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1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenscavengingand
supercharging?
Ans:Scavengingisprocessofflushingoutburntgasesfrom
enginecylinderbyintroducingfreshairinthecylinderbefore
exhauststrokeends.Superchargingistheprocessof
supplyinghighermassofairbycompressingtheatmospheric
air.

2.Whatarethenamesgiventoconstanttemperature,
constantpressure,constantvolume,constantinternalenergy,
constantenthalpy,andconstantentropyprocesses.Ans:
Isothermal,isochroic,isobaric,freeexpression,throttlingand
adiabaticprocessesrespectively.

3.InaRankinecycleifmaximumsteampressureisincreased
keepingsteamtemperatureandcondenserpressuresame,
whatwillhappentodrynessfractionofsteamafterexpansion
?Ans:Itwilldecrease.

4.Whyentropychangeforareversibleadiabaticprocessis
zero?
Ans:Becausethereisnoheattransferinthisprocess.

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5.Whataretwoessentialconditionsofperfectgas?
Ans:Itsatisfiesequationofstateanditsspecificheatsare
constant.

6.Enthalpyandentropyarefunctionsofonesingle
parameter.Whichisthat?
Ans:Temperature.

7.Whyrateofcondensationishigheronapolishedsurface
comparedtorustysurface?
Ans:Polishedsurfacepromotesdropwisecondensationand
doesnotwetthesurface.

8.Howmuchresistanceisofferedtoheatflowbydropwise
condensation?
Ans:Nil

Howarethesequestionspleasedoadd
commentsandifyoulikethempleasedo
sharethispostonfacebook,linkedin,twitter
andgoogleplus.

9.WhatistherelationshipbetweenCOPofheatingand
cooling?
Ans:COPofheatingisone(unity)morethanCOPofcooling.

10.Howmuchistheworkdoneinisochoricprocess?
Ans:Zero.

11.Whenmaximumdischargeisobtainedinnozzle?
Ans:Atthecriticalpressureratio.

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1.Underwhatconditiontheworkdoneinreciprocating
compressorwillbeleast?
Ans:Itisleastwhencompressionprocessapproaches
isothermal.Forthispurpose,attemptsaremadetocoolthe
airduringcompression.

13.Whatisthedifferencebetweenstallingandsurgingin
rotarycompressions?
Ans:StallingisalocalphenomenonanditoccurswhenHow
breaksawayfromtheblades.Surgingcausescomplete
breakdownofflowandassuchitaffectsthewholemachine.

14.Whytheelectricmotorofafanwithbackwardcurved
bladesisnevergotoverloadedunderanycondition?
Ans:Themaximumpowerisconsumedatabout70%of
maximumflowincase'offanwithbackwardblades.For
higherflow,powerconsumptiongetslower.

15.Whytheworkperkgofairflowinaxialflowcompressoris
lesscomparedtocentrifugalcompressorforsamepressure
ratio?
Ans:Isentropicefficiencyofaxialflowcompressorishigher.

16.Whatisthenamegiventoportionofthermalenergytobe
necessarilyrejectedtoenvironment?
Ans:Anergy.

17.Whatispitting?Howitiscaused?
Ans:Nonuniformcorrosionovertheentiremetalsurface,but
occuringonlyinsmallpitsiscalledpitting.Itiscausedbylack
ofuniformityinmetal.

18.Whatiscausticembrittlement?
Ans:Itistheactualphysicalchangeinmetalthatmakesit
extremelybrittleandfilledwithminutecracks.Itoccurs
particularlyintheseamsofrivettedjointsandaroundtherivet
holes.
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19.Whichimpuritiesformhardscaleandwhichimpuritiessoft
scale?
Ans:Sulphatesandchloridesoflimeandmagnesiumform
hardscale,andcarbonatesoflimeandmagnesiumformsoft
scale.

20.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhardwaterandsoftwater
?
Ans:Hardwatercontainsexcessofscaleformingimpurities
andsoftwatercontainsverylittleornoscaleforming
substances.

21.Whichtwoelementsinfeedwatercancausecorrosionof
tubesandplatesinboiler?'
Ans:Acidandoxygeninfeedwaterleadtocorrosion.

22.Whatshouldbedonetopreventasafetyvalvetostickto
itsseat?
Ans:Safetyvalveshouldbeblownoffperiodicallysothatno
corrosioncantakeplaceonvalveandvalveseat.

23.Whylargeboilersarewatertubetype?
Ans:Watertubeboilersraisesteamfastbecauseoflarge
heattransferareaandpositivewatercirculation.Thusthey
respondfastertofluctuationsindemand.Furthersingletube
failuredoesnotleadtocatastrophy.

24.Whattypeofboilerdoesnotneedasteamdrum?
Ans:Supercriticalpressureboiler.

25.Whymanholesinvesselsareusuallyellipticalinshape?
Ans:Ellipticalshapehasminimumareaofopeningandthus
plateisweakenedtheleast.Furtheritisveryconvenientto
insertandtakeoutthecoverplatefromellipticalopening.

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26.Lowwaterinboilerdrumisunsafebecauseitmayresult
inoverheatingofwatertubesinfurnace.Whyitisunsafeto
havehighwaterconditioninboilerdrum?
Ans:Highdrumleveldoesnotallowsteamseparationtobe
effectiveandsomewatercanbecarriedoverwithsteam
whichisnotdesirableforsteamturbine.

27.Whyboilerispurgedeverytimebeforestartingfiringof
fuel?
Ans:Purgingensuresthatanyunburntfuelinfurnaceis
removed,otherwiseitmayleadtoexplosion.

28.Whatistheprincipleofmechanicalrefrigeration?
Axis.Avolatileliquidwillboilundertheproperconditionsand
insodoingwillabsorbheatfromsurroundingobjects.

29.Whyhighlatentheatofvaporisationisdesirableina
refrigerant?
Ans:Ahighlatentheatofvaporisationofrefrigerantresultsin
smallamountofrefrigerantandthuslessercirculationsystem
ofrefrigerantforsametonnage.

30.Whatisthecriticaltemperatureofarefrigerant?
Ans:Criticaltemperatureisthemaximumtemperatureofa
refrigerantratwhichitcanbecondensedintoliquidand
beyondthisitremainsgasirrespectiveofpressureapplied.

31.Maximumcombustiontemperatureingasturbinesisof
theorderof1100to10Cwhereassameisaround00Cin
I.C.engine?Why?
Ans:HightemperatureinI.C.enginecanbetolerated
becauseitlastsforafractionofsecondbutgasturbineshave
tofaceitcontinuouslywhichmetalscan'twithstand.

32.WhyefficiencyofgasturbinesislowercomparedtoI.C.
engines?
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Ans:Ingasturbines,70%oftheoutputofgasturbineis
consumedbycompressor.I.C.engineshavemuchlower
auxiliaryconsumption.Furthercombustiontemperatureof
I.C.enginesismuchhighercomparedtogasturbine.

33.Whatdoyouunderstandbytimedcylinderlubrication?
Ans:Foreffectivelubrication,luboilneedstobeinjected
betweentwopistonringswhenpistonisatbottomofstroke
sothatpistonridesinoiduringupwardmovement.Thisway
lotofluboilcanbesavedandusedproperly.

34.WhatisIIUCRinrelationtopetrolengine?
Ans:HUCRishighestusefulcompressionratioatwhichthe
fuelcanbeusedinaspecifictestengine,underspecified
operatingconditions,withoutknocking.

35.Insomeenginesglycerineisusedinplaceofwaterfor
coolingofengine.Why?
Ans:Glycerinehasboilingpointof90Cwhichincreasesits
heatcarryingcapacity.Thusweightofcoolantgetsreduced
andsmallerriadiatorcanbeused.

36.Whyconsumptionoflubricatingoilismoreintwostroke
cyclepetrolenginethanfourstrokecyclepetrolengine?
Ans:Intwostrokeengineluboilismixedwithpetrolandthus
someluboilisblownoutthroughtheexhaustvalvesby
scavengingandchargingair.Thereisnosuchwastagein
fourstrokepetrolengine.

37.Ascompressionratioincreases,thermalnincreases.How
isthermalnaffectedbyweakandrichmixturestrength?
Ans:Thermalnishighforweakmixtureanditdecreasesas
mixturestrengthbecomesrich.

38.Howenginedesignneedstobechangedtoburnlean
mixture?

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Ans:Enginetoburnleanmixtureuseshighcompressionratio
andthehighlyturbulentmovementofthechargeis
producedbythegeometryofthecombustionchamber.

39.HorsepowerofI.C.enginescanbeexpressedasRAC
rating,SAErating,orDINrating.Towhichcountriesthese
standardsbelong?
Ans:U.K.,USAandGermanyrespectively.

40.Whatistheuseofflashchamberinavapourcompression
refrigerationcycletoimprovetheCOPofrefrigerationcycle?
Ans:Whenliquidrefrigerantasobtainedfromcondenseris
throttled,therearesomevapours.Thesevapoursifcarried
throughtheevaporatorwillnotcontributetorefrigerating
effect.Usingaflashchamberatsomeintermediatepressure,
theflashvapouratthispressurecanbebledoffandfedback
tothecompressionprocess.Thethrottlingprocessisthen
carriedoutinstages.Similarlycompressionprocessisalso
doneintwoseparatecompressorstages.

41.Whypistonsareusuallydishedattop?
Ans:Pistonsareusuallyhollowedattopto(i)providegreater
spa'eforcombustion,(ii)increasesurfaceforfluegasesto
actupon,and(iii)betterdistributionofstresses.

42.Whatisthefunctionofthermostatincoolingsystemofan
engine?
Ans:Thermostatensuresoptimumcoolingbecauseexcessive
coolingdecreasestheoverallefficiency.Itallowscooling
watertogotoradiatorbeyondapredeterminedtemperature.

43.Whatarethecausesoffailureofboilertubes?
Ans:Boilertubes,usuallyaremadefromcarbonsteelandare
subjectto(a)highratesofheattransfer,(b).bending
stressesduetounevenheating,especiallyatexpandedor
weldedjointsintoheadersordrums,externalerosionfrom
burnersandfluegas,(d)possiblecorrosionontheboiler
side,and(e)occasionalmanufacturingdefects.
Failuremayoccurduetofollowingreasons:
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(a)Highthermalratingsmayleadtorapidfailureifthe
internalfluidflowisreducedforanyreason.Theresultant
overheatingleadstoafailurebycreep,characterisedbythe
bulgingofthetubewiththeeventualdevelopmentofa
longitudinalsplit.
(b)Fatiguecrackingduetobendingstressesoccur.These
areassociatedwithchangeofsectionand/orweldundercut,
wheretubesareexpandedorweldedintoheaders.
Failuremayariseduetooverstressingofareducedsection
ofmetal.
(d)Suddenfailureoftheboilertubeduetocorrosionarises
fromembrittlementofthecarbonsteelduetointeraction
betweenatomichydrogenfromthecorrosionprocessandthe
ironcarbidepresentinthesteel.
(e)Defectsintubemanufacture,althoughfarfrombeinga
regularoccurrence,canbeacauseofserioustrouble.
Laminationinboilertubesorscoremarksarisingfromthe
colddrawingoftubes,giverisetoprematurefailureandmay
promotecorrosionattheseregions.

44.Whatarethecausesoffailureofsuperheatertubes?
Ans:Superheatertubesaresubjectedtothemostsevere
combinationofstress,temperatureandcorrosive
environment.Inadditiontohightemperaturestrength,
resistancetocorrosionisalsoimportant.Forexample,low
alloyferriticsteelsuchas1/%Cr,1%Mowouldnotbeused
atmetaltemperaturesabove580Cbecauseofinadequate
resistancetocorrosionandoxidationoverafullservicelifeof
100,000/150,000hr.
Failuresinsuperheatertubesmayarisefrom:
(a)Priorfabricationhistory(b)Faultyheattreatment
Consequencesofwelding(d)Overheatingofthetubemetal
(e)Gassidecorrosion(f)Stresscorrosion(austeniticsteels).

45.Whysupercriticalboilersuselessamountofsteel
comparedtononsupercriticalboilers?
Ans:Supercriticalboilersdonotheadheavydrumfor
separationofsteamfrommixtureofwaterandsteam.

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46.Outofelectricheaterandheatpump,whichiseconomical
inoperation?
Ans:Heatpump.

47.Whichfurnaceburnslowashfusioncoalandretainsmost
ofthecoalashintheslag?
Ans:Cyclonefurnace.

48.Howthethicknessofthermalboundarylayerand
thicknessofhydrodynamicboundarylayerrelated?
Ans:Ratiooftheirthickness=(Prandtlnumber)1/3.

49.Whatistheeffectoffrictiononflowofsteamthrougha
nozzle?
Ans:Todecreasebothmassflowrateandwetnessofsteam.

50.Whygasturbinepowerplantneedsefficientcompressor?
Ans:Becausealargeportionofturbineworkiseatenawayby
compressoranditsinefficiencywillaffectnetpoweroutput
andcostofgeneration.

51.Whyrocketsusingliquidhydrogenhavehigherspecific
impulsecomparedtoliquidhydrocarbon?
Ans:Liquidhydrogenhashigherburningvelocity.

52.Whyaxialflowcompressorispreferredforgasturbines
foraeroplanes?
Ans:Becauseithaslowfrontalarea.

53.Whatistheeffectofintercoolingingasturbines?
Ans:Itdecreasesthermalefficiencybutincreasesnetoutput.

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54.WhyisooctaneischosenasreferencefuelforS.I.
enginesandallotted100valueforitsoctanenumber?
Ans:Isooctanepermitshighestcompressionwithoutcausing
knocking.

55.WhythermalefficiencyofI.C.enginesismorethanthatof
gasturbineplant?
Ans:InI.C.enginemaximumtemperatureattainedishigher
thaningasturbine.

56.WhicharethereferencefuelsforknockratingofS.I.
engines?
Ans:nheptaneandISOoctane.

57.Wheneffectofvariationsinspecificheatsisconsidered
thenhowdomaximumtemperatureandpressurevary
comparedtoairstandardcycle?
Ans:Temperatureincreasesandpressuredecreases.

58.Quantitieslikepressure,temperature,density,viscosity,
etc.areindependentofmass.Whatarethesecalled?
Ans:Intensiveproperties.

59.Theamountofradiationemittedperscmperseciscalled
....?
Ans:Emissivepower.

60.Inconvectionheattransfer,ifheatfluxintensityisdoubled
thentemperature
differencebetweensolidsurfaceandfluidwill?
Ans:Getdoubled.

61.Howyoucandefinecoal?

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Ans:Coalisanaturallyoccurringhydrocarbonthatconsistsof
thefossilisedremainsofburiedplantdebristhathave
undergoneprogressivephysicalandchemicalalteration,
calledcoalification,inthecourseofgeologictime.

62.Whichpollutantismajorgreenhousegasandwhatisits
effect?
Ans:COismajorgreenhousegasandittrapstheradiationof
heatfromthesunwithinearth'satmosphere.

63.InordertoincreaseefficiencyandreduceCOemissions
andotheremissions,clearcoaltechnologiesarereceiving
majorattention.Whatarethese?
Ans:(i)Advancedpulverisedandpressurisedpulverisedfuel
combustion.
(ii)Atmosphericfluidisedbedcombustionandpressurised
fluidisedbedcombustion.
(iii)Supercriticalboilers.
(iv)Integratedgasificationcombinedcyclesystems.
(v)Advancedintegratedgasification,includingfuelcell
systems.
(vi)Magnetohydrodynamicelectricitygeneration.

64.Whataretheimportantoperationalperformance
parametersindesignoffuelfiringequipment?
Ans:Fuelflexibility,electricalloadfollowingcapability,
reliability,availability,andmaintenanceease.

65.Whatisthedifferencbetweentotalmoistureandinherent
moistureincoal?
Ans:Themoisturecontentofthebulkassampledisreferred
toastotalmoisture,andthatoftheairdriedsampleiscalled
inherentmoisture.

66.Proximityanalysisofcoalprovidesdataforafirst,general
assessmentofacoal'squalityandtype.Whatelementsit
reports?
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Ans:Moisture,volatilematter,ashandfixedcarbon.

67.Ultimateanalysisofcoaliselementaryanalysis.Whatitis
concernedwith?
Ans:Carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,andsulphurincoalona
weightpercentagebasis.

68.ExplainthedifferencebetweenAFBC,BFBC,PFBCand
PCFBinregardtofluidisedbedtechnologies.
Ans:AFBC(Atmosphericfluidisedbedcombustion)process
consistsofformingabedofinertmaterialslikefinelysized
ashorashmixedwithsand,limestone(forsulphurremoval),
andsolidfuelparticlesinacombustorandfluidisingitby
forcingcombustionairupthroughthebedmixture.Thegas
flowsthorughbedwithoutdisturbingparticlessignificantlybut
gasvelocityishighenoughtosupportthetotalweightofbed
(fluidisation).Atslightlyhighervelocityexcessgaspasses
throughthebedasbubbles(fluidisedbed)andgivesthebed
theappearanceofaboilingliquid.
Bubblingfluidisedbedcombustion(BFBC)hasadefined
heightofbedmaterialandoperatesatornearatmospheric
pressureinthefurnace.
Pressurisedfluidisedbedcombustion(PFBC)system
operatesthebedatelevatedpressure.Exhaustgaseshave
sufficientenergytopoweragasturbine,ofcourse,gases
needtobecleaned.
Influidisedcombustion,asashisremovedsomeunburned
carbonisalsoremovedresultinginlowerefficiency.In
circulatingfluidisedbedcombustion(CFBC)system,bedis
operatedathigherpressureleadingtohighheattransfer,
highercombustionefficiency,andbetterfuelfeed.Circulating
fluidisedbedsoperatewithrelativelyhighgasvelocitiesand
fineparticlesizes.Themaintenanceofsteadystate
conditionsinafastfluidisedbedrequiresthecontinuous
recycleofparticlesremovedbythegasstream(circulating
bed).Thetermcirculatingbedisoftenusedtoinclude
fluidisedbedsystemscontainingmultipleconventional
bubblingbedsbetweenwhichbedmaterialisexchanged.

69.WhatforSchmidtplotforisusedinheattransfer
problems?

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Ans:Schmidtplotisagraphicalmethodfordeterminingthe
temperatureatanypointinabodyataspecifiedtimeduring
thetransientheatingorcoolingperiod.

70.Inwhichreactorthecoolantandmoderatorarethesame
?
Ans:Pressurisedwaterreactor.

71.Whichreactorhasnomoderator?
Ans:Fastbreederreactor.

72.Whatarethermalneutrons?
Ans:Thermalneutronsareslowneutrons(havingenergy
below1eV)whichareinthermalequilibriumwiththeir
surroundings.

73.Whatisbigadvantageoffastbreederreactor?
Ans:Ithasrapidselfbreedingoffissilefuelduringthe
operationofthereactor,andthus,itoffersaboutsixtytimes
theoutputwithsamenaturaluraniumresourcesthrough
ordinarynonbreedernuclearreactor.

74.Whatisthepurposeofbiologicalshieldinnuclearplants?
Ans:Biologicalshieldofheavyconcretepreventsexposureto
neutrons,betaraysandgammarayswhichkilllivingthings.

75.Whichtwoelementshavesamepercentageinproximate
andultimateanalysisofcoal?
Ans:Moistureandash.

76.OnwhichanalysisisbasedtheDulong'sformulaforthe
heatingvalueoffuel?
Ans:Onultimateanalysis.

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77.Whichelementcausesdifferenceinhigherandlower
heatingvaluesoffuel?
Ans:Hydrogen.

78.Whichheatingvalueisindicatedbyacalorimeterandwhy
?
Ans:Grossheatingvaluebecausesteamiscondensedand
heatofvapourformedisrecovered.

79.Statethedifferencebetweenultimateandproximate
analysisofcoal?
Ans:Inultimateanalysis,chemicaldeterminationoffollowing
elementsismadebyweight:Fixedandcombinedcarbon,H,
O,N,S,waterandash.HeatingvalueisduetoC,HandS.
Inproximateanalysisfollowingconstituentsaremechanically
determinedbyweight.Moisture,volatilematter,fixedcarbon
andash.Heatingvalueisduetofixedcarbonandvolatile
matter.

80.Whatisfuelratio?
Ans:Fuelratioistheratioofits%ageoffixedcarbonto
volatilematter.

81.Howtheanalysesandcalorificvaluesoffuelscanbe
reported?
Ans:Itmaybereportedas
(a)asreceivedorfired(wet)basis
(b)dryormoisturefreebasis
combustibleorashandmoisturefreebasis

82.Whatisthedifferencebetweennuclearfissionandfission
chainreaction.
Ans:Theprocessofsplittingofnucleusintotwoalmostequal
fragmentsaccompaniedbyreleaseofheatisnuclearfission.
Selfsustained,continuing,sequenceoffissionreactionsina
controlledmannerisfissionchainreaction.
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83.Explaindifferencebetweenfissileandfertilematerials.
Ans:Thematerialswhichcangivenuclearfissione.g.U35,
Pu39,U33arefissilematerials.Fertilematerialitselfisnot
fissionable,butitcanbeconvertedtoafissionablematerial
byirradiationofneutronsinanuclearreactor.

84.Whatdoyouunderstandbyfuelcycleinnuclearplants?
Ans:Fuelcycleaseriesofsequentialstepsinvolvedin
supplyingfueltoanuclearpowerreactor.Thestepsinclude:
Mining,refininguranium,fabricationoffuelelements,their
useinnuclearreactor,chemicalprocessingtorecover
remainingfissionablematerial,reenrichmentoffuelfrom
recoveredmaterial,refabricationofnewfuelelements,waste
storageetc.

85.Whatisheavywaterandwhatisitsuseinnuclearplants
?
Ans:Watercontainingheavyisotopesofhydrogen
(Deuterium)isknownasheavywater.Heavywaterisusedas
amoderator.Heavywaterhaslowcrosssectionfor
absorptionofneutronsthanordinarywater.Heavywater
slowsdownthefastneutronsandthusmoderatesthechain
reaction.

86.Whatisaconverterreactor?
Ans:Areactorplantwhichisdesignedtoproducemorefuel
thanitconsumes.Thebreedingisobtainedbyconverting
fertilematerialtofissilematerial.

87.Explainnuclearreactorinbrief.
Ans:Aplantwhichinitiates,sustains,controlsandmaintains
nuclearfissionchainreactionandprovidesshieldingagainst
radioactiveradiationisnuclearreactor.

88.Whatisthedifferencebetweenconversionand
enrichment?

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Ans:TheprocessofconvertingthenonfissileU38tofissile
U35isalsocalled"Conversion".ThemateriallikeU38which
canbeconvertedtoafissilematerialbytheneutronfluxis
called"fertilematerial".Theconversionisobtainedwithinthe
nuclearreactorduringthechainreaction.
Enrichmentistheprocessbywhichtheproportionoffissile
uraniumisotope(U35)isincreasedabove0.7%(original%in
naturaluranium).
TheconcentrationofU35intheuraniumhexafluorideis
increasedfromthe0.7%innaturaluraniumtoto4%.Thisis
calledenrichmentandisaccomplishedinanenrichment
plant.

89.Disposalofradioactivewastematerialsandspentfuelisa
majorandimportanttechnology.Howthewasteradioactive
materialisdisposedoff?
Ans:Nonusablefissionproductsareradioactiveandtake
short/medium/longtimeforradioactivedecaytoreachsafe
levelofradioactivity.Accordinglythreemethodsofdisposal
are:
(a)Zeroorlowradioactivitymaterialisdispersedorstored
withoutelaborateshielding.
(b)Mediumradioactivitymaterialisstoredforshortduration
ofabout5yearstoallowdecayofradioactivity.
Highradioactivematerial.Theyarestoredinwaterfor
severalmonthstopermitradioactivedecaytoanaccepetable
lowlevel.

90.Whichnuclearreactoruseswaterasacoolant,moderator
andreflector?
Ans:Pressurisedwaterreactor.

91.Whichreactorproducesmorefissionablematerialthanit
consumes?
Ans:Breederreactor.

92.Whichreactorusesnaturaluraniumasfuel?
Ans:Gascooledreacator.
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93.Whichreactorusesheavywaterasmoderator?
Ans:CANDU.

94.Whichreactorrequiresnomoderator?
Ans:Breederreactor.

95.Whichreactorusesprimarycoolantasfluoridesaltsof
lithium,beryllium,thoriumanduranium?
Ans:Moltensaltbreederreactor.

96.Whyanincreaseinareaisrequiredtoproducean
increaseofvelocityincaseofsupersonicflow?
Ans:Increaseinareaforincreaseinvelocityforsupersonic
flowisrequiredbecausethedensitydecreasesfasterthan
velocityincreasesatsupersonicspeedsandtomaintain
continuityofmass,areamustincrease.

97.Underwhatcircumstanceswouldtherebeanincreasein
pressureinadivergentnozzle?
Ans:Forsubsonicflowatinletsectionofadiffuseralower
velocityandhigherpressurewillexistattheexitsection.For
supersonicisentropicflowattheinletsectionahighervelocity
andlowerpressurewillexistattheexitbutifashockwave
occursinthediffuserthenahigherpressurewillexistatthe
exit.

98.Whywatercan'tbeusedasrefrigerantforsmall
refrigeratingequipment?
Ans:Therefrigerantshouldbesuchthatvapourvolumeislow
sothatpumpingworkwillbelow.Watervapourvolumeis
around4000timescomparedtoRforagivenmass.

99.Whichparameterremainsconstantinathrottlingprocess
?
Ans:Enthalpy.
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100.Whatisthedifferencebetweenisentropicprocessand
throttlinglprocess?
Ans:Inisentropicprocess,heattransfertakesplaceandin
throttlingprocess,enthalpybeforeandaftertheprocessis
same.

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17Comments
SanjeevKumarJha1
PostedOctober9,2014

veryveryuseful.....thanxalot
MubsharKhalidlikesthis

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AnkitDhaka0
PostedJune25,2015

Thanksalot!
Hopingformoreusefulinformation...!!!

PrabhuRam0
PostedSeptember20,2015

Niceeffort.Kudos.

PrinceMishra1
PostedSeptember21,2015

Thanksforgiventhebasicconceptsabtthemechanical
engineering...
sanketssjlikesthis

SaahilJaan 0
PostedFebruary10

super

Mechanicals6
PostedFebruary18

verynice.Thanks!!

ShridharGaikwad 0
PostedMarch6

helpfullQ.Thankyou

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Kiranchougala1
PostedMarch9

SlightCorrectionin2ndQuestion.
ConstantPressureprocessisIsobaric
ConstantVolumeProcessisIsochoric
mechmusalikesthis

mechmusa1
PostedMarch12

Heatpumporrefrigerator?whichoneismore
economical?

manojshette1
PostedApril6

Great,
goodinformationarepresenthereaboutBoilerindustrial
askedQuestiononinterviewtime.wehavevacancyFor
ExperiencedBoilerHandlerCandidateforregistartion
VisitJaihindboiler
Er_Rakeshlikesthis

SandeepKumarMohanta6
PostedAugust28

Thanksalotwhoshearedthis.....
thankusir...

UditKumarDas0
PostedAugust29

Good

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bharat1110
PostedSeptember2

whichprocessesisthereanincreaseinentropywithno
degradationofenergy?why?

hemantmorya....0
PostedSeptember4

On3/12/2016at1:02PM,mechmusasaid:

Heatpumporrefrigerator?whichoneismore
economical?

Heatpumpbecauseitscopismorethanref.Unity

waybasebaba0
PostedOctober12

verynice,sir
Veryuseful....

RahulKumarMaurya0
PostedOctober12

Really,
Verygoodinformation......

Shubhamthapliyal0
Posted3hoursago

Veryusefullquestions

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