:
.
.

.

.


.
.
.
.
.
.


.

   




 -     :

.
.

2 .

V V
u

V = V +V
c

f hd = f hd
c

= 5V chd = 5 0.2

r max

: h
: d ) 0.8LW (.
.

) hd + N5l

c
w

N
u

0.12 f c + 0.15
c
h
l
w
c +
hd
M u 1

2
V u l w

= 1.65 0.2

= 0.06
c

= min

   




1

2

u
w

M
V l

f hd
c

N u
1

3A g

= 0.2

= 0.2

V = 0

hd V

N
u

N M
V N M
. Nu Mu V .

2 .

n AV

V = 1000 h
2 AV
= S1
S max

1000

V
= n
S1

   




:
max

h
h

2A

lw
3

= m in 3 h
350m m

m ax

AV
S max
h V
max

h , V . .

2
V

= S1

S
A

.
.
.

.
 -     :
.

.

0.2 .

0.15 .

PU M U

0.2f C
A
S

= max

A = h lW
lW 2
S =h
6

M U W X
P
2
= 0.15f X = .....
= U
C
A
I

   




: X

3 .

-2 -

.

st

Nu
) ](1 C / lw
) A st (s f y

M r = 0.5A st (s f y )lw [1 +
C

=+
lw
2 + 0.851
f
A
= st s y
lw h c f c

NU
) l w h(c f c

.
.


.

-2-2 :

.

   




Z = lW X
u

AST
%1

bd

C =N u+M
Z

M u T = AST
= T
S f y
Z

n = AST n = .....

Ab

. C
. T
.
.
.

   




-2-3 :

. .
.
.
.
.
: 1 :

= 300KN

=0 ,

10 , S 400 , C 30 ,

(1

D + 1.2 L + 1.2 E

) = 300(9.3 2 ) + 250(6.2 2 ) + 100(3.1 2

= P D 300KN

= 3350KN .m

min l w , h w
2 2

(2,4.65) = 2m
= 3 Pu = 900 KN
= 650 KN
(2

   

 

d = 0.8 l w = 3.2m

V
V

= 0 .2

f hd = 525KN

:( 3

V = V V
s

= 170 KN

V
= 0.000625 0.0025
f 250d
s

= 0.0025

= 0.0025 + 0.5 2.5 hw 0.0025 = 0.0025

v

l w h

=S 1=

212
= 362mm
250 0.0025

l w
= 1333

3
= min 3h = 750 12@ 35cm
max
350 = 350

(4

=M
s

+N

3350 10
667 10

900 10
10

= 5 + 0.9 = 5.9

250 40002
S =
= 667 106
6
s .q 0.2f
A = 250 4000 = 10

=6

   

 

(5

h l w

u
c

= 0.05

st

= 24 *113 = 2712 =

A f
l h f
st

l
M

1
=
2

2 + 0.85

A + f
st

1+
ylw

= 0.051

= 0.122
1

A f
st

: 5

(x )

10
X 5.9 = 3 X = 116cm 1.2m
400

mm 2

st

f
s

n=

st

1 20

%1 =

Z = 4 1 .2 = 2 .8 m

= 3517
y

= 11.2 12 12 20

12 20
= 0.013 %3
1200 250

C=

M
Z

+ N u = 2096

T=

M
Z

= 1196

   




%3

= %1 %1
AST S f y = T

AST ) 0.85C f C + AST S f y = C

(A

C = 2096 5813KN
T C
)(

: 2 :

) = 400Mpa

= 25Mpa, f

(h = 0.25m , f

   

 

l ,h
w

V
KN.m

= 6m

= 2m

= 9 + 18 + 27 + 36 = 90Ton = 900 KN

= 9 1 + 18 4 + 27 7 + 36 10 = 630T .m = 6300

:*

N ud
1.65 0.2 c f c h .d +
5l w

2000 0 / 8 4 10

= min = 1.65 0.2 0 / 6 25 250 0 / 8 4000 +

= 1112KN
5 4

0.12 f c + 0.15 N u
c

l wk
0.6 c f c +

M u 1

V u l w 2

V c = 1112 KN

V
2

= 556 V

A
A
S

st ( H )

st (V )

max

= 900KN V

=
h

= 1112

= 0 / 0025

= 0.0025 12000 250 = 7300mm 2

= 0.0025 4000 250 = 2500mm 2

l w 4000
= 1333
=
3
3
= min 3h = 3 250

350mm

   




mm 33 2T 12@ 330

mm 11 2T 12 @ 330

* :

2000
6300 2 12

= 11.45Mpa
3
4 0 / 25
0 / 25 4

= 0.2 25 = 5Mpa
0.15f
c

0.2f

= 3.75

P M

A
I

Mpa 0.15f

X
4X
=
X = 2.433m
11.45 7.45

y
3.75
=
y = 0.7936m
2.423 11.450

= 1.62m 1.7 m

m Z = 4 1.7 = 2.3
6300
= 4740KN
2.3

= 2000 +

6300
= 2740KN
2.3
:

M
Z

C =N u+M
Z

= T

   



3

= 2740 10 = T

Af
s

= 3060

mm 2 13 20 @140 mm 2

:3
.
25cm . . c30
s300

8 .

PL = 100KN , PD = 200KN

( 1 :

.

lw hw
,
2 2

min

   




l h
5 12
min w , w = min , = 2.5m
2 2
2 2
V e = 1000KN , Ne = 0
M e = 6000 + 1000(3 2.5) = 6500KN .M
e .
.
.

MD =0

VD = 0

N D = 4PD = 800KN ,

ML =0

VL =0

N L = 4PL = 400KN ,

1.25D + 1.5L
D + 1.2L + 1.2E
0.85D + 1.2E

)1
)2
)3

) (1 :

N w 2 = 800 + 1.2 400 = 1280KN

V w 2 = 1.2 1000 = 1200KN
M w 2 = 1.2 6500 = 7800KN .M

)3:(2

N w 3 = 0.85 800 = 680KN

V w 3 = 1.2 1000 = 1200KN
M w 3 = 1.2 6500 = 7800KN .M
(2 : V C

V C
:

hd

):(2

N d

1.65 0.2c f chd + u

5lw

N
V C = min
0.12 f c + 0.15 u
lw h
0.06 f +
c
c

Mu 1

V u lw 2

   




1280 103 4000

1.65

0.2

0.6
30250

4000
+
= 1290KN

5
5000

V C 2 = 1014KN
3

1280
10

V C = min

0.12 0.6 30c + 0.15

5000 250 250 4000 = 1014KN
0.06 30 +

7800 106
1

3
1200 5000 10 2

):(3

680 103 4000

1.65

0.2

0.6
30

250

4000
+
= 1194KN

5000

680 103
V C = min

0.12 0.6 30 + 0.15

5000 250 250 4000 = 1014KN
0.06 30 +

7800 106 1

1200 5000 2

V C 3 = 1014KN
:

V C = 0.2C f chd = 657 KN

:

V u = 1200KN V c = 924KN
.
) :(3 :

V S =V U V C = 1200 924 = 276KN

vs
276 103
=
= 0.0011 0.0025 n = 0.0025
s f y hd 0.85 300 250 4000

= n

   




hw
)(n 0.0025) = 0.0025
lw

v = 0.0025 + 0.5(205

AV
2 8
=
= 161mm
hv 250 0.0025

= S1 = S 2

lw 5000
3 = 3 = 1667 mm

= min
3h = 750mm
S max = 350mm

350mm

S max

2 8@16cm
) :(4 :

A = 250 5000 = 1.25 106 mm 2

250 50002
= 1042 106 mm 3
6

= S

M U N U 7800 10 1280 10
+
=
+
= 8.5 0.2f
S
A
1042 106 1.25 106

M U N U 7800 10
680 10
+
=
+
=86
6
S
A
1042 10 1.25 106

):(1
6

):(2
3

:
) :(5 :

= 133cm 135cm

(8.5 + 6.5 ) x 8.5 = 4.5 x

500

= ) (a

   




) (2 :

Z = lw 1.35 = 5 1.35 = 3.65m

MU
7800
= + NU
+ 1280 = 3417 KN
Z
3.65
M
T = U = 2137 KN
Z
= C

T :

T
2137
=
= 8380mm 2
s f y 0.85 300

= A st

Ast
8380
=
= 17.06 18 20
1 25 491

=n

18 25
= %2.6 %3
1350 250

= %1

p r = ( A g A st ) 0.85c f c + A st s f y

= (1350 250 8838 ) 0.85 0.6 30 + 8838 0.85 300

= 5029 + 2254 = 7283KN

Pr C

   

 

:4

V 1 = 100 , V 2 = 250 , V 3 = 300

h1 = h2 = h3 = 3.1m , LW = 4m
PL = 0 , PD = 300KN , C 30 , S 400

1) hw = h1 + h2 + h3 = 3.1 + 3.1 + 3.1

hw = 9.3m

D + 1.2L + 1.2E
P = 300KN
u
2)
N u = 3 300
N u = 900KN
9.3
4
3) x = min
,
x = 2m
2
2
V u = 650KN
V U = 100 + 250 + 300
4)
M u = 300 ( 9.3 2 ) + 250 ( 6.2 2 ) + 100 ( 3.1 2 )
M u = 3350KN .M

d = 0.8 4

d = 3.2m

V c = 0.2 0.6 30 250 3200

h = 25cm
V c = 526KN

   

 

V s = 650 526

V s = 124KN

124 103
Pn = 0.000607 0.0025 Pn = 0.0025
0.85 300 250 3200
9300

Pv = 0.0025
PV = 0.0025 + 0.5 2.5
( 0.0025 0.0025 )
4000

Pn =

4000
3 = 1333.34mm

S max = min 3 250 = 750mm S max = 350 mm

350mm

212
S1 =
S 1 = 362mm
250 0.0025
212
S2 =
S 2 = 362mm
250 0.0025
A = 250 4000 = 10 105
4000 2
= 667 106
6
3350 106 900 103
=
+
0.2 30 5.9 6
667 106
10 105
S = 250

900 10
= 0.05
4000 250 0.6 30
2500
0.85 400
W =

W = 0.047
250 4000 0.6 30
AST = 0.0025 250 4000 = 2500

C
0.047 + 0.05
=
0.047
LW ( 2 0.047 ) + ( 0.85 0.85 )

1
900 103
M r = 2500 0.85 400 4000 1 +
(1 0.119 )
2
2500 0.85 400
M r = 3083.5KN .M

   




-     :

.

.
* 20 cm 30 .

(
: :

1 :

l h
x = min w , w
2 2
hw = h1 + h2 + h3
PU = D + 1.2L + 1.2E

N U = n PU
V U =V 1 +V 2 +V 3 + ...

   

 

M U =V 1 ( hw x ) +V 2 ( hw x ) + ...

:
: (

= min

= 0.06
c

) hd + N5l

c
c
w

N
u

0.12 f c + 0.15
c
h

l
w
c +
hd
M u 1

2
V u l w

= 1.65 0.2

M
V l

u
w

1
2

:(

= 0

= 0.2

f hd

= 0.2

N u
1
hd
c
3Ag

d = 0.8l w

A g = lw h
: h
: Ag
:

1) if

VU

VC

if : f y 400, d b 16 Ph = 0.002

"!  ############$Ph = if : %&  ###########'c

Ph = 0.0025
if : d 16,
Ph = 0.002
b

if : f y 400, d b 16 Pv = 0.0012

"!  ) #####$Pv = if : %&  ###########'c Pv = 0.0015

if : d 16,
Pv = 0.0012
b

2 ) if

VC
V U V C
2

( Ph = 0.002, PV = 0.0025 )

   




VU VC
c

0.0025

0.0025 0.002

V
s

hd
y

3) if
=V

V
f

= 0.0025 + 0.5 2.5 h w

lw

:
:

2AV
S max
h V

= S1

2A h
S max
h h

= S2

( :
:
.

MU NU
+
0.2f C
S
A
A = h .lw

lw 2
6

S =h

   




M r :

C
1
lw

NU
1 +
AST .S .f y

1
AST S f y lw
2

= Mr

NU
lw .h .C .f C
AST S .f y

lw .h C .f C

= W

AST = PV .h .lw
C
W +
=
lw 2W + 0.851

M
M M

.
-2 .

NU MU
+
0.2f C
A
S

0.1

.
Z ) (
:

Mr

C
MU
+ NU
Z
M
T = U
Z
A
A
T
= AST
n = ST ST %1
S .f y
Ab
bd
= C1

C 2 = ( A g AST ) 0.85C .f C + AST S .f y

A g = bd

C 2 C1
C 2 C 1 h

   




 -     +, &   : "-

.
" " " " " " "
" .
.
.
.
" .
.

. ) (
"
.

. " .

.
C .
V M :

= C = AV d f y

   

V u = 2T sin = 2A d f y sin
M u = A d f y cos (h 2d )

"-   &  /    ' 2  + 3 2&! -

 

   




-1-5 :
150mm .
.
" " .
.
U T

.
0.0025 .
0.5Ac c
. c = 0.2c f c AC
.
AC C
. 4 .
350mm .
-2-5 :

" " .
" " .
.

ln
2AC C 3.0
h

.
200mm.

.
1.5 .
A d :

Vu
2f y sin

= A d

V u

.
8
. : L
T

} S max = {8 L , 24T ,125mm