ME010 407: Hydraulic Machines Laboratory EXPERIMENT NO: 16 LOAD TEST ON PELTON WHEEL OBJECTIVE: To conduct load test on Pelton wheel turbine. APPARATUS: 1. The Pelton wheel turbine. 2. Acentrifugal pump, to supply water at the required head. 3. A pressure gauge at the inlet pipe to measure the working head. 4. A digital rpm indicator. 5. Pre-calibrated venturimeter with pressure gauges at inlet and throat. 6. Brake drum dynamometer with rope and mass loading arrangement. BASICS: ‘The turbine is run at constant head and constant rpm specified by the manufacturer and the efficiency of the turbine is determined by measuring output torque of the machine from zero to the rated maximum. The speed is kept constant | by adjusting the inlet gate valve and nozzle opening. The Input Power is determined by: wQH "1000" Input Power, P; kw where, w= Weight density of water in N/m’. H - Total head in meters of water over the turbine. - Turbine head (H,) Q - Therate of flow of water through the turbine in m’/s. ‘The discharge through the turbine is measured using Venturimeter by:- Discharge, Q= Ky * Vb where, h - Head difference in the manometer, converted to m of water. - (Py— Pa) X10 m of water. P, - Pressure gauge reading at inlet of the venturimeter in kg/em’. P, - Pressure gauge reading at throat of the venturimeter in kg/cm”. K, - Venturimeter constant. Venturimeter Constant, K, = Cox axa xy2e a, - Area of inlet pipe in m’=% d? d; - Inlet diameter of venturimeter. a; - Throat area of the venturimeter in m? -— a - Throat diameter of venturimeter. Co-efficient of discharge for venturimete, oe Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering 52The Output Power is determined using a Brake drum dynamometer with rope and mass loading arrangement: 2nNWR. Output Power, Po = Faz T999 KW where, N - Speed of the turbine in rpm W - Effective load on hanger in Newton - (Weight of hanger + Weight added - Spring balance reading) x g 8 - Acceleration due to gravity in m/s” R. - Effective radius of the brake drum - Radius of brake driim (0.150 m) + Radius of rope (0.008 m) The overall Efficiency of the pump is determined by: Power Output (P,) Power Input (P;) The specific speed of the turbine is determined by: NvP Specific Speed, N= az Overall Efficiency, 7 = x 100 % where, P - Power output in kilowatts at maximum efficiency (from graph). N - Speed of the turbine in rpm. H - Effective head in meters. The specific speed will be a constant for a particular turbine, or turbines similar to it. If we know the head, speed and power desired, it is easy to find the general type of turbine that would prove satisfactory using specific speed. But it is not really a speed, and is a dimensionless number. The speed and power used in the expression should be the speed and power for maximum efficiency. Pelton wheels have low specific speeds, ranging from 10 to 35 (SI). PROCEDURE: - 1. Calculate the maximum load. 2. Check the experimental set up. Remove the load on the brake drum to change the dynamometer to zero-load position. 3. Record the values of constants. 4, Prime the centrifugal pump, which is used to generate high pressure head in the pen stock. 5. Keep the spear valve and the inlet gate valve completely closed. Start the ump. 6. Slowly open the inlet gate valve and adjust the spear valve in order to start turbine, 7. Regulate the valves to reach the rated speed at rated head of the turbine. Check the rpm using digital rpm indicator. After bringing the system into the steady state, take a set of readings as no load observations. 8. Load the turbine by putting weights on the loading hanger. Tum on the cooling water supply to the brake drum. Care should be taken during loading in order to keep the rpm and pressure head within 10 % variation of the rated value. Sree Narayana Gurukulam College of Engineering9. Regulate the speed to rated speed and rated head by adjusting the valves. Note down the readings of pressure gauges and the spring balance. 10. Repeat the procedure by increasing the weight on the hanger gradually up to the maximum load. 11. Release the load gradually, simultaneously close the inlet valve and switch off the pump motor to stop the machine. 12. Calculate the brake power, efficiency and specific speed. 13. Tabulate the readings and plot the characteristic curves. RESULTS AND INFERENCE: 1. The average turbine efficiency of the given Pelton turbine, Nruravg. = 2. Power Output corresponding to best efficiency, Po (q max) = 3. The specific speed of the turbine, N, = 4. Following graphs are plotted: i. 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