06-85-133

ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

This course contains 3 parts:

1-Sketching

2-Engineering Design Process

3-Engineering Profession

Part 1- SKETCHING
Lecture 1

Communication of design ideas:

Sketching
Define technical sketching.
Understand how sketching integrates into
the design process.
Identify and define the types of sketches.

Alphabet of lines
Orthographic projection

Contd

Sketching
Sketching is an important method of
quickly communicating design ideas
Sketching is a form of documentation in
the early, ideation phase of engineering
design.

Contd - Communication of design ideas

Graphics communication using

engineering drawings and computer
models is a language with definite rules
that must be mastered if you want to be
successful in engineering design.
It is a language strongly based on
standardized symbols...

Contd - Communication of design ideas

Graphics is an extremely important part of the

engineering design process.
Graphics is used as a tool for communications
purposes:
to visualize possible solutions
to document the design

Contd

Sketching
Technicians
Engineers

Executives

Depend
on target
audience

Sketches to
represent new
ideas
Nontechnical
people

Contd

Sketching in ideation phase

Sketches are general ideas for solutions
not containing any detail
Initial sketches

Are best generated

by individuals

Their selection is
best performed in groups

Contd
Useful tool:
Indicates key points using descriptive phrases
on the sketch:
Remind you why
you like the concept
Clarify what you are thinking
(for others, who will study your concept)

Contd

Descriptive
phrases or words

Contd

Sketching
In many applications, technical sketches
are required to follow the same graphics
conventions that are imposed on formal
drafted or CAD-produced drawings.

Technical
Sketching

Example
of
technical
sketching

Line Conventions
(pages 228-234 Bertoline 6th Ed, 2011)

The alphabet of lines

See also (Table 5.1 page 232 Bertoline 6th Ed, 2011)

A set of standard line types established by

the American Society of Mechanical
Engineering (ASME),
for technical drawing

Alphabet of Lines
1.Visible line
Represents
visible edges
Represents
outlines of the
object being
drawn

2.Hidden line
Represents edges not
visible in given view
Represents outlines of
an object not visible in
given view

3.Section lines
Appear only on a
sectional view
Normally - drawn
diagonally

4.Center line
Indicates
symmetry, center
points, or axes
Consists of
alternate long
and short dashes

5.Dimension line
Denotes the extent of
the dimension
Use with arrowheads

6.Extension line
Extends surface or
point away from
view
Used for the
purpose of
dimensioning

7.Leader
Drawn diagonally
Directs a dimension or
note to an area
Normally terminates
with an arrow
May terminate with a
dot

8.Cutting-plane line
Shows where
imaginary cutting
takes place to create
a sectional view
May be a series of
long dashes or
alternately two short
dashes between
single long dashes

Arrowheads

indicate the
direction of
sight

9.Viewing-plane
line
Used in conjunction
with removed views to
show where view
would normally appear
Arrowheads indicate
direction of sight

10.Short break line

Terminates a view to
conserve space and avoid
congestion
Separates internal and
external features with
broken-out sections

11.Long break line

Allows removal of a
long central portion of
an object to shorten a
view
Normally used in pairs

12.Phantom line
Represents the outline of an
adjacent part

Shows alternate position of a

given part

13.Chain line
Used to indicate an
area or portion of a
surface
Surface receives
special treatment