OQO

34.7 1) Z

2) a

3) `xH

34.8 1) a

2) Z

3) l

~#O`~ J K# (Hints of Terminal Exercises)

1.

H< 34.1x K_O_.

2.

H< 34.2.1 x K_O_.

3.

H< 34.6, 34.6.1 x K_O_.

4.

H< 34.5 x K_O_.

5.

H< 34.6 x K_O_.

6.

H< 34.8.1 x K_O_.

7.

H< 34.9.1 x K_O_.

~[hu G=317

75