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Project Management

Introduction to Microsoft Project 1

Rajiv Misra

Defining A Project in MS Project

1.
2.
3.
4.

Steps
Create a new project file.
Setup the Project Views, Table and Calendar
Define WBS code structure.
Entering activity information.

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Create a new project file.

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Create an MS Project File


1.Click on White Document Icon
2. Fill in the Project Information
and click OK.
You can access Project Information
later from the Project menu.

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Create an MS Project File

Backward vs Forward
Scheduling

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Getting Specific Help


1.Click on question mark icon

2. Move the cursor onto the


Option and click.

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Setup the Project Views,


Table and Calendar
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Understanding View / Table

TABLE

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VIEW

Understanding View / Table

TABLE
TABLE

VIEW
VIEW
Note different style of Table/ View

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Setting the View

Select this

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Setting the View

Select this
Detail Gantt

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Setting the Table

Select this
Schedule

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Navigating the Table

Use the Slider


To see Columns

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Navigating the Table


Use the Slider
To see Columns
This table shows
Slack values too

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Understanding the Calendar


Calendars
Project
And
Resource

Gray
Portion
Indicates
Holiday
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Understanding the Calendar


Project
Calendar

Resource
Calendar

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Changing the Calendar


Project
Calendar

Resource
Calendar

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Changing the Calendar


Project
Calendar
Resource
Calendar
Select dates
And this
Radio button
For Working
day
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Entering activity information

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A Simple Project

project
1
2.1
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2.2

2.3

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Entering Activity Information


To add activity double click on
the any field (e.g. Task Name).
or you can right-click on any
field and select Task Information.
or if you right-click on the
row header you get access to a
wider set of actions..

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Entering Activity Information


1.Task Name

2.Duration

3.WBS
Code
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Entering Activity Information


2. Enter Predecessors

1.Click Predecessors

Now enter work packages (not the summary tasks) which are
given to you in the Assignment
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Entering Activity Information


1. Enter Predecessors

2. Enter Relation type:


FS, SS, SF, OR FF

Now enter work packages (not the summary tasks) which are
given to you in the Assignment
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Entering Activity Information


1. Enter Predecessors

2. Enter Relation type:


FS, SS, SF, OR FF

3. Lead or
Lag

Now enter work packages (not the summary tasks) which are
given to you in the Assignment
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Sub Projects and


Recurring Tasks
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Sub Project

Link the project to other tasks like any other activity


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Sub Project

Changes
here affect
Main
Project

Link the project to other tasks like any other activity


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Sub Project

Link the project to other tasks like any other activity


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Recurring Tasks
(Insert Recurring Tasks)

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Summary Tasks (Heading)

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Defining Summary Tasks


First insert a task right above the tasks that will
make up the summary task, by right-clicking on
the row header.

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Defining Summary Tasks

Note how initially a WBS


code of 9 is automatically
assigned. This will change
when Indent operation is
complete.
Select the tasks that will
make up the summary task,
right-click and select
Indent.
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Defining Summary Tasks


After the Indent operation is complete, and WBC codes are
renumbered as described in slide 13, we obtain the structure
displayed below.

You can hide a summary task


by clicking on the minus sign.
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Summary task duration is


calculated automatically.
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Do NOT forget
to save your file as
<username>-PART1.

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Define WBS code structure.

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Defining WBS Code Structure


1.Click on
Project

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2.Select WBS, then


Define Code...

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Defining WBS Code Structure


Level of WBS
depends on
complexity of the
project. In this
project there
are 2 levels.

Code Structure, changes


made below settings
can be followed
by this preview.

Generally, for complex projects with many levels, letters are used for upper levels of
the WBS hierarchy.
It is very important that you set the WBS structure correctly in the beginning :
Once you set the it, it it would be difficult to change it.
Clearly defined WBS means that the project is already solved in the mind.
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Defining WBS Code Structure


Length of the codes can be set here.
Click on Length, the box below will
be opened.
Select 1, since there are not too many
activities in this WBS.

Click on Separator. Select .

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Displaying WBS

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Displaying WBS Code


Select the column header
where you want the new
WBS column.
Right-click and select
Insert Column.
Choose WBS as the
Field name of the new
column.

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Displaying WBS Codes


These codes can be automatically (re)generated using
the WBS code structure you have defined earlier.

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Developing a Network Plan

Steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

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Network Diagram view (AoN network).


Customizing Network Diagram view.
Identifying critical path(s).
Overview Report.
Current Activities Report.
Printing a Gantt chart.
Creating a Milestone.

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Checking the Gantt Chart


Project Network
Select
Detail Gantt
View
Red Bars
indicate
CRITICAL
SLACK is
shown as
GREEN lines
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Viewing Only the Critical Path


Select Critical

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Viewing Only the Critical Path


Select Critical

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Developing an Activity-On-Node (AoN)


Project Network
Select
Network
Diagram

These make up
the summary
task. You can
hide them by
clicking on the
minus sign.
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Customizing Network Diagram


You may want to see different information on the nodes.

Right-click on the background,


then select Box Styles

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Customizing Network Diagram


Click
More Templates...

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Customizing Network Diagram


Select New...

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Customizing Network Diagram


1.Give a
name to
your template
Info:
You may
folllow
the changes
in your
template
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2.You may
change the
cell layout
(# rows &
# columns)
by clicking
this icon.
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Customizing Network Diagram

1.Select
the activity
Property
such as
Late finish

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2.Check
Show
label in
cell.

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Identifying the Critical Path


Critical path indicated
by RED boxes

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To see the details, move


the pointer on to boxes

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Viewing Only the Critical Path


Select Critical

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Reports

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Getting an Overview Report

1.Select View

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2.Select Reports

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Getting an Overview Report

1.Select
Overview

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2.Enter
Select

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Getting an Overview Report


1.Select
Project
Summary

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2.Enter
Select

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Getting an Overview Report


Project Summary Report

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Print out ES-LS-EF-LF-Slack Times


1.From View menu
Select Reports
2.Select
3. Select
Current Activities

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Print out ES-LS-EF-LF-Slack Times


1.Select
Unstarted Tasks

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2.Edit...

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Print out ES-LS-EF-LF-Slack Times


1.From Table option,
select Schedule

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2. OK

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Print out ES-LS-EF-LF-Slack Times


1. Choose
Unstarted Tasks

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2. Select

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Print out ES-LS-EF-LF-Slack Times


Report with ES,LS,EF,LF and Slack

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Print out a Gantt Chart


Or alternatively,
1.Go to View , then
2. Select Gantt Chart
1.Click on
Gantt Chart

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Print Out a Gantt Chart:


Obtaining A Printable Timescale
1.Right click mouse,
when your pointer is on the timescale

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2.Select Timescale

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Print Out a Gantt Chart:


Obtaining A Printable Timescale
1.Click on
Major Scale

2.Select
Months

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Print Out a Gantt Chart:


Obtaining A Printable Timescale
1.Click on
Minor Scale

2.Select
Days

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Print Out a Gantt Chart:


Obtaining A Printable Timescale
1.Arrange
the Size of timescale
by increasing
or decreasing this
number.

You can follow the changes in the timescale


by observing this area.
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2.Click OK.
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Print Out a Gantt Chart


1.Select
Print Preview

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Print out a Gantt Chart


Click on Page Setup...
to set the printoutput styles

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Milestones

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Creating a Milestone

1.Right-click on
the activity where
you want to put
a milestone.

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2.Click on the
New Task

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Creating a Milestone

1.Double-click
on this
new activity

2.Select Advanced.
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Creating a Milestone
1.Give a name to your milestone

2. Give zero
duration.

3. Check Mark task as milestone.


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Creating a Milestone
1.Click on
Predecessors.

2.Choose necessary
activities
to link your milestone
to the network

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Creating a Milestone

NOTE: Pay attention to Predecessors column. When you add


any new task these numbers are changed automatically; therefore
you do not need to change predecessors of each activity.

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Creating a Milestone

1.Select Network View.


Milestone 1 is in the network.
Note that its shape is different from regular activities.
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Do NOT forget
to save your file as
<username>-PART2.
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Resources

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Entering Resources-1

1.Click on
View

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2.Select
Resource Sheet

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Entering Resources-2

1.Click on the Resource


Name cell to enter the
resource name.

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2.There are two types of


resources. One is labor, the
other one is material. In this
example project we just have
workers as a resource.
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Entering Resources-3

1.Write the label


of material here.
In this project
there is no
material.
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2.Write the
initials of
workers.

3. Enter the number of


units in this cell. 100%
means that resource or
department is used
fully.50% means that half
capacity of that resource is
used.
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Entering Resources-4

1.Standard Rate:
Write the
standard hourly
wage rate of
resources.

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2.Overtime Rate:
Write the hourly
overtime rate. If a
resource is used
overtime, this rate is
used to calculate the
cost of overtime work.

3.Cost per use:


A set fee for the
use of a
resource.(e.g.
Travel cost,
insurance) It is
not related with
the working
hours.
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Entering Resources-5
This cell is used for accounting
purposes. There are 3 types of
entering the cost of
resources.In this example we
will use Prorated
Start: Cost at the beginning of the work.
Prorated: Cost accrues while activity progress. If 30% of the
work is finished, 30% of the cost related with that work accrued.
End:Cost is accrued at the end of the work.
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Entering Resources-6
Through Base Calender
cell, you can assign different
calendars to different
resources. In this example,
Standard calendar is used:
5 working-days in a week, 8
hours a day.
There are 2 more default base calendars which are 24
Hours and Night Shift. Other than these, you can create
resources own calendars from Tools, Change Working
Time.... In the appeared dialog box choose New... icon.
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Resource Information Dialog Box


1.Double-click on
the resource
name cell.

Resource
Information
box will appear
You can also enter resourse details using this dialog box
instead of Resource Sheet. There are lots of details in this
dialog box, Do Not Be Lost in these details.
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Resource Information Dialog Box


1.Double-click on
the resource
name cell.

Manage Costs
Information

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Resource Information Dialog Box

Rates for
different
periods can be
given here
Different Cost
tables A-F
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Work Contours (View Task Usage. Click


on Task Assignment Resource)

Work Load
varies over time
Front vs back

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Assigning Resources to Tasks


1.Double click on
an activity
2.From Task
Information
dialog box, click
on Resources
3.Enter the
resources which
are needed for
this activity.
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100% means that this resource, A


in this case, is used at full capacity.
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A Simple Project

project
1
2.1
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2.2

2.3

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Resource Leveling

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Identify which resources are overloaded-1

1.Go to View
men

2.Click on
Resources Usage
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Identify which resources are overloaded-2

The resources in
red are overloaded
on at least one day.

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Identify which resources are overloaded-3

By scrolling to the right, you can see when each resource is


used, how much it is used and whether it is overloaded
(indicated with red colour)
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Graphical Display of the Load Distribution of Each


Resource Over Time-1

1.Go to
View menu.

2.Select
Resource Graph
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Graphical Display of the Load Distribution of Each


Resource Over Time-2

By scrolling this cursor


to the right, you can see
other resources.
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By scrolling this cursor


to the right, you can see
resource load over time.
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Graphical Display of the Load Distribution of Each


Resource Over Time-3

Red area indicates


that this resource is
overallocated at
these times

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Resolve over-allocation problems-1

1.Go to Tools

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2.Select
Resource Leveling

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Ways of Leveling Resources


Automatic: Automatic

leveling levels
resources instantaneously when you change a
task or resource. If your project is large,
automatic leveling might slow down your work
in the schedule.
Manual:Manual leveling allows you to
control when Microsoft Project levels
resources.
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Resolve over-allocation problems-2

1.Check Manual

2.Select
Week by Week

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Time-Unit Used in Leveling


Example:
Resource A has a weekly capacity of 40 hours, and
daily capacity of 8 hours.
His workload on Monday of his 1st week is 10 hours.
His workload for the entire 1st week is 38 hours.
Then, week-by-week leveling will not perform any
leveling for resource A in week 1.
Day-by-day leveling would change the schedule.

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Resolving Methods Available in MS


Project
Level only within available slack: Select this check box if
you want to prevent the finish date of your project from being
delayed. In many projects, however, unless there is a lot of
built-in slack, with this setting you might not see a significant
change after leveling.
Leveling can adjust individual assignments on a task:
Select this check box to allow leveling to adjust when a
resource works on a task independent of the other resources
working on the same task.
Leveling can create splits in remaining work: Select this
check box if you want leveling to interrupt tasks by creating
splits in the remaining work on tasks or assignments.
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Resolve over-allocation problems-3

1.Select
Standart option

2.Check
Level only within
available lack

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Resolve over-allocation problems-4

2.Do not check


others.
2.Click on
Level now

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Save Your Results


SAVE AS YOUR RESULTS
AS
<username>-part3-2

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in the Leveling Gantt


Chart

1.Go to View
2.Select
More Views

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in the Leveling Gantt


Chart

1.Select
Leveling Gantt

2.Click on Apply

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in the Leveling Gantt


Chart

1. Effects of leveling seen as green lines


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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in Summary


Report -1

1.Go to Toolbar

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2.Select
Resource Leveling

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in Summary


Report -2
1.Select View
2.Select Reports

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in Summary


Report -3
1.Select
Overview

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2.Enter
Select

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in Summary


Report -4
1.Select
Project
Summary

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2.Enter
Select

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Seeing the Effects of Leveling in Summary


Report 5
Duration of the project project did not change.
This is because we selected
Level only within available slack
in the leveling dialog box.

There is still an overallocated resource


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Seeing the Effects of Leveling on The Critical


Path-1
1.Click on
More Views...

2.Select
Leveling Gantt
3.Click on Apply
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Seeing the Effects of Leveling on The Critical


Path-2

1.Firstly, Choose
Critical
from the menu
There is delay at one of the critical activities.
This has not caused any delay in the projects completion, because
this critical activity was not a critical activity before leveling,
it became critical due to delaying.
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Compare After-leveling and Pre-leveling Reports


Leveling only within available slack means that we are
keeping the duration of the project constant. If we look at the
both reports we can easily see that duration of the project in
each case is the same.
What difference did leveling make? Leveling reduces the
amount of overallocation. At the pre-leveling stage resourse B
was overallocated for 13 days, after leveling resource B is
overallacated for 8 days.
At the end with Leveling only within available slack did
not solve overallocation problem due to limited slack time.
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Leveling Not Limited to Available Slack-1

1.Do not check


Level only
within available slack

2.Select Level Now

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Leveling Not Limited to Available Slack-2


Get the project overview report...
Duration of the
project is increased

All overallacotion
problem is solved.
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Comparison of These Two Leveling Methods


Leveling only within available slack time reduces
the overallocation problem but not solve the whole
overallocation problem. But on the other hand the
project time is kept constant.
The other method solved the overallocation problem
completely, but the project duration is prolonged.

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Different types of Tasks can affect


Times and Resource Usage

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Keeping the amount of work constant in effortdriven scheduling can have varying effects on
duration and units depending on the task type

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Task Right ClickTask Information Advanced tab

Change these and


find out Impact
ie Change duration
and Resources to see
the impact.
Can cause confusion

Check on Task Sheet for Differences


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Fixed Duration
Fixed Duration Set the task to Fixed Duration if you want the task
duration to remain constant, regardless of any change in assignment
units or work for the task. For fixed-duration tasks:
If you revise units, Microsoft Project recalculates work.
If you revise duration in a fixed-duration task, Microsoft Project
recalculates work.
If you revise the amount of work, Microsoft Project recalculates the
units
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Fixed Units
Fixed Units Set the task to Fixed Units if you want the
number of assignment units to remain constant, regardless
of any change in duration or work for the task. This is the
default.
For fixed-unit tasks:
If you revise units in a fixed-unit task, Microsoft Project
recalculates duration.
If you revise duration, Microsoft Project recalculates
work.
If you revise the amount of work, Microsoft Project
recalculates the duration.
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Fixed Work
Fixed Work Set the task to Fixed Work if you want the amount of
work to remain constant, regardless of any change in duration or
resource assignment units for the task. Because, by definition, fixedwork tasks are effort-driven, the Effort driven check box is
automatically selected for fixed-work tasks.
For fixed-work tasks:
If you revise units, Microsoft Project recalculates duration.
If you revise duration, Microsoft Project recalculates units.
If you revise the amount of work in a fixed-work task, Microsoft
Project recalculates the duration.

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Resource Management

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Resource Management-1
1.Click on
an empty area
in the tool bar

2.Select Resource
Management

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Resource Management-2

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Ways of reducing over-allocations:


Delaying a task-1
Delaying an assigned task until the resource has time to
work on it is a simple way to resolve a resource over
allocation.
You can add delay to a task or assignment, check the
effect on the resource's allocation, and then adjust the delay
further if necessary.
If you want to add delay without changing the finish date
of other tasks or the project finish date, review available
slack and add delay only within that slack time.
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Ways of reducing over-allocations:


Delaying a task-2

1.Double-click on the
relationship between
activities which you
want a delay.
2.Set how many days
will you delay.
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Ways of reducing over-allocations:


Splitting a task-1

In addition to reducing over-allocations, splitting a task


is useful when you need to interrupt work on a task.
For example, your project may include a task that
requires materials that are ordered but that won't be
received for two weeks.

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Ways of reducing over-allocations


Spliting a task-2
2. Move pointer on
the Gantt Chart view, and
split the task which is needed
to be interrupted
1.First Click on
Split Task icon

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Sharing Resources across


projects

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Create a project and only model all


Resources in that project which are
common. (say Common_Resource)
(For other projects that shall use the
common resources
Tools Resources Share ResourcesSelect the name as Common_Resource

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Common
Resources
File Name

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PERT Calculations

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For PERT Calculations


View Tool Bars PERT Analysis

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PERT
Calculate
Button
Important
- Press to
see results

PERT Tool
Bar

Enter PERT Durations (Opt/Pess/Likely) and Calculate PERT


You can view all 3 Gantt Opt/Pess/ Likely
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Base Lines

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If Save with a baseline option does not appear,


Base Line means the details of the Previous Version
of the Plan

1.Choose
Tools

3.Click on
SaveBaseline...

2.Select
Tracking

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Tracking and Costing

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Display the Tool Bar for Tracking


View Tool Bars - Tracking

3 Activities A, B and C Duration 6,4,4.


A & B FS relation.
All use resource AR. Cost per hour of AR = 10/hr (Resource Sheet)
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Set the Options


Tools Options - Calculations

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Create a Network as below

3 Activities A, B and C Duration 6,4,4.


A & B FS relation.
All use resource AR. Cost per hour of AR = 10/hr (Resource Sheet)
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Update the Task Status using the buttons


on the Tool Bar (0-100% buttons)
or Task Update Button (or Tools Tracking)

Buttons for
Task Status
3 Activities A, B and C Duration 6,4,4.
A & B FS relation.
All use resource AR. Cost per hour of AR = 10/hr (Resource Sheet)
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Update Tasks and Add Progress Lines (Button on


Tool Bar or Tools Tracking Progress Lines)

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Task Updated and Progress Lines Added

Black bars
Indicate
Progress
Progress Line (Line to left indicates Slow Progress,
to Right Ahead of Schedule)
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Update Project based on Actual Status

Menu
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Tools Tracking Update Project


151

Update Project based on Actual Status

Select this
button.

Menu
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Put
date
based
on
Date
till
Status
got

Tools Tracking Update Project


152

Updated Project based on Actual Status

Dotted line
indicates
Delay

Menu
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Tools Tracking Update Project


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Update the Progress of the Project-1

1.Select the activity


that you will update
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2. From Tools select


Tracking

4.Update Tasks...
154

Update the Progress of the Project-2

Change the durations using the data


provided in the Excel file.
Note: Although we changed the actual and remaining
durations, baseline dates are not affected by changes you made.
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Update the Progress of the Project-3


If a number of tasks started and finished on time, you can set
the actual finish information for all those tasks at once.
Procedure as follows;

Select the tasks that you want to update (press


CTRL key and click on Task Name).
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Update the Progress of the Project-4


1.Go to
Tool bar

2.Select
Tracking

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2.Choose
Update
Project...

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Update the Progress of the Project-5

Choose selected tasks then click OK

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Seeing the Effects of Update-1

1.Go to
View

2.Click More
Views
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3.Select
Tracking Gantt
159

Seeing the Effects of Update-2

Dark Blue Bar shows the completion percentage of the tasks.


Light Blue Bar shows the remaining percentage of the tasks.
Gray Bar shows the base line of the tasks.
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Seeing the Effects of Update on


Critical Path

Select Critical
As you can see Tracking Gantt Chart does not show the
completed tasks on the critical path. Therefore we have only
remaining critical activities as indicated by the Red Bar.
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Costing Earned Value


Management

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Step 1
Create a Network with one Task A
Duration 10
Resource AR
Set Std Rate for Resource as 10/hr (View-Resource
Sheet)
Step 2
Set the Status Date appropriately (Project Project
Information)
Step 3
Save the Base Line (Tools Tracking Save Base
Line)
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Set the Tables to Earned Value


View Tables More Tables Earned
Value

EVM terms

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Update Actual Costs


Set Table to Cost (View Table Cost)

Enter Actual
Costs

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To see the BCWP/ACWP


Set the Tables to Earned Value
View Tables More Tables Earned Value
Update the Progress of the job also (for BCWP)

EVM terms Now


BCWS and
ACWP also
appear
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Black bar showing Progress


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Earned Value Analysis Report-1


What is earned value analysis?
Earned value analysis is a method for measuring project
performance. It indicates how much of the budget should
have been spent, in view of the amount of work done so
far, and the baseline cost for the task, assignment, or
resource. Earned value is also referred to as budgeted cost
of work performed (BCWP).
In our example we use the beginning of each month as a
control date for the earned value analysis.
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Earned Value Analysis Report-2

1. From Project select


Project Information
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2.Set Status date to 5/1/2002


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Earned Value Analysis Report-3

1.Select
View

2.Choose
Report
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3.Click on
Costs...

4.Click
Select
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Earned Value Analysis Report-4

1.Select Earned Value

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2.Click on Select

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Fields in the Earned Value Table


Field

Description

BCWS

Budgeted cost of work scheduled, through the project status date

BCWP

Budgeted cost of work performed, through the project status date

ACWP

Actual cost of work performed, through the project status date

SV

Earned value schedule variance, through the project status date

CV

Earned value cost variance, through the project status date

BAC

Budgeted at completion (the baseline cost of the task/project)

EAC

Estimate at completion, (estimated cost of the task/project)

VAC

Variance at completion, (=BAC EAC)

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Earned Value Analysis Report-5-1

Cost calculations for activity 5:


Uses 100% of resource B whose fixed cost is $450 & variable cost is $12/hr.
BCWS = 450 + 13 (12*8) = $1698
BCWP = 450 + 13 (12*8)*(13/14) = $1608.86
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Earned Value Analysis Report-5-2

If BCWS is larger than BCWP, then that task is behind schedule.


Hence there is a negative schedule variance.
Total ACWP is larger than BCWP; that is money spent on tasks
performed has been larger than the budgeted amount.
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Earned Value Analysis Report-5-3

EAC for activities that are not yet started (7, 8, 9, and 11) is set equal to BAC.
It is presumed that the fact that there has been deviations in the started
activities does not necessarily mean that there will be deviations in the
future activities.

EAC for activity 5 is calculated as follows: 450 + 14(12*8) = $1794


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Monthly Cost Schedule Report-1

1.Select View
2.Choose Report

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Monthly Cost Schedule Report-2

1.Choose Cost
2.Click on Select

3.Select CashFlow
4. Click on Edit icon.
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Monthly Cost Schedule Report-3

1.Select
Definition

3.Click
OK
2.Select
Month

You can change the format and details of cost schedule report
by changing the items within Crosstab Report view. For
the monthly cost report change the time unit to months.
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Monthly Cost Schedule Report-4

Click on Select icon.

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Monthly Cost Schedule Report-5


Monthly Cost Schedule Report

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Save as your project as <username>-Part4-1

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