Mains Syllabus

GS I
Indian Culture

- Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature & Architecture from ancient to modern times

Modern Indian
History

- Mid 18th century to present: significant events, personalities, issues

- Freedom Struggle: its various stages & important contributors/contributions from different parts of th
- Post-Independence consolidation & reorganisation within the country

World History

- 18th century events such as Industrial revolution, World wars, redrawn national boundaries, colonisat
decolonisation

- Political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc., & their forms & effect on the society
Society

- Salient features of Indian society

- Diversity of India
- Role of women & women's organisation
- Population & associated issues
- Poverty & developmental issues
- Urbanisation: their problems & remedies
- Effects of globalisation on Indian society
- Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism

Geography

- Salient features of world physical geography

- Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia & the Indian subcontinent

- Factors responsible for location of primary, secondary & tertiary sector industries in various parts of t
(including India)

- Important geophysical phenomena: Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclones etc.

- Important geographical features & location: changes in critical geographical features (including water
caps) & in flora & fauna &
the effects of such changes
GS II
Indian
Constitution

- Historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions & basic structure

Polity

- Functions & responsibilities of the Union & the States, issues & challenges of federal structure, devolu
powers & finances up to local
levels & challenges therein
- Separation of powers btw various organs, dispute redressal mechanisms & institutions
- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

- Parliament & State Legislatures: structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges & iss
out of these
- Structure, organization & functioning of the Executive & the Judiciary
- Ministries & Depts of the govt
- Pressure groups & formal/informal associations & their role in the polity
- Salient features of the Representation of Peoples Act

- Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions & responsibilities of various Constituti
- Statutory, regulatory & various quasi-judicial bodies

Social Justice

- Govt policies & interventions for development in various sectors & issues arising out of their design &
implementation

- Development processes & the development industry: the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups & assoc
donors, charities, institutional &
other stakeholders
- Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre & States & the performance
schemes

- Mechanisms, laws, institutions & bodies constituted for the protection & betterment of these vulnerab

- Issues relating to development & management of Social Sector/Services relating to health, education
resources
- Issues relating to poverty & hunger
Governance

- Important aspects of governance

- Transparency & accountability & institutional & other measures
- E-governance: applications, models, successes, limitations, & potential
- Citizens charters
- Role of Civil Services in a democracy

IR

- India & its Neighbourhood: relations

- Bilateral, regional & global groupings & agreements involving India &/or affecting Indian interests
- Effect of policies & politics of developed & developing countries on Indian interests & Indian diaspora
- Important International institutions, agencies & fora: their structure & mandate
GS III

Economic
Development

- Indian Economy & issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development & emp
- Inclusive growth & issues arising from it
- Govt budgeting

- Major crops, cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation & irrigation
- Storage, transport & marketing of agricultural produce & issues & related constraints
- E-technology in the aid of farmers
- Issues related to direct & indirect farm subsidies & MSPs
- PDS: objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping
- Issues of buffer stocks & food security
- Technology missions
- Economics of animal-rearing

- Food processing & related industries in India: scope & significance, location, upstream & downstream
requirements, supply chain management
- Land reforms in India

- Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy & their effects on industrial grow
- Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
- Investment models
S&T

- Science & Technology: developments & their applications & effects in everyday life
- Achievements of Indians in science & technology
- Indigenization of technology & developing new technology
- Awareness in fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotechnology, Biotechnology

- Issues relating to intellectual property rights

E&B

- Environmental conservation
- Environmental pollution & degradation
- Environmental impact assessment

Disaster
Management

- Disasters & disaster management

Security

- Linkages btw development & spread of extremism

- Role of external state & non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security
- Challenges to internal security through communication networks
- Role of media & social networking sites in internal security challenges
- Basics of cyber security
- Money laundering & its prevention
- Security challenges & their management in border areas
- Linkages of organized crime with terrorism
- Various Security forces & agencies & their mandate
GS IV

Ethics

- Ethics & Human Interface: Essence, determinants & consequences of ethics in human actions
- Dimensions of ethics
- Ethics in public & private relationships
- Human values, lessons from lives & teachings of great leaders, reformers & administrators
- Role of family, society, educational institutions in inculcating Values

- Attitude: content, structure & function; its influence & relation with thought & behaviour; moral & poli
attitudes
- Social influence & persuasion
Aptitude

- Aptitude & foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality, non-partisanship, objectivity, d
public service, empathy,
tolerance & compassion towards the weaker sections
- Emotional Intelligence: concepts, & their utility & application in administration & governance
- Contributions of moral thinkers & philosophers from India & world
- Public/Civil service values & Ethics in Public Administration: Status & problems
- Ethical concerns & dilemmas in govt & private institutions
- Laws, rules, regulations & conscience as sources of ethical guidance
- Accountability & ethical governance, Strengthening of ethical & moral values in governance
- Ethical issues in international relations & funding
- Corporate governance

Integrity

- Probity in Governance: Concept of public service

- Philosophical basis of governance & probity
- Information sharing & transparency in govt, Right To Information
- Codes of Ethics & Codes of Conduct
- Citizen's Charters
- Work Culture
- Quality of service delivery
- Utilization of public funds
- Challenges of corruption
MS I

Anatomy

- Applied anatomy including blood & nerve supply of upper & lower limbs & joints of shoulder, hip & kn

- Gross anatomy, blood supply & lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, live
gonads & uterus
- Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum & inguinal region
- Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens

- Embryology: Placenta & placental barrier, development of heart, gut, kidney, uterus, ovary, testis & t
congenital abnormalities

- CNS, PNS & ANS: Gross & clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation of CSF; Neural pathways &
cutaneous sensations, hearing
& vision; Cranial nerves, distribution & clinical significance; Components of ANS

Physiology

- Nervous system: Conduction & transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular tra
reflexes, control of

equilibrium, posture & muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia, ph
sleep & consciousness

- Endocrine system: Mechanism of action of hormones, formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, fun
regulation of secretion of
pancreas & pituitary gland
- Reproductive system: Menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy
- Blood: Development, regulation & fate of blood cells
- CVS: Cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions
Biochemistry

- Organ function tests: liver, kidney, thyroid

- Protein synthesis
- Vitamins & minerals
- RFLP, PCR, Radio- immunoassays (RIA)

Pathology

- Inflammation & repair

- Disturbances of growth & cancer; Differentiation btw benign, malignant, primary & metastatic malign

- Pathogenesis & histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cer
- Pathogenesis & histopathology of Rheumatic & Ischemic Heart Disease & Diabetes Mellitus

- Etiology, pathogenesis & histopathology of cirrhosis of liver, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute o

Microbiology

- Humoral & cell mediated immunity

- Diseases caused by & laboratory diagnosis of: Meningococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Herpes, Dengue,
HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica,

Giardia, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus

Pharmacology

- Mechanism of action & side effects of: Antipyretics & analgesics, Antiviral, Antibiotics,
Antifungal, Antiparasitic, Antimalarials,

Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics, Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General & cardiac vasodilators, Anticanc

& Immunosuppressants
FMT

- Forensic examination of injuries & wounds

- Examination of blood & seminal stains
- Poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA & finger print study
MS II

Medicine

- Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis & principles of management (including prevention) of: Tetanus, R
Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese
Encephalitis

- Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis & principles of management of: Ischaemic heart disease, Pulmon
embolism, Bronchial asthma, Pleural

effusion, Tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes, Acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis, Cirrhosis of live
Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis,

Renal failure, Nephrotic syndrome, Renovascular hypertension, Complications of diabetes mellitus, C

disorders, Leukemia, Hypo &
hyperthyroidism, Meningitis & encephalitis
- Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echocardiogram, CT scan, MRI
- Anxiety & Depressive psychosis & Schizophrenia & ECT
Pediatrics

- Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrom

pneumonias, kernicterus

- IMNCI classification & management, PEM grading & management, ARI & diarrhea of under-5 & their m
Dermatology

- Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Steven Johnsons syndrome, Lichen Planus

Surgery

- Clinical features, causes, diagnosis & principles of management of: Cleft palate & harelip, Laryngeal t
& esophageal tumors
Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta
Tumors of Thyroid, Adrenal Glands
Abscess, cancer, fibroadenoma & adenosis of breast
Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach
Renal mass, Prostate cancer, Haemothorax
Stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter & Urinary Bladder
- Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus & anal canal, Gall bladder & Bile ducts

- Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancre
- Fractures of spine, Colles fracture & bone tumors
- Endoscopy, Laparoscopic Surgery
ObG + Family
Planning

- Diagnosis of pregnancy

- Labour management, complications of 3rd stage of labour, Management of abnormal lie & difficult lab
- Antepartum & postpartum haemorrhage
- Resuscitation of the new born
- Management of small for date or premature new born
- Diagnosis & management of anemia, Preeclampsia & Toxaemias of pregnancy

- Family Planning: Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy & vasectomy

- MTP including legal aspects

- Cancer cervix, Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain, infertility, DUB, amenorrhoea, Fibroid & prolapse of uterus, M
of Post-menopausal
Syndrome

PSM

- Principles, methods, approach & measurements of Epidemiology

- Nutrition, nutritional diseases/disorders & Nutrition Programmes
- Health information collection, analysis & presentation
- Objectives, components & critical analysis of National programmes for control/eradication of Malaria,
azar, Filaria, TB, HIV/AIDS, STDs &
Dengue
- Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system
- Health management & administration: Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation & Evaluation

- Objectives, Components, Goals & Status of Reproductive & Child Health, NRHM & Millennium Develop
- Management of hospital & industrial waste