| Back-to-Basics Why install a Keyphasor® transducer? iy Pat Russell Northeast Region Manager Bonily Nevada Corporation ation monivoring and diagnos. ties systems have three parpos- 8 Firs, the system should alert, Operators to developing problems, while tay ne ell rumigae Sra 2 iiimzeduage fo teachin 5 sm should provide shuidown cape = in the event of catastrophic fei a ure, Third, and perhaps most important, E i should provide information to belp the < ey Sci ny aes tact cages ncn conan, gone michel Location The Keyperor mnsaucr ix on MRD easel eared of reeig td Signs sow hash ids KeyphatOr tatrin Opcaar snd Mctnery Spee la {alist with information vital to the suc- cessful protection and management of plant machinery. The Keyphsor signal, (Figure 2) a once-portum voltage pulse provided by a wansducer (normally a Redundant a eyphosor ‘opncusee Oe refetin Figure 2 ‘The Keyphasoe oncesper-turn reference signal cam eome from 3 ‘variety ofsourees: A proximity probe olxervinga notch oF projee> tion on the shat, an optical pickup observing reflective tape. or & srobe ight trigger using e match mack on the shaft and casing. 34 Orbit Diroction of precession ¥ Relative frequency of vibration is, 1X (synchronous) sale 180 Amplitude Phase lag angle with respect to the X transducer Figure! ‘wo (XY) proximity transdcers produce a two-dimensional picture of shaft motion in the _mcasurement plane. By esamining the Keyphosor mare the sequence of blanlright spots) ‘om tho orbit, the dircetion of precession forward or reverse) can then be determined. Te Keyphosor tana! Figure Absolute phase is the number of degrees af vibration eyee from ‘when the Keyphasor fires tothe first positive pea inthe vibration Signal tis always lag angle, measured from 0 @ 360 degrees. June 1997Proximity probe), is used by the moni- were designed tp present LX and NOT plots (Figure 1) is necessary to evaluate toring sysem to generate filtered vibea- 1X information in a way that easy for phase lag. Without the Keyphsor ah, tion amplitude and phase lag measure- Operators to measure. Operators ean the shaft orbit will not indicate if the ments. The Keyphasor information ean ‘compare the 1X portion of the vibration is oscurring in a synchronous hhelp the Operator identity developing vibration signal to the NOT 1X portion (1X) or “nonsynchronous mode. A svachine problems or distinguish serous Changes in IX vibration eed to be Kexphasor mark is ako necesaaty to problems from les serious ones. analysed. Ihe change is gradual, the determine the direction of shaft vibsaion Operator can schedule a vist by the pevesion (inthe ste or the oppsite eee oe Onan Machinery Spelt Then, the operator sStetion of shaft rotation) from the can contiue to manage his machinery il, and vo generate the mode shape of and proces vith increaed tenon. Hf te shaft (Figure). he change is sudsen, an immediate call In adition, polar and Bode plots, the specialist i in err, and the WHER a acess fo document rotor Operator can apply the appropiate wan TeSPonse on startup or shutdown, cannot agement procedure tothisnew situation, Be Geveloped without Keyphasor infor: tation. These plots are also needed For owe alae, Beira ane Iyze machinoy data and determine what S€0Us machine problems ing solutions are aitempred polar plots should be done. However, in many A change in the NOT IX postion of should be reviewed to verify where the mis «specialist may not be immedi- she overall vibration, however, i often A eights shouldbe placed. ately available. IF the Operator only has strong indicator of malfunctions that can sineet (or overall) vibration amplitude quickly be detrimental tothe machine. It ‘measurements, it js diffiewt to decide there has been an increase in NOT 1X whether the machinery problem is seti- vibration, a Machinery Specialist should In the past, Operators were only requited 10 manage the process. In today’s competitive environment, they fare expected to manage not only the Process, but plant assets, inelucing machinery. In some plants the Operator cam call & Machinery Specialist to ane The Machinery Specialist needs to review as much machinery data ss possi be to provide an accurate analysis. The lack of Keyphasor-clated data ean Kad cme iecatdinnellcy saneertemor Keb! Keeani (A potion isaed Reypiewn’_ eSemiat seed of HOT IN wine ee le ne ee ee ts soneines dieu w nan x phase information which can help him stator rubs, and gear faults. All are of __Keyphasor transducer. However, the ad- Se ee oN ia ee tical fnformaon povided ty te penton can wets Benly Neva Keyphsor sgl sable neces {40 Machinery Dat Manogeteatefomaton fr he Machinesy for Oper and Machinery Spec Syoem, te Tenimas 2000Syem oma to soccshaly pro! and’ nage of the Data Manager® 2000 System for Windows NT to generate industy- standant plots that display 1X (synebo- nous) amplitode and phase or NOT 1X (nonsynchronous) amplitude measure: ments. These Bently Nevada systems “The Machinery Specialist also neads Machinery. For this reason, both Bently ‘machinery information from a Keypha Neveda and the American Peiroleum sor transducer to perform his job proper -MSstite in its specifications for machin ly. Although some plot fonnass, such as ery profection systems, recommend shaft orbits and spectrum displays, will installing a Keyphasor transducer and a be available, a Keyphasor mark on orbit redundant Keyphasor ansduce il A B Cc D E F Figure Example of mode shape A trough F above are orbits shown a the same spo a ferent earngs The blue dashed line represents the orbit centerline. ‘The re line connecting ‘he Keyphasor dots shows the apparent shalt deflection shape. June 1997 Orbit 35