EE 3054 Sipaks Syilne tel Tromeforms Text Book: Signale € Systems XK CHEN 18 Opporhein F willsky, 2 Edition. Prentice Hall, 1997 Chapter | Signals ant Systems xu Sa Fig. trcay A conbrmuens~ Hine signal xena erehy A olezewele— dome apna! Bt The total energy of a signal is ey = 1 xe iele Cin continuous tare) Ee, = = brent Cm dleserek time )Del A signal te callecl on even fumstrm vf Peary Cee eae eee in cliscrate Hme Def A srl re called on ede Punetonn a xXG#) = -xa) in confinucus time Xt-nj=-xtnt mh diserele time Deh xy nse 15 calleal the evat parf of xa, Xu) = ABEAED ie called the oclel park of xu In the book, i she om ay al ope" Be Reds = OL Ext) Show fet) % etn anol foc mS odd, Exererse Claim For any real signal XW, we have KW = XW + Kor Example xe? ee ee A ru er | XW) = Xe) +x,u @13 Exponetrl gr Smusorelsl Signals Theorse. For a linen, Hme~ irvarint ombmnucns Home) sytln, we bas et for all Hes where Scan he a Complee numher anol His) the temsfer fmetin Theorem For a linear, Hme-invaring Colrereh dime Sythe, we have 2 will be olireusteel lebar Hees forall £ Hep" for all Hey Poe all n ® Where 2 com be a Conpler Numbo, Orel Heer —& Me trensf foto , Deh et os called the complen expanertml siymel whee sa c+iw,st crstt ot pad ese st : Fe = Ceout + Teta t) The veal €xponectial signal fs a special cove ef Complex exponential styral wher w=0 The sinusordal >imral conus con be expres as put ait cut = Lee 42) svt nubere et OM ame special cores of EL whan o=0 3. The sinuserdal signal srrut con he expre = jut jut smet = bce eo) 4. cosuk con he rnrelerstred as the real pak 5. Mere general sinusordel flection ACoscwet com be understood as xe real part gf A Ard we see tHuf Ftwett 4) j. poet ae aesinusorlal signal 6. the dacogig or grew t 4 on cost is the real pont - Bef xem cad” 7 callecl ALE complex exponential See eee eet cee ne comyplone Rum bers Exempla. Jeuen 0 xeay= e@ The 7s the spe ae" 2. Aces tant b= SC" +a! hee ky = 14 The Unel tnynlse aml Val Slip Finelrons In discrete time case, Pe The uni impose Cov clin) 7% oleflined os o- neo Sim afBeg the unit skp is olefmad as @ nzo 1 u=f’ , coe ee LJ Stng—uens uen-y Clase « urn = =z Stn-ky In continuous. fime case, Del The unit typ fimetim 2% Lefmedl os cl, #Pe wets, 420 ‘ Def The unit imprlte Pomrehn i pee are feo A ak Creda sa=f 5” | enn t 6 Claro d sw= guy uaa Sf seordexeng Senne. Xch> St de> Yur= St xy “ \ rySeries Connecti inp syste Sy shen Parallel Ce Japat a) ———> oufpad Feeslhack comnectrm i otk pid a > Syl a Spl e Example. inedonlly empty | ne, me wy a itch + Ye Lo =v c ‘ee+ @ ee [te fh vet) R epee) 6 Baste len Property Deke A syshn is satel tobe mamerglea, gf MS ontpd at a giver tine te clepenoled only on A Mynt ab Mat came time and. yng Yeny = C2x0ng~ ate 1 a memoryless sysln Frame ying = xen fe nok a memoryless system xp A yeh wilh Porte memory . Example xo Jf yur Yas St pres ola 4. Ps nek co memoryless systin, 2h & © Fysln with finite memoryDef A system i satel to be inverts inpuh lesel to obatnet out Darewssion ae see Hat of a sy On inverse sython exisk ; xen ed system cla Yu = 20> id is on invertrble syste . wa = Yo) _ Example . Yw= xm 7 mek an X= t ancl xu =f Their responses ave not ofl Benge yee wks becanse wing yini~ yen system. C check Hs wongBel Asyske 1 caused if the oulpt does nob © clperdk on any future value of input Exanple ‘yeng = Xen] = xEn-17 Ts causal Example SSE yng = entity TS nomeausal Example yw = Sh xeode we |e lo tS causal 1 Yo= se reardee TS num causal Deh A syste 7s sacl te be sfrble Pf ontpat ps bounded when inpt ss ovnrebel , Example Ths a shble system, Kop c= yh The copacitr valige 7 -— = hoped by pect vol dege The capone: tor veldoge conrat be biyger than Hie mareimiin value of inpA voltage,Seeley) xu) —p>— © tome see that her Rey Ua), Yet) = daiy wheel Grows withok bose, i an wrskble s, Yay Def A sysh~ i sarol to be time-invariant of a cht om =) oe thf om Ln every ton odpt Yb te) = St xa-ko} argument of ed For any teeny te onl amy xu). Exangle yup = St xuoda, eo a tine invartadk system, Pree: Vans SEX) = xoode tte ted k~ho=r Yu-koys ST eda, “ Sixasy = ft mmterde wear A shots = ST onde it equals yorrtey lek d= okExam pl Ying = nen 33 not time ~ invarie Proof ying = Sixeng} = nxe3 Yan-ney = (A-Ne) AtA=~ny net equal Simca} qapteaet ° BA A syskn is sal tobe tinear of mie ie eds “ mw SS yy ——— +] Ss |———_- axincbae [> ]_ eh chs AYAwW+b yw = ST axnw+buwy} for any b any Bh, any Xm,Example Corarder a syrtem S giver by xe yw Yu) = txay Lets cletermme rhether or not SR linear Yu = Sixwys tea We have Yw= tre Wid = tmuy St axw+brub} = tame +bxun) = aAbnw +bimd = ayw +buuy Therefore SR Irnear y Exaerple Ya at nat Mrear 7 Pree Y= Stawy= xw Y= xh mar xre, Si MW+xuep= cms mun = xh + anu xu txbay Ww + hy Therefve it rs nonlinear,Chapbr 2 Lene Time ~ Znvariant Syshos Bil Disevele~time LTL Systems s The Corvolighiomn Sim BL Sts} rs called the della respome GF & syst clenslecl by hens ace ae in ssc som ying St8im)— hens s Example “yony = 2x03 +3x0n-1 Fink sts cba response hem, at daw i. Soletron —peny= St Ste} = 25en9 +2800 hens, =I oO 1 eos ae * Example uk Yrag = xen + Lens frenng e+ GoM xenla Fd ts ofelta response hing ancl draw if Soltrns hens Sery4tStrigy -. + obksemkye = hy ungThe Pollowong property of oliserele siprel will be ase in Ke prot of convelutrm theoren Claim Any sequence x0n| car he wriden as a weightd sum of oblla sequences ; Reny = st meng Stree y + AL-ij SEnei9 + ates Seng + + xorg Stay + XELStn-27 4 = tks Stn-k3 7 see pope & "reed Eee xetks Stn-ky = xcn3 Stn-k7 > B xla secs = SF xu steel = x10, Sencha SeeHSeae - Theerem ¢ Discrete Corvelatrmnr ) ed ae eee oe nol by yrny = = aks hen-ky & = xtnckg heky = 7003 # htny = hey # acngSolution nga & xtka hen-ky Yeny = eo - 7 + xtaphinery + yeightnti] + xr09 hing + oerthen-a + xeaahew-a3+ =i hena then-13 . = Sing H2Sen-19 + Sen-29, yo Exanple htri= C40 urns. xeny = ueng— uen-43 Saleties yeny =, atlo hen-ky Yery = Ext hre-ky a oxetg heey toccither) + xcoqhtas + xeahery 4 weg heey xtag heer +- So = xterhea+ xcithery + xt23 ht0} = +44 yerg= 7Example xoni=d"ueny, hemiarueny, with @<% is epplred alone, we have © une Vel = Vite) + Cuter) — Veer ae (te 1 vty ety de Now adding pwe have vay , yee VHS VU Wher £0, we have ver A ~ ot adhd the value is A? yom berets $ Cir cre eter. 9)Our conclasiom in the enanrgle cs that the impulse respurse of the simple Re cheng cient 1s hn=et Claim Ang functor XA) con be wriblen as Xa) =f" xew Sd-wrde a see pape P Pee ase = xec$a-ey) Theorem C Comtynnores Convolution. ) For a Ltt system, we have gua SM, xcerhet-erde ZI hee xu cde Lonoteol - = xwahy = hywxa Prvef, 9 = Stxwy= Si I xceS ude } SE wees SESUO}de = 5° nex, humeyde, Shwy Solutro! € Sraphical method ) Find onol dvaw Y= xe whey The promeiple P grphical method 1 “Vhip ard slede”. yw = JM, xe hu-w oe — hes . ' ~e 1 + jo i hee hones ; ner ees : he-t-r : 2ee) © | feo have overlipping ancl Heir grrodeet gives fora + ham when overage ; Yo=o hue when ta oe =a erhury whe. f= 05 fo xcoh ude the area = 0.5 os When £21, the overlapped area is maximireck whieh ts 1. Thed ts then faa, agen yu yo = there mo overlegong, Yr=oSohafro, 2 C Aralyteal method y w= UH — MED hit) = Ui — UE yay = $%, xees hat-eoele J2, Qe — erm) ude) Kee de oy, Mee Mode ~ J seen ude inde co a SMe Mame de +f ee Uae 19 de have are four ferme ney ttm Kees av “ J2,uco ud-ode oF = Shido. uy = uw quhen these tuo have aiff y copes, —« SG, Meo Ud—oode \ ths tlle/the lower limit of mbegpal — Hes bells the rgppar linc of mhegrn/ uct-0 PR C32 general formula lower on prwee)ort dann G we des SP wer UC So ude Ma “Oo = G-oue-0 fe =SJ ide UE rer ode = $1 ide-ud-n = 5S ep ' at erm lowes gh teen Thus, Gp udan + da ue yay = Bue 2 dau hep ua dur =4uy—2d-pude1) thos pertren needs to be can celleel ier hy Un wanry Yib = Lu 24D uk» +d mug-2) Drseussion En Hus exenple, A we see Had ay = Claim Jog UOMO EE) Free HSA Puede) uudb-a mE tka Utneb-ky fen ta here = CE femds)-urnbayLinear Time — inverted Yang = 2 aks hen-ky = xenaa el xe heeyel at xt The Commutative Property. eng hong = hens x2nj ep eno his hens xathw = ha *xey xa) hw hw PMY os whe Divkiba tive Properly wag a Chiteg then) = tng a heen + AW A Chi thr) = xu) ehewy +x huey xe? + we 02.3.3 The Associative Property © eng Chitnae hte) = Gxrng & bith) # ty xeD # Chit * hath) = (xeb hy oh) # heey wera Yen ua ying haces hen Af ena hvey aah Lia syslews with ancl witht Memory A syst 1 memoryless of Hs ontpl depends on the preset value of inn only. Thee com be due omdy af hint=0 flr n#o hw® =o ge to In this case, Conetent hong = KStny hw = kSa@ onal yen = K Xen Ww = Kxe xe yib= kxa) memory less kLt tebe @ A system huy im invertible aff there oxals a System hye) such that 2.3.5 Inver} ha thin = 309 Example Corardey the LTL syshen Yt) = xb~bey Such a syslin ma delay ¥f 4>0 Orel an advance f e<0 21s Thpale. response rs Hho 7s the inverse eyshen hu = 3 t-te et 5) a Now we ty hio~ Sart, We see thal hi whe Saks 8 Suck ae _—_—— the the a“ et write 3c = JO Stet Sere haode a we with BSR See key 8 Cb tet fey of became of See fey = 8m JT Scefode " Sw® A system hier TS invertible aff there enh 4 syste hater PHK thal hand ® he tay = Stay by fer LTL Syste 2.3.6 Cans A tra syste Ts canaal off henj=0 fr n yung = — eyen-13 + bated ave can daw thr dlifflieerce equator ax block dapram Thyee pose clement rm block oldegrams : Pb SE o fo me") mend | xen) nd Eas nes cay adder by mul tiphrenbion ce) ums dy Cogent clay Then fer Yrnye -ayennny thxeny we have, b wen eng =aslay ing. impalee sweShy fmt con be rsa to vrrte @ prece-wre obfined Poretrms in a bother form , AS im many cote ny Cases Exanple 1, ost) eee OF otherwise Cov be writer as xm = Ud—UE-9 or Xa) = Wad — Uct) wee Weax Exanple 4, hekebe |e Xe | 6. tsk—ts 4 Of other ee a Express x09 i tome of slp firatcms Soleting RO = + CU by ~ Udy) 4G C Utmhy —UA~45)) Se 4ud-t) + 2us-hy — ou a-Hy Exonple. ~ - were & rots | Express xe mm terms of ole fintins Soltrmn 2 Aa U+ UOT UDE-- = RH Ue-ky Grpress xe om forms of singnl eri famncbrmsSolution ( UH) + Gn ug Ui) + Ua) Cuu-» ~ Kaa) + xe = Aeu- y s ° we fag 7 MAP = duu — = Uct-ky Solatim % me fw xb = 7 | | — * MA? = bud ~ Lumen rndnt Uda7--- J Xa = me Sra min dhe by Pa hy day S tnyress Hho tems oh slr forcing Soletiron = 4, UC a uu ~ min thy hh + tM Hy thy 7 PMECA Dt BdayExample Bidammcvto= 7 CHok veguired ) Byer duty = 2B. uh + hu@ty) ASth-ty + UU -ty —hS w-4y sex poped im Hhis 4y noks bh Saint) De Sa Ban even Pct Pe Sch= Sct) > tern thf = Sp Un > Fn vb) = oe ) KS doh) + UGA) " RS ak) + Udit ASH = Uhh) = Shy enanswe,, Example 2, Si Memeh ay = 7 Solitrn, We condo He sane as above, oy Pe Ueda + nae hed = by Md ki AL a ay + Armano +t Be tdi dy (hash) + Wad) + ALC wm fot uth~d0) Ss bth ——— { max Ub = thin min dude) Baim) = BS, (toh-mm a tyChopler 3 Fourier Series Rapresontation of Periodic Signals 3.3 Fourier Sete resateticnn Contonus Pevroclec Sromals pasrvedic fp for some poorte xem xa+y for all £ periool 7 xa, 1 the om rma velue of T for whoh al satrfiet, anol the value wea 2 ps xe with pe exponeleel / ey Bet BS CB per kant = Ce smrbevel) where tne anf ang porved ne. J Pxwrevskunt olf x bP xu smkewet fore ot ltExample © Sgnere Wave ) wey i Find tts Fourier series expenrsion in tiyenemehie fom, Solu yew, , w= hm) ce odd fumadoon The mlgral of on aos + 1%, xinds odel Poretam ouey a symnebre interval ° a m= +t Jj Rance kak dt =o is evo Neat even odh * = AL mp smked lt = FSS xa smkowt ot “edd Solt old oe even, = PJ xwsmktolt = Sr Tombs obf FE ahay kets oolol 1 casks | i wR OEY = aE Cewkn— 1) = ™ © 1 wher k Ms even 4 re Aw ZCsink 4 Lormad 4 dsinsty pst +) Boa. Wm not 2 Cheenhant-Cesmbust) = EGO 2M kh = thera Cha. nym act 9B Chyentent ceameent) = gzdenlt yAa Erase bac Untersirndlng Faarine So Hume, ears Can hear] some frm 22H2 ~2okHe . Syprose Gn aconshe signal 2 ol ‘vay 4+ I? = awhere Teo ms, Me. fat Fond the percentege from the toll enangy \exmed by the squire ware signal, + 1 tek ) ve = anf = artok =éz93a Ke Jrgy human cnr can perceive Solten. pect Fourter series ells us HX whet sine fircfane @ signal Palbeg = covresponde te oo comespoul, to tokite vib= Sv i gin inte t aE Bia stadt gf stows J For a squere rave of \Wovells pack across a resretey R_ seme as de the power (= given vib ye yee beef Web jett oI IX Raunt Ss Human ear can hear te fondomactt only. Thas the. parte ved a vd fects vale Cre rmcy gf the flndemenda, Facet oR Cava _ aa SPipers = SEP nares Therefore, the preantige enat77 Aman ear Can perceive frm He ole| energy correct by Fhe Speer vse signal rs 81%,an w= Da T=2. = odel Ww nwt =o Qe te B= LS xe coskwet lt =o A odd seven Age Ke Se Cc = FSR xy sim kwh de = 2S)” xwsmkeookde Nadel “sod u toni, uae afl temkmbole = gb mbe] ‘ 1 af tenet |! Cae) sm lortsxanple © xa) a o 7 7 BS ax | or Fond le: Fanriny caviar coofficcank ¢ trigonmmein. farm), check i 2 Answer xh) = HC cat —foossh +d cost - + CS cacasha Series Theoran. Any perieelic flmch, xay, with pened T, can he expended rte Fkwoat xw= EF ae where eyn0 Xu = 1+ Lcovart + coy art tS cos Erk in trigonomednie: Ty the exponen! form ine frd a%s,Solaton, Catatcerse:) Xw = [+ berart + corart + Scos art = dc ett. cP cel ~i6mt = $M The lowe non revo fregumey 7 There fire Q,=0 otherwise, C The velalomship between tegone exponanrteal form B, tic, (Clams When pervedic firctrr xu Ie i gz F } z P 7 § | B= £6atay Cee aly aysinkwot) aeded w rwdt =o a= +1 whan k rs odlef a t Dp wha ke even a TE obtamecl on page 42 Qo =O. BO Rk ont Lo * kee,Drseessronaye $i vA way en SKF oly . ay! a Shh a gee ike = 19)! ~tknk 1 =e © bie ty Slew = dee C Ck etka - Coke sient) sche (6 vile od Cokin — oak) = Sevk kar ad Oe =0 Formula Sxe™ dx = ato eas DexNotahon Suppose Hat xe) T onel fumcbamenstal fre? Toarier series cooffierank of * we will Lenote Fs y Hy as ce | Lines af wy ancl Yh ane PY ond of xu) FS. % yw FE. pi then Pa z SW =AKW +BY) >, HAS HBA, 3. Time Shifting ps dkete xd-hy Se ko hes Ped Txt etkiFs Xe-t a Oy Hitt) 7s callec time sealing j where AR positive | The Fourier coeffreronh Yemary the same . The parred andl fimebmntel fregemrey ave chongacl . Therefore the Fourter series representatrn, has chanpecf, BF Maltiplicadem Suppose Had xay mel yet) core porvrodic with period r od xa AE a, yo oe by rer yln hy = ae bye x 2 aby Gf x rel, then Q DENT Parsevnl’s Relish “Pir” Continuous —Tiwe Periods Srqmals. AS th = Sat fmt = | 141sot Sumeg ed Depend He Cainer — ©) Eowttr Serta Time Domain Frequency Domain MO pervede with ed wo ee by Ann +8 YU AQ, + By ~Fnhe unto ae Smoot ett x Qe xd ayy Xe8) ot Kutt) <0 Sivee yank Ko yay Axa, Spode, xe veal xi reel even real # even Key rel F ode Ay imegrnary & oll Xe Ret ays Mo) Ft S Peneval: LS xusitele =F tay3.6 Fourler Series Representiony of Drerele — Time & Pertodic Syprels Def. twa 7s calleel a olescrele time periodic signal wth pewed wat called 4 pocwdre xiny= xn +wI 3.84) Sagumnce Yndamental period m the Smaller ponrtone integer Wo for who 29.63945 hole onal We = B te fanclrmmtel Example xen I n rr a ee pony ts a parcodea olescrel—tme stynel with parviecl v= 3, wn Bak Theorsss Ang povvedee direreh—towe shynul, wilh samvrnal wD Cm he Ompenrl mlo wt kwon wet jk tn xen == ye = Lae Ka Na calle olaerete ma fea Fourier Saves, ekTheorem Any perrodic. disorete time siprol , with perved NW, con be exporslel into pcb wl — Von ue ac ‘ ay eeen ve changadd a, ap Z, Mure “ fecal Verteble nto ¢. an a) | ue ike = (ae? jon 23 ah Be ers Cig FOP, Bee - Sai) <= Ne Whey ner, we TR Bp KEEN BINT = EMI, Cony fe teel. In the above proof dad we wed Wi Bon jenny é =ews kwon gy 4 MY atk Za a= LZ, me SLE nme ie 53 No. oy Exanple Find the DFS Colrerele. Fourter series) of the Sequence xen x. -Skewen = skEn £ = me == xtme -iket wk Es ak Es = EC ater + rE a year oF yey oF) SN \ = 4¢ cok cn") = foo cik) G@=0, a=-ti,a a=tt,© akon pees Aen a he - Me = 3k = wm ee ete Fourtay series the segienrce Example Final the DFS Coline 7 eae? pony 2 = oxenc-3h" EC merci? sxenetrencstonses) ‘ k $e exch OP ee ) SSM, oe ' att enk ecg? aon Lota?» ek ¢3.1 Properties Drsevele —Time Fourier Savies Time Domain Fregneng Paraan Hens paviedic mith a period yin ve w= L, = oh Axtni +8 40H) Ads > Eby Xtncnes age kOe elenion,., Onn xing oo Xena ak Exes yemrs Nay by mama yor, Zaghie ay= ay Fetay= Reta) mtny_ real Bn1Oy} = -InTOK] 1a) = 14) Len =~ Lae xing Teal even Ay teal @ even ems real & oeel Oy Imaginary € one ern Retayy wat FESIETS 2 BE deep Spat Peseral: fH, esta E taal Frumolamon tal Theorem Snyper xiny rx with peried aw. rf we clefoe xrny = xr201, Memimrenes aad olefme xem ae ay. Kitna am dy, WEN A CK then ik a =the e c)© Exanyle 2 21 Mg ne pared Prien £ | 2N=/0 if li on bres es 7 | w? xe > yee meat ue | Mes Me wee fl og, Ly Oo a3 e " or.2s 4 * one pored for x50 ome pore fore Artin v0] the Firclamental Theorem a Bak yen ap ash Bo xen =2-5 Vek ene em o Exam e +gh Emma os 420 nk bee i220 = ite me tbh me F* i! = tbs EO e,) The FFT CFask Fou for) Algorith HE A divectly evalaakd from gh Exim eK then ew maltiplrcrtrns ave mecdacl, While bh needs (tI mall yploeahoms Ce needs also at multtplicntems, The fimrelamental thewren, Hells ws Hat we can evalucle a, by find. i Het we only need to Perfom sev ist Ps nearly just ome half of cayess gy bi on Cy. Tht anttiploentrors Then =~ eEY wbTs callesl Zxeryple suo Solabeos x4 wegus Example Solatron GW)Example pevttuw <2 whe doo @) Sebutom rpm previow Oxonple we have otha owt Ji cttw ot = Takeong olerivabive poth sides with respect to &, we have Fut Ah ? ——, Seen eM = - aa That os - pe terttosay ole = Therefore, 7 totum —> Ga lacl a recterylnr pales Example tn one a rackeglor Po —7 —t ea 7 Soleten os sohde = fh cmatak-3f - Ht = Ele = §" coscah oft -5 J" simatolt Si Awe J 7 Seen 7 Ss este ma fhenet des Zamei[t = see Therefore,o jk x= BIT xa edo “constant ole value has om dere frequency crponnt Example — Prove thak a ) arse reg xw co jot : jet HSE eer dle = ob SP arse’ oly = J Seane™ Fay me Stole = | Gample Prove that oo vo se jet, : xe op ST ese eles = BSP arsurwne” le Perot se rm foe = fet ects = PEL Seanmrely =e” ‘) Exanple cosut <= 7 ase H's Solateon Cosiuet <> TSW + Sletten y Theefre, Coswok ee WStW—wey + TSW thlo) DPExanple. Siro <+ 7 Solatoey Fevot sinuet ° x a FB sewnney —E sew revey Therefore, Sinwoh <= Tsuru — EB re) real love apass CHink s mete the inverse formal) 2 The Fourier Tronsfom Fir Periedie Srgmals we know Hut ang porvocdca fret xt) Com be expan lool into a Fouriay serves wo, ike xO FUE what 3 the Fourter tens of x3 2 Lets introdice the Following Phasrenhewven oe tkwh ae = ae cake: ze =m oy Prof Use mrvese formale, wo gu Huy gh J were PT cee (at Be a = Bay Jeske oly lew a Ika = ESI sek oly jet = Zawe The prog! rs The Fourier tromsform 20}u> ef & Con Parlor xiy ts also calleal the spentum case @f periodic, the qpretun rs a sage We say tad a perioolic signal has a J) Coswek anel sinwek are preiodce — Hh We saw them on page bo anol g/, The Fourter trensfian Beinn gf a fork xu> os alco known as the fv of & system whose inpise yesponse ts wu Jc] 6 called He amplitocle fais 1s called the phaseRel rc} is called the veal frequency response In treo} re called the Ineginary frequency response Example Dray He ainplelule frequency responce ancl Phase freguency response of xuy— @ uur kro Solutrm oth ‘eo ot TH aa = se lxeno|= re | [880 = tant 2 7 _ lawxposs fille The plols of real and imaginary [requaney Tespunses ageimk are nat commonly rseel.Clam af Au ts real, then 2e~juy = Chay even put gf Xd) 2 cen old peck of xi) Claim Ff XU Te real panel XW= Xe + Kol than Mew 22 Reb xed Xe o> jm fzcpway Basmala hee A, =? emt i the even pert of 22 tun Therefive we have Le S.. Remember Hass property : wher xt 1s veal, yf xus os even, meu real; of xH) os odd, 2039) 7 pure Imaginary.Taking derivative to +, daw A= Sa > rer fiscoote35 Tine ancl Frequency Sealing iw neat) <> tect Xeky = eT) 43.6 Duality We saw Si =~ 1 omel | <-amSeus pea Me at seh — Eh we quests Yaad there a a kind of olualrly in Fourer framafien Yas, we have + ee Hare we dbrep j. xf Kus <= CWT then aay ng Fh mh coullnel A variable I 1s Me en Mecmy Yo eal ly & conclad SF use the form \ Use the fm Of X00) emel replace AHA and veplece w by t Clas # by — Example. Derive the par | = arbi frm the por Suet Bebadie, Sym The 2) =I Al Xow) = Bow, xu ew) By the above clam we Mave fires, Sew, impubie Simp °S eventBrangle = 7 aE Solntun On paye 65. We have oul 2k By olualely we Ame Prowf of Clarm ¢ alaalrty ) = jut ne ah Je xare dy iat sant = Se xan ey anxcwy a SR woe PM da = awe yy Z hes a the Fourier trensfirm of 0b) Thenfore— euy ao an rew, 427 Parsevals Relation SE law rde = gL J” pres prob44 The Conv: Property ye hweris a You Hep 2eejus > ef wo ne ea niu Pet uy = Soyo e Mt de = JT Chuo wm pe ole att = GE heme aed De ole = f% SS hue ey rood =P Cp ha PAN) xeorde 5, CS home dy) Hem OPM de = IT Hei xen PME te = Meda [were ele = Mee 2TH We see Hal Ah, Fourrey Provahivm into the multiplrentron converts the comnvelatron TA 1s the mot Protea t Prpety Of Fourtey trewsfonn. Example, aw > haya 5 -tey 34 Expres Yu) in terms of x Solution yw= Xie Saw) = xcte) Seek de =f? xu-de Scxtode Aunty §M Seenknde =X aahyb= Hee dy = bate momet performeo \ A Carpe) ate * basa Yaw = The question how ho fark A anol & AB Art 8CarS) Abt TWA HEAT IE co bee caxpwyebr iw) Casper we have. Abt Swat Ba wk =| Hence, FWlAtBI=D fr a4 = a =e yy | eure haw Leet et yuu Fined Yom hus * xa) Yerw) = Hepa Aefuy = carrey From page £6. we hue teow — t lew Therefore = pent Yer bE uy | Crim ts the cme tn previous Sreyle when aa.)4:5 The alleles Properly © XY =— Sy, 309 Yesew-ode- conveladin im oy writen as Frequeng cloner neyo <— sh Rae Yew Example Assume that Sup == Soy Ps gdver ag sa) a" PH = Corwet where we > 20, Fird anc shetel. the spectrum Rijuy of TH Su-Pm, pipe bo Soltstem / Ref) =PeSeay # Posy SCI mOSiwwoey + 18LUr+ 09) = FSciw-w) + ESCH two) The process of malksplyng & sinnserdel signal to anethey civ called modulatror‘WuOsS LSTINGS IHL JO SHUMBAOWS UY STEVE 2 we aa — ‘uve MUOSSIEL uBUNOH OYE zara0 Syston oleserrl 1 ty Xe a Haw Hejusy = Peder == thet tbe Core Oyctat 4 + acde + he Example. HY8 sayy = mw. 420 Find ite impale response, Solstown From Cn76> we have Hoi = hen get i anon inverse we howe nat hws 2 cay Exunple Find tts impulse response.Sala tem From 64.26) we have sone How = — 27S Gur t4ciey +S Gelling its partial frackim exponston we have 4 4 jor Jets Hew = a hw = tetua + Le uae Eronple 4 L7t syle re given by The tmput is giver as xu = Fun. Find yay, Solotin — Yequy = Hoe eu) = EE _ iene Ce Gearon Tear” Swi _ Antinr sy Teng + An GVH) + AnGaty™ Cari pCIe sy GWHRS Anciwt DEIN FARCE 3) EAU Tatty WC GUAT ES) + ARTO T Bn + Ay Cowie ait) = Aut Andie + QAutAnt 2Au)OW) + Bayt SAntAy Comparing confictats both sider, we haveAntéy = 0 AAwtAntAy = | SAutSARntAy => Then, You at yaa betuw +dpetuw — fe Faw